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GENERAL PRINCIPLES BERNABE vs. ALEJO A VESTED RIGHT is defined as one whi h is a!so"#$e% o&'"e$e and #n ondi$iona"% $o $he e(e) ise of whi h no o!s$a "e e(is$s% and whi h is i&&edia$e and 'e)fe $ in i$se"f and no$ de'enden$ #'on a on$in*en +,Res'onden$ howe.e) on$ends $ha$ $he fi"in* of an a $ion fo) )e o*ni$ion is ')o ed#)a" in na$#)e and $ha$ as a *ene)a" )#"e% no .es$ed )i*h$ &a+ a$$a h $o /o)0 a)ise f)o& ')o ed#)a" "aws,SU1STANTIVE LA2 )ea$es SU1STANTIVE RIGHTS and $he $wo $e)&s in $his )es'e $ &a+ !e said $o !e s+non+&o#s, SU1STANTIVE RIGHTS is a $e)& whi h in "#des $hose )i*h$s whi h one en3o+s #nde) $he "e*a" s+s$e& ')io) $o $he dis$#)!an e of no)&a" )e"a$ions, SU1STANTIVE LA2 is $ha$ 'a)$ of $he "aw whi h )ea$es% defines and )e*#"a$es )i*h$s% o) whi h )e*#"a$es $he )i*h$s and d#$ies whi h *i.e )ise $o a a#se of a $ion4 $ha$ 'a)$ of $he "aw whi h o#)$s a)e es$a!"ished $o ad&inis$e)4 as o''osed $o ad3e $i.e o) )e&edia" "aw% whi h ')es )i!es $he &e$hod of enfo) in* )i*h$s o) o!$ains )ed)ess fo) $hei) in.asion, In de$e)&inin* whe$he) a )#"e ')es )i!ed !+ $he S#')e&e Co#)$% fo) $he ')a $i e and ')o ed#)e of $he "owe) o#)$s% a!)id*es% en"a)*es% o) &odifies an+ s#!s$an$i.e )i*h$% $he $es$ is whe$he) $he )#"e )ea""+ )e*#"a$es ')o ed#)e% $ha$ is% $he judicial process for enforcing rights and duties recognized by substantive law and fo) 3#s$"+ ad&inis$e)in* )e&ed+ and )ed)ess fo) a dis)e*a)d o) inf)a $ion of $he&, If $he )#"e $a5es awa+ a .es$ed )i*h$% i$ is no$ ')o ed#)a", If $he )#"e )ea$es a )i*h$ s# h as $he )i*h$ $o a''ea"% i$ &a+ !e "assified as a s#!s$an$i.e &a$$e)4 !#$ if it operates as a means of implementing an existing right then the rule deals merely with procedure. BERGONIA and CASTILLO vs. COURT OF APPEALS P)o ed#)a" )#"es a)e $oo"s desi*ned $o fa i"i$a$e $he ad3#di a$ion of ases, Co#)$s and "i$i*an$s a"i5e a)e% $h#s% en3oined $o a!ide s$)i $"+ !+ $he )#"es, And whi"e $he Co#)$% in so&e ins$an es% a""ows a )e"a(a$ion in $he a''"i a$ion of $he )#"es% $his was ne.e) in$ended $o fo)*e a !as$ion fo) e))in* "i$i*an$s $o .io"a$e $he )#"es wi$h i&'#ni$+, The "i!e)a"i$+ in $he in$e)')e$a$ion and a''"i a$ion of $he )#"es a''"ies on"+ in ')o'e) ases and #nde) 3#s$ifia!"e a#ses and i) #&s$an es, 2hi"e i$ is $)#e $ha$ "i$i*a$ion is no$ a *a&e of $e hni a"i$ies% i$ is e6#a""+ $)#e $ha$ e.e)+ ase &#s$ !e ')ose #$ed in a o)dan e wi$h $he ')es )i!ed ')o ed#)e $o ins#)e an o)de)"+ and s'eed+ ad&inis$)a$ion of 3#s$i e, The )i*h$ $o a''ea" is a s$a$#$o)+ )i*h$ and $he 'a)$+ who see5s $o a.ai" of $he sa&e &#s$ o&'"+ wi$h $he

)e6#i)e&en$s of $he R#"es, 7ai"in* $o do so% $he )i*h$ $o a''ea" is "os$, BPI vs. COURT OF APPEALS I$ is se$$"ed $ha$ "i!e)a" ons$)# $ion of $he )#"es &a+ !e in.o5ed in si$#a$ions whe)e $he)e &a+ !e some excusable o!mal de "c"enc# o! e!!o! "n a $lead"n% % ')o.ided $ha$ $he sa&e does no$ s#!.e)$ $he essen e of $he ')o eedin* and onno$es a& leas& a !easonable a&&em$& a& com$l"ance '"&( &(e !ules, Af$e) a""% )#"es of ')o ed#)e a)e no$ $o !e a''"ied in a .e)+ )i*id% $e hni a" sense4 $he+ a)e #sed on"+ $o he"' se #)e s#!s$an$ia" 3#s$i e, C)TC vs. B*AGIS INTERNATIONAL 2he)e s$)on* onside)a$ions of s#!s$an$i.e 3#s$i e a)e &anifes$ in $he 'e$i$ion% $he s$)i $ a''"i a$ion of $he )#"es of ')o ed#)e &a+ !e )e"a(ed% in $he e(e) ise of i$s e6#i$+ 3#)isdi $ion, Th#s% a )i*id a''"i a$ion of $he )#"es of ')o ed#)e wi"" no$ !e en$e)$ained if i$ wi"" o!s$)# $ )a$he) $han se).e $he !)oade) in$e)es$s of 3#s$i e in $he "i*h$ of $he ')e.ai"in* i) #&s$an es in $he ase #nde) onside)a$ion, The )#"e% whi h s$a$es $ha$ $he &is$a5es of o#nse" !inds $he "ien$% &a+ no$ !e s$)i $"+ fo""owed whe)e o!se).an e of i$ wo#"d )es#"$ in o#$)i*h$ de')i.a$ion of $he "ien$8s "i!e)$+ o) ')o'e)$+% o) whe)e $he in$e)es$ of 3#s$i e so )e6#i)es, In )ende)in* 3#s$i e% ')o ed#)a" infi)&i$ies $a5e a !a 5sea$ a*ains$ s#!s$an$i.e )i*h$s of "i$i*an$s, Co)o""a)i"+% if $he s$)i $ a''"i a$ion of $he )#"es wo#"d $end $o f)#s$)a$e )a$he) $han ')o&o$e 3#s$i e% $his Co#)$ is no$ wi$ho#$ 'owe) $o e(e) ise i$s 3#di ia" dis )e$ion in )e"a(in* $he )#"es of ')o ed#)e, JURIS+ICTION )A+RI,AN vs. )A+RI,AN 9:;!< of RA =>?@ )e.ea"s $ha$ fa&i"+ o#)$s a)e .es$ed wi$h o)i*ina" e( "#si.e 3#)isdi $ion in #s$od+ ases% no$ in ha!eas o)'#s ases, 2)i$s of ha!eas o)'#s whi h &a+ !e iss#ed e( "#si.e"+ !+ fa&i"+ o#)$s #nde) 9:;!< of RA =>?@ 'e)$ain $o $he an i""a)+ )e&ed+ $ha$ &a+ !e a.ai"ed of in on3#n $ion wi$h a 'e$i$ion fo) #s$od+ of &ino)s #nde) R#"e @@ of $he R#"es of Co#)$, The iss#an e of $he w)i$ is &e)e"+ an i""a)+ $o $he #s$od+ ase 'endin* !efo)e $he fa&i"+ o#)$, The w)i$ &#s$ !e iss#ed !+ $he sa&e o#)$ $o a.oid s'"i$$in* of 3#)isdi $ion% onf"i $in* de isions% in$e)fe)en e !+ a oAe6#a" o#)$ and 3#di ia" ins$a!i"i$+, 2hen !+ "aw 3#)isdi $ion is onfe))ed on a o#)$ o) 3#di ia" offi e)% a"" a#(i"ia)+ w)i$s% ')o esses and o$he) &eans ne essa)+ $o a))+ i$ in$o effe $ &a+ !e e&'"o+ed !+ s# h o#)$ o) offi e), On e a o#)$ a 6#i)es 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he s#!3e $ &a$$e) of a ase% i$ does so

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$o $he e( "#sion of a"" o$he) o#)$s% in "#din* )e"a$ed in iden$s and an i""a)+ &a$$e)s, CALLEJA vs. PAN+A-

&o$ion $o dis&iss% fo) o$he)wise% $he 6#es$ion of 3#)isdi $ion wo#"d a"&os$ en$i)e"+ de'end #'on $he defendan$, )EN+O.A vs. GER)INO

The ase "ea)"+ in.o".es an in$)aA o)'o)a$e dis'#$e, The o#)$ sho#"d ha.e !een awa)e $ha$ #nde) R,A, No, =C@@ $he RTCA1), := was ne.e) desi*na$ed as a S'e ia" Co&&e) ia" Co#)$, Hen e% i$ was ne.e) .es$ed wi$h 3#)isdi $ion o.e) ases ')e.io#s"+ o*niDa!"e !+ $he SEC, S# h !ein* $he ase% RTCA1), := did no$ ha.e $he )e6#isi$e a#$ho)i$+ o) 'owe) $o o)de) $he $)ansfe) of $he ase $o ano$he) !)an h of $he Re*iona" T)ia" Co#)$, The on"+ a $ion $ha$ RTCA1), := o#"d $a5e on $he &a$$e) was $o dis&iss $he 'e$i$ion fo) "a 5 of 3#)isdi $ion, The $)ia" o#)$% ha.in* no 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he s#!3e $ &a$$e) of $he o&'"ain$% sho#"d dis&iss $he sa&e so $he iss#es $he)ein o#"d !e e('edi$io#s"+ hea)d and )eso".ed !+ $he $)i!#na" whi h was "o$hed wi$h 3#)isdi $ion, REPUBLIC vs. BANTIGUE POINT The "a 5 of 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he s#!3e $ &a$$e) &a+ !e )aised a$ an+ s$a*e of $he ')o eedin*s, E#)isdi $ion o.e) $he s#!3e $ &a$$e) is onfe))ed on"+ !+ $he Cons$i$#$ion o) $he "aw, I$ anno$ !e a 6#i)ed $h)o#*h a wai.e) o) en"a)*ed !+ $he o&ission of $he 'a)$ies o) onfe))ed !+ $he a 6#ies en e of $he o#)$, Conse6#en$"+% 6#es$ions of 3#)isdi $ion &a+ !e o*niDa!"e e.en if )aised fo) $he fi)s$ $i&e on a''ea", An e( e'$ion $o $his )#"e is !ased on $he do $)ine of es$o''e" !+ "a hes% whi h ')o.ides $ha$% a 'a)$+ &a+ !e es$o''ed f)o& )aisin* s# h 3#)isdi $iona" 6#es$ion if he has a $i.e"+ $a5en 'a)$ in $he .e)+ ')o eedin* whi h he 6#es$ions% !e"a$ed"+ o!3e $in* $o $he o#)$8s 3#)isdi $ion in $he e.en$ $ha$ $he 3#d*&en$ o) o)de) s#!se6#en$"+ )ende)ed is ad.e)se $o hi&, +ELA CRU. vs. )O-A One of $he essen$ia" )e6#isi$es of a .a"id o#)$ ')o eedin* is $ha$ $he o#)$ hea)in* $he ase &#s$ ha.e 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he s#!3e $ &a$$e) of $he ase, If $he o#)$ is a $in* wi$ho#$ 3#)isdi $ion% $hen $he en$i)e ')o eedin*s a)e n#"" and .oid, E#)isdi $ion o.e) $he s#!3e $ &a$$e) is de$e)&ined !+ $he s$a$#$e in fo) e a$ $he $i&e of $he o&&en e&en$ of $he a $ion, And on e 3#)isdi $ion is .es$ed in $he o#)$% i$ is )e$ained #' $o $he end of $he "i$i*a$ion, BOLE-LE- vs. /ILLANUE/A E#)isdi $ion of $he o#)$ o.e) $he s#!3e $ &a$$e) of $he a $ion is de$e)&ined !+ $he a""e*a$ions of $he o&'"ain$% i))es'e $i.e of whe$he) o) no$ $he '"ain$iff is en$i$"ed $o )e o.e) #'on a"" o) so&e of $he "ai&s asse)$ed $he)ein, The 3#)isdi $ion of $he o#)$ anno$ !e &ade $o de'end #'on $he defenses se$ #' in $he answe) o) #'on $he

I$ is a !asi )#"e $ha$ 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he s#!3e $ &a$$e) is de$e)&ined !+ $he a""e*a$ions in $he o&'"ain$, I$ is de$e)&ined e( "#si.e"+ !+ $he Cons$i$#$ion and $he "aw, I$ anno$ !e onfe))ed !+ $he .o"#n$a)+ a $ o) a*)ee&en$ of $he 'a)$ies% o) a 6#i)ed $h)o#*h o) wai.ed% en"a)*ed o) di&inished !+ $hei) a $ o) o&ission% no) onfe))ed !+ $he a 6#ies en e of $he o#)$, I$ is nei$he) fo) $he o#)$ no) $he 'a)$ies $o .io"a$e o) dis)e*a)d $he )#"e% $his &a$$e) !ein* "e*is"a$i.e in ha)a $e), The a""e*a$ions of $enan + as an affi)&a$i.e andFo) s'e ia" defense in $he Answe)% does no$ a#$o&a$i a""+ di.es$ $he GTC of 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he o&'"ain$, I$ on$in#ed $o ha.e $he a#$ho)i$+ $o hea) $he ase ')e ise"+ $o de$e)&ine whe$he) i$ had 3#)isdi $ion $o dis'ose of $he e3e $&en$ s#i$ on i$s &e)i$s, Af$e) a""% 3#)isdi $ion is no$ affe $ed !+ $he '"eas o) $he $heo)ies se$ #' !+ $he defendan$ in an answe) o) a &o$ion $o dis&iss, O$he)wise% 3#)isdi $ion wo#"d !e o&e de'enden$ a"&os$ en$i)e"+ #'on $he whi&s of $he defendan$, SANTE and RE-NAL+O vs. *ON. CLARA/ALL The o&'"ain$ ')in i'a""+ so#*h$ an awa)d of &o)a" and e(e&'"a)+ da&a*es% as we"" as a$$o)ne+8s fees and "i$i*a$ion e('enses% fo) $he a""e*ed sha&e and in3#)+ s#ffe)ed !+ )es'onden$, I$ is se$$"ed $ha$ 3#)isdi $ion is onfe))ed !+ "aw !ased on $he fa $s a""e*ed in $he o&'"ain$ sin e $he "a$$e) o&')ises a on ise s$a$e&en$ of $he #"$i&a$e fa $s ons$i$#$in* $he '"ain$iff8s a#ses of a $ion, 1ased on $he a""e*a$ions of $he o&'"ain$% $he &ain a $ion is fo) da&a*es, Hen e% $he o$he) fo)&s of da&a*es !ein* "ai&ed ;e(e&'"a)+ da&a*es% a$$o)ne+8s fees and "i$i*a$ion e('enses< a)e no$ &e)e"+ in iden$a" $o o) onse6#en es of $he &ain a $ion !#$ ons$i$#$e $he ')i&a)+ )e"ief ')a+ed fo) in $he o&'"ain$, In ases whe)e $he "ai& fo) da&a*es is $he &ain a#se of a $ion% o) one of $he a#ses of a $ion% $he a&o#n$ of s# h "ai& sha"" !e onside)ed in de$e)&inin* $he 3#)isdi $ion of $he o#)$, BOSTON E0UIT- vs. COURT OF APPEALS The on e'$ of 3#)isdi $ion has se.e)a" as'e $s% na&e"+: ;1< 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he s#!3e $ &a$$e)4 ;B< 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he 'a)$ies4 ;>< 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he iss#es of $he ase4 and ;H< in ases in.o".in* ')o'e)$+% 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he res o) $he $hin* whi h is $he s#!3e $ of $he "i$i*a$ion,

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The as'e $ of 3#)isdi $ion whi h &a+ !e !a))ed f)o& !ein* assai"ed as a )es#"$ of es$o''e" !+ "a hes is 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he s#!3e $ &a$$e), The defense of "a 5 of 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he 'e)son of a 'a)$+ $o a ase is no$ one of $hose defenses whi h a)e no$ dee&ed wai.ed #nde) 91 of R#"e @% s# h defense &#s$ !e in.o5ed when an Answe) o) a Go$ion $o Dis&iss is fi"ed in o)de) $o ')e.en$ a wai.e) of $he defense, If $he o!3e $ion is no$ )aised ei$he) in a Go$ion $o Dis&iss o) in $he Answe)% $he o!3e $ion $o $he 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he 'e)son of $he '"ain$iff o) $he defendan$ is dee&ed wai.ed, PLANTERS +E/ELOP)ENT vs. C*AN+U)AL E#)isdi $ion o.e) a defendan$ in a i.i" ase is a 6#i)ed ei$he) $h)o#*h se).i e of s#&&ons o) $h)o#*h .o"#n$a)+ a''ea)an e in o#)$ and s#!&ission $o i$s a#$ho)i$+, If a defendan$ has no$ !een ')o'e)"+ s#&&oned% $he o#)$ a 6#i)es no 3#)isdi $ion o.e) i$s 'e)son% and a 3#d*&en$ )ende)ed a*ains$ i$ is n#"" and .oid, 2he)e $he a $ion is in personam and $he defendan$ is in $he Phi"i''ines% se).i e of s#&&ons &a+ !e &ade $h)o#*h 'e)sona" se).i e% $ha$ is% s#&&ons sha"" !e se).ed !+ handin* $o $he defendan$ in 'e)son a o'+ $he)eof% o) if he )ef#ses $o )e ei.e and si*n fo) i$% !+ $ende)in* i$ $o hi&, If $he defendan$ anno$ !e 'e)sona""+ se).ed wi$h s#&&ons wi$hin a )easona!"e $i&e% i$ is $hen $ha$ s#!s$i$#$ed se).i e &a+ !e &ade, Pe)sona" se).i e of s#&&ons sho#"d and a"wa+s !e $he fi)s$ o'$ion% and i$ is on"+ when $he said s#&&ons anno$ !e se).ed wi$hin a )easona!"e $i&e an $he ')o ess se).e) )eso)$ $o s#!s$i$#$ed se).i e, PLATINU) TOURS vs. PANLILIO E#)isdi $ion o.e) $he na$#)e of $he a $ion and s#!3e $ &a$$e) is onfe))ed !+ "aw, I$ is de$e)&ined !+ $he a""e*a$ions of $he o&'"ain$% i))es'e $i.e of whe$he) o) no$ $he '"ain$iff is en$i$"ed $o )e o.e) #'on a"" o) so&e of $he "ai&s asse)$ed $he)ein, E#)isdi $ion o.e) $he 'e)son of $he '"ain$iff is a 6#i)ed f)o& $he $i&e he fi"es his o&'"ain$4 whi"e 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he 'e)son of $he defendan$ is a 6#i)ed !+ his .o"#n$a)+ a''ea)an e in o#)$ and his s#!&ission $o i$s a#$ho)i$+% o) !+ $he oe) i.e 'owe) of "e*a" ')o esses e(e)$ed o.e) his 'e)son, Sin e 3#)isdi $ion is $he 'owe) $o hea) and de$e)&ine a 'a)$i #"a) ase% i$ does no$ de'end #'on $he )e*#"a)i$+ of $he e(e) ise !+ $he o#)$ of $ha$ 'owe) o) on $he o))e $ness of i$s de isions, 1JURIS+ICTION2 sho#"d !e dis$in*#ished f)o& $he 1E3ERCISE OF JURIS+ICTION.2 E#)isdi $ion )efe)s $o $he a#$ho)i$+ $o de ide a ase% no$ $he o)de)s o) $he de ision )ende)ed $he)ein, A o)din*"+% whe)e a o#)$

