List of Killings Ordered or Supported by Muhammad

Source: wikiislam.net

The use of assassination to achieve political/religious goals has been important throughout the history of Arabia and the islamic expansion, and the very word "assassin"[1] has Arabic roots ( ).

This list contains the results and reasons for the targeted killings and assassinations ordered or supported by Prophet Muhammad, as well as the primary sources which mention these incidents. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Ordered by Muhammad Supported but not ordered by Muhammad Women and/or children Apostates

Reasons including writing or reciting poetry

Reasons including "causing offence" gain

Reasons including monetary

No.

Name

Date

Reason(s) for Ordering or Supporting Killing

Result

Notable Primary Sources Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah
[6]

'Asma' bint Marwan

January [2] 624

Kill 'Asma' bint Marwan for opposing Muhammad with poetry and for provoking others [3][4][2] to attack him

Asma' bint Marwan assassinated

[2][5]

Ibn Sa'd, Kitab altabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2

[3]

February [7] 624 Kill the Jewish poet Abu Afak for [7][6][4] opposing Muhammad through Abu Afak assassinated [4][6][7][8] poetry

Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah

[9]

Abu 'Afak

Ibn Sa'd, Kitab altabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2

[10]

Al Nadr ibn alHarith

After Battle of Badr March [11] 624

According to Mubarakpuri, Al Nadir was captured during the Battle of Badr. A Qur'an verse was revealed ordering the

Nadr bin Harith beheaded by Ali

[11][12]

Qur'an 83:13

[13]

Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah

[13]

execution of Nadr bin Harith, he was one of two prisoners who were executed and not allowed to be ransomed by their clans because he mocked and harassed Muhammad and wrote poems and stories criticizing [11][12] him Uqba bin Abu Muayt was captured in the Battle of Badr and was killed instead of being ransomed, because he threw dead animal entrails on Muhammad, and wrapped his garmet around Muhammad's [11][12] neck while he was praying Sunan Abu Dawud no. 2680 (with commentary from Awnul Mabud 3/12) Uqba bin Abu Muayt beheaded by Asim ibn Thabbit or Ali
[11][12] [14]

Uqba bin Abu Muayt

After Battle of Badr March [11] 624

Sahih Bukhari1:9:499 Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah
[15]

Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet

[16]

Ka'b ibn alAshraf

September [17][18][19] 624

According to Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad ordered his followers to kill Ka'b because he "had gone to Mecca after Badr and inveighed against Muhammad. He also composed Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf verses in which he bewailed the [21] assassinated victims of Quraysh who had been killed at Badr. Shortly afterwards he returned to Medina and composed amatory verses of an insulting nature [20][21] about the Muslim women".

Sahih Bukhari5:59:369, Sahih Muslim 19:4436

Sahih Bukhari4:52:264, Sahih

Abu Rafi' ibn Abi Al-Huqaiq

December [22] 624

Kill Abu Rafi' ibn Abi Al-Huqaiq for mocking Muhammad with his poetry and for helping the troops [23][22] Abu Rafi assassinated of the Confederates by providing them with money and [23][22] supplies

Bukhari 5:59:370,Sahih Bukhari5:59:371, Sahih Bukhari 5:59:372and more

[24]

Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah

[25]

Tabari, Volume 7, The foundation of the

community Kill Khalid bin Sufyan, because there were reports he considered an attack on Medina and that he Khalid ibn Sufyan [27][28] was inciting the people on assassinated Nakhla or Uranah to fight [27][28] Muslims

[26]

Musnad Ahmad 3:496 Abu Dawud, book 2 no.1244

[30]

[29]

Khalid ibn Sufyan

625

[27]

Ibn Hisham, Sirat Rasul Allah

[27]

Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet

[31][32]

Abu 'Azzah March 'Amr bin 'Abd [33] 625 Allah al-Jumahi

Behead Abu 'Azzah 'Amr bin 'Abd Allah al-Jumahi because he was a prisoner of War captured Abu 'Azzah beheaded by during the Invasion of Hamra al[34][35] Asad, that Muhammad released Ali once, but he took up arms [34][35] against him again Kill Muawiyah bin Al Mugheerah, because he was accused by Muhammad of being a spy. He went to Uthman (his cousin) for Muawiyah bin Al shelter, and Uthman arranged Mugheerah captured and for his return to Mecca, but he [34][37] stayed too long in Medina. After executed Muhammad heard he was still in Medina, he ordered his [34][36] death Kill Al-Harith bin Suwayd because according to Islamic tradition, Allah revealed Qur'an 3:86, which indicated that those who reject Islam after accepting it should be put to death. AlHarith bin Suwayd was a Muslim Al-Harith bin Suwayd who fought in the Battle of Uhud beheaded by [37][38][39] and killed some Muslims, he Uthman then joined the Quraysh and left Islam. Al-Harith sent his brother to Muhammad for his forgiveness. Muhammad allowed his return but then decided to kill [37][38][39][40] him. Amr bin Umayyah al-Damri sent to assassinate Abu Sufyan 3 polytheists killed by

