Power System Simulation for Engineers (PSS/E version 30): Stability Analysis

The following provides some step-by-step instructions for using the PSS/E software. Note that these instructions are meant to assist you as a guide, but one should not e pect that they are perfect nor will they alleviate you from having to thin!. "ather, e pect to apply good #udgment when using the programs. $hen you come to a point that appears unclear to you, assess the situation as best as you can, ma!e a decision, note your thin!ing on a pad of paper, and move on. %lso, you should have access to the manuals as a resource to clarify any problem you come across. The manuals can be found at Start&%ll Programs&PSSE '(.)&*ocumentation +pdf files,, then clic! on -Programs .peration /anual,0 and then -1olume 2.0 3ou may find some material of particular benefit in these manuals in chapters 4 and 5, particularly chapter 5. %lso, -1olume 220 of the -Programs .peration /anual0 shows the data formats that were used to create the *ynamic *ata sheet used for this pro#ect. To perform stability analysis in PSS/E one will need two data files6 EX2_Stability sav6 This is the saved case that was used in the first parts of the pro#ect +fault analysis,7 however it has been slightly modified to directly represent the step-up transformers that follow a generator. 2n this more realistic case all three generators, still attached to buses ), 8, and ', produce power at )'.9 !1. The voltage is stepped-up to ):)!1 by a transformer. The high sides of the transformers are then attached to new buses )(), )(8, and )(' respectively. 2t is these buses that now go out to the networ!. There is no line between bus ) and bus )(), so you can -basically0 thin! of them as the same.

!"#$ro%e&t2 'yr6 This a dynamic data file that has machine data for all machines in the system. Each machine has ; < ' and speed damping < 8.

( Pre$aring for a stability run: Several actions need to be performed before the case is ready for a stability run. a .pen the new saved case +E=8>Stabiliy.sav,. .ne can access specific instructions for launching PSS/E by viewing the -PSSE>?ault>2ntro>2nstructions.doc0 file. b $ith the file open, clic! on the )a&*ines tab. @nder the column labeled X Sour&e ($u) input the =dA value for each of the three generators +use same value for each,. & Ne t, input the same negative and Bero seCuence values that you used in your fault analysis case +specifically D-Dero on the Eranches page,.

' Ne t, in order to perform stability analysis you need to convert the generators to Norton eCuivalents +constant current in#ections, and assign load characteristics to the loads. To do this, on the top menu go Powerflow+,onvert -oa's an' .enerators. The following dialog bo will be displayed6

Flic! the same options as done above. e Perform /010 +Powerflow+Solution+/r'er 2etwor3 for )atri4 /$erations,. This re-orders the buses for sparsity +reCuired because we converted the swing bus to a type P1 bus,. f Perform 5A,6 +Powerflow+Solution+5a&tori7e A'mittan&e )atri4,. This factoriBes the %-matri . g Perform 68S- +Powerflow+Solution+Solution for Swit&*ing Stu'ies ,. This performs what you might thin! of as an simplified load flow calculation +basically #ust an 2<31,. * Perform Save/S*ow on your converted case. .ive t*is &onverte' &ase a 'ifferent name t*an t*e save' &ase use' in t*e first $art of t*e $ro%e&t9 Now that you have this saved you shouldnAt need to perform this first set of instructions again. i ,lose out of PSS/E +this will ma!e sense in a second,. 2 Performing a base &ase stability run6 a To perform a stability run one must access the time-domain simulator environment using pssdsG. This is a completely different PSS/E program. To open pssdsG go Start+All Programs+PSSE 30 (+1yanmi&s30 ,:S6/) ($ss's!) b $e now need to open the converted saved case that was made earlier. To do this, clic! the -/-5 menu button. Then open the case via 5ile+/$en+(your &ase sav). & Now to go into dynamics mode +where weAll perform stability analysis, clic! the 5A,6/0602 menu button. ' "ead in the dynamic data sheet6 5ile+;n$ut+0ea' 1ynami&s )o'el 1ata (180E). @nder the *3"E heading clic! the Select button and locate the !"#$ro%e&t 'yr file. Heave the 8 other heading blan! and leave all the numbers to the right at ).