has 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he 'e)son and $he s#!3e $ &a$$e)% as in $he ins$an$ ase% $he de ision on a"" 6#es$ions a)isin* f)o& $he ase is !#$ an e(e) ise of s# h 3#)isdi $ion, An+ e))o) $ha$ $he o#)$ &a+ o&&i$ in $he e(e) ise of i$s 3#)isdi $ion is &e)e"+ an e))o) of 3#d*&en$ whi h does no$ affe $ i$s a#$ho)i$+ $o de ide $he ase% &# h "ess di.es$ $he o#)$ of $he 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he ase, +A/AO LIG*T vs. COURT OF APPEALS Ven#e and 3#)isdi $ion a)e en$i)e"+ dis$in $ &a$$e)s, JURIS+ICTION &a+ no$ !e onfe))ed !+ onsen$ o) wai.e) #'on a o#)$ whi h o$he)wise wo#"d ha.e no 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he s#!3e $A&a$$e) of an a $ion4 !#$ $he /ENUE of an a $ion as fi(ed !+ s$a$#$e &a+ !e han*ed !+ $he onsen$ of $he 'a)$ies and an o!3e $ion $ha$ $he '"ain$iff !)o#*h$ his s#i$ in $he w)on* o#n$+ &a+ !e wai.ed !+ $he fai"#)e of $he defendan$ $o &a5e a $i&e"+ o!3e $ion, In ei$he) ase% $he o#)$ &a+ )ende) a .a"id 3#d*&en$, R#"es as $o 3#)isdi $ion an ne.e) !e "ef$ $o $he onsen$ o) a*)ee&en$ of $he 'a)$ies% whe$he) o) no$ a ')ohi!i$ion e(is$s a*ains$ $hei) a"$e)a$ion, Ven#e of 'e)sona" a $ions a*ains$ a o)'o)a$ion sho#"d !e fi"ed in $he '"a e whe)e i$s ')in i'a" '"a e of !#siness is "o a$ed% as 'e) i$s a)$i "es of in o)'o)a$ion and !+A "aws, NOCU) vs. TAN I$ is e"e&en$a)+ $ha$ o!3e $ions $o .en#e in CIVIL ACTIONS a)isin* f)o& "i!e" &a+ !e wai.ed sin e $he+ do no$ in.o".e a 6#es$ion of 3#)isdi $ion, The "a+in* of .en#e is ')o ed#)a" )a$he) $han s#!s$an$i.e% )e"a$in* as i$ does $o 3#)isdi $ion of $he o#)$ o.e) $he 'e)son )a$he) $han $he s#!3e $ &a$$e), Ven#e )e"a$es $o $)ia" and no$ $o 3#)isdi $ion, I$ is a ')o ed#)a"% no$ a 3#)isdi $iona"% &a$$e), I$ )e"a$es $o $he '"a e of $)ia" o) *eo*)a'hi a" "o a$ion in whi h an a $ion o) ')o eedin* sho#"d !e !)o#*h$ and no$ $o $he 3#)isdi $ion of $he o#)$, I$ is &ean$ $o ')o.ide on.enien e $o $he 'a)$ies% )a$he) $han )es$)i $ $hei) a ess $o $he o#)$s as i$ )e"a$es $o $he '"a e of $)ia", In on$)as$% in )i&ina" a $ions% i$ is f#nda&en$a" $ha$ .en#e is 3#)isdi $iona" i$ !ein* an essen$ia" e"e&en$ of 3#)isdi $ion, )ANC*ESTER +E/4T vs. COURT OF APPEALS A"" o&'"ain$s% 'e$i$ions% answe)s and o$he) si&i"a) '"eadin*s sho#"d s'e if+ $he a&o#n$ of da&a*es !ein* ')a+ed fo) no$ on"+ in $he !od+ of $he '"eadin* !#$ a"so in $he ')a+e)% and said da&a*es sha"" !e onside)ed in $he assess&en$ of $he fi"in* fees in an+ ase, An+ '"eadin* $ha$ fai"s $o o&'"+ wi$h $his )e6#i)e&en$ sha"" no$ !e a e'$ed no) ad&i$$ed% o) sha"" o$he)wise !e e('#n*ed f)o& $he )e o)d,

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The Co#)$ a 6#i)es 3#)isdi $ion o.e) an+ ase on"+ #'on $he 'a+&en$ of $he ')es )i!ed do 5e$ fee, An a&end&en$ of $he o&'"ain$ o) si&i"a) '"eadin* wi"" no$ $he)e!+ .es$ 3#)isdi $ion in $he Co#)$% &# h "ess $he 'a+&en$ of $he do 5e$ fee !ased on $he a&o#n$s so#*h$ in $he a&ended '"eadin*, *O)E GUARANT- vs. R5II BUIL+ERS INC. E#)isdi $ion o.e) an+ ase is a 6#i)ed on"+ #'on $he 'a+&en$ of $he ')es )i!ed do 5e$ fee% $he )e6#i)e&en$ !ein* !o$h &anda$o)+ and 3#)isdi $iona", The ')in i'"e in Gan hes$e) ase and $he Ga*as'i ase i$ed $he)ein% ')o.ided $ha$ no "i!e)a" in$e)')e$a$ion o) )e"a(a$ion of )#"es wi"" !e a""owed when $he)e is in$en$ $o def)a#d $he *o.e)n&en$ and $ha$ $he o#)$ a 6#o did no$ a 6#i)e 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he ase and $ha$ $he a&ended o&'"ain$ o#"d no$ ha.e !een ad&i$$ed inas&# h as $he o)i*ina" o&'"ain$ was n#"" and .oid, SUN INSURANCE vs. ASUNCION P"ain"+% whi"e $he 'a+&en$ of ')es )i!ed do 5e$ fee is a 3#)isdi $iona" )e6#i)e&en$% e.en i$s nonA'a+&en$ a$ $he $i&e of fi"in* does no$ a#$o&a$i a""+ a#se $he dis&issa" of $he ase% as "on* as $he fee is 'aid wi$hin $he a''"i a!"e ')es )i'$i.e o) )e*"e&en$a)+ 'e)iod% &o)e so when $he 'a)$+ in.o".ed de&ons$)a$es a wi""in*ness $o a!ide !+ $he )#"es ')es )i!in* s# h 'a+&en$, Th#s% when ins#ffi ien$ fi"in* fees we)e ini$ia""+ 'aid !+ $he '"ain$iffs I $he)e was no in$en$ion $o def)a#d $he *o.e)n&en$% $he Gan hes$e) )#"e does no$ a''"+, Th#s% $he Co#)$ )#"es as fo""ows: 1, I$ is no$ si&'"+ $he fi"in* of $he o&'"ain$ o) a'')o')ia$e ini$ia$o)+ '"eadin*% !#$ $he 'a+&en$ of $he ')es )i!ed do 5e$ fee $ha$ .es$s a $)ia" o#)$ wi$h 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he s#!3e $ &a$$e) o) na$#)e of $he a $ion, 2he)e $he fi"in* of $he ini$ia$o)+ '"eadin* is no$ a o&'anied !+ 'a+&en$ of $he do 5e$ fee% $he o#)$ &a+ a""ow 'a+&en$ of $he fee wi$hin a )easona!"e $i&e !#$ in no ase !e+ond $he a''"i a!"e ')es )i'$i.e o) )e*"e&en$a)+ 'e)iod, B, The sa&e )#"e a''"ies $o 'e)&issi.e o#n$e) "ai&s% $hi)d 'a)$+ "ai&s and si&i"a) '"eadin*s% whi h sha"" no$ !e onside)ed fi"ed #n$i" and #n"ess $he fi"in* fee ')es )i!ed $he)efo) is 'aid, The o#)$ &a+ a"so a""ow 'a+&en$ of said fee wi$hin a )easona!"e $i&e !#$ a"so in no ase !e+ond i$s a''"i a!"e ')es )i'$i.e o) )e*"e&en$a)+ 'e)iod, >, 2he)e $he $)ia" o#)$ a 6#i)es 3#)isdi $ion o.e) a "ai& !+ $he fi"in* of $he a'')o')ia$e '"eadin* and 'a+&en$ of $he ')es )i!ed fi"in* fee 1UT% s#!se6#en$"+% $he 3#d*&en$ awa)ds a "ai& no$ s'e ified in $he '"eadin*% o) if s'e ified $he sa&e has !een "ef$ fo) de$e)&ina$ion !+ $he o#)$% $he addi$iona" fi"in* fee $he)efo) sha"" ons$i$#$e

a "ien on $he 3#d*&en$, I$ sha"" !e $he )es'onsi!i"i$+ of $he C"e)5 of Co#)$ o) his d#"+ a#$ho)iDed de'#$+ $o enfo) e said "ien and assess and o""e $ $he addi$iona" fee, )ETROBAN6 vs. PERE. A"$ho#*h $he 'a+&en$ of $he ')o'e) do 5e$ fees is a 3#)isdi $iona" )e6#i)e&en$% $he $)ia" o#)$ &a+ a""ow $he '"ain$iff in an a $ion $o 'a+ $he sa&e wi$hin a )easona!"e $i&e !efo)e $he e('i)a$ion of $he a''"i a!"e ')es )i'$i.e o) )e*"e&en$a)+ 'e)iod, If $he '"ain$iff fai"s $o o&'"+ wi$h $his )e6#i)e&en$% $he defendan$ sho#"d &"mel# !a"se $he iss#e of 3#)isdi $ion o) e"se he wo#"d !e onside)ed in es$o''e", In $he "a$$e) ase% $he !a"an e !e$ween $he a'')o')ia$e do 5e$ fees and $he a&o#n$ a $#a""+ 'aid !+ $he '"ain$iff wi"" !e onside)ed a "ien on an+ awa)d he &a+ o!$ain in his fa.o), Ge$)o!an5 )aised $he iss#e of 3#)isdi $ion on"+ !efo)e $he a''e""a$e o#)$ af$e) i$ and i$s oA'e$i$ione) 'a)$i i'a$ed in $he ')o eedin*s !efo)e $he $)ia" o#)$, 2hi"e "a 5 of 3#)isdi $ion &a+ !e )aised a$ an+ $i&e% a 'a)$+ &a+ !e he"d in es$o''e" if% as in $he ')esen$ ase% i$ has a $i.e"+ $a5en 'a)$ in $he ')o eedin*s !ein* 6#es$ioned, BG-. PIAPI vs. TALIP The na$#)e of an a $ion is no$ de$e)&ined !+ wha$ is s$a$ed in $he a'$ion of $he o&'"ain$ !#$ !+ $he a""e*a$ions of $he o&'"ain$ and $he )e"iefs ')a+ed fo), 2he)e $he #"$i&a$e o!3e $i.e is $o o!$ain $i$"e $o )ea" ')o'e)$+% i$ sho#"d !e fi"ed in $he ')o'e) o#)$ ha.in* 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he assessed .a"#e of $he ')o'e)$+ s#!3e $ $he)eof, PROTON PILIPINAS vs. BAN0UE NATIONALE The a&o#n$ of an+ "ai& fo) da&a*es% a)isin* on o) !efo)e $he fi"in* of $he o&'"ain$ o) an+ '"eadin* sho#"d !e s'e ified, 2hi"e i$ is $)#e $ha$ $he de$e)&ina$ion of e)$ain da&a*es as e(e&'"a)+ o) o))e $i.e da&a*es is "ef$ $o $he so#nd dis )e$ion of $he o#)$% i$ is $he d#$+ of $he 'a)$ies "ai&in* s# h da&a*es $o s'e if+ $he a&o#n$ so#*h$ on $he !asis of whi h $he o#)$ &a+ &a5e a ')o'e) de$e)&ina$ion% and fo) $he ')o'e) assess&en$ of $he a'')o')ia$e do 5e$ fees, The e( e'$ion on$e&'"a$ed as $o "ai&s no$ s'e ified o) $o "ai&s a"$ho#*h s'e ified a)e "ef$ fo) de$e)&ina$ion of $he o#)$ is "i&i$ed on"+ $o an+ da&a*es $ha$ &a+ a)ise af$e) $he fi"in* of $he o&'"ain$ o) si&i"a) '"eadin* fo) $hen i$ wi"" no$ !e 'ossi!"e fo) $he "ai&an$ $o s'e if+ no) s'e #"a$e as $o $he a&o#n$ $he)eof, SPS. +E LEON vs. COURT OF APPEALS In de$e)&inin* whe$he) an a $ion is one $he s#!3e $ &a$$e) of whi h is no$ a'a!"e of 'e #nia)+ es$i&a$ion% $he Co#)$ has ado'$ed $he )i$e)ion of fi)s$ as e)$ainin* $he na$#)e of $he ')in i'a" a $ion o) )e&ed+ so#*h$, If i$ is

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')i&a)i"+ fo) $he )e o.e)+ of a s#& of &one+% $he "ai& is onside)ed a'a!"e of 'e #nia)+ es$i&a$ion% and whe$he) 3#)isdi $ion is in $he &#ni i'a" o#)$s o) in $he o#)$s of fi)s$ ins$an e wo#"d de'end on $he a&o#n$ of $he "ai&, Howe.e)% whe)e $he !asi iss#e is so&e$hin* o$he) $han $he )i*h$ $o )e o.e) a s#& of &one+% o) whe)e $he &one+ "ai& is '#)e"+ in iden$a" $o% o) a onse6#en e of% $he ')in i'a" )e"ief so#*h$% "i5e in s#i$s $o ha.e $he defendan$ 'e)fo)& his 'a)$ of $he on$)a $ ;s'e ifi 'e)fo)&an e< and in a $ions fo) s#''o)$% o) fo) ann#"&en$ of a 3#d*&en$ o) $o fo)e "ose a &o)$*a*e% $he Co#)$ has onside)ed s# h a $ions as ases whe)e $he s#!3e $ of $he "i$i*a$ion &a+ no$ !e es$i&a$ed in $e)&s of &one+% and a)e o*niDa!"e e( "#si.e"+ !+ o#)$s of fi)s$ ins$an e, The )a$iona"e of $he )#"e is '"ain"+ $ha$ $he se ond "ass ases% !esides $he de$e)&ina$ion of da&a*es% de&and an in6#i)+ in$o o$he) fa $o)s whi h $he "aw has dee&ed $o !e &o)e wi$hin $he o&'e$en e of o#)$s of fi)s$ ins$an e% whi h we)e $he "owes$ o#)$s of )e o)d a$ $he $i&e $ha$ $he fi)s$ o)*ani "aws of $he E#di ia)+ we)e ena $ed a""o a$in* 3#)isdi $ion An a $ion fo) )es ission of on$)a $ is one whi h anno$ !e es$i&a$ed, Th#s% a"$ho#*h e.en$#a""+ $he )es#"$ &a+ !e $he )e o.e)+ of "and% i$ is $he na$#)e of $he a $ion as one fo) )es ission of on$)a $ whi h is on$)o""in*, TO6IO )ARINE vs. /AL+E. The *#ide"ines fo) de$e)&inin* whe$he) a 'a)$+ 6#a"ifies as an indi*en$ "i$i*an$ a)e ')o.ided fo) in 91@% R#"e 1H1% : of $he Re.ised R#"es of Co#)$, To !e en$i$"ed $o $he e(e&'$ion he)ein ')o.ided% $he "i$i*an$ sha"" e(e #$e an affida.i$ $ha$ he and his i&&edia$e fa&i"+ do no$ ea)n a *)oss in o&e a!o.e&en$ioned no) $he+ own an+ )ea" ')o'e)$+ wi$h $he fai) .a"#e afo)e&en$ioned% s#''o)$ed !+ an affida.i$ of a disin$e)es$ed 'e)son a$$es$in* $o $he $)#$h of $he "i$i*an$Js affida.i$, The #))en$ $a( de "a)a$ion% if an+% sha"" !e a$$a hed $o $he "i$i*an$Js affida.i$, An+ 7ALSITK in $he affida.i$ of $he "i$i*an$ o) disin$e)es$ed 'e)son sha"" !e s#ffi ien$ CAUSE TO DISGISS THE COGPLAINT o) a $ion o) $o s$)i5e o#$ $he '"eadin* of $ha$ 'a)$+% wi$ho#$ ')e3#di e $o wha$e.e) )i&ina" "ia!i"i$+ &a+ ha.e !een in #))ed, LU vs. LU ;A''"ied $he Gan hes$e) R#"in*< I$ is "ea) $ha$ a no$i e of lis pendens is a.ai"ed of &ain"+ in )ea" a $ions, Hen e% when Da.id% e$ a",% so#*h$ $he anno$a$ion of no$i es of lis pendens on $he $i$"es of LLDC% $he+ a 5now"ed*ed $ha$ $he o&'"ain$ $he+ had fi"ed affe $ed a $i$"e $o o) a )i*h$ $o 'ossession of )ea" ')o'e)$ies, A$ $he .e)+ "eas$% $he+ &#s$ ha.e !een f#""+ awa)e $ha$ $he do 5e$ fees wo#"d !e !ased on $he .a"#e of $he )ea"$ies in.o".ed, Thei) si"en e o) ina $ion $o 'oin$

$his o#$ $o $he C"e)5 of Co#)$ who o&'#$ed $hei) do 5e$ fees% $he)efo)e% !e o&es hi*h"+ s#s'e $% and $h#s% s#ffi ien$ fo) $he Co#)$ $o on "#de $ha$ $he+ ha.e )ossed !e+ond $he $h)esho"d of *ood fai$h and in$o $he a)ea of f)a#d, The)e was an effo)$ $o def)a#d $he *o.e)n&en$ in a.oidin* $o 'a+ $he o))e $ do 5e$ fees, Conse6#en$"+% $he $)ia" o#)$ did no$ a 6#i)e 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he ase, SPS. GO vs. TONG ;A''"ied S#n Ins#)an e R#"in*< As a )#"e% do 5e$ fees sho#"d !e 'aid #'on $he fi"in* of $he ini$ia$o)+ '"eadin*s, Howe.e)% fo) o*en$ )easons $o !e de$e)&ined !+ $he $)ia" 3#d*e% s$a**e)ed 'a+&en$ $he)eof wi$hin a )easona!"e 'e)iod &a+ !e a""owed, Un"ess *)a.e a!#se of dis )e$ion is de&ons$)a$ed% $he dis )e$ion of $he $)ia" 3#d*e in *)an$in* s$a**e)ed 'a+&en$ sha"" no$ !e dis$#)!ed, PACIFIC ACE vs. EIJI -ANAGISA7A In ases of on #))en$ 3#)isdi $ion% i$ is a(io&a$i $ha$ $he o#)$ fi)s$ a 6#i)in* 3#)isdi $ion e( "#des $he o$he) o#)$s, 2hen a o#)$ of o&'e$en$ 3#)isdi $ion a 6#i)es 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he s#!3e $ &a$$e) of a ase% i$s a#$ho)i$+ on$in#es% s#!3e $ on"+ $o $he a''e""a$e a#$ho)i$+% #n$i" $he &a$$e) is fina""+ and o&'"e$e"+ dis'osed of% and $ha$ no o#)$ of oAo)dina$e a#$ho)i$+ is a$ "i!e)$+ $o in$e)fe)e wi$h i$s a $ion, The ')in i'"e is essen$ia" $o $he ')o'e) and o)de)"+ ad&inis$)a$ion of $he "aws4 and whi"e i$s o!se).an e &i*h$ !e )e6#i)ed on $he *)o#nds of 3#di ia" o&i$+ and o#)$es+% i$ does no$ )es$ #'on s# h onside)a$ions e( "#si.e"+% !#$ is enfo) ed $o ')e.en$ #nsee&"+% e('ensi.e% and dan*e)o#s onf"i $s of 3#)isdi $ion and of $he ')o ess, The o&&i$&en$ no$ $o dis'ose of o) en #&!e) $he ')o'e)$+% is a5in $o an in3#n $ion o)de) a*ains$ $he dis'osi$ion o) en #&!)an e of $he ')o'e)$+, E#)is')#den e ho"ds $ha$ a"" a $s done in .io"a$ion of a s$andin* in3#n $ion o)de) a)e .oida!"e as $o $he 'a)$+ en3oined and $hi)d 'a)$ies who a)e no$ in *ood fai$h, An in3#n $ion o) )es$)ainin* o)de) &#s$ !e o!e+ed whi"e i$ )e&ains in f#"" fo) e and effe $ #n$i" $he in3#n $ion o) )es$)ainin* o)de) has !een se$ aside% .a a$ed% o) &odified !+ $he o#)$ whi h *)an$ed i$% o) #n$i" $he o)de) o) de )ee awa)din* i$ has !een )e.e)sed on a''ea", The in3#n $ion &#s$ !e o!e+ed i))es'e $i.e of $he #"$i&a$e .a"idi$+ of $he o)de)% and no &a$$e) how #n)easona!"e and #n3#s$ $he in3#n $ion &a+ !e in i$s $e)&s, /+A. +E BALLESTEROS vs. RURAL BAN6 OF CANA)AN The Co#)$ )e o*niDes $he do $)ine on adhe)en e of 3#)isdi $ion, Howe.e)% $he )#"e on adhe)en e of

