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Overhead Transmission Lines Static Mechanical Support

Emmano uil Angeladas

O ve rhe ad Trans mis s io n Line s - Princ ip le s o f Eng ine e ring // Static Me c hanic al Sup p o rt

Introduction to the designing principles

When designing an overhead transmission line, we should pay attention to ensure that the tension force does not exceed, in any case, the limit of the mechanical strength of the conductor. T he maximum stress occurs at the lower temperature,when the line is subjected to contraction, and a possible ice coating. Moreover, it should be considered that can simultaneously be and wind pressure on the line. To address these conditions, a requirement, is knowledge of the arrow of the conductor. Besides, the arrow determines the height and strength of the supporting towers, as well as the span length (distance between two towers).

1. St at ic vision of t he t ransmission line

Even:

l = span length in m (distance between two support points). L = conductor length in m, corresponding to the opening l. w = conductor weight in Kpper meter. T = tensile strength of the transmission line, in Kp. D = maximum arrow, in m.

2. Transmission line coat ed wit h ice & under t he ef f ect of wind

Even: d = conductor diameter in cm. i = radial ice thickness in cm. wi = ice weight per meter. P = wind pressure at speed of 80 km/hr. W = resultant f orce (weight and wind pressure). T he vertical component of the arrow:

3. Calculat ion of t he arrow (t ransmission line const ruct ion)

We accept as unfavorable conditions the following: Ambient temperature -10C Radial ice coating 1 cm Wind speed 80 km/hr With these conditions, we choose 2nd degree safety factor, so that the tension f orce should not exceed half the breaking load of the conductor. During the construction of the transmission line, with the conditions prevailing at the time (higher temperature and without ice), the tension must be done in such a way that, at the most unf avorable conditions, the transmission line to have a 2nd degree saf ety f actor. According to Rapson: when: T = tensile strength during the construction, in Kp (is considered constant along the transmission line). A = conductor cross section, in cm2 E = yield strength f actor, in Kp/cm2 = expansion f actor per C. t = ambient temperature above -10C. T c = tensile strength in adverse conditions, in Kp (T c obtained half of the breaking load). By solving the above f ormula, we obtain the value of T . T hen, the arrow, during the construction, is:

4. Transmission line based on dif f erent levels

Consider O the imaginary lowest point of the transmission line.

x1 = is the horizontal distance between the lowest support point and the O. x2 = is the horizontal distance between the highest support point and the O. D1 = is the imaginary arrow f rom the lowest support point. D2 = is the imaginary arrow f rom the highest support point. With these data, we have: We observe that:

From the above, we have:

With the values of x1, x2, the arrows D1, D2 can be calculated, as well as the height of any point on the transmission line f rom the ground.

Example
An overhead transmission line crosses a river and it is based on the two banks by two towers at height h1=91.4m and h2=45.7m above the water surf ace. T he horizontal distance between the towers is 335.3 m. T he maximum tensile f orce is T = 1932.3 Kp and the weight of the conductor is w = 0.884Kp/m. Determine the height h of the line over the water, midway between the two towers. Consider O the imaginary lowest point of the transmission line and D1, D2 the arrows f rom the lower and the tallest tower respectively.

Trans mis s io n line b as e d o n d iffe re nt le ve ls

However:

Therefore:

Ref erence:
Vasilios N. Xanthos Generation, Transmission, Distribution, Measurement and saving of Electrical Energy