Tabari, Volume 7, The foundation of the community

[35]

Muawiyah bin Al Mugheerah

March [33] 625

Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah

[37]

Al-Harith bin 10 Suwayd alAnsari

Qur'an 3:86

[38][39]

March [33] 625

Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah

[37]

11 Abu Sufyan

627

[41]

Tabari, Volume 7, The

(Quraysh leader)

[42][42]

Muslims

[42]

foundation of the community

[43]

Attack Banu Qurayza because according to Muslim tradition he had been ordered to do so by the angel Gabriel.
[45][46][47][48][49][50]

Muslims: 2 killed One of Non-Muslims:

[45]

Qur'an 33:26,

[46]

Qur'an

33:09 & 33:10

[58][59]

Muhammad's companions February Banu Qurayza 12 March tribe [44] 627 decided that "the men should be killed, the property divided, and the women and children taken as captives". Muhammad approved of the ruling, calling it similar to God's judgment,
[48][49][51][52][53]

Abu Dawud38:4390 Sahih Bukhari4:52:68, Sahih Bukhari 4:57:66and more

1. 600-900 beheaded (Tabari, Ibn Hisham)

[45][46][55]

2. All Males and 1 woman beheaded (Hadith)

[56][57]

Tabari, Volume 8, Victory of Islam

[60]

after

which all male members of the tribe who had reached puberty were beheaded
[46][54]

Muhammad calls off assassination and says to Umar "if I had had him December [41] 627 (during Invasion of Banu [61] Mustaliq ) Kill Abdullah ibn Ubayy, who was accused by Muhammad of slandering his family by spreading false rumors about [62] Aisha (his wife). His son [63][64] offered to behead him (Abdullah bin Ubai) killed, a large number of dignitaries would have furiously hastened to fight for him"
[65]

Sahih Bukhari5:59:462, Sahih Bukhari 5:59:462

Abdullah ibn 13 Ubayy

Later he reveals a

Ibn Hisham, Sirat Rasul Allah

[65]

Quran verse forbidding Muslims from attending the funeral of disbelievers and "hypocrites" Kill Al-Yusayr ibn Rizam because Muhammad heard that his group was preparing to [68][69] attack him Kill 8 men who came to him and converted to Islam, but then apostatized, killed one Muslim and drove off with Muhammad's
[66][67]

30 killed by Muslims
[68][69]

Tirmidhi no. 3923

[70]

14

Al-Yusayr ibn Rizam

February [41] 628

Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah

[71]

Muslims: 1 killed Non-Muslims: 8 tortured to death

[72][73]

Qur'an 5:33-39 Sahih

[72][74]

15

Eight men from February [41] 'Ukil 628

Bukhari1:4:234, Sahih

camels

[72]

Bukhari 5:59:505,Sahih Bukhari7:71:623 and more

16

Rifaah bin Qays

629

[75][76]

To kill Rifaah bin Qays, because [77] 1 beheaded, 4 women Muhammad heard they were allegedly enticing the people of captured by Muslims[78] [76] Qais to fight him

Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah

[77]

Tabari, Volume 8, History of Islam

[78]

During/after Conquest of Mecca (Jan [79][80][81] 630)

Sahih Bukhari5:59:582, Sahih

17

Abdullah bin Khatal

Kill Abdullah bin Khatal for killing 2 Muslims execute him, a slave and fleeing, as well and after finding him hiding for reciting poems insulting under the curtains of the [79][80][81] Muhammad [79][80][81] Ka'aba

Bukhari 3:29:72 Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah
[82]

Ibn Sa'd, Kitab altabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2

[83]

During/after Conquest of Mecca (Jan [79][84] 630) Kill Fartana (a slave girl of Abdullah ibn Khatal), because she used to recite poems [79][81] insulting Muhammad Fartana is killed
[79][81][84]

Abu Dawud14:2678 Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah
[85]