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3#)isdi $ion is no$ a!so"#$e and has e( e'$ions, One of $he e( e'$ions is $ha$ when $he han*e in 3#)isdi $ion is #)a$i.e in ha)a $e), 9>L of R,A, C?:> is #)a$i.e in ha)a $e) when i$ de "a)ed $ha$ $he "i6#ida$ion o#)$ sha"" ha.e 3#)isdi $ion in $he sa&e ')o eedin*s $o assis$ in $he ad3#di a$ion of $he dis'#$ed "ai&s a*ains$ $he 1an5, UNION BAN6 vs. CONCEPCION On e 3#)isdi $ion a$$a hes% $he o#)$ anno$ !e o#s$ed f)o& $he ase !+ an+ s#!se6#en$ e.en$s% s# h as a new "e*is"a$ion '"a in* s# h ')o eedin*s #nde) $he 3#)isdi $ion of ano$he) !od+, The on"+ )e o*niDed e( e'$ions $o $he )#"e a)ise when $he s$a$#$e e(')ess"+ so ')o.ides o) when $he s$a$#$e is "ea)"+ in$ended $o a''"+ $o a $ions 'endin* !efo)e i$s ena $&en$, LAN+ BAN6 vs. SPOUSES ORILLA A .oid 3#d*&en$ is no$ en$i$"ed $o $he )es'e $ a o)ded $o a .a"id 3#d*&en$% !#$ &a+ !e en$i)e"+ dis)e*a)ded o) de "a)ed ino'e)a$i.e !+ an+ $)i!#na" in whi h effe $ is so#*h$ $o !e *i.en $o i$, I$ is a$$ended !+ none of $he onse6#en es of a .a"id ad3#di a$ion, I$ has no "e*a" o) !indin* effe $ o) effi a + fo) an+ '#)'ose o) a$ an+ '"a e, I$ anno$ affe $% i&'ai) o) )ea$e )i*h$s, I$ is no$ en$i$"ed $o enfo) e&en$ and is% o)dina)i"+% no ')o$e $ion $o $hose who see5 $o enfo) e, A"" ')o eedin*s fo#nded on $he .oid 3#d*&en$ a)e $he&se".es )e*a)ded as in.a"id, In o$he) wo)ds% a .oid 3#d*&en$ is )e*a)ded as a n#""i$+% and $he si$#a$ion is $he sa&e as i$ wo#"d !e if $he)e we)e no 3#d*&en$s, I$% a o)din*"+% "ea.es $he 'a)$ies "i$i*an$s in $he sa&e 'osi$ion $he+ we)e in !efo)e $he $)ia", PA+RE vs. BA+ILLO A de ision of $he o#)$ wi$ho#$ 3#)isdi $ion is n#"" and .oid, Hen e% i$ o#"d ne.e) "o*i a""+ !e o&e fina" and e(e #$o)+, S# h a 3#d*&en$ &a+ !e a$$a 5ed di)e $"+ o) o""a$e)a""+, TIJA) vs. SIBONG*ANOA 'a)$+ anno$ in.o5e $he 3#)isdi $ion of a o#)$ $o s#)e affi)&a$i.e )e"ief a*ains$ his o''onen$ and% af$e) o!$ainin* o) fai"in* $o o!$ain s# h )e"ief% )e'#dia$e o) 6#es$ion $ha$ sa&e 3#)isdi $ion4 s# h ')a $i e anno$ !e $o"e)a$ed fo) )easons of '#!"i 'o"i +, The do $)ine of "a hes o) of Ms$a"e de&andsM is !ased #'on *)o#nds of '#!"i 'o"i + whi h )e6#i)es% fo) $he 'ea e of so ie$+% $he dis o#)a*e&en$ of s$a"e "ai&s and% #n"i5e $he s$a$#$e of "i&i$a$ions% is no$ a &e)e 6#es$ion of $i&e !#$ is ')in i'a""+ a 6#es$ion of $he ine6#i$+ o) #nfai)ness of 'e)&i$$in* a )i*h$ o) "ai& $o !e enfo) ed o) asse)$ed, PAL vs. 6URANG6ING

The )eason fo) s#s'endin* a $ions fo) "ai&s a*ains$ $he o)'o)a$ion sho#"d no$ !e diffi #"$ $o dis o.e), I$ is no$ )ea""+ $o ena!"e $he &ana*e&en$ o&&i$$ee o) $he )eha!i"i$a$ion )e ei.e) $o s#!s$i$#$e $he defendan$ in an+ 'endin* a $ion a*ains$ i$ !efo)e an+ o#)$% $)i!#na"% !oa)d o) !od+, O!.io#s"+% $he )ea" 3#s$ifi a$ion is $o ena!"e $he &ana*e&en$ o&&i$$ee o) )eha!i"i$a$ion )e ei.e) $o effe $i.e"+ e(e) ise i$sFhis 'owe)s f)ee f)o& an+ 3#di ia" o) e($)aA3#di ia" in$e)fe)en e $ha$ &i*h$ #nd#"+ hinde) o) ')e.en$ $he N)es #e8 of $he de!$o) o&'an+, To a""ow s# h o$he) a $ion $o on$in#e wo#"d on"+ add $o $he !#)den of $he &ana*e&en$ o&&i$$ee o) )eha!i"i$a$ion )e ei.e)% whose $i&e% effo)$ and )eso#) es wo#"d !e was$ed in defendin* "ai&s a*ains$ $he o)'o)a$ion ins$ead of !ein* di)e $ed $owa)d i$s )es$)# $#)in* and )eha!i"i$a$ion, )EN+O.A vs. /ILLAS The on #))en e of 3#)isdi $ion is no$% howe.e)% $o !e $a5en as a o)din* $o 'a)$ies see5in* an+ of $he w)i$s an a!so"#$e% #n)es$)ained f)eedo& of hoi e of $he o#)$ $o whi h a''"i a$ion $he)efo) wi"" !e di)e $ed, The)e is af$e) a"" a hie)a) h+ of o#)$s, Tha$ hie)a) h+ is de$e)&ina$i.e of $he .en#e of a''ea"s% and a"so se).es as a *ene)a" de$e)&inan$ of $he a'')o')ia$e fo)#& fo) 'e$i$ions fo) $he e($)ao)dina)+ w)i$s, A !e o&in* )e*a)d fo) $ha$ 3#di ia" hie)a) h+ &os$ e)$ain"+ indi a$es $ha$ 'e$i$ions fo) $he iss#an e of e($)ao)dina)+ w)i$s a*ains$ fi)s$ "e.e" ;infe)io)-< o#)$s sho#"d !e fi"ed wi$h $he RTC% and $hose a*ains$ $he "a$$e)% wi$h $he CA, A di)e $ in.o a$ion of $he SC8s o)i*ina" 3#)isdi $ion $o iss#e $hese w)i$s sho#"d !e a""owed on"+ when $he)e a)e s'e ia" and i&'o)$an$ )easons $he)efo)% "ea)"+ and s'e ifi a""+ se$ o#$ in $he 'e$i$ion, This is an es$a!"ished 'o"i +, I$ is a 'o"i + ne essa)+ $o ')e.en$ ino)dina$e de&ands #'on $he Co#)$8s $i&e and a$$en$ion whi h a)e !e$$e) de.o$ed $o $hose &a$$e)s wi$hin i$s e( "#si.e 3#)isdi $ion% and $o ')e.en$ f#)$he) o.e)A )owdin* of $he Co#)$8s do 5e$, Unde) $he ')in i'"e of $he hie)a) h+ of o#)$s% de isions% fina" o)de)s o) )eso"#$ions of an GTC sho#"d !e a''ea"ed $o $he RTC e(e) isin* $e))i$o)ia" 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he fo)&e), On $he o$he) hand% RTC 3#d*&en$s% fina" o)de)s o) )eso"#$ions a)e a''ea"a!"e $o $he CA $h)o#*h ei$he) of $he fo""owin*: an o)dina)+ a''ea" if $he ase was o)i*ina""+ de ided !+ $he RTC4 o) a 'e$i$ion fo) )e.iew #nde) R#"e HB% if $he ase was de ided #nde) $he RTCJs a''e""a$e 3#)isdi $ion, None$he"ess% a di)e $ )e o#)se $o $his Co#)$ an !e $a5en fo) a )e.iew of $he de isions% fina" o)de)s o) )eso"#$ions of $he RTC% !#$ on"+ on 6#es$ions of "aw ;R#"e H:<, REPUBLIC vs. CAGUIOA The ')in i'"e of hie)a) h+ of o#)$s does indeed )e6#i)e $ha$ )e o#)ses sho#"d !e &ade $o $he "owe) o#)$s

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!efo)e $he+ a)e &ade $o $he hi*he) o#)$s, Howe.e)% $he ')in i'"e is no$ an a!so"#$e )#"e and ad&i$s of e( e'$ions #nde) we""Adefined i) #&s$an es, In se.e)a" ases% $he Co#)$ ha.e a""owed di)e $ in.o a$ion of $he Co#)$8s o)i*ina" 3#)isdi $ion $o iss#e w)i$s of e)$io)a)i on $he *)o#nd of s'e ia" and i&'o)$an$ )easons "ea)"+ s$a$ed in $he 'e$i$ion4 when di $a$ed !+ '#!"i we"fa)e and $he ad.an e&en$ of '#!"i 'o"i +4 when de&anded !+ $he !)oade) in$e)es$ of 3#s$i e4 when $he ha""en*ed o)de)s we)e 'a$en$ n#""i$ies4 o) when ana"o*o#s e( e'$iona" and o&'e""in* i) #&s$an es a""ed fo) and 3#s$ified o#) i&&edia$e and di)e $ hand"in* of $he ase, RULE 89 GENERAL PRO/ISIONS RE+E,A vs. COURT OF APPEALS The Co#)$ has of$en s$)essed $ha$ )#"es of ')o ed#)e a)e &e)e"+ $oo"s desi*ned $o fa i"i$a$e $he a$$ain&en$ of 3#s$i e, Th#s% if $he a''"i a$ion of $he R#"es wo#"d $end $o f)#s$)a$e )a$he) $han ')o&o$e 3#s$i e% i$ is a"wa+s wi$hin $he Co#)$8s 'owe) $o s#s'end $he )#"es o) e( e'$ a 'a)$i #"a) ase f)o& i$s o'e)a$ion, The R#"es i$se"f e(')ess"+ s$a$es in 9B of R#"e 1 $ha$ $he )#"es sha"" !e "i!e)a""+ ons$)#ed in o)de) $o ')o&o$e $hei) o!3e $ and $o assis$ $he 'a)$ies in o!$ainin* 3#s$% s'eed+ and ine('ensi.e de$e)&ina$ion of e.e)+ a $ion and ')o eedin*, The)efo)e% Co#)$s no$ on"+ ha.e $he 'owe) !#$ $he d#$+ $o ons$)#e and a''"+ $e hni a" )#"es "i!e)a""+ in fa.o) of s#!s$an$i.e "aw and s#!s$an$ia" 3#s$i e, 7#)$he)&o)e% $he Co#)$ has $he 'owe) no$ on"+ $o "i!e)a""+ ons$)#e $he )#"es% !#$ a"so $o s#s'end $he&% in fa.o) of s#!s$an$i.e "aw o) s#!s$an$ia" )i*h$s, Howe.e)% i$ is e6#a""+ se$$"ed $ha$ $he Co#)$8s 'owe) $o "i!e)a""+ ons$)#e and e.en $o s#s'end $he )#"es% ')es#''oses $he e(is$en e of s#!s$an$ia" )i*h$s in fa.o) of whi h% $he s$)i $ a''"i a$ion of $e hni a" )#"es &#s$ on ede, Ad&i$$ed"+% $his Co#)$ has )e"a(ed $he )#"e on $he !indin* effe $ of o#nse"8s ne*"i*en e and a""owed a "i$i*an$ ano$he) han e $o ')esen$ his ase ;1< whe)e $he )e 5"ess o) *)oss ne*"i*en e of o#nse" de')i.es $he "ien$ of d#e ')o ess of "aw4 ;B< when a''"i a$ion of $he )#"e wi"" )es#"$ in o#$)i*h$ de')i.a$ion of $he "ien$8s "i!e)$+ o) ')o'e)$+4 o) ;>< whe)e $he in$e)es$s of 3#s$i e so )e6#i)e, None of $hese e( e'$ions o!$ains he)e, The )e"ief affo)ded !+ R#"e >= wi"" no$ !e *)an$ed $o a 'a)$+ who see5s $o !e )e"ie.ed f)o& $he effe $s of $he 3#d*&en$ when $he "oss of $he )e&ed+ of "aw was d#e $o his own ne*"i*en e% o) a &is$a5en &ode of ')o ed#)e fo) $ha$ &a$$e)4 o$he)wise% $he 'e$i$ion fo) )e"ief wi"" !e $an$a&o#n$ $o )e.i.in* $he )i*h$ of a''ea" whi h has a")ead+ !een "os$% ei$he) !e a#se of ine( #sa!"e ne*"i*en e o) d#e $o a &is$a5e of ')o ed#)e !+ o#nse", The R#"es a""ow a 'e$i$ion fo) )e"ief on"+ when $he)e is no

o$he) a.ai"a!"e )e&ed+% and no$ when "i$i*an$s "ose a )e&ed+ !+ ne*"i*en e, /+A. +E /ICTORIA vs. COURT OF APPEALS I$ has !een said $ha$ "i$i*a$ion is no$ a *a&e of $e hni a"i$ies% $ha$ e.e)+ ase &#s$ !e ')ose #$ed in a o)dan e wi$h $he ')es )i!ed ')o ed#)e so $ha$ iss#es &a+ !e ')o'e)"+ ')esen$ed and 3#s$"+ )eso".ed% !#$ $his does no$ &ean $ha$ ')o ed#)a" )#"es &a+ a"$o*e$he) !e dis)e*a)ded, R#"es of ')o ed#)e &#s$ !e fai$hf#""+ fo""owed e( e'$ on"+ when% fo) 'e)s#asi.e )easons% $he+ &a+ !e )e"a(ed $o )e"ie.e a "i$i*an$ of an in3#s$i e o&&ens#)a$e wi$h his fai"#)e $o o&'"+ wi$h $he ')es )i!ed ')o ed#)e, Con o&i$an$ $o a "i!e)a" a''"i a$ion of $he )#"es of ')o ed#)e sho#"d !e an effo)$ on $he 'a)$ of $he 'a)$+ in.o5in* "i!e)a"i$+ $o ade6#a$e"+ e('"ain his fai"#)e $o a!ide !+ $he )#"es, *ERNAN+E. vs. RURAL BAN6 OF LUCENA The a $ion is ')i&a)i"+ $o o&'e" $he &o)$*a*ee $o a e'$ 'a+&en$ of $he &o)$*a*e de!$ and $o )e"ease $he &o)$*a*e, Hen e% $he .en#e of '"ain$iffsJ 'e)sona" a $ion is $he '"a e whe)e $he defendan$ o) an+ of $he defendan$s )esides o) &a+ !e fo#nd% o) whe)e $he '"ain$iff o) an+ of $he '"ain$iffs )esides% a$ $he e"e $ion of $he '"ain$iff The fa $ $he inso".en$ !an5 is fo)!idden $o do !#siness% $ha$ i$s asse$s a)e $#)n o.e) $o $he S#'e)in$enden$ of 1an5s% as a )e ei.e)% fo) on.e)sa$ion in$o ash% and $ha$ i$s "i6#ida$ion is #nde)$a5en wi$h 3#di ia" in$e).en$ion &eans $ha$% as fa) as "awf#" and ')a $i a!"e% a"" "ai&s a*ains$ $he inso".en$ !an5 and $ha$ $he "i6#ida$ion o#)$ sho#"d !e fi"ed in $he "i6#ida$ion ')o eedin*, S#i$s !)o#*h$ a*ains$ a !an5 af$e) $he iss#an e of a no$i e $ha$ $he finan e o&&issione) has $a5en 'ossession of $he !an5 sho#"d !e dis&issed o) a)e !a))ed fo) wan$ of 3#)isdi $ion, )U,O. vs. ATT-. -ABUT ;head s'inne) aseOOO< The )#"e is $ha$: ;1< a 3#d*&en$ in rem is !indin* #'on $he who"e wo)"d% s# h as a 3#d*&en$ in a "and )e*is$)a$ion ase o) ')o!a$e of a wi""4 and ;B< a 3#d*&en$ in personam is !indin* #'on $he 'a)$ies and $hei) s# esso)sAinAin$e)es$ !#$ no$ #'on s$)an*e)s, A 3#d*&en$ di)e $in* a 'a)$+ $o de"i.e) 'ossession of a ')o'e)$+ $o ano$he) is in personam4 i$ is !indin* on"+ a*ains$ $he 'a)$ies and $hei) s# esso)sAinAin$e)es$ !+ $i$"e s#!se6#en$ $o $he o&&en e&en$ of $he a $ion, An a $ion fo) de "a)a$ion of n#""i$+ of $i$"e and )e o.e)+ of owne)shi' of )ea" ')o'e)$+% o) )eA on.e+an e% is a )ea" a $ion !#$ i$ is an a $ion in personam% fo) i$ !inds a 'a)$i #"a) indi.id#a" on"+ a"$ho#*h i$ on e)ns $he )i*h$ $o

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a $an*i!"e $hin*, An+ 3#d*&en$ $he)ein is !indin* on"+ #'on $he 'a)$ies ')o'e)"+ i&'"eaded, A s#i$ fo) in3#n $ion 'a)$a5es of an a $ion in personam, The ai& and o!3e $ of an a $ion de$e)&ine i$s ha)a $e), 2he$he) a ')o eedin* is in rem% o) in personam% o) 6#asi in rem fo) $ha$ &a$$e)% is de$e)&ined !+ i$s na$#)e and '#)'ose% and !+ $hese on"+, A ')o eedin* in personam is a ')o eedin* $o enfo) e 'e)sona" )i*h$s and o!"i*a$ions !)o#*h$ a*ains$ $he 'e)son and is !ased on $he 3#)isdi $ion of $he 'e)son% a"$ho#*h i$ &a+ in.o".e his )i*h$ $o% o) $he e(e) ise of owne)shi' of% s'e ifi ')o'e)$+% o) see5 $o o&'e" hi& $o on$)o" o) dis'ose of i$ in a o)dan e wi$h $he &anda$e of $he o#)$, The $u!$ose o a $!oceed"n% in personam is $o i&'ose% $h)o#*h $he 3#d*&en$ of a o#)$% so&e )es'onsi!i"i$+ o) "ia!i"i$+ di)e $"+ #'on $he 'e)son of $he defendan$, Of $his ha)a $e) a)e s#i$s $o o&'e" a defendan$ $o s'e ifi a""+ 'e)fo)& so&e a $ o) a $ions $o fas$en a 'e #nia)+ "ia!i"i$+ on hi&, An ac&"on in personam is said $o !e one whi h has fo) i$s ob:ec& a 3#d*&en$ a*ains$ $he 'e)son% as dis$in*#ished f)o& a 3#d*&en$ a*ains$ $he ')o')ie$+ $o de$e)&ine i$s s$a$e, I$ has !een he"d $ha$ an a $ion in personam is a ')o eedin* $o enfo) e 'e)sona" )i*h$s o) o!"i*a$ions4 s# h a $ion is !)o#*h$ a*ains$ $he 'e)son, As fa) as s#i$s fo) in3#n $i.e )e"ief a)e on e)ned% i$ is we""Ase$$"ed $ha$ i$ is an in3#n $i.e a $ in personam, 7#)$he)&o)e% ')o eedin*s $o enfo) e 'e)sona" )i*h$s and o!"i*a$ions and in whi h 'e)sona" 3#d*&en$s a)e )ende)ed ad3#s$in* $he )i*h$s and o!"i*a$ions !e$ween $he affe $ed 'a)$ies is in personam, A $ions fo) )e o.e)+ of )ea" ')o'e)$+ a)e in personam,GO vs. UCPB The a $ion fo) an e""a$ion of )ea" es$a$e &o)$*a*e fi"ed !+ 'e$i$ione) was ')i&a)i"+ an a $ion $o o&'e" $he !an5 $o )e$#)n $o hi& $he ')o'e)$ies whi h $he !an5 had a")ead+ ini$ia$ed fo)e "os#)e ')o eedin*s, The an e""a$ion of $he )ea" es$a$e &o)$*a*e is a )ea" a $ion% onside)in* $ha$ a )ea" es$a$e &o)$*a*e is a )ea" )i*h$ and a )ea" ')o'e)$+ !+ i$se"f, An a $ion fo) an e""a$ion of )ea" es$a$e &o)$*a*e is necessa!"l# an ac&"on a ec&"n% &(e &"&le &o &(e $!o$e!&# , The)efo)e% i$ is a )ea" a $ion whi h sho#"d !e o&&en ed and $)ied in $he '"a e whe)e $he s#!3e $ ')o'e)$+ "ies, RULE ;9 CAUSE OF ACTION C*INA BAN6 vs. COURT OF APPEALS A a#se of a $ion has $h)ee ELEGENTS: ;1< a )i*h$ in fa.o) of $he '"ain$iff !+ wha$e.e) &eans and #nde) wha$e.e) "aw i$ a)ises o) is )ea$ed4 ;B< an o!"i*a$ion on $he 'a)$ of $he na&ed defendan$ $o )es'e $ o) no$ $o .io"a$e s# h )i*h$4 and ;>< an a $ o) o&ission on $he 'a)$

