Name: _____________________________ Date: ______________ Period: _________

Chemistry Gives Me Headaches!!

In industry, it is very important for companies to maximize the amount of product they produce from a chemical reaction. This allows them to make the most profit from their product. In this lab, you will use stoichiometry to calculate the percent yield of aspirin you make. You will use careful lab techniques to maximize the amount of product you produce. Procedure. 1. In a fume hood, measure out approximately 3.0 g of salicylic acid. Record the mass in the data table. 2. Place the salicylic acid in a 125 mL flask. Carefully add 6 mL of acetic anhydride, stirring constantly. Then add 8 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid. Swirl the flask until the reactants are completely mixed. 3. Place the stopper with the pipet in it into the flask. 4. Heat the flask in a hot water bath for 15 minutes. 5. Remove the flask from the hot water bath and carefully remove the stopper. VERY CAREFULLY and very quickly add 5 mL of extremely cold distilled water. When the reaction is finished, you may move to your station. 6. Add another 35 mL of very cold distilled water to the flask and place the flask in an ice bath for 5 minutes. Aspirin crystals should start to form in the flask. 7. Take the mass of a piece of filter paper. Record it in the data table. 8. Place the filter paper in the Buchner funnel and moisten it with distilled water. 9. Turn on the water so it is flowing very quickly. 10. Pour the contents of your flask into the funnel. If any remains in the flask, rinse it out with small quantities of distilled water from your wash bottle. Rinse the crystals with 15 mL of distilled ice water. Allow the water to run for 5 minutes. 11. Disconnect the tubing to your flask. Turn off the water. Allow your filter paper to completely dry overnight. 12. The next day, take the mass of the filter paper and the aspirin crystals. Record the mass in the data table.

Data Table Mass of salicylic acid Mass of filter paper Mass of filter paper and aspirin

g g g

Calculations 1. Balance the equation for the reaction. ___C7H6O3 + ___C4H6O3 ___C9H8O4 + ___C2H4O2 2. Find the mass of the aspirin you made in the lab. _______________________ Mass of filter paper and aspirin

-______________________

-Mass of filter paper

Mass of aspirin

3. The limiting reactant for this reaction is salicylic acid (C7H6O3), so the rest of the calculations will involve this substance. a. Find the moles of salicylic acid used in the lab. Mass of salicylic acid Molar mass from PT = Moles ______________ g ____________g/mol = _____________ mol salicylic acid

b. Find the moles of aspirin (C9H8O4) that were made in the lab. Set up a proportion using a mole ratio.

c. Find the mass of aspirin you should have made in the lab. Answer from part b x Molar mass from PT = Mass of aspirin ______________ mole x ____________g/mol = ____________g aspirin

4. Find the percent yield for the aspirin you made in the lab. Actual yield (#2) Theoretical yield (#3) x 100% = Percent yield __________________ (#2) x 100 = ___________________ % (#3)