18 Fartana

Ibn Sa'd, Kitab altabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2

[83]

During/after Conquest of Mecca [79] (Jan 630) Kill Quraybah (a slave girl of Abdullah ibn Khatal), because she used to recite poems [79] insulting Muhammad Quraybah converts to Islam and is pardoned
[79][83]

Abu Dawud14:2678 Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah
[85]

19 Quraybah

Ibn Sa'd, Kitab altabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2

[83]

20

Huwayrith ibn Nafidh

When Muhammad's daughters During/after were fleeing Medina, he stabbed Huwayrith ibn Nafidh Conquest of their camels, causing injuries. He [81][86] [79] Mecca killed by Ali [79] was a poet who "disgraced and (Jan 630) [79][81][86] abused" Islam Miqyas killed a Muslim who During/after accidentally killed his brother, Conquest of and escaped to Mecca and Mecca [79] became an apostate by (Jan 630) [79][81][82][86] embracing polytheism

Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah

[82]

21

Miqyas ibn Subabah

Miqyas killed

[79][81][86]

Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah

[82]

Conflicting reports: 1. Ibn Ishaq reports During/after Kill Sarah, because Muhammad Conquest of claimed that she used to molest Mecca [79][82] [79] him while he was in Mecca (Jan 630) that she embraced Islam but was killed later, during the time of Umar
[82]

Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah

[82]

22 Sarah

Tabari, Volume 8, History of Islam

[87]

2. Tabari reports she was killed

[87]

According to Ibn Sa'd, Zubayr ibn Abi Umayyah and Harith ibn Hisham both Harith ibn Hisham During/after Conquest of Kill Harith ibn Hisham, reason [79][82] Mecca unknown [79] (Jan 630) sought refuge in a Muslim relatives house, the relative pleaded with Muhammad for mercy, so he pardoned them on the condition they embrace Islam During/after Zubayr ibn Abi Conquest of Kill Zubayr ibn Abi Umayyah, 24 [79][82] Umayyah Mecca reason unknown [79] (Jan 630)
[79][88]

Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah

[82]

23

Ibn Sa'd, Kitab altabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2

[88]

See above result

[79][82]

Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah

[82]

Sahih Bukhari5:59:662, Sahih Bukhari 4:56:817

Habbar Ibn al25 Aswad bin Ka`b al-`Ansi During/after Kill Habbar ibn al-Aswad Habbar ibn al-Aswad Conquest of [89][90] because he was a "liar", he [89][90] Mecca [89] killed [79] claimed he was a Prophet (Jan 630)

Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah

[82]

Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet

[89]

Ibn Sa'd, Kitab altabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2

[91]

Ikrimah ibn 26 Abu Jahl

During/after Kill Ikrimah ibn Abu Jahl, bcause Conflicting reports Conquest of he was hostile to Muhammad Mecca [79][82] [79] like his father Abu Jahl 1. Ibn Ishaq says, his (Jan 630)

Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah

[82]

Tabari, Volume 8,

wife "became a Muslim and asked for immunity for him and the apostle gave it"
[82]

History of Islam

[92]

2. Tabari says he was "eliminated"

[92]

Wahshi ibn Harb pardoned Wahshi ibn 27 Harb During/after Kill Wahshi ibn Harb, for killing Conquest of Muhammad's uncle during the Mecca [79] [79] Battle of Uhud (Jan 630) by Muhammad after he asks for forgiveness and offers to convert to Islam
[79][93]

Ibn Sa'd, Kitab altabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2

[93]

Ibn Ishaq wrote that During/after Ka'b ibn Conquest of 28 Zuhayr ibn Abi Mecca Sulama [79] (Jan 630) Assassinate Ka'b ibn Zuhayr ibn Muhammad said "Leave him alone, he has become Abi Sulama for writing satirical poems about a repentant Muslim after [79][94][95][96] Muhammad the disposal of his past.", so he was pardoned During/after Conquest of For mocking Muhammad [79] Mecca through poetry [79] (Jan 630) During/after Kill Abdullah ibn Zib'ari, for Conquest of writing insulting poems about Mecca [79] [79] Muhammad (Jan 630)
[95][96]

Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah

[96]

29

Al-Harith bin al-Talatil

Al-Harith bin al-Talatil is killed by Ali

[79][97]

Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah

[97]

Abdullah ibn Zib'ari repents and converts to Islam, so Muhammad pardoned him
[79]