of s# h defendan$ .io"a$i.e of $he )i*h$ of $he '"ain$iff o) ons$i$#$in* a !)ea h of $he o!"i*a$ion of $he defendan$ $o $he '"ain$iff, I$ is on"+ when $he "as$ e"e&en$ o #)s $ha$ a a#se of a $ion a)ises, A o)din*"+% a a#se of a $ion on a w)i$$en on$)a $ a )#es on"+ when an a $#a" !)ea h o) .io"a$ion $he)eof o #)s, BPI vs. COSCOLLUELA A 'a)$+ &a+ no$ ins$i$#$e &o)e $han one s#i$ fo) a sin*"e a#se of a $ion and% if $wo o) &o)e s#i$s a)e ins$i$#$ed on $he !asis of $he sa&e a#se of a $ion% $he fi"in* of one on a 3#d*&en$ #'on $he &e)i$s in an+ one is a.ai"a!"e as *)o#nd fo) $he dis&issa" of $he o$he) o) o$he)s, A 'a)$+ wi"" no$ !e 'e)&i$$ed $o s'"i$ #' a sin*"e a#se of a $ion and &a5e i$ a !asis fo) se.e)a" s#i$s, A 'a)$+ see5in* $o enfo) e a "ai& &#s$ ')esen$ $o $he o#)$ !+ $he '"eadin*s o) ')oofs o) !o$h% a"" $he *)o#nds #'on whi h he e('e $s a 3#d*&en$ in his fa.o), The who"e a#se &#s$ !e de$e)&ined in one a $ion, The 6#es$ion &#s$ of$en !e de$e)&ined% no$ !+ $he *ene)a" )#"es !#$ !+ )efe)en e $o $he fa $s and i) #&s$an es of $he 'a)$i #"a) ase, 2he)e deeds a)isin* o#$ of on$)a $ a)e dis$in $ and se'a)a$e% $he+ *i.e )ise $o se'a)a$e a#se of a $ion fo) whi h se'a)a$e a $ion &a+ !e &ain$ained4 !#$ i$ is a"so $)#e $ha$ $he sa&e on$)a $ &a+ *i.e )ise $o diffe)en$ a#ses of a $ion ei$he) !+ )eason of s# essi.e !)ea hes o) !+ )eason of diffe)en$ s$i'#"a$ions o) ')o.isions of $he on$)a $, 2he)e $he)e a)e en$i)e"+ dis$in $ and se'a)a$e on$)a $s% $he+ *i.e )ise $o se'a)a$e a#ses of a $ion fo) whi h se'a)a$e a $ions &a+ !e ins$i$#$ed and ')esen$ed, 2hen &one+ is 'a+a!"e !+ ins$a""&en$s% a dis$in $ a#se of a $ion assai"s #'on $he fo""owin* d#e !+ ea h ins$a""&en$ and $he+ &a+ !e )e o.e)ed in s# essi.e a $ion, On $he o$he) hand% whe)e se.e)a" "ai&s 'a+a!"e a$ diffe)en$ $i&es a)ise o#$ of $he sa&e $)ansa $ions% se'a)a$e a $ions &a+ !e !)o#*h$ as ea h "ia!i"i$+ a o#n$s, 1#$ whe)e no a $ion is !)o#*h$ #n$i" &o)e $han one is d#e% a"" $ha$ a)e d#e &#s$ !e in "#ded in one a $ion4 and $ha$ if an a $ion is !)o#*h$ $o )e o.e) #'on one o) &o)e $ha$ a)e d#e !#$ no$ #'on a"" $ha$ a)e d#e% a )e o.e)+ in s# h a $ion wi"" !e a !a) $o a se.e)a" o) o$he) a $ions !)o#*h$ $o )e o.e) one o) &o)e "ai&s of $he o$he) "ai&s $ha$ we)e d#e a$ $he $i&e $he fi)s$ a $ion was !)o#*h$, AGUSTIN vs. BACALAN The o#)$ has no 3#)isdi $ion $o hea) and de$e)&ine a se$Aoff o) o#n$e) "ai& in e( ess of i$s 3#)isdi $ion, A o#n$e) "ai& !e+ond $he o#)$Js 3#)isdi $ion &a+ on"+ !e '"eaded !+ wa+ of defense% $he '#)'ose of whi h% howe.e)% is on"+ $o defea$ o) wea5en '"ain$iffJs "ai&% no$ $o o!$ain affi)&a$i.e )e"ief,

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The a&o#n$ of 3#d*&en$ o!$ained !+ $he defendan$A a''e""ee on a''ea" anno$ e( eed $he 3#)isdi $ion of $he o#)$ in whi h $he a $ion !e*an, Sin e $he $)ia" o#)$ did no$ a 6#i)e 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he defendan$Js o#n$e) "ai& in e( ess of $he 3#)isdi $iona" a&o#n$% $he a''e""a$e o#)$% "i5ewise% a 6#i)ed no 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he sa&e !+ i$s de isions o) o$he)wise, A''e""a$e 3#)isdi $ion !ein* no$ on"+ a on$in#a$ion of $he e(e) ise of $he sa&e 3#di ia" 'owe) whi h has !een e(e #$ed in $he o#)$ of o)i*ina" 3#)isdi $ion% a"so ')es#''oses $ha$ $he o)i*ina" and a''e""a$e o#)$s a)e a'a!"e of 'a)$i i'a$in* in $he e(e) ise of $he sa&e 3#di ia" 'owe), 2hen o#)$ $)ans ends $he "i&i$s ')es )i!ed fo) i$ !+ "aw and ass#&es $o a $ whe)e i$ has no 3#)isdi $ion% i$s ad3#di a$ions wi"" !e #$$e)"+ .oid and of no effe $ ei$he) as an es$o''e" o) o$he)wise, FLORES vs. )ALLARE5P*ILLIPS In ases whe)e a '"ain$iff s#es a defendan$ on $wo o) &o)e se'a)a$e a#ses of a $ion% $he a&o#n$ of $he de&and sha"" !e $he $o$a"i$+ of $he "ai&s in a"" $he a#ses of a $ion i))es'e $i.e of whe$he) $he a#ses of a $ion a)ose o#$ of $he sa&e o) diffe)en$ $)ansa $ions, If $he $o$a" de&and e( eeds PBL%LLL% $hen $he RTC has 3#)isdi $ion, If $he a#ses of a $ion a)e se'a)a$e and inde'enden$% $hei) 3oinde) in one o&'"ain$ is $e!m"ss"ve and no$ &anda$o)+% and an+ a#se of a $ion whe)e $he a&o#n$ of $he de&and is PBL%LLL o) "ess &a+ !e $he s#!3e $ of a se'a)a$e o&'"ain$ fi"ed wi$h a GTC, 2he)e $wo o) &o)e '"ain$iffs ha.in* se'a)a$e a#ses of a $ion a*ains$ a defendan$ 3oin in a sin*"e o&'"ain$% $he TOTALITK RULE is a''"i a!"e% as we"" as $o ases whe)e a '"ain$iff has se'a)a$e a#ses of a $ion a*ains$ $wo o) &o)e defendan$s 3oined in a sin*"e o&'"ain$, Howe.e)% $he a#ses of a $ion in fa.o) of $he $wo o) &o)e '"ain$iffs o) a*ains$ $he $wo o) &o)e defendan$s sho#"d a)ise o#$ of $he sa&e $)ansa $ion o) se)ies of $)ansa $ions and $he)e sho#"d !e a o&&on 6#es$ion of "aw o) fa $% as ')o.ided in 9? of R#"e > /Co&'"ian e wi$h R#"es of Eoinde)0, In ases of $e!m"ss"ve :o"nde! o $a!&"es% whe$he) as '"ain$iffs o) as defendan$s% #nde) 9? of R#"e >% $he &o&al o all &(e cla"ms sha"" now f#)nish $he 3#)isdi $iona" $es$, Need"ess $o s$a$e a"so% if ins$ead of 3oinin* o) !ein* 3oined in one o&'"ain$ se'a)a$e a $ions a)e fi"ed !+ o) a*ains$ $he 'a)$ies% $he a&o#n$ de&anded in ea h o&'"ain$ sha"" f#)nish $he 3#)isdi $iona" $es$, PANTRANCO vs. BUNCAN Pe)&issi.e 3oinde) of 'a)$ies )e6#i)es $ha$: ;a< $he )i*h$ $o )e"ief a)ises o#$ of $he sa&e $)ansa $ion o) se)ies of $)ansa $ions4 ;!< $he)e is a 6#es$ion of "aw o) fa $ o&&on $o a"" $he '"ain$iffs o) defendan$s4 and ; < s# h

3oinde) is no$ o$he)wise ')os )i!ed !+ $he ')o.isions of $he R#"es on 3#)isdi $ion and .en#e, In $he ase% $he)e is a sin*"e $)ansa $ion o&&on $o a"", The)e is a"so a o&&on 6#es$ion of fa $% $ha$ is% whe$he) 'e$i$ione)s a)e ne*"i*en$, The)e !ein* a sin*"e $)ansa $ion o&&on $o !o$h )es'onden$s% onse6#en$"+% $he+ ha.e $he sa&e a#se of a $ion a*ains$ 'e$i$ione)s, To de$e)&ine iden$i$+ of a#se of a $ion% i$ &#s$ !e as e)$ained whe$he) $he sa&e e.iden e whi h is ne essa)+ $o s#s$ain $he se ond a#se of a $ion wo#"d ha.e !een s#ffi ien$ $o a#$ho)iDe a )e o.e)+ in $he fi)s$, SPS. +ECENA vs. PI0UERO A a#se of a $ion is an a $ o) o&ission of one 'a)$+ in .io"a$ion of $he "e*a" )i*h$ of $he o$he) whi h a#ses $he "a$$e) in3#)+, A a#se of a $ion sho#"d no$ !e onf#sed wi$h $he )e&edies o) )e"iefs ')a+ed fo), A cause o ac&"on "s &o be ound "n &(e ac&s alle%ed "n &(e com$la"n& and no& "n &(e $!a#e! o! !el"e . I$ is $he s#!s$an e and no$ $he fo)& $ha$ is on$)o""in*, A 'a)$+ &a+ ha.e $wo o) &o)e a#ses of a $ion a*ains$ ano$he) 'a)$+, A :o"nde! o causes o ac&"on is $he #ni$in* of $wo o) &o)e de&ands o) )i*h$ of a $ion in a o&'"ain$, The 6#es$ion of $he 3oinde) of a#ses of a $ion in.o".es in 'a)$i #"a) ases a ')e"i&ina)+ in6#i)+ as $o whe$he) $wo o) &o)e a#ses of a $ion a)e a""e*ed, In de "a)in* whe$he) &o)e $han one a#se of a $ion is a""e*ed% $he &ain $h)#s$ is whe$he) &o)e $han one ')i&a)+ )i*h$ o) s#!3e $ of on$)o.e)s+ is ')esen$, O$he) $es$s a)e whe$he) )e o.e)+ on one *)o#nd wo#"d !a) )e o.e)+ on $he o$he)% whe$he) $he sa&e e.iden e wo#"d s#''o)$ $he o$he) diffe)en$ o#n$s and whe$he) se'a)a$e a $ions o#"d !e &ain$ained fo) se'a)a$e )e"ief4 o) whe$he) &o)e $han one dis$in $ ')i&a)+ )i*h$ o) s#!3e $ of on$)o.e)s+ is a""e*ed fo) enfo) e&en$ o) ad3#di a$ion, A a#se of a $ion &a+ !e sin*"e a"$ho#*h $he '"ain$iff see5s a .a)ie$+ of )e&edies, The &e)e fa $ $ha$ $he '"ain$iff ')a+s fo) &#"$i'"e )e"iefs does no$ indi a$e $ha$ he has s$a$ed &o)e $han one a#se of a $ion, The ')a+e) &a+ !e an aid in in$e)')e$in* $he 'e$i$ion and in de$e)&inin* whe$he) o) no$ &o)e $han one a#se of a $ion is '"eaded, If $he a""e*a$ions of $he o&'"ain$ show one ')i&a)+ )i*h$ and one w)on*% on"+ one a#se of a $ion is a""e*ed e.en $ho#*h o$he) &a$$e)s a)e in iden$a""+ in.o".ed% and a"$ho#*h diffe)en$ a $s% &e$hods% e"e&en$s of in3#)+% i$e&s of "ai&s o) $heo)ies of )e o.e)+ a)e se$ fo)$h, 2he)e $wo o) &o)e ')i&a)+ )i*h$s and w)on*s a''ea)% $he)e is a 3oinde) of a#ses of a $ion, UNI7I+E *OL+INGS vs. CRU.

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E( "#si.e .en#e s$i'#"a$ion e&!odied in a on$)a $ )es$)i $s o) onfines 'a)$ies $he)e$o when $he s#i$ )e"a$es $o !)ea h of said on$)a $, 1#$ whe)e $he e( "#si.i$+ "a#se does no$ &a5e i$ ne essa)i"+ en o&'assin*% s# h $ha$ e.en $hose no$ )e"a$ed $o $he enfo) e&en$ of $he on$)a $ sho#"d !e s#!3e $ $o $he e( "#si.e .en#e% $he s$i'#"a$ion desi*na$in* e( "#si.e .en#es sho#"d !e s$)i $"+ onfined $o $he s'e ifi #nde)$a5in* o) a*)ee&en$, O$he)wise% $he !asi ')in i'"es of f)eedo& $o on$)a $ &i*h$ wo)5 $o $he *)ea$ disad.an$a*e of a wea5 'a)$+As#i$o) who o#*h$ $o !e a""owed f)ee a ess $o o#)$s of 3#s$i e, Res$)i $i.e s$i'#"a$ions a)e in de)o*a$ion of $he *ene)a" 'o"i + of &a5in* i$ &o)e on.enien$ fo) $he 'a)$ies $o ins$i$#$e a $ions a)isin* f)o& o) in )e"a$ion $o $hei) a*)ee&en$s, Th#s% $he )es$)i $ion sho#"d !e s$)i $"+ ons$)#ed as )e"a$in* so"e"+ $o $he a*)ee&en$ fo) whi h $he e( "#si.e .en#e s$i'#"a$ion is e&!odied, E('andin* $he s o'e of s# h "i&i$a$ion on a on$)a $in* 'a)$+ wi"" )ea$e #nwa))an$ed )es$)i $ions whi h $he 'a)$ies &i*h$ find #nin$ended o) wo)se% a)!i$)a)+ and o'')essi.e, RULE <9 PARTIES TO CI/IL ACTIONS IRON and STEEL vs. COURT OF APPEALS 2hen $he s$a$#$o)+ $e)& of a non5"nco!$o!a&ed a%enc# e('i)es% $he 'owe)s% d#$ies and f#n $ions as we"" as $he asse$s and "ia!i"i$ies of $ha$ a*en + )e.e)$ !a 5 $o% and a)e )eAass#&ed !+% $he Re'#!"i of $he Phi"i''ines% in $he a!sen e of s'e ia" ')o.isions of "aw s'e if+in* so&e o$he) dis'osi$ion $he)eof s# h as% e,*,% de.o"#$ion o) $)ans&ission of s# h 'owe)s% d#$ies% f#n $ions% e$ , $o so&e o$he) iden$ified s# esso) a*en + o) ins$)#&en$a"i$+ of $he Re'#!"i of $he Phi"i''ines, 2hen $he e('i)in* a*en + is an "nco!$o!a&ed one% $he onse6#en es of s# h e('i)+ &#s$ !e "oo5ed fo)% in $he fi)s$ ins$an e% in $he ha)$e) of $ha$ a*en + and% !+ wa+ of s#''"e&en$a$ion% in $he ')o.isions of $he Co)'o)a$ion Code, RALLA vs. RALLA The )ea" 'a)$+AinAin$e)es$ is $he 'a)$+ who s$ands $o !e !enefi$ed o) in3#)ed !+ $he 3#d*&en$ o) $he 'a)$+ en$i$"ed $o $he a.ai"s of $he s#i$, MIn$e)es$M wi$hin $he &eanin* of $he )#"e &eans &a$e)ia" in$e)es$% an in$e)es$ in iss#e and $o !e affe $ed !+ $he de )ee% as dis$in*#ished f)o& &e)e in$e)es$ in $he 6#es$ion in.o".ed% o) a &e)e in iden$a" in$e)es$, As a *ene)a" )#"e% one ha.in* no )i*h$ o) in$e)es$ $o ')o$e $ anno$ in.o5e $he 3#)isdi $ion of $he o#)$ as a 'a)$+A'"ain$iff in an a $ion, As a .a"id"+ disinhe)i$ed hei) and no$ "ai&in* $o !e a )edi$o) of his de eased fa$he)% Ped)o Ra""a had no "e*a" 'e)sona"i$+ $o 6#es$ion $he deed of sa"e !e$ween Rosendo Ra""a and his son Pa!"o, Ped)o Ra""a was a

s$)an*e) $o $he $)ansa $ion as he did no$ s$and $o !enefi$ f)o& i$s ann#"&en$, TA)PINGCO vs. IAC A dona$ion% as a &ode of a 6#i)in* owne)shi'% )es#"$s in an effe $i.e $)ansfe) of $i$"e o.e) $he ')o'e)$+ f)o& $he dono) $o $he donee and on e a dona$ion is a e'$ed% $he donee !e o&es $he a!so"#$e owne) of $he ')o'e)$+ dona$ed, OCO vs. LI)BARING 9B of R#"e > has $wo )e6#i)e&en$s: 1< $o ins$i$#$e an a $ion% $he '"ain$iff &#s$ !e $he )ea" 'a)$+ in in$e)es$4 and B< $he a $ion &#s$ !e ')ose #$ed in $he na&e of $he )ea" 'a)$+ in in$e)es$, The '#)'oses of $his ')o.ision a)e 1< $o ')e.en$ $he ')ose #$ion of a $ions !+ 'e)sons wi$ho#$ an+ )i*h$% $i$"e o) in$e)es$ in $he ase4 B< $o )e6#i)e $ha$ $he a $#a" 'a)$+ en$i$"ed $o "e*a" )e"ief !e $he one $o ')ose #$e $he a $ion4 >< $o a.oid a &#"$i'"i i$+ of s#i$s4 and H< $o dis o#)a*e "i$i*a$ion and 5ee' i$ wi$hin e)$ain !o#nds% '#)s#an$ $o so#nd '#!"i 'o"i +, In$e)es$ wi$hin $he &eanin* of $he R#"es &eans &a$e)ia" in$e)es$ o) an in$e)es$ in iss#e $o !e affe $ed !+ $he de )ee o) 3#d*&en$ of $he ase% as dis$in*#ished f)o& &e)e #)iosi$+ a!o#$ $he 6#es$ion in.o".ed, One ha.in* no &a$e)ia" in$e)es$ $o ')o$e $ anno$ in.o5e $he 3#)isdi $ion of $he o#)$ as $he '"ain$iff in an a $ion, 2hen $he '"ain$iff is no$ $he )ea" 'a)$+ in in$e)es$% $he ase is dis&issi!"e on $he *)o#nd of "a 5 of a#se of a $ion, PASCUAL vs. PASCUAL 2he)e $he 'a)$ies a)e no$ a $#a" )esiden$s in $he sa&e i$+ o) &#ni i'a"i$+ o) ad3oinin* !a)an*a+s% $he)e is no )e6#i)e&en$ fo) $he& $o s#!&i$ $hei) dis'#$e $o $he lupon as ')o.ided fo) in 9? .isAPA.is 9B and 9> of P,D, 1:L=, To ons$)#e $he e(')ess s$a$#$o)+ )e6#i)e&en$ of a $#a" )esiden + as a''"i a!"e $o $he a$$o)ne+AinAfa $ of $he 'a)$+A'"ain$iff wo#"d a!)o*a$e $he &eanin* of a )ea" 'a)$+ in in$e)es$-, GOLANGCO vs. FUNG The Peo'"e of $he Phi"i''ines we)e indis'ensa!"e 'a)$ies in a"" )i&ina" ')o eedin*s, The o&ission was fa$a" and eno#*h a#se fo) $he s#&&a)+ )e3e $ion of $he 'e$i$ion fo) e)$io)a)i, Consen$ of $he OSG $o $he 'e$i$ion fo) e)$io)a)i is needed ')io) $o $he fi"in* $he)eof, The Ad&inis$)a$i.e Code of 1@=C &anda$es $he OSG $o )e')esen$ $he Go.e)n&en$ in $he SC and $he CA in a"" )i&ina" ')o eedin*s4 )e')esen$ $he Go.e)n&en$ and i$s offi e)s in $he SC% $he CA% and a"" o$he) o#)$s o) $)i!#na"s in a""

