OBJECT ORIENTED DATA BASES The object oriented database management system is a combination of object oriented object #oriented

the benefits of an object programming and database techno ogy to pro!ide "hat "e no" ca databases$ Additiona y% object oriented databases a o" a orientation as "e

as the abi ity to ha!e a strong e&'i!a ence "ith object(oriented

programs% an e&'i!a ence that "o' d be ost if an a ternati!e "ere chosen% as "ith a p're y re ationa database$ By combining object(oriented programming "ith database techno ogy% "e ha!e an integrated app ication de!e opment system% a significant characteristics of object(oriented database techno ogy$ )any ad!antages accr'e from inc 'ding the definition of operations "ith the definition of data$ *irst% the defined operations app y 'ni!ersa y and are not dependent on the partic' ar database app ication r'nning at the moment$ Second % the data types can be e+tended to s'pport comp e+ data s'ch as m' timedia by defining ne" object c asses that ha!e operations to s'pport the ne" ,inds of information$ The -object(oriented database system - described the necessary characteristics that a system m'st satisfy to be considered an object(oriented database$ These categories can be broad y di!ided into object(oriented ang'age properties and database re&'irements$ *irst% the r' es that ma,e it an object(oriented system are as fo o"s .$ The system m'st s'pport comp e+ objects$ A system m'st pro!ide simp e atomic types of objects/integers% characters% etc0 from "hich comp e+ objects can be b'i t by app ying constr'ctors to atomic objects or other comp e+ objects or both$ 1$ Object identity m'st be s'pported$ A data object m'st ha!e an identity and e+istence independent of its !a 'es$ 2$ Objects m'st be encaps' ated$ An object m'st encaps' ate both a program and its data$ Encaps' ation embodies the separation of interface and imp ementation and the need for mod' arity$ 3$ The system m'st s'pport types or c asses$ The system m'st s'pport either the type concept/embodied by c440 or the c ass concept /embodied by sma ta ,0$ 5$ The system m'st s'pport inheritance$ C asses and types can participate in a c ass hierarchy$ The primary ad!antage of inheritance is that it factors o't shared code and interfaces$

6$ The system m'st a!oid premat're binding$ This feat're a so ,no"n as ate binding or dynamic binding$ Since c asses and types s'pport encaps' ation and inheritance% the system m'st reso !e conf icts in operation names at r'n time$ 7$ The system m'st be comp'tationa y comp ete$ Any comp'tab e f'nction sho' d be e+pressib e in the data manip' ation ang'age/D)80 of the system% thereby a o"ing e+pression of any type of operation$ 9$ The system m'st be e+tensib e$ The 'ser of the system sho' d be ab e to create ne" types that ha!e e&'a stat's to the system:s predefined types$ Second% these r' es ma,e it a DB)S; <$ It m'st be persistent% ab e to remember an object state$ The system m'st a o" the programmer to ha!e data s'r!i!e beyond the e+ec'tion of the creating process for it to be re'sed in another process$ .= It m'st be ab e to manage !ery arge databases$ The system m'st efficient y manage access to the secondary storage and pro!ide performance feat'res% s'ch as inde+ing% c 'stering% b'ffering% and &'ery optimi>ation$ ..$ It m'st accept conc'rrent 'sers$ The system m'st a o" m' tip e conc'rrent 'sers and s'pport the notions of atomic% seria i>ab e transactions$ .1$ It m'st be ab e to reco!er from hard"are and soft"are fai 'res$ The system m'st be ab e to reco!er from soft"are and hard"are fai 'res and ret'rn to a coherent state$ .2$ Data &'ery m'st be simp e The system m'st pro!ide some high( e!e mechanism for ad(hoc bro"sing of the contents of the database$ The major benefits of 'sing ODB)S inc 'de; .$ The objects as s'ch can be stored in the database/often the operations are not stored% b't are on y present in the c ass ibrary in the primary memory0$ 1$ No con!ersion is needed for the DB)S type system% the 'ser defined c asses are 'sed as types in the DB)S$ 2$ The ang'age of the programming ang'age$ DB)S can be integrated "ith an object(oriented