30

Abdullah ibn Zib'ari

Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah

Tabari Volume 39 states, During/after Conquest of Kill Hubayrah, for mocking [79] Mecca Muhammad through poetry [79] (Jan 630) Hubayrah "ran away when Mecca was conquered, and died in Najran as an infidel" During/after Conquest of Mecca [79] (Jan 630)
[79]

Tabari, Volume 39, Biographies of the Prophet's companions and their successors
[98]

31 Hubayrah

Hind bint 32 Utbah

Kill Hind bint Utbah (wife of Abu Tabari said, Hind "swore Sufyan) for cutting out the heart allegiance and became a of Muhammad's uncle Hamza after he died, during the Battle of Muslim.",[99] she was

Abu Dawud33:4153 Tabari, Volume 8, History of Islam

[99]

Uhud

[79]

pardoned by Muhammad

[79]

During the Invasion of Amr ibn Jihash Banu 33 (convert to [100] Nadir [100] Islam) (Aug [101] 625)

According to Ibn Kathir and Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad said to Yamin bim Umayr, about Amr ibn Jash "Have you seen the way your cousin has treated me and what he proposed to [102][100] do?" Muhammad accused him of trying to assassinate [103] him

Amr ibn Jihash is assassinated after a Muslim offers a reward for his killing
[100]

Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah

[102]

King or Prince 34 of Dumatul Jandal October [104] 630 Attack the chief of Duma for [105][106] Jizyah and booty
[107]

Abu Dawud19:3031 Ibn Sa'd, Kitab altabaqat al-kabir, Volume

[108]

1 killed, 2 taken captive

Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet

[105]

Umaiya bin 35 Khalaf Abi Safwan

Unknown

Kill Umaiya bin Khalaf, Umaiya bin Khalaf killed by Muhammad's reason is [109] unknown. But Bilal wanted to Bilal[109][110] [110] kill him for torturing him Muhammad supported this killing Blind Muslim kills his because the women insulted [111][112] [111][112] wife/concubine him Muhammad reportedly ordered his followers to "kill any Jew that Ibn Sunayna killed by falls into your power", Muhayissa [113][114] heard this and went out to kill Ibn Muhayissa [113][114] Sunayna (a Jew) A misunderstanding leads to his pardoning. Abdullah Kill Abdullah ibn Saad, because he became and apostate (left Islam) and fled to Mecca. He also claimed that he was the one who wrote the Qur'an and started to mock Muhammad, [116] which made him angry ibn Saad was brought in front of Muhammad and offered his loyalty, Muhammad upheld his hand to indicate that his followers should kill him, but the Muslims thought he pardoned him.
[116]

Sahih Bukhari4:56:826

Abu Dawud38:4348 Sunan al-Nasai no. 4081

Blind man's 36 Unknown wife/concubine

Abu Dawud19:2996 Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah
[115]

37 Ibn Sunayna

Unknown

Abu Dawud38:4346 Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah
[85]

Abdullah ibn 38 Saad

Unknown

He said

"Was not there a wise man among you who would stand up to him when he saw that I had withheld my hand from accepting his allegiance, and kill him?"
[117]

Ibn an39 Nawwahah

Unknown

According to Ibn Kathir, Muhammad once said about Ibn an-Nawwahah "I would have cut off your head, if it was not that Abdullah ibn Masud emissaries are not killed" beheads Ibn anbecause he claimed Musaylimah [118][119] was a Prophet, so Abdullah ibn Nawwahah Masud killed Ibn an-Nawwahah when he was no longer an [118][119] emissary

Abu Dawud14:2756 Tabari, Volume 10, Conquest of Arabia

[120]

Muhammad's followers kill a Blind Jew killed by Sa'd ibn blind Jew for throwing dust at his [121][122] [121][122] Zayd face

Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah

[123]

40 Blind Jew

Unknown

Tabari, Volume 7, The foundation of the community

[122]

Salama bin Al-Akwa 41 Nameless spy Unknown Kill a man Muhammad [124][125] suspected of being a spy chases and kills the suspected spy
[124][125]

Sahih Bukhari4:52:286

42

Man from Aslam tribe

Unknown

Kill a man from the Aslam tribe [126][127] for Adultery

Man from Aslam tribe stoned to death

[126][127]

Abu Dawud38:4414

43

Kinana ibn alRabi

July 628

[128]

Torture Kinana ibn al-Rabi to find Kinana ibn al-Rabi location of allegedly hidden [129][130] [129][130] beheaded treasure

Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah

[131]

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