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i.i" a $ions and s'e ia" ')o eedin*s in whi h $he Go.e)n&en$ o) an+ offi e) $he)eof in his offi ia" a'a i$+ is a 'a)$+,A"$ho#*h $he 'e$i$ion fo) e)$io)a)i !o)e $he onfo)&i$+ of $he '#!"i ')ose #$o)% $ha$ onfo)&i$+ a"one did no$ s#ffi e, The a#$ho)i$+ of $he Ci$+ P)ose #$o) o) his assis$an$ $o a''ea) fo) and )e')esen$ $he Peo'"e of $he Phi"i''ines was onfined on"+ $o $he ')o eedin*s in $he $)ia" o#)$, E0UITABLE vs. *EIRS OF TUI 2he)e $he a $ion is a""owed $o !e ')ose #$ed o) defended !+ a )e')esen$a$i.e o) so&eone a $in* in a fid# ia)+ a'a i$+% &(e BENEFICIAR- sha"" !e INCLU+E+ IN T*E TITLE OF T*E CASE and sha"" !e dee&ed $o !e &(e !eal $a!&# "n "n&e!es&, A )e')esen$a$i.e &a+ !e a $)#s$ee of an e(')ess $)#s$% a *#a)dian% an e(e #$o) o) ad&inis$)a$o)% o) a 'a)$+ a#$ho)iDed !+ "aw o) $hese R#"es, An a*en$ a $in* in his own na&e and fo) $he !enefi$ of an #ndis "osed ')in i'a" &a+ s#e o) !e s#ed wi$ho#$ 3oinin* $he ')in i'a" e( e'$ when $he on$)a $ in.o".es $hin*s !e"on*in* $o $he ')in i'a", +EP4T OF *EALT* vs. P*IL P*AR)A The s$a$e &a+ no$ !e s#ed wi$ho#$ i$s onsen$, Li5ewise% '#!"i offi ia"s &a+ no$ !e s#ed fo) a $s done in $he 'e)fo)&an e of $hei) offi ia" f#n $ions o) wi$hin $he s o'e of $hei) a#$ho)i$+, An un"nco!$o!a&ed %ove!nmen& a%enc# wi$ho#$ an+ se'a)a$e 3#)idi a" 'e)sona"i$+ of i$s own en3o+s i&&#ni$+ f)o& s#i$ !e a#se i$ is in.es$ed wi$h an inhe)en$ 'owe) of so.e)ei*n$+, A o)din*"+% a "ai& fo) da&a*es a*ains$ $he a*en + anno$ ')os'e)4 o$he)wise% $he do $)ine of so.e)ei*n i&&#ni$+ is .io"a$ed, Howe.e)% $he need $o dis$in*#ish !e$ween an #nin o)'o)a$ed *o.e)n&en$ a*en + 'e)fo)&in* %ove!nmen&al unc&"on and one 'e)fo)&in* $!o$!"e&a!# unc&"ons has a)isen, The i&&#ni$+ has !een #'he"d in fa.o) of $he fo)&e) !e a#se i$s f#n $ion is *o.e)n&en$a" o) in iden$a" $o s# h f#n $ion4 i$ has no$ !een #'he"d in fa.o) of $he "a$$e) whose f#n $ion was no$ in '#)s#i$ of a ne essa)+ f#n $ion of *o.e)n&en$ !#$ was essen$ia""+ a !#siness, The do $)ine of s$a$e i&&#ni$+ e($ends i$s ')o$e $i.e &an$"e a"so $o o&'"ain$s fi"ed a*ains$ s$a$e offi ia"s fo) a $s done in $he dis ha)*e and 'e)fo)&an e of $hei) d#$ies, MThe s#a!i"i$+ of a *o.e)n&en$ offi ia" de'ends on whe$he) $he offi ia" on e)ned was a $in* wi$hin his offi ia" o) 3#)isdi $iona" a'a i$+% and whe$he) $he a $s done in $he 'e)fo)&an e of offi ia" f#n $ions wi"" )es#"$ in a ha)*e o) finan ia" "ia!i"i$+ a*ains$ $he *o.e)n&en$,M O$he)wise s$a$ed% M'#!"i offi ia"s an !e he"d 'e)sona""+ a o#n$a!"e fo) a $s "ai&ed $o ha.e !een 'e)fo)&ed in

onne $ion wi$h offi ia" d#$ies whe)e $he+ ha.e a $ed #"$)a .i)es o) whe)e $he)e is showin* of !ad fai$h,M AIR TRANSPORTATION vs. SPS. RA)OS No$ a"" *o.e)n&en$ en$i$ies% whe$he) o)'o)a$e o) nonA o)'o)a$e% a)e i&&#ne f)o& s#i$s, I&&#ni$+ f)o& s#i$s is de$e)&ined !+ $he ha)a $e) of $he o!3e $s fo) whi h $he en$i$+ was o)*aniDed, S#i$s a*ains$ S$a$e a*en ies wi$h )e"a$ion $o &a$$e)s in whi h $he+ ha.e ass#&ed $o a $ in ')i.a$e o) nonA*o.e)n&en$a" a'a i$+% and .a)io#s s#i$s a*ains$ e)$ain o)'o)a$ions )ea$ed !+ $he s$a$e fo) '#!"i '#)'oses% !#$ $o en*a*e in &a$$e)s 'a)$a5in* &o)e of $he na$#)e of o)dina)+ !#siness )a$he) $han f#n $ions of a *o.e)n&en$a" o) 'o"i$i a" ha)a $e)% a)e no$ )e*a)ded as s#i$s a*ains$ $he s$a$e, ATO% as an a*en + of $he Go.e)n&en$ no$ 'e)fo)&in* a '#)e"+ *o.e)n&en$a" o) so.e)ei*n f#n $ion% !#$ was ins$ead in.o".ed in $he &ana*e&en$ and &ain$enan e of $he Loa5an Ai)'o)$% an a $i.i$+ $ha$ was no$ $he e( "#si.e ')e)o*a$i.e of $he S$a$e in i$s so.e)ei*n a'a i$+, Hen e% $he ATO had no "ai& $o $he S$a$eJs i&&#ni$+ f)o& s#i$, A)ERICAN E3PRESS vs. SANTIAGO ARON vs. REALON E.e)+ a $ion &#s$ !e ')ose #$ed o) defended in $he na&e of $he )ea" 'a)$+AinAin$e)es$, 2he)e $he a $ion is a""owed $o !e ')ose #$ed o) defended !+ a )e')esen$a$i.e a $in* in a fid# ia)+ a'a i$+% $he !enefi ia)+ &#s$ !e in "#ded in $he $i$"e of $he ase and sha"" !e dee&ed $o !e $he )ea" 'a)$+AinAin$e)es$, The na&e of s# h !enefi ia)ies sha""% "i5ewise% !e in "#ded in $he o&'"ain$, 7a $s showin* $he a'a i$+ of a 'a)$+ $o s#e o) !e s#ed% o) $he a#$ho)i$+ of a 'a)$+ $o s#e o) !e s#ed in a )e')esen$a$i.e a'a i$+ &#s$ !e a.e))ed in $he o&'"ain$, In o)de) $o &ain$ain an a $ion in a o#)$ of 3#s$i e% $he '"ain$iff &#s$ ha.e an a $#a" "e*a" e(is$en e% $ha$ is% he o) she o) i$ &#s$ !e a 'e)son in "aw and 'ossessed of a "e*a" en$i$+ as ei$he) a na$#)a" o) an a)$ifi ia" 'e)son% and no s#i$ an "awf#""+ !e ')ose #$ed in $he na&e of $ha$ 'e)son, The 'a)$+ !)in*in* s#i$ has $he !#)den of ')o.in* $he s#ffi ien + of $he )e')esen$a$i.e ha)a $e) $ha$ he "ai&s, If a o&'"ain$ is fi"ed !+ one who "ai&s $o )e')esen$ a 'a)$+ as '"ain$iff !#$ who is no$ a#$ho)iDed $o do so% s# h o&'"ain$ is no$ dee&ed fi"ed and $he o#)$ does no$ a 6#i)e 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he o&'"ain$, An #na#$ho)iDed o&'"ain$ does no$ ')od# e an+ "e*a" effe $, Co)o""a)+% $he defendan$ an assai" $he fa $s a""e*ed $he)ein $h)o#*h a GTD on $he *)o#nd $ha$ $he '"ain$iff has no a'a i$+ $o s#e #nde) 91;d< of R#"e 1?% $ha$ is% he does no$ ha.e $he )e')esen$a$i.e he "ai&s,

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Th#s% $he ')esen e of a"" IN+ISPENSABLE PARTIES is a ondi$ion sine 6#a non fo) $he e(e) ise of 3#di ia" 'owe), I$ is ')e ise"+ when an indis'ensa!"e 'a)$+ is no$ !efo)e $he o#)$ $ha$ $he a $ion sho#"d !e dis&issed, The '"ain$iff is &anda$ed $o i&'"ead a"" indis'ensa!"e 'a)$ies% and $he a!sen e of one )ende)s a"" s#!se6#en$ a $ions of $he o#)$ n#"" and .oid fo) wan$ of a#$ho)i$+ $o a $% no$ on"+ as $o $he a!sen$ 'a)$ies% !#$ e.en as $o $hose ')esen$, One who is a 'a)$+ $o a ase is no$ !o#nd !+ an+ de ision of $he o#)$4 o$he)wise% he wi"" !e de')i.ed of his )i*h$ $o d#e ')o ess, LOTTE P*ILIPPINES vs. +ELA CRU. An indis'ensa!"e 'a)$+ is a 'a)$+ in in$e)es$ wi$ho#$ who& no fina" de$e)&ina$ion an !e had of an a $ion% and who sha"" !e 3oined ei$he) as '"ain$iffs o) defendan$s, The 3oinde) of indis'ensa!"e 'a)$ies is &anda$o)+, The ')esen e of indis'ensa!"e 'a)$ies is ne essa)+ $o .es$ $he o#)$ wi$h 3#)isdi $ion% whi h is M$he a#$ho)i$+ $o hea) and de$e)&ine a a#se% $he )i*h$ $o a $ in a aseM, Th#s% wi$ho#$ $he ')esen e of indis'ensa!"e 'a)$ies $o a s#i$ o) ')o eedin*% 3#d*&en$ of a o#)$ anno$ a$$ain )ea" fina"i$+, The a!sen e of an indis'ensa!"e 'a)$+ )ende)s a"" s#!se6#en$ a $ions of $he o#)$ n#"" and .oid fo) wan$ of a#$ho)i$+ $o a $% no$ on"+ as $o $he a!sen$ 'a)$ies !#$ e.en as $o $hose ')esen$, +AEL vs. TE/ES 2hene.e) a 'a)$+ $o a 'endin* ase dies% !e o&es in a'a i$a$ed% o) in o&'e$en$% i$ sha"" !e $he d#$+ of his a$$o)ne+ $o info)& $he o#)$ ')o&'$"+ of s# h dea$h% in a'a i$+ o) in o&'e$en + and $o *i.e $he na&e and )esiden e of his e(e #$o)% ad&inis$)a$o)% *#a)dian o) o$he) "e*a" )e')esen$a$i.e, R#"e >% 91? of $he R#"es a''"ies $o a si$#a$ion whe)e a 'a)$+ ;whe$he) '"ain$iff o) defendan$< dies af$e) $he fi"in* of $he o&'"ain$ and d#)in* $he 'enden + of $he ase, In $he ase a$ !a)% sin e $he $wo defendan$s% whose hei)s a)e $o !e i&'"eaded died e.en !efo)e $he fi"in* of $he o&'"ain$, 2he)e $he Co#)$ o)de)s $he '"ain$iff $o a&end i$s o&'"ain$ wi$hin a e)$ain 'e)iod of $i&e in o)de) $o i&'"ead as 'a)$+ defendan$s one who is no$ a 'a)$+ $o $he ase !#$ who is an indis'ensa!"e 'a)$+% '"ain$iffJs )ef#sa" $o o&'"+ wi$h s# h o)de) is a *)o#nd fo) $he dis&issa" of $he o&'"ain$, SENO vs. )ANGUBAT Unde) 9C% indis'ensa!"e 'a)$ies &#s$ a"wa+s !e 3oined ei$he) as '"ain$iffs o) defendan$s% fo) $he o#)$ anno$ ')o eed wi$ho#$ $he&, NECESSAR- PARTIES &#s$ !e 3oined% #nde) 9=% in o)de) $o ad3#di a$e $he who"e on$)o.e)s+ and a.oid &#"$i'"i i$+ of s#i$s,

Indis'ensa!"e 'a)$ies a)e $hose wi$h s# h an in$e)es$ in $he on$)o.e)s+ $ha$ a fina" de )ee wo#"d ne essa)i"+ affe $ $hei) )i*h$s% so $ha$ $he o#)$s anno$ ')o eed wi$ho#$ $hei) ')esen e, NECESSAR- PARTIES a)e $hose whose ')esen e is ne essa)+ $o ad3#di a$e $he who"e on$)o.e)s+% !#$ whose in$e)es$s a)e so fa) se'a)a!"e $ha$ a fina" de )ee an !e &ade in $hei) a!sen e wi$ho#$ affe $in* $he&, 0UIO)BING vs. COURT OF APPEALS The essen e of a $i.e so"ida)i$+ onsis$s in $he a#$ho)i$+ of ea h )edi$o) $o "ai& and enfo) e $he )i*h$s of a""% wi$h $he )es#"$in* o!"i*a$ion of 'a+in* e.e)+one wha$ !e"on*s $o hi&4 $he)e is no &e)*e)% &# h "ess a )en#n ia$ion of )i*h$s% !#$ on"+ &#$#a" )e')esen$a$ion, 2he)e $he o!"i*a$ion of $he 'a)$ies is so"ida)+% ei$he) one of $he 'a)$ies is indis'ensa!"e% and $he o$he) is no$ e.en ne essa)+ ;now ')o'e)< !e a#se o&'"e$e )e"ief &a+ !e o!$ained f)o& ei$he), +O)INGO vs. SC*EER The NON5JOIN+ER OF IN+ISPENSABLE PARTIES is no$ a *)o#nd fo) $he dis&issa" of an a $ion and $he )e&ed+ is $o i&'"ead $he nonA'a)$+ "ai&ed $o !e indis'ensa!"e, Pa)$ies &a+ !e added !+ o)de) of $he o#)$ on &o$ion of $he 'a)$+ o) on i$s own ini$ia$i.e a$ an+ s$a*e of $he a $ion andFo) s# h $i&es as a)e 3#s$, If $he 'e$i$ione) )ef#ses $o i&'"ead an indis'ensa!"e 'a)$+ des'i$e $he o)de) of $he o#)$% $he "a$$e) &a+ dis&iss $he o&'"ain$F'e$i$ion fo) $he 'e$i$ione)F'"ain$iff8s fai"#)e $o o&'"+ $he)efo), C*UA vs. TORRES Gis3oinde) of 'a)$ies is no$ fa$a" $o $he o&'"ain$, The )#"e ')ohi!i$s dis&issa" of a s#i$ on $he *)o#nd of nonA 3oinde) o) &is3oinde) of 'a)$ies, Go)eo.e)% $he d)o''in* of &is3oined 'a)$ies f)o& $he o&'"ain$ &a+ !e done motu proprio !+ $he o#)$% a$ an+ s$a*e% wi$ho#$ need fo) a &o$ion $o s# h effe $ f)o& $he ad.e)se 'a)$+, 911 of R#"e > indi a$es $ha$ $he &is3oinde) of 'a)$ies% whi"e e))oneo#s% &a+ !e o))e $ed wi$h ease $h)o#*h a&end&en$% wi$ho#$ f#)$he) hind)an e $o $he ')ose #$ion of $he s#i$, An+ a $ o) o&ission o&&i$$ed !+ a &is3oined 'a)$+ '"ain$iff sho#"d no$ !e a#se fo) i&'edi&en$ $o $he ')ose #$ion of $he ase% &# h "ess fo) $he dis&issa" of $he s#i$, REPUBLIC vs. CA)POS

)ALAGARTE vs. COURT OF APPEALS

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An+ one of $he oAowne)s &a+ !)in* an a $ion fo) e3e $&en$, The a)$i "e o.e)s a"" 5inds of a $ions fo) $he )e o.e)+ of 'ossession% in "#din* an accion publiciana and a )ei.indi a$o)+ a $ion, A oAowne) &a+ fi"e s#i$ wi$ho#$ ne essa)i"+ 3oinin* a"" $he o$he) oAowne)s as oA '"ain$iffs !e a#se $he s#i$ is dee&ed $o !e ins$i$#$ed fo) $he !enefi$ of a"", An+ 3#d*&en$ of $he o#)$ in fa.o) of $he '"ain$iff wi"" !enefi$ $he o$he) oAowne)s% !#$ if $he 3#d*&en$ is ad.e)se% $he sa&e anno$ ')e3#di e $he )i*h$s of $he #ni&'"eaded oAowne)s, Th#s% 'e$i$ione)s do no$ ha.e $o i&'"ead $hei) oAowne)s as 'a)$ies, The on"+ EQCEPTION TO THIS RULE is when $he a $ion is fo) $he !enefi$ of $he '"ain$iff a"one who "ai&s $o !e $he so"e owne) and is% $h#s% en$i$"ed $o $he 'ossession $he)eof, In s# h a ase% $he a $ion wi"" no$ ')os'e) #n"ess $he '"ain$iff i&'"eads $he o$he) oA owne)s who a)e indis'ensa!"e 'a)$ies, OFFICE OF T*E CIT- )A-OR vs. EBIO A)$, H:C of $he Ci.i" ode ')o.ides $ha$ a""#.ia" de'osi$s a"on* $he !an5s of a )ee5 do no$ fo)& 'a)$ of $he '#!"i do&ain as $he a""#.ia" ')o'e)$+ a#$o&a$i a""+ !e"on*s $o $he owne) of $he es$a$e $o whi h i$ &a+ ha.e !een added, The on"+ )es$)i $ion ')o.ided fo) !+ "aw is $ha$ $he owne) of $he ad3oinin* ')o'e)$+ &#s$ )e*is$e) $he sa&e #nde) $he To))ens s+s$e&4 o$he)wise% $he a""#.ia" ')o'e)$+ &a+ !e s#!3e $ $o a 6#isi$ion $h)o#*h ')es )i'$ion !+ $hi)d 'e)sons, The a $ion fo) ')ohi!i$ion see5s $o en3oin $he i$+ *o.e)n&en$ of Pa)aRa6#e f)o& ')o eedin* wi$h i$s i&'"e&en$a$ion of $he )oad ons$)# $ion ')o3e $, The S$a$e is nei$he) a ne essa)+ no) an indis'ensa!"e 'a)$+ $o an a $ion whe)e no 'osi$i.e a $ sha"" !e )e6#i)ed f)o& i$ o) whe)e no o!"i*a$ion sha"" !e i&'osed #'on i$% s# h as in $he ase a$ !a), Nei$he) wo#"d i$ !e an indis'ensa!"e 'a)$+ if none of i$s ')o'e)$ies sha"" !e di.es$ed no) an+ of i$s )i*h$s inf)in*ed, CARAN+ANG vs. +E GU.)AN La 5 of 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he 'e)son% !ein* s#!3e $ $o wai.e)% is a 'e)sona" defense whi h an on"+ !e asse)$ed !+ $he 'a)$+ who an $he)e!+ wai.e i$ !+ si"en e, The #nde)"+in* ')in i'"e !ehind $he 7ORGAL SU1STITUTION O7 HEIRS is no$ )ea""+ !e a#se s#!s$i$#$ion of hei)s is a 3#)isdi $iona" )e6#i)e&en$% !#$ !e a#se nonA o&'"ian e )es#"$s in $he #ndenia!"e .io"a$ion of $he )i*h$ $o d#e ')o ess of $hose who% $ho#*h no$ d#"+ no$ified of $he ')o eedin*s% a)e s#!s$an$ia""+ affe $ed !+ $he de ision )ende)ed $he)ein, S# h .io"a$ion of d#e ')o ess an on"+ !e asse)$ed !+ $he 'e)sons whose )i*h$s a)e "ai&ed $o ha.e !een .io"a$ed% na&e"+ $he hei)s $o who& $he ad.e)se 3#d*&en$ is so#*h$ $o !e enfo) ed,