Enter 18,< into the Fommand line input. Perform the consistency chec! +I),, it should say -Fonsistency Fhec! .J,0 if not your .dyr file is incorrect. E it the activity. f $e ne t need to tell PSS/E which data to record. Flic! the ,<A2 menu button. The program responds with a number of options. ( Fhoose Angle 2 Program responds with -Enter bus number, mach 2* +used if there are more than ) generators at a bus +not our case,,, identifier.0 2n the bus number type ), in the machine 2* type ), and leave the identifier blan!. Perform this same tas! for buses 8 and '. $hen finished clic! 2o )ore 3 "epeat the above steps for output categories Pele&t, Eterm, and S$ee'. g Flic! the S606 menu button. This will perform the initial condition calculation. Program responds with -Enter channel output filename.0 Enter a filename with a -.out0 suffi . Program responds with -Enter snapshot filename.0 Enter a filename. * Flic! the 0:2 menu button. Program responds with a menu with user inputs for 0un to= Print Every= >rite Every= Plot Every. Enter (=0=(=0 respectively. This will run the simulation from ( to ) second, writing nothing to screen and writing every time step to the plotting file. This is now your base case simulation. Plotting instructions are at the bottom. i Enter S6/P in the FH2 to e it PSS/E 3 Performing a stability run6 ?or stability analysis the general approach is as follows6 o %pply a fault o "@N the simulation from time < ( until t < brea!ers open o Flear the fault and remove a line o "@N the simulation from t < brea!ers open until t < )( seconds a .pen pssdsG again and perform steps 8-a through 8-g. *. N.T "@N it yetK b Enter A-60 in the command line input +FH2,. This is the command to ma!e networ! changes. The step we are ta!ing here is to apply the fault. ;ere is the suggested seCuence6 ( %fter entering -%HT",0 program responds with -Enter change code.0 Enter ( for no more changes. 2 Program responds with -Networ! data changesL0 Enter ) for yes. 3 Program responds with -Pic! up new saved case.0 Enter ( for no. ! Program responds with -Enter change code.0 Enter ) for bus data. " Program responds with -Enter bus number.0 Enter )('. ? Program responds with -Fhange itL0 Enter 3. # Program responds with -Enter code, M, E.0 Enter ), (, NNNNNNNN. This puts a fault with a very large susceptance at the bus +effectively, putting a short-circuit at the bus,. @ Program responds with -Fhange itL0 Enter carriage return. A Program responds with -Enter load 2*.0 Enter -). (0 Program responds with -Enter bus number.0 Enter (. (( Program responds with -Enter change code.0 Enter ( to e it. & Enter 0:2 in FH2. Program responds with -Enter Tpause, NP"T, NPHT, F"TPHT.0 Enter Othe time it ta!es brea!ers to clear fault&, (, ), (

' Enter A-60. +Now you need to clear the fault and remove the line., ( Program responds with -Enter change code.0 Enter (. 2 Program responds with -Networ! data changes.0 Enter ) 3 Program responds with -Pic!up saved case.0 Enter (. ! Program responds with -Enter change code.0 Enter ) for bus data. " Program responds with -Enter bus number.0 Enter )('. ? Program responds with -Fhange itL0 Enter 3. # Program responds with -Enter change code, M, E.0 Enter ), (, (. @ Program responds with -Fhange itL0 Enter carriage return. A Program responds with -Enter load 2*.0 Enter -). (0 Program responds with -Enter bus number.0 Enter (. (( Program responds with -Enter change code.0 Enter -' for branch data. (2 Program responds with -Enter from bus, to bus, circuit 2*.0 Enter )(', )4 +This is if you want to remove the circuit from Parrot to Frow., (3 Program responds by giving the data for the indicated branch and then as!ing -Fhange itL0 Enter 3. (! Program responds by Cuerying for new data. Enter ( to toggle status from -in0 to -out.0 (" Program responds by giving the shunt data for the branch and then as!ing -Fhange itL0 Enter N. (? Program responds by as!ing to reverse the metered ends. Enter carriage return. (# Program responds with -Enter from bus, to bus, circuit 2*.0 Enter -). e Enter 0:2. Program responds with -Enter Tpause, NP"T, NPHT, F"TPHT.0 Enter )(, (, ), ( +this will simulate the system response for )( seconds,. f Enter S6/P. ! Plotting6 To plot your results found above you need to use yet another PSS/E program called PSSPHT. .ne can access this program by6 Start+All Programs+PSSE 30 (+$ss$lt This program #ust ta!es a bit of playing around with to get your results to be displayed in the way you want. 3our plot data will be in the .out file that you named above. 2 suggest using the menu commands. The basic ones are as follows6 ,<256 Selects the .out file S-,66 Selects the channels you want plotted P-/66 Self E planatory To plot relative angles, after you select the .out file, but before you select the channels go E'it+5:2,. This will open up another list of bulleted items. Select :ser 1efine' Arit*meti& 5un&tion and clic! o!. Ne t, youAll get a window prompting you to Enter %rithmetic ?unction. Enter ABC. Now when you select the channels the interface will be slightly different. Now youAll be able to ta!e one channel +%, and subtract from it another channel +E,.