7#)$he)% ')o eedin*s $ha$ $oo5 '"a e af$e) $he dea$h of $he 'a)$+ a)e .oid% we *a.e ano$he) )eason fo) s# h n#""i$+: $he a$$o)ne+s fo) $he offended 'a)$+ eased $o !e $he a$$o)ne+s fo) $he de eased #'on $he dea$h of $he "a$$e)% $he ')in i'a", PROA7ORGA PARTIES an ei$he) !e indis'ensa!"e% ne essa)+ o) nei$he) indis'ensa!"e no) ne essa)+, The $hi)d ase o #)s if% fo) e(a&'"e% a h#s!and fi"es an a $ion $o )e o.e) a ')o'e)$+ whi h he "ai&s $o !e 'a)$ of his e( "#si.e ')o'e)$+, The wife &a+ ha.e no "e*a" in$e)es$ in s# h ')o'e)$+% !#$ $he )#"es ne.e)$he"ess )e6#i)e $ha$ she !e 3oined as a 'a)$+, In ases of ')oAfo)&a 'a)$ies who a)e nei$he) indis'ensa!"e no) ne essa)+% $he *ene)a" )#"e #nde) 9 11% R#"e > &#s$ !e fo""owed: s# h nonA3oinde) is no$ a *)o#nd fo) dis&issa", Hen e% in a ase on e)nin* an a $ion $o )e o.e) a s#& of &one+% we he"d $ha$ $he fai"#)e $o 3oin $he s'o#se in $ha$ ase was no$ a 3#)isdi $iona" defe $, The nonA3oinde) of a s'o#se does no$ wa))an$ dis&issa" as i$ is &e)e"+ a fo)&a" )e6#i)e&en$ whi h &a+ !e #)ed !+ a&end&en$, Con.e)se"+% in $he ins$an es $ha$ $he ')oAfo)&a 'a)$ies a)e a"so indis'ensa!"e o) ne essa)+ 'a)$ies% $he )#"es on e)nin* indis'ensa!"e o) ne essa)+ 'a)$ies% as $he ase &a+ !e% sho#"d !e a''"ied, Th#s% dis&issa" is wa))an$ed on"+ if $he ')oAfo)&a 'a)$+ no$ 3oined in $he o&'"ain$ is an indis'ensa!"e 'a)$+, BULA7AN vs. A0UEN+ER A 'e)son who was no$ i&'"eaded in $he o&'"ain$ anno$ !e !o#nd !+ $he de ision )ende)ed $he)ein% fo) no &an sha"" !e affe $ed !+ a ')o eedin* in whi h he is a s$)an*e), In a 'e$i$ion fo) ANNULGENT O7 EUDGGENT% $he 3#d*&en$ &a+ !e ann#""ed on $he *)o#nds of e($)insi f)a#d and "a 5 of 3#)isdi $ion, 7)a#d is e($)insi whe)e i$ ')e.en$s a 'a)$+ f)o& ha.in* a $)ia" o) f)o& ')esen$in* his en$i)e ase $o $he o#)$% o) whe)e i$ o'e)a$es #'on &a$$e)s 'e)$ainin* no$ $o $he 3#d*&en$ i$se"f !#$ $o $he &anne) in whi h i$ is ')o #)ed, Ann#"&en$ of 3#d*&en$ is a )e&ed+ in "aw inde'enden$ of $he ase whe)e $he 3#d*&en$ so#*h$ $o !e ann#""ed was )ende)ed, Conse6#en$"+% an a $ion fo) ann#"&en$ of 3#d*&en$ &a+ !e a.ai"ed of e.en if $he 3#d*&en$ $o !e ann#""ed had a")ead+ !een f#""+ e(e #$ed o) i&'"e&en$ed, C*IANG 6AI S*E6 vs. COURT OF APPEALS Ha.in* on$)a $ed wi$h $he ')i.a$e )es'onden$ e.e)+ +ea) fo) >B +ea)s and $h#s )e')esen$ed i$se"f as 'ossessed of 3#)idi a" 'e)sona"i$+ $o do so% $he 'e$i$ione)

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is now es$o''ed f)o& den+in* s# h 'e)sona"i$+ $o defea$ he) "ai& a*ains$ i$, A o)din* $o A)$i "e 1H>1 of $he Ci.i" Code% M$h)o#*h es$o''e" an ad&ission o) )e')esen$a$ion is )ende)ed on "#si.e #'on $he 'e)son &a5in* i$ and anno$ !e denied o) dis')o.ed as a*ains$ $he 'e)son )e"+in* on i$,M As $he s hoo" i$se"f &a+ !e s#ed in i$s own na&e% $he)e is no need $o a''"+ R#"e >% 91:% #nde) whi h $he 'e)sons 3oined in an asso ia$ion wi$ho#$ an+ 3#)idi a" 'e)sona"i$+ &a+ !e s#ed wi$h s# h asso ia$ion, 1esides% i$ has !een shown $ha$ $he indi.id#a" &e&!e)s of $he !oa)d of $)#s$ees a)e no$ "ia!"e% ha.in* !een a''oin$ed on"+ af$e) $he ')i.a$e )es'onden$Js dis&issa", NUGUI+ /+A. +E *ABERER vs. CA= )ARTINE. In $he a!sen e of a )e$aine) f)o& $he hei)s o) a#$ho)iDed )e')esen$a$i.es of his de eased "ien$% $he a$$o)ne+ wo#"d $he)eaf$e) ha.e no f#)$he) 'owe) o) a#$ho)i$+ $o a''ea) o) $a5e an+ f#)$he) a $ion in $he ase% sa.e $o info)& $he o#)$ of $he "ien$Js dea$h and $a5e $he ne essa)+ s$e's $o safe*#a)d $he de easedJs )i*h$s in $he ase, 2hen a 'a)$+ dies in an a $ion $ha$ s#).i.es% and no o)de) is iss#ed !+ $he o#)$ fo) $he a''ea)an e of $he "e*a" )e')esen$a$i.e o) of $he hei)s of $he de eased in s#!s$i$#$ion of $he de eased% and as a &a$$e) of fa $ no s# h s#!s$i$#$ion has e.e) !een effe $ed% $he $)ia" he"d !+ $he o#)$ wi$ho#$ s# h "e*a" )e')esen$a$i.es o) hei)s and $he 3#d*&en$ )ende)ed af$e) s# h $)ia" a)e n#"" and .oid !e a#se $he o#)$ a 6#i)ed no 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he 'e)sons of $he "e*a" )e')esen$a$i.es o) of $he hei)s #'on who& $he $)ia" and $he 3#d*&en$ wo#"d !e !indin*, /+A. +E SALA.AR vs. CA= NEPO)UCENO 7o)&a" s#!s$i$#$ion of hei)s is no$ ne essa)+ when $he hei)s $he&se".es .o"#n$a)i"+ a''ea)ed% 'a)$i i'a$ed in $he ase and ')esen$ed e.iden e in defense of de eased defendan$, GOC*AN vs. -OUNG The R#"es% whi"e 'e)&i$$in* an e(e #$o) o) ad&inis$)a$o) $o )e')esen$ o) $o !)in* s#i$s on !eha"f of $he de eased% do no$ ')ohi!i$ $he hei)s f)o& )e')esen$in* $he de eased, The )#"es a)e easi"+ a''"i a!"e $o ases in whi h an ad&inis$)a$o) has a")ead+ !een a''oin$ed, 1#$ no )#"e a$e*o)i a""+ add)esses $he si$#a$ion in whi h s'e ia" ')o eedin*s fo) $he se$$"e&en$ of an es$a$e ha.e a")ead+ !een ins$i$#$ed% +e$ no ad&inis$)a$o) has !een a''oin$ed, In s# h ins$an es% $he hei)s anno$ !e e('e $ed $o wai$ fo) $he a''oin$&en$ of an ad&inis$)a$o)4 $hen wai$ f#)$he) $o see if $he ad&inis$)a$o) a''oin$ed wo#"d a)e eno#*h $o fi"e a s#i$ $o ')o$e $ $he )i*h$s and $he in$e)es$s of $he de eased4 and in $he &ean$i&e do no$hin* whi"e $he

)i*h$s and $he ')o'e)$ies of $he de eden$ a)e .io"a$ed o) dissi'a$ed, 7o) $he ')o$e $ion of $he in$e)es$s of $he de eden$% $his Co#)$ has )e o*niDed $he hei)s as ')o'e) )e')esen$a$i.es of $he de eden$% e.en when $he)e is a")ead+ an ad&inis$)a$o) a''oin$ed !+ $he o#)$, 2hen no ad&inis$)a$o) has !een a''oin$ed% $he)e is a"" $he &o)e )eason $o )e o*niDe $he hei)s as $he ')o'e) )e')esen$a$i.es of $he de eased, The hei)s anno$ !e e('e $ed $o wai$ fo) $he a''oin$&en$ of an ad&inis$)a$o)4 $hen wai$ f#)$he) $o see if $he ad&inis$)a$o) a''oin$ed wo#"d a)e eno#*h $o fi"e a s#i$ $o ')o$e $ $he )i*h$s and $he in$e)es$s of $he de eased4 and in $he &ean$i&e do no$hin* whi"e $he )i*h$s and $he ')o'e)$ies of $he de eden$ a)e .io"a$ed o) dissi'a$ed, JU+GE SU)ALJAG vs. SPOUSES LITERATO and RO+RIGO The M"e*a" )e')esen$a$i.esM $ha$ $he ')o.ision s'ea5s of% )efe) $o $hose a#$ho)iDed !+ "aw A $he ad&inis$)a$o)% e(e #$o) o) *#a)dian who% #nde) $he )#"e on se$$"e&en$ of es$a$e of de eased 'e)sons% is ons$i$#$ed $o $a5e o.e) $he es$a$e of $he de eased, The )eason fo) $he R#"e is $o ')o$e $ a"" on e)ned who &a+ !e affe $ed !+ $he in$e).enin* dea$h% 'a)$i #"a)"+ $he de eased and he) es$a$e, /ENTANILLA ENTERPRISES vs. TAN and S*ERIFF /ELAS0UE. I$ is $he 'a)$+Js d#$+ $o info)& $he o#)$ of i$s o#nse"Js de&ise% and fai"#)e $o a'')ise $he o#)$ of s# h fa $ sha"" !e onside)ed ne*"i*en e on $he 'a)$ of said 'a)$+, I$ is no$ $he d#$+ of $he o#)$s $o in6#i)e% d#)in* $he ')o*)ess of a ase, The+ anno$ 'ass $he !"a&e $o $he o#)$% whi h is no$ $as5ed $o &oni$o) $he han*es in $he i) #&s$an es of $he 'a)$ies and $hei) o#nse", Li$i*an$s who a)e )e')esen$ed !+ o#nse" sho#"d no$ e('e $ $ha$ a"" $he+ need $o do is si$ !a 5% )e"a( and awai$ $he o#$ o&e of $hei) ases, Re"ief wi"" no$ !e *)an$ed $o a 'a)$+ who see5s a.oidan e f)o& $he effe $s of $he 3#d*&en$ when $he "oss of $he )e&ed+ a$ "aw was d#e $o his own ne*"i*en e, ATT-. SARSABA vs. FE /+A. +E TE The )#"e on s#!s$i$#$ion !+ hei)s is no$ a &a$$e) of 3#)isdi $ion% !#$ a )e6#i)e&en$ of d#e ')o ess, The )#"e on s#!s$i$#$ion was )af$ed $o ')o$e $ e.e)+ 'a)$+Js )i*h$ $o d#e ')o ess, I$ was desi*ned $o ens#)e $ha$ $he de eased 'a)$+ wo#"d on$in#e $o !e ')o'e)"+ )e')esen$ed in $he s#i$ $h)o#*h his hei)s o) $he d#"+ a''oin$ed "e*a" )e')esen$a$i.e of his es$a$e, Go)eo.e)% nonA o&'"ian e wi$h $he R#"es )es#"$s in $he denia" of

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$he )i*h$ $o d#e ')o ess fo) $he hei)s who% $ho#*h no$ d#"+ no$ified of $he ')o eedin*s% wo#"d !e s#!s$an$ia""+ affe $ed !+ $he de ision )ende)ed $he)ein, Th#s% i$ is on"+ when $he)e is a denia" of d#e ')o ess% as when $he de eased is no$ )e')esen$ed !+ an+ "e*a" )e')esen$a$i.e o) hei)% $ha$ $he o#)$ n#""ifies $he $)ia" ')o eedin*s and $he )es#"$in* 3#d*&en$ $he)ein, 7ai"#)e of $he o#nse" $o o&'"+ wi$h his d#$+ $o info)& $he o#)$ of $he dea$h of his "ien$% s# h $ha$ no s#!s$i$#$ion is effe $ed% wi"" no$ in.a"ida$e $he ')o eedin*s and $he 3#d*&en$ )ende)ed $he)eon if $he a $ion s#).i.es $he dea$h of s# h 'a)$+, C)i$e)ia fo) de$e)&inin* whe$he) an a $ion s#).i.es $he dea$h of a '"ain$iff: The 6#es$ion as $o whe$he) an a $ion s#).i.es o) no$ de'ends on $he na$#)e of $he a $ion and $he da&a*e s#ed fo), If $he a#ses of a $ion whi h s#).i.e $he w)on* o&'"ained /of0 affe $s ')i&a)i"+ and ')in i'a""+ ')o'e)$+ and ')o'e)$+ )i*h$s% $he in3#)ies $o $he 'e)son !ein* &e)e"+ in iden$a"% whi"e in $he a#ses of a $ion whi h do no$ s#).i.e $he in3#)+ o&'"ained of is $o $he 'e)son $he ')o'e)$+ and )i*h$s of ')o'e)$+ affe $ed !ein* in iden$a", +AGA+AG vs. TONGNA7A and GA))O+ 2he)e $he 'e$i$ione) ;a '#!"i offi e)< eases $o !e &a+o)% $he a''ea" andFo) a $ion he ini$ia$ed &a+ !e on$in#ed and &ain$ained !+ his s# esso) if $he)e is s#!s$an$ia" need $o do so, If $he s# esso) fai"ed $o '#)s#e $he a''ea" andFo) a $ion% $he sa&e sho#"d !e dis&issed, CARAN+ANG vs. *EIRS OF +E GU.)AN

')o$e $ d#e ')o ess sa&e,

anno$ !e in.o5ed $o defea$ $he

AGUAS vs. LLE)OS ACTIONS THAT SURVIVE DEATH /a*ains$ a de eden$Js e(e #$o)s o) ad&inis$)a$o)s0: ;1< a $ions $o )e o.e) )ea" and 'e)sona" ')o'e)$+ f)o& $he es$a$e4 ;B< a $ions $o enfo) e a "ien $he)eon4 and ;>< a $ions $o )e o.e) da&a*es fo) an in3#)+ $o 'e)son o) ')o'e)$+, RULE >9 /ENUE OF ACTIONS )ARCOS5ARANETA vs. CA= BENE+ICTO Ven#e essen$ia""+ on e)ns a )#"e of ')o ed#)e whi h% in 'e)sona" a $ions% is fi(ed fo) $he *)ea$es$ on.enien e 'ossi!"e of $he '"ain$iff and his wi$nesses, The *)o#nd of i&')o'e)"+ "aid .en#e &#s$ !e )aised seasona!"+% e"se i$ is dee&ed wai.ed, 2he)e $he defendan$ fai"ed $o ei$he) fi"e a &o$ion $o dis&iss on $he *)o#nd of i&')o'e) .en#e o) in "#de $he sa&e as an affi)&a$i.e defense% he is dee&ed $o ha.e wai.ed his )i*h$ $o o!3e $ $o i&')o'e) .en#e, 2hen $he)e is &o)e $han one '"ain$iff in a 'e)sona" a $ion ase% $he )esiden es of $he ')in i'a" 'a)$ies sho#"d !e $he !asis fo) de$e)&inin* ')o'e) .en#e, ANG and ACERON vs. SPOUSES ALAN ANG The R#"es *i.e $he '"ain$iff $he o'$ion of hoosin* whe)e $o fi"e his o&'"ain$, He an fi"e i$ in $he '"a e ;1< whe)e he hi&se"f o) an+ of $he& )esides% o) ;B< whe)e $he defendan$ o) an+ of $he defendan$s )esides o) &a+ !e fo#nd, The '"ain$iff o) $he defendan$ &#s$ !e )esiden$s of $he '"a e whe)e $he a $ion has !een ins$i$#$ed a$ $he $i&e $he a $ion is o&&en ed, Howe.e)% if $he '"ain$iff does no$ )eside in $he Phi"i''ines% $he o&'"ain$ in s# h ase &a+ on"+ !e fi"ed in $he o#)$ of $he '"a e whe)e $he defendan$ )esides, The si$#s fo) !)in*in* )ea" and 'e)sona" i.i" a $ions is fi(ed !+ $he R#"es of Co#)$ $o a$$ain $he *)ea$es$ on.enien e 'ossi!"e $o $he "i$i*an$s and $hei) wi$nesses !+ affo)din* $he& &a(i&#& a essi!i"i$+ $o $he o#)$s, And e.en as $he )e*#"a$ion of .en#e is ')i&a)i"+ fo) $he on.enien e of $he '"ain$iff% as a$$es$ed !+ $he fa $ $ha$ $he hoi e of .en#e is *i.en $o hi&% i$ sho#"d no$ !e ons$)#ed $o #nd#"+ de')i.e a )esiden$ defendan$ of $he )i*h$s onfe))ed #'on hi& !+ $he R#"es of Co#)$, UNI/ERSAL ROBINA vs. LI) The )#"es s$a$es $ha$ defenses and o!3e $ions no$ '"eaded ei$he) in a &o$ion $o dis&iss o) in $he answe) a)e dee&ed wai.ed, The o#)$ &a+ on"+ dis&iss an a $ion motu proprio in ase of "a 5 of 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he

TORRES vs. RO+ELLAS 91?% R#"e > of $he Re.ised R#"es of Co#)$% a o#nse"% wi$hin >L da+s f)o& his "ien$8s dea$h% is d#$+A!o#nd $o info)& $he o#)$ of s# h fa $% and $o s#!&i$ $he na&es and add)esses of $he de eased "ien$8s "e*a" )e')esen$a$i.es, The)eaf$e)% $he o#)$ sha"" o)de)% fo)$hwi$h% $he a''ea)an e of and s#!s$i$#$ion !+ $he de eased 'a)$+8s "e*a" )e')esen$a$i.es wi$hin ano$he) 'e)iod of >L da+s f)o& no$i e, The hei)s &#s$ !e a""owed $o on$in#e an+ "i$i*a$ion $o ')o$e $ said ')o'e)$+ o) ')o'e)$+ )i*h$s and $o s#!s$i$#$e $he&se".es fo) $he de eased 'a)$+ in a o)dan e wi$h a'')o')ia$e )#"es, The de ision o#"d no$ ha.e a$$ained fina"i$+ !e a#se of $he nonAs#!s$i$#$ion of $he hei)s fo) $he de eased, The hei)s &#s$ !e *i.en $he o''o)$#ni$+ $o on$es$ $he ad.e)se 3#d*&en$ $ha$ affe $s $he ')o'e)$+ and ')o'e)$+ )i*h$s $o whi h $he+ s# eeded, A )#"e in$ended $o

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s#!3e $ &a$$e)% ')es )i'$ion,

litis

pendentia%

)es

3#di a$a

and

I&')o'e) .en#e no$ i&'"eaded in $he &o$ion $o dis&iss o) in $he answe) is dee&ed wai.ed, Th#s% a o#)$ &a+ no$ dis&iss an a $ion motu proprio on $he *)o#nd of i&')o'e) .en#e as i$ is no$ one of $he *)o#nds whe)ein $he o#)$ &a+ dis&iss an a $ion motu proprio on $he !asis of $he '"eadin*s, GO vs. UCPB The on$)o""in* fa $o) in de$e)&inin* .en#e is $he ')i&a)+ o!3e $i.e fo) whi h $he ase is fi"ed, The an e""a$ion of $he )ea" es$a$e &o)$*a*e is a )ea" a $ion% onside)in* $ha$ a )ea" es$a$e &o)$*a*e is a )ea" )i*h$ and a )ea" ')o'e)$+ !+ i$se"f, An a $ion fo) an e""a$ion of )ea" es$a$e &o)$*a*e is ne essa)i"+ an a $ion affe $in* $he $i$"e $o $he ')o'e)$+, I$ is% $he)efo)e% a )ea" a $ion whi h sho#"d !e o&&en ed and $)ied in $he '"a e whe)e $he s#!3e $ ')o'e)$+ "ies, *OEC*ST P*ILIPPINES vs. TORRES and +ONATO Chan*e o) $)ansfe) of .en#e f)o& $ha$ fi(ed in $he )#"es &a+ !e effe $ed #'on w)i$$en a*)ee&en$ of $he 'a)$ies no$ on"+ !efo)e $he a $#a" fi"in* of $he a $ion !#$ e.en af$e) $he sa&e has !een fi"ed, I$ is no$ on"+ !indin* !e$ween $he 'a)$ies !#$ a"so enfo) ea!"e !+ $he o#)$s, I$ is on"+ af$e) $he a $ion has !een fi"ed a")ead+ $ha$ han*e o) $)ansfe) of .en#e !+ a*)ee&en$ of $he 'a)$ies is #nde)s$anda!"+ on$)o""a!"e in $he dis )e$ion of $he o#)$, On $he o$he) hand% $he Co#)$ &a+ de "a)e $he a*)ee&en$ as $o .en#e $o !e in effe $ on$)a)+ $o '#!"i 'o"i +% whene.e) i$ is shown $ha$ a s$i'#"a$ion as $o .en#e wo)5s in3#s$i e !+ ')a $i a""+ den+in* $o $he 'a)$+ on e)ned a fai) o''o)$#ni$+ $o fi"e s#i$ in $he '"a e desi*na$ed !+ $he )#"es, P*ILIPPINE BAN6ING CORP. vs. *ON. TENSUAN Ven#e s$i'#"a$ions in a on$)a $% whi"e onside)ed .a"id and enfo) ea!"e% do no$ as )#"e s#'e)sede $he *ene)a" )#"e se$ fo)$h in R#"e H of $he Re.ised R#"es of Co#)$, In $he a!sen e of 6#a"if+in* o) )es$)i $i.e wo)ds% $he+ sho#"d !e onside)ed &e)e"+ as an a*)ee&en$ on addi$iona" fo)#&% no$ as "i&i$in* .en#e $o $he s'e ified '"a e, The+ a)e no$ e( "#si.e !#$% )a$he) 'e)&issi.e, 7o)% $o )es$)i $ .en#e on"+ $o $ha$ '"a e s$i'#"a$ed in $he a*)ee&en$ is a ons$)# $ion '#)e"+ !ased on $e hni a"i$+ whi h% on $he on$)a)+% sho#"d !e "i!e)a""+ ons$)#ed, PBCom vs. LI)= CAL+ERON and TRI5ORO A )es$)i $i.e s$i'#"a$ion on $he .en#e of a $ions on$ained in a ')o&isso)+ no$e a''"ies $o $he s#)e$+ a*)ee&en$ s#''o)$in* i$% !e a#se $he na$#)e of $he $wo

on$)a $s and $he fa $#a" i) #&s$an es s#))o#ndin* $hei) e(e #$ion a)e in$e)$wined o) in$e) onne $ed, The s#)e$+ a*)ee&en$ is &e)e"+ an a esso)+ $o $he ')in i'a" "oan a*)ee&en$ e&!odied in $he ')o&isso)+ no$e, Hen e% $he enfo) e&en$ of $he fo)&e) de'ends #'on $he "a$$e), -OUNG AUTO SUPPL- vs. CA= C*IONG RO3AS The Co)'o)a$ion Code ')e ise"+ )e6#i)es ea h o)'o)a$ion $o s'e if+ in i$s a)$i "es of in o)'o)a$ion $he M'"a e whe)e $he ')in i'a" offi e of $he o)'o)a$ion is $o !e "o a$ed whi h &#s$ !e wi$hin $he Phi"i''inesM, The '#)'ose of $his )e6#i)e&en$ is $o fi( $he )esiden e of a o)'o)a$ion in a defini$e '"a e% ins$ead of a""owin* i$ $o !e a&!#"a$o)+, To a""ow an a $ion $o !e ins$i$#$ed in an+ '"a e whe)e $he o)'o)a$ion has !)an h offi es% wo#"d )ea$e onf#sion and wo)5 #n$o"d in on.enien e $o said en$i$+, 1+ $he sa&e $o5en% a o)'o)a$ion anno$ !e a""owed $o fi"e 'e)sona" a $ions in a '"a e o$he) $han i$s ')in i'a" '"a e of !#siness #n"ess s# h a '"a e is a"so $he )esiden e of a oA'"ain$iff o) a defendan$, SALU+O vs. A)ERICAN E3PRESS INT4L 7o) '#)'oses of .en#e% $he "ess $e hni a" defini$ion of M)esiden eM is ado'$ed, Th#s% i$ is #nde)s$ood $o &ean as M$he 'e)sona"% a $#a" o) 'h+si a" ha!i$a$ion of a 'e)son% a $#a" )esiden e o) '"a e of a!ode, I$ si*nifies 'h+si a" ')esen e in a '"a e and a $#a" s$a+ $he)ea$, The $e)& &eans &e)e"+ )esiden e% $ha$ is% 'e)sona" )esiden e% no$ "e*a" )esiden e o) do&i i"e, Residen e si&'"+ )e6#i)es !odi"+ ')esen e as an inha!i$an$ in a *i.en '"a e% whi"e do&i i"e )e6#i)es !odi"+ ')esen e in $ha$ '"a e and a"so an in$en$ion $o &a5e i$ oneJs do&i i"e,M R. SAN LUIS vs. F. SAGALONGOS a.?.a. SAN LUIS MResidesM sho#"d !e .iewed o) #nde)s$ood in i$s 'o'#"a) sense% &eanin*% $he 'e)sona"% a $#a" o) 'h+si a" ha!i$a$ion of a 'e)son% a $#a" )esiden e o) '"a e of a!ode, I$ si*nifies 'h+si a" ')esen e in a '"a e and a $#a" s$a+ $he)ea$, In $his 'o'#"a) sense% $he $e)& &eans &e)e"+ )esiden e% $ha$ is% 'e)sona" )esiden e% no$ "e*a" )esiden e o) do&i i"e, Residen e si&'"+ )e6#i)es !odi"+ ')esen e as an inha!i$an$ in a *i.en '"a e% whi"e do&i i"e )e6#i)es !odi"+ ')esen e in $ha$ '"a e and a"so an in$en$ion $o &a5e i$ one8s do&i i"e, No 'a)$i #"a) "en*$h of $i&e of )esiden e is )e6#i)ed $ho#*h4 howe.e)% $he )esiden e &#s$ !e &o)e $han $e&'o)a)+, UNITE+ O/ERSEAS BAN6 @7EST)ONTA vs. ROSE)OORE )INING and PASCUAL The .en#e of )ea" a $ions affe $in* ')o'e)$ies fo#nd in diffe)en$ ')o.in es is de$e)&ined !+ $he sin*#"a)i$+ o)

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'"#)a"i$+ of $he $)ansa $ions in.o".in* said 'a) e"s of "and, 2he)e said 'a) e"s a)e $he o!3e $ of one and $he sa&e $)ansa $ion% $he .en#e is in $he o#)$ of ANK of $he ')o.in es whe)ein a 'a) e" of "and is si$#a$ed, In $he ase% $he)e is on"+ one ')o eedin* so#*h$ $o !e n#""ified and $ha$ is $he e($)aA3#di ia" &o)$*a*e fo)e "os#)e sa"e, And $he)e is on"+ one ini$ia" $)ansa $ion whi h se).ed as $he !asis of $he fo)e "os#)e sa"e and $ha$ is $he GORTGAGE CONTRACT, RULE B9 UNIFOR) PROCE+URE IN TRIAL COURTS BA-UBA- vs. CA= BIG )A6 BURGER R#"es of ')o ed#)e a)e in$ended $o ens#)e $he o)de)"+ ad&inis$)a$ion of 3#s$i e and $he ')o$e $ion of s#!s$an$i.e )i*h$s in 3#di ia" and e($)aA3#di ia" ')o eedin*s, I$ is a &is$a5e $o s#''ose $ha$ s#!s$an$i.e "aw and ad3e $i.e "aw a)e on$)adi $o)+ $o ea h o$he) o)% as has !een of$en s#**es$ed% $ha$ enfo) e&en$ of ')o ed#)a" )#"es sho#"d ne.e) !e 'e)&i$$ed if i$ wi"" )es#"$ in ')e3#di e $o $he s#!s$an$i.e )i*h$s of $he "i$i*an$s, This is no$ e(a $"+ $)#e4 $he on e'$ is &# h &is#nde)s$ood, As a &a$$e) of fa $ $he 'o"i + of $he o#)$s is $o *i.e effe $ $o !o$h 5inds of "aw% as o&'"e&en$in* ea h o$he)% in $he 3#s$ and s'eed+ )eso"#$ion of $he dis'#$e !e$ween $he 'a)$ies, Observance of both substantive and procedural rights is equally guaranteed by due process, whatever the source of such rights, be it the Constitution itself or only a statute or a rule of court, LUCAS vs. FABROS Se , 1@ ; < of $he Re.ised R#"es on S#&&a)+ P)o ed#)e effe $i.e No.e&!e) 1:% 1@@1: MThe &o$ion ')ohi!i$ed !+ $his 9 is $ha$ whi h see5s )e onside)a$ion of $he 3#d*&en$ )ende)ed !+ $he o#)$ af$e) $)ia" on $he &e)i$s of $he ase,M BONGATO vs. SPOUSES )AL/AR An a $ion fo) fo) i!"e en$)+ is a 6#ie$in* ')o ess $ha$ is s#&&a)+ in na$#)e, I$ is desi*ned $o )e o.e) 'h+si a" 'ossession in s'eed+ ')o eedin*s $ha$ a)e )es$)i $i.e in na$#)e% s o'e and $i&e "i&i$s, The oneA+ea) !a) wi$hin whi h $o !)in* $he s#i$ is ')es )i!ed $o o&'"e&en$ i$s s#&&a)+ na$#)e, Th#s% af$e) $he oneA+ea) 'e)iod has "a'sed% '"ain$iffs an no "on*e) a.ai" $he&se".es of $he s#&&a)+ ')o eedin*s in $he &#ni i'a" $)ia" o#)$ !#$ &#s$ "i$i*a$e% in $he no)&a" o#)se% in $he )e*iona" $)ia" o#)$ in an o)dina)+ a $ion $o )e o.e) 'ossession% o) $o )e o.e) !o$h owne)shi' and 'ossession, PASCUAL vs. JU+GE JO/ELLANOS G#ni i'a" $)ia" o#)$ 3#d*es o#*h$ $o !e fa&i"ia) wi$h $he R#"es on S#&&a)+ P)o ed#)e *o.e)nin* e3e $&en$

ases, 7ai"#)e $o o!se).e $he& i*no)an e of $he "aw,

ons$i$#$es *)oss

LUNA vs. )IRAFUENTE Li!e)a" in$e)')e$a$ion o) ons$)# $ion of $he "aw o) )#"es% howe.e)% is no$ a f)ee o&&odi$+ $ha$ &a+ !e a.ai"ed of in a"" ins$an es #nde) $he "oa5 of )ende)in* 3#s$i e, Li!e)a"i$+ in $he in$e)')e$a$ion and a''"i a$ion of R#"es a''"ies on"+ in ')o'e) ases and #nde) 3#s$ifia!"e a#ses and i) #&s$an es, 2hi"e i$ is $)#e $ha$ "i$i*a$ion is no$ a *a&e of $e hni a"i$ies% i$ is e6#a""+ $)#e $ha$ e.e)+ ase &#s$ !e ')ose #$ed in a o)dan e wi$h $he ')es )i!ed ')o ed#)e $o ins#)e an o)de)"+ and s'eed+ ad&inis$)a$ion of 3#s$i e, GO vs. CA and STAR GROUP RESOURCES P)i.a$e )es'onden$ anno$ a''ea" $he o)de)% !ein* in$e)"o #$o)+, 1#$ nei$he) an i$ fi"e a 'e$i$ion fo) e)$io)a)i% !e a#se e3e $&en$ s#i$s fa"" #nde) $he Re.ised R#"es on S#&&a)+ P)o ed#)e, 2he)e $he $)ia" o#)$ a!#ses i$s dis )e$ion !+ indefini$e"+ s#s'endin* s#&&a)+ ')o eedin* in.o".in* e3e $&en$ ases% a 'e$i$ion fo) e)$io)a)i &a+ !e en$e)$ained !+ $he ')o'e) o#)$ $o o))e $ $he !"#nde), In $he in$e)es$ of 3#s$i e and in .iew of $he ')o ed#)a" .oid on $he s#!3e $% an a''ea" &a+ !e $)ea$ed as a 'e$i$ion fo) e)$io)a)i fo) $his '#)'ose and on"+ in $his ins$an e% pro hac vice, SEC. LI)A vs. GAT+ULA S#&&a)+ ')o ed#)e on"+ a''"ies $o "owe) o#)$s ;GTCFGTCCFGCTCs<, I$ is &indA!o**"in* how $his )#"e o#"d 'ossi!"+ a''"+ $o ')o eedin*s in an RTC, Aside f)o& $ha$% $his Co#)$ "i&i$ed $he a''"i a$ion of s#&&a)+ ')o ed#)e $o e)$ain i.i" and )i&ina" ases, A w)i$ of A&'a)o is a s'e ia" ')o eedin*, I$ is a )e&ed+ !+ whi h a 'a)$+ see5s $o es$a!"ish a s$a$#s% a )i*h$ o) 'a)$i #"a) fa $, I$ is no$ a i.i" no) a )i&ina" a $ion, Hen e% $he a''"i a$ion of $he Re.ised R#"e on S#&&a)+ P)o ed#)e is se)io#s"+ &is'"a ed, The Re$#)n in A&'a)o ases a""ows $he )es'onden$s $o f)a&e $he iss#es s#!3e $ $o a hea)in*, Hen e% i$ sho#"d !e done ')io) $o $he hea)in*% no$ af$e), A &e&o)and#&% on $he o$he) hand% is a s+n$hesis of $he "ai&s of $he 'a)$+ "i$i*an$s and is a fina" '"eadin* #s#a""+ )e6#i)ed !efo)e $he ase is s#!&i$$ed fo) de ision, One anno$ s#!s$i$#$e fo) $he o$he) sin e $hese s#!&issions ha.e diffe)en$ f#n $ions in fa i"i$a$in* $he s#i$, Go)e i&'o)$an$"+% a &e&o)and#& is a ')ohi!i$ed '"eadin* #nde) $he R#"e on $he 2)i$ of A&'a)o, The ')i.i"e*e of $he 2)i$ of A&'a)o sho#"d !e dis$in*#ished f)o& $he a $#a" o)de) a""ed $he 2)i$ of A&'a)o, The ')i.i"e*e in "#des a.ai"&en$ of $he en$i)e

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')o ed#)e o#$"ined in A,G, No, LCA@A1BASC% $he R#"e on $he 2)i$ of A&'a)o, Af$e) e(a&inin* $he 'e$i$ion and i$s a$$a hed affida.i$s% $he Re$#)n and $he e.iden e ')esen$ed in $he s#&&a)+ hea)in*% $he 3#d*&en$ sho#"d de$ai" $he )e6#i)ed a $s f)o& $he )es'onden$s $ha$ wi"" &i$i*a$e% if no$ $o$a""+ e)adi a$e% $he .io"a$ion of o) $he $h)ea$ $o $he 'e$i$ione)Js "ife% "i!e)$+ o) se #)i$+, A 3#d*&en$ whi h si&'"+ *)an$s M$he ')i.i"e*e of $he w)i$M anno$ !e e(e #$ed, I$ is $an$a&o#n$ $o a fai"#)e of $he 3#d*e $o in$e).ene and *)an$ 3#di ia" s# o) $o $he 'e$i$ione), Pe$i$ions fi"ed $o a.ai" of $he ')i.i"e*e of $he 2)i$ of A&'a)o a)ise o#$ of .e)+ )ea" and on )e$e i) #&s$an es, E#di ia" )es'onses anno$ !e as $)a*i a""+ s+&!o"i o) )i$#a"is$i as M*)an$in* $he ')i.i"e*e of $he 2)i$ of A&'a)o,M RULE C9 6IN+S OF PLEA+INGS /ICTORINA vs. BRE7)ASTER INT4L A COGPLAINT &#s$ &a5e a '"ain% on ise% and di)e $ s$a$e&en$ of $he #"$i&a$e fa $s on whi h $he '"ain$iff )e"ies fo) his "ai&, ULTIGATE 7ACTS &ean $he i&'o)$an$ and s#!s$an$ia" fa $s whi h ei$he) di)e $"+ fo)& $he !asis of $he '"ain$iffJs ')i&a)+ )i*h$ and d#$+ o) di)e $"+ &a5e #' $he w)on*f#" a $s o) o&issions of $he defendan$, The+ )efe) $o $he ')in i'a"% de$e)&ina$i.e% ons$i$#$i.e fa $s #'on $he e(is$en e of whi h $he a#se of a $ion )es$s, The $e)& does no$ )efe) $o de$ai"s of ')o!a$i.e &a$$e) o) 'a)$i #"a)s of e.iden e whi h es$a!"ish $he &a$e)ia" e"e&en$s, The TEST O7 SU77ICIENCK of $he fa $s a""e*ed in a o&'"ain$ $o ons$i$#$e a a#se of a $ion is whe$he)% ad&i$$in* $he fa $s a""e*ed% $he o#)$ o#"d )ende) a .a"id 3#d*&en$ #'on $he sa&e in a o)dan e wi$h $he ')a+e) of $he 'e$i$ion o) o&'"ain$, )ONGAO vs. PR-CE PROPERTIES 2he)e an answe) fai"s $o $ende) an iss#e% o) o$he)wise ad&i$s $he &a$e)ia" a""e*a$ions of $he ad.e)se 'a)$+Js '"eadin*% $he o#)$ &a+% on &o$ion of $ha$ 'a)$+% di)e $ 3#d*&en$ on s# h '"eadin*,- The answe) wo#"d fai" $o $ende) an iss#e% of o#)se% if i$ does no$ o&'"+ wi$h $he )e6#i)e&en$s fo) a s'e ifi denia" se$ o#$ in 91L ;o) 9=< of R#"e =4 and i$ wo#"d ad&i$ $he &a$e)ia" a""e*a$ions of $he ad.e)se 'a)$+Js '"eadin*s no$ on"+ whe)e i$ e(')ess"+ onfesses $he $)#$hf#"ness $he)eof !#$ a"so if i$ o&i$s $o dea" wi$h $he& a$ a"", If an answe) does in fa $ s'e ifi a""+ den+ $he &a$e)ia" a.e)&en$s of $he o&'"ain$ in $he &anne) indi a$ed !+ said 91L of R#"e =% andFo) asse)$s affi)&a$i.e defenses ;a""e*a$ions of new &a$$e) whi h% whi"e ad&i$$in* $he &a$e)ia" a""e*a$ions of $he o&'"ain$ e(')ess"+ o) i&'"ied"+% wo#"d ne.e)$he"ess ')e.en$ o) !a) )e o.e)+ !+

$he '"ain$iff< in a o)dan e wi$h 9H and 9: of R#"e ?% a 3#d*&en$ on $he '"eadin*s wo#"d na$#)a""+ no$ !e ')o'e), The)e is EOINDER O7 ISSUES when $he answe) &a5es a s'e ifi denia" of $he &a$e)ia" a""e*a$ions in $he o&'"ain$ o) asse)$s affi)&a$i.e defenses whi h wo#"d !a) )e o.e)+ !+ $he '"ain$iff, 2he)e $he)e is ')o'e) 3oinde) of iss#es% $he $)ia" o#)$ is !a))ed f)o& )ende)in* 3#d*&en$ !ased on"+ on $he '"eadin*s fi"ed !+ $he 'a)$ies and &#s$ ond# $ ')o eedin*s fo) $he )e e'$ion of e.iden e, On $he o$he) hand% an answe) fai"s $o $ende) an iss#e whe)e $he a""e*a$ions ad&i$ $he a""e*a$ions in s#''o)$ of $he '"ain$iff8s a#se of a $ion o) fai" $o add)ess $he& a$ a"", In ei$he) ase% $he)e is no *en#ine iss#e and 3#d*&en$ on $he '"eadin*s is ')o'e), An answe) &a+ a""e*e affi)&a$i.e defenses whi h &a+ s$)i5e down $he '"ain$iff8s a#se of a $ion, An A77IRGATIVE DE7ENSE is one whi h is no$ a denia" of an essen$ia" in*)edien$ in $he '"ain$iff8s a#se of a $ion% !#$ one whi h% if es$a!"ished% wi"" !e a *ood defenseS i,e, an Ma.oidan eM of $he "ai&, Affi)&a$i.e defenses in "#de f)a#d% s$a$#$e of "i&i$a$ions% )e"ease 'a+&en$% i""e*a"i$+% s$a$#$e of f)a#ds% es$o''e"% fo)&e) )e o.e)+% dis ha)*e in !an5)#'$ +% and an+ o$he) &a$$e) !+ wa+ of onfession and a.oidan e, 2hen $he answe) asse)$s affi)&a$i.e defenses% $he)e is ')o'e) 3oinde) of iss#es whi h &#s$ !e .en$i"a$ed in a f#""A!"own $)ia" on $he &e)i$s and anno$ !e )eso".ed !+ a &e)e 3#d*&en$ on $he '"eadin*s, BUNCA-AO vs. FORT ILOCAN+IA PROPERTIES A COGPULSORK COUNTERCLAIG is an+ "ai& fo) &one+ o) an+ )e"ief% whi h a defendin* 'a)$+ &a+ ha.e a*ains$ an o''osin* 'a)$+% whi h a$ $he $i&e of s#i$ a)ises o#$ of% o) is ne essa)i"+ onne $ed wi$h% $he sa&e $)ansa $ion o) o #))en e $ha$ is $he s#!3e $ &a$$e) of $he '"ain$iffJs o&'"ain$, I$ is o&'#"so)+ in $he sense $ha$ i$ is wi$hin $he 3#)isdi $ion of $he o#)$% does no$ )e6#i)e fo) i$s ad3#di a$ion $he ')esen e of $hi)d 'a)$ies o.e) who& $he o#)$ anno$ a 6#i)e 3#)isdi $ion% and wi"" !e !a))ed in $he f#$#)e if no$ se$ #' in $he answe) $o $he o&'"ain$ in $he sa&e ase, An+ o$he) o#n$e) "ai& is 'e)&issi.e, The o&'e""in* $es$ of o&'#"so)iness ha)a $e)iDes a o#n$e) "ai& as o&'#"so)+ if $he)e sho#"d e(is$ a "o*i a" )e"a$ionshi' !e$ween $he &ain "ai& and $he o#n$e) "ai&, The CRITERIA TO DETERGINE whe$he) $he o#n$e) "ai& is o&'#"so)+ o) 'e)&issi.e a)e as fo""ows: a< A)e iss#es of fa $ and "aw )aised !+ $he "ai& and !+ $he o#n$e) "ai& "a)*e"+ $he sa&eT !< 2o#"d )es 3#di a$a !a) a s#!se6#en$ s#i$ on defendan$Js "ai&% a!sen$ $he o&'#"so)+ )#"eT

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< 2i"" s#!s$an$ia""+ $he sa&e e.iden e s#''o)$ o) )ef#$e '"ain$iffJs "ai& as we"" as defendan$Js o#n$e) "ai&T d< Is $he)e an+ "o*i a" )e"a$ions !e$ween $he "ai& and $he o#n$e) "ai&T GSIS vs. *EIRS OF CABALLERO TESTS: ;a< A)e $he iss#es of fa $ and "aw )aised !+ $he "ai& and !+ $he o#n$e) "ai& "a)*e"+ $he sa&eT ;!< 2o#"d )es 3#di a$a !a) a s#!se6#en$ s#i$ on defendan$s "ai&s% a!sen$ $he o&'#"so)+ o#n$e) "ai& )#"eT ; < 2i"" s#!s$an$ia""+ $he sa&e e.iden e s#''o)$ o) )ef#$e '"ain$iffs "ai& as we"" as $he defendan$s o#n$e) "ai&T and ;d< Is $he)e an+ "o*i a" )e"a$ion !e$ween $he "ai& and $he o#n$e) "ai&T A 'osi$i.e answe) $o a"" fo#) 6#es$ions wo#"d indi a$e $ha$ $he o#n$e) "ai& is o&'#"so)+, The )#"e in PERGISSIVE COUNTERCLAIGS is $ha$ fo) $he $)ia" o#)$ $o a 6#i)e 3#)isdi $ion% $he o#n$e) "ai&an$ is !o#nd $o 'a+ $he ')es )i!ed do 5e$ fees, CALO vs. AJA3 A o&'#"so)+ o#n$e) "ai& no$ se$ #' is !a))ed% when a''"ied $o $he &#ni i'a" o#)$% ')es#''oses $ha$ $he a&o#n$ in.o".ed is wi$hin $he said o#)$Js 3#)isdi $ion, 7o)% e.en if $he o#n$e) "ai& in e( ess of $he a&o#n$ o*niDa!"e !+ $he infe)io) o#)$ is se$ #'% $he defendan$ anno$ o!$ain 'osi$i.e )e"ief, The R#"es a""ow $his on"+ fo) $he defendan$ $o ')e.en$ '"ain$iff f)o& )e o.e)in* f)o& hi&, This &eans $ha$ sho#"d $he o#)$ find !o$h '"ain$iffJs o&'"ain$ and defendan$Js o#n$e) "ai& ;fo) an a&o#n$ e( eedin* said o#)$Js 3#)isdi $ion< &e)i$o)io#s% i$ wi"" si&'"+ dis&iss $he o&'"ain$ on $he *)o#nd $ha$ defendan$ has a !i**e) )edi$, Sin e defendan$ s$i"" has $o ins$i$#$e a se'a)a$e a $ion fo) $he )e&ainin* !a"an e of his o#n$e) "ai&% $he ')e.io#s "i$i*a$ion did no$ )ea""+ se$$"e a"" )e"a$ed on$)o.e)sies, ICTSI vs. COURT OF APPEALS R#"e 1C% Se , B Mif a o#n$e) "ai& has !een '"eaded !+ a defendan$ ')io) $o $he se).i e #'on hi& of a &o$ion $o dis&iss% $he a $ion sha"" no$ !e dis&issed a*ains$ $he defendan$8s o!3e $ion #n"ess $he o#n$e) "ai& an )e&ain 'endin* fo) inde'enden$ ad3#di a$ion !+ $he Co#)$,M A o#n$e) "ai& is 'e)&issi.e if i$ does no$ a)ise o#$ of no) is i$ ne essa)i"+ onne $ed wi$h $he s#!3e $ &a$$e) of $he o''osin* 'a)$+8s "ai&, I$ is no$ !a))ed e.en if no$ se$ #' in $he a $ion, )ETALS ENGINEERING vs. COURT OF APPEALS

COGPULSORK COUNTERCLAIG anno$ !e &ade $he s#!3e $ of a se'a)a$e a $ion !#$ sho#"d !e asse)$ed in $he sa&e s#i$ in.o".in* $he sa&e $)ansa $ion o) o #))en e *i.in* )ise $o i$, 2he)e $he o#n$e) "ai& is &ade $he s#!3e $ of a se'a)a$e s#i$% i$ &a+ !e a!a$ed #'on a '"ea of a#$e) a $ion 'endan$ o) "i$is 'enden$ia% and o) dis&issed on $he *)o#nd of )es 3#di a$a, A o&'#"so)+ o#n$e) "ai& is a#(i"ia)+ $o $he ')o eedin* in $he o)i*ina" s#i$ and de)i.es i$s 3#)isdi $iona" s#''o)$ $he)ef)o&% inas&# h as i$ a)ises o#$ of o) is ne essa)i"+ onne $ed wi$h $he $)ansa $ion o) o #))en e $ha$ is $he s#!3e $ &a$$e) of $he o&'"ain$, I$ fo""ows $ha$ if $he o#)$ does no$ ha.e 3#)isdi $ion $o en$e)$ain $he &ain a $ion of $he ase and dis&isses $he sa&e% $hen $he o&'#"so)+ o#n$e) "ai&% !ein* an i""a)+ $o $he ')in i'a" on$)o.e)s+% &#s$ "i5ewise !e dis&issed sin e no 3#)isdi $ion )e&ained fo) an+ *)an$ of )e"ief #nde) $he o#n$e) "ai&, A o#n$e) "ai& ')es#''oses $he e(is$en e of a "ai& a*ains$ $he 'a)$+ fi"in* $he o#n$e) "ai&, 2he)e $he)e is no "ai& a*ains$ $he o#n$e) "ai&an$% $hen $he o#n$e) "ai& is i&')o'e) and sho#"d !e dis&issed, COJUANGCO vs. /ILLEGAS A o#n$e) "ai& o) )ossA "ai& no$ se$ #' sha"" !e !a))ed if i$ a)ises o#$ of o) is ne essa)i"+ onne $ed wi$h% $he $)ansa $ion o) o #))en e $ha$ is $he s#!3e $A&a$$e) of $he o''osin* 'a)$+Js o) oA'a)$+Js "ai& and does no$ )e6#i)e fo) i$s ad3#di a$ion $he ')esen e of $hi)d 'a)$ies of who& $he o#)$ anno$ a 6#i)e 3#)isdi $ion, Vi""e*as fai"ed $o se$ #' s# h a"$e)na$i.e defense ;i,e, a !#i"de) in *ood fai$h is en$i$"ed $o )e o.e) $he .a"#e of i&')o.e&en$s< and ins$ead )e"ied on $he so"e defense $ha$ she inhe)i$ed $he "and f)o& he) 'a)en$s% $he )e3e $ion $he)eof was a o&'"e$e )eso"#$ion of $he on$)o.e)s+ !e$ween $he 'a)$ies whi h !a)s a "a$e) ase !ased #'on $he #n'"eaded defense, The ad3#di a$ion of $he iss#e 3oined !+ $he 'a)$ies in $he ea)"ie) ase ons$i$#$es )es 3#di a$a% $he $heo)+ !ein* $ha$ wha$ is !a))ed !+ ')io) 3#d*&en$ a)e no$ on"+ $he &a$$e)s a $#a""+ )aised and "i$i*a$ed #'on% !#$ a"so s# h o$he) &a$$e)s as o#"d ha.e !een )aised !#$ we)e no$, AGANA vs. LAG)AN Ad&inis$)a$i.e Ci) #"a) No, LHA@H does no$ a''"+ $o o&'#"so)+ o#n$e) "ai&s, The i) #"a) a''"ies $o ini$ia$o)+ and si&i"a) '"eadin*s, A o&'#"so)+ o#n$e) "ai& se$ #' in $he answe) is no$ an Mini$ia$o)+M o) si&i"a) '"eadin*, The ini$ia$o)+ '"eadin* is $he '"ain$iffJs o&'"ain$, A )es'onden$ has no hoi e !#$ $o )aise a o&'#"so)+ o#n$e) "ai& $he &o&en$ $he '"ain$iff fi"es $he o&'"ain$, O$he)wise% )es'onden$ wai.es $he o&'#"so)+ o#n$e) "ai&, The o&'#"so)+ o#n$e) "ai&

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is a )ea $ion o) )es'onse% &anda$o)+ #'on 'ain of wai.e)% $o an ini$ia$o)+ '"eadin* whi h is $he o&'"ain$, If i$ is a 'e)&issi.e o#n$e) "ai&% $he "a 5 of a e)$ifi a$e of nonAfo)#& sho''in* is fa$a", If i$ is a o&'#"so)+ o#n$e) "ai&% $he "a 5 of a e)$ifi a$e of nonAfo)#& sho''in* is i&&a$e)ia", P*ILTRANCO vs. PARAS and INLAN+ TRAIL7A-S In an a $ion fo) !)ea h of on$)a $ of a))ia*e o&&en ed !+ a 'assen*e) a*ains$ his o&&on a))ie)% $he '"ain$iff an )e o.e) da&a*es f)o& a $hi)dA'a)$+ defendan$ !)o#*h$ in$o $he s#i$ !+ $he o&&on a))ie) #'on a "ai& !ased on $o)$ o) 6#asiAde"i $, The "ia!i"i$+ of $he $hi)dA'a)$+ defendan$ is inde'enden$ f)o& $he "ia!i"i$+ of $he o&&on a))ie) $o $he 'assen*e), A THIRDAPARTK COGPLAINT is a "ai& $ha$ a defendin* 'a)$+ &a+% wi$h "ea.e of o#)$% fi"e a*ains$ a 'e)son no$ a 'a)$+ $o $he a $ion% a""ed $he $hi)dA'a)$+ defendan$% fo) on$)i!#$ion% inde&ni$+% s#!)o*a$ion o) an+ o$he) )e"ief% in )es'e $ of his o''onen$8s "ai&, The i&'"eade) of new 'a)$ies #nde) $his )#"e is ')o'e) on"+ when a )i*h$ $o )e"ief e(is$s #nde) $he a''"i a!"e s#!s$an$i.e "aw, This )#"e is &e)e"+ a ')o ed#)a" &e hanis&% and anno$ !e #$i"iDed #n"ess $he)e is so&e s#!s$an$i.e !asis #nde) a''"i a!"e "aw, The RE0UISITES fo) a $hi)dA'a)$+ a $ion a)e% firstly% $ha$ $he 'a)$+ $o !e i&'"eaded &#s$ no$ +e$ !e a 'a)$+ $o $he a $ion4 secondly% $ha$ $he "ai& a*ains$ $he $hi)dA 'a)$+ defendan$ &#s$ !e"on* $o $he o)i*ina" defendan$4 thirdly% $he "ai& of $he o)i*ina" defendan$ a*ains$ $he $hi)dA'a)$+ defendan$ &#s$ !e !ased #'on $he '"ain$iff8s "ai& a*ains$ $he o)i*ina" defendan$4 and% fourthly% $he defendan$ is a$$e&'$in* $o $)ansfe) $o $he $hi)dA'a)$+ defendan$ $he "ia!i"i$+ asse)$ed a*ains$ hi& !+ $he o)i*ina" '"ain$iff, The $hi)dA'a)$+ "ai& need no$ !e !ased on $he sa&e $heo)+ as $he &ain "ai&, 7o) e(a&'"e% $he)e a)e ases in whi h $he $hi)dA'a)$+ "ai& is !ased on an e(')ess inde&ni$+ on$)a $ and $he o)i*ina" o&'"ain$ is f)a&ed in $e)&s of ne*"i*en e, Si&i"a)"+% $he)e need no$ !e an+ "e*a" )e"a$ionshi' !e$ween $he $hi)dA'a)$+ defendan$ and an+ of $he o$he) 'a)$ies $o $he a $ion, I&'"eade) a"so is ')o'e) e.en $ho#*h $he $hi)d 'a)$+8s "ia!i"i$+ is on$in*en$% and $e hni a""+ does no$ o&e in$o e(is$en e #n$i" $he o)i*ina" defendan$8s "ia!i"i$+ has !een es$a!"ished, In addi$ion% $he wo)ds Nis o) &a+ !e "ia!"e8 in R#"e 1H;a< &a5e i$ "ea) $ha$ i&'"eade) is ')o'e) e.en $ho#*h $he $hi)dA'a)$+ defendan$8s "ia!i"i$+ is no$ a#$o&a$i a""+ es$a!"ished on e $he $hi)dA'a)$+ '"ain$iff8s "ia!i"i$+ $o $he o)i*ina" '"ain$iff has !een de$e)&ined, SINGAPORE AIRLINES vs. COURT OF APPEALS

The $hi)dA'a)$+ o&'"ain$ is a $#a""+ inde'enden$ of and se'a)a$e and dis$in $ f)o& $he '"ain$iffJs o&'"ain$, , , , 2hen "ea.e $o fi"e $he $hi)dA'a)$+ o&'"ain$ is ')o'e)"+ *)an$ed% $he Co#)$ )ende)s in effe $ $wo 3#d*&en$s in $he sa&e ase% one on $he '"ain$iffJs o&'"ain$ and $he o$he) on $he $hi)dA'a)$+ o&'"ain$, 2hen he finds fa.o)a!"+ on !o$h o&'"ain$s% as in $his ase% he )ende)s 3#d*&en$ on $he ')in i'a" o&'"ain$ in fa.o) of '"ain$iff a*ains$ defendan$ and )ende)s ano$he) 3#d*&en$ on $he $hi)dA 'a)$+ o&'"ain$ in fa.o) of defendan$ as $hi)dA'a)$+ '"ain$iff% o)de)in* $he $hi)dA'a)$+ defendan$ $o )ei&!#)se $he defendan$ wha$e.e) a&o#n$ said defendan$ is o)de)ed $o 'a+ '"ain$iff in $he ase, 7ai"#)e of an+ of said 'a)$ies in s# h a ase $o a''ea" $he 3#d*&en$ as a*ains$ hi& &a5es s# h 3#d*&en$ fina" and e(e #$o)+, 1+ $he sa&e $o5en% an a''ea" !+ one 'a)$+ f)o& s# h 3#d*&en$ does NOT in#)e $o $he !enefi$ of $he o$he) 'a)$+ who has no$ a''ea"ed no) an i$ !e dee&ed $o !e an a''ea" of s# h o$he) 'a)$+ f)o& $he 3#d*&en$ a*ains$ hi&, The)e is no 6#es$ion $ha$ a $hi)dA'a)$+ defendan$ is a""owed $o se$ #' in his answe) $he defenses whi h $he $hi)dA'a)$+ '"ain$iff ;o)i*ina" defendan$< has o) &a+ ha.e $o $he '"ain$iffJs "ai&, 2hi"e $he $hi)dA'a)$+ defendan$4 wo#"d !enefi$ f)o& a .i $o)+ !+ $he $hi)dA'a)$+ '"ain$iff a*ains$ $he '"ain$iff% $his is $)#e on"+ when $he $hi)dA'a)$+ '"ain$iff and $hi)dA'a)$+ defendan$ ha.e NONACONTRADICTORK DE7ENSES, RULE D9 PARTS OF A PLEA+ING 0UI)PO vs. +ELA /ICTORIA 2he)e $he '"ain$iff s$a$ed $ha$ $he a""e*a$ions in $he o&'"ain$ a)e $)#e and o))e $% !#$ o&i$$ed $o s$a$e $ha$ said on "#sion was )ea hed of his own 5now"ed*e% i$ is "o*i a""+ infe)a!"e $ha$ his s$a$e&en$ is of his own 5now"ed*e sin e he was a 'a)$+ and i$ does no$ a''ea) $ha$ he was .e)if+in* #'on info)&a$ion and !e"ief, If 'e$i$ione) en$e)$ained do#!$ a!o#$ $he $)#e ha)a $e) of $he .e)ifi a$ion% he sho#"d ha.e as5ed $ha$ i$ !e &ade &o)e defini$e, Go)eo.e)% e.en if $he .e)ifi a$ion is ins#ffi ien$% $ha$ ins#ffi ien + wo#"d no$ )ende) $he o&'"ain$% o) $he who"e ')o eedin*s in $he o#)$ !e"ow% .oid, Re6#i)e&en$ )e*a)din* .e)ifi a$ion is no$ 3#)isdi $iona"% !#$ &e)e"+ fo)&a", In o)de) $ha$ $he *)o#nd of 'enden + of ano$he) a $ion !e$ween $he sa&e 'a)$ies fo) $he sa&e a#se &a+ !e a.ai"ed of in a &o$ion $o dis&iss $he)e &#s$ !e% !e$ween $he a $ion #nde) onside)a$ion and $he o$he) a $ion% ;I< iden$i$+ of 'a)$ies% o) a$ "eas$ s# h as )e')esen$in* $he sa&e in$e)es$ in !o$h a $ions4 ;B< iden$i$+ of )i*h$s asse)$ed and )e"ief ')a+ed fo)% $he )e"ief !ein* fo#nded on $he sa&e fa $s4 and ;>< $he iden$i$+ on $he $wo ')e edin* 'a)$i #"a)s sho#"d !e s# h $ha$ an+ 3#d*&en$ whi h &a+ !e )ende)ed on $he o$he) a $ion wi""

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)e*a)d"ess of whi h 'a)$+ is s# essf#"% a&o#n$ $o res adjudicata in $he a $ion #nde) onside)a$ion, SA)EER O/ERSEAS vs. SANTOS= ET AL. An UNSIGNED PLEADING ')od# es no "e*a" effe $, Howe.e)% $he o#)$ a+% in i$s dis )e$ion% a""ow s# h defi ien + $o !e )e&edied if i$ sha"" a''ea) $ha$ $he sa&e was d#e $o &e)e inad.e)$en e and no$ in$ended fo) de"a+, Co#nse" who de"i!e)a$e"+ fi"es an #nsi*ned '"eadin*% o) si*ns a '"eadin* in .io"a$ion of $his R#"e% o) a""e*es s anda"o#s o) inde en$ &a$$e) $he)ein% o) fai"s $o ')o&'$"+ )e'o)$ $o $he o#)$ a han*e of his add)ess% sha"" !e s#!3e $ $o a'')o')ia$e dis i'"ina)+ a $ion, 7ORUG SHOPPING is defined as an a $ of a 'a)$+% a*ains$ who& an ad.e)se 3#d*&en$ o) o)de) has !een )ende)ed in one fo)#&% of see5in* and 'ossi!"+ *e$$in* a fa.o)a!"e o'inion in ano$he) fo)#&% o$he) $han !+ a''ea" o) s'e ia" i.i" a $ion fo) e)$io)a)i, I$ &a+ a"so !e $he ins$i$#$ion of $wo o) &o)e a $ions o) ')o eedin*s *)o#nded on $he sa&e a#se on $he s#''osi$ion $ha$ one o) $he o$he) o#)$ wo#"d &a5e a fa.o)a!"e dis'osi$ion, The)e is fo)#& sho''in* whe)e $he e"e&en$s of litis pendentia a)e ')esen$% na&e"+: ;a< $he)e is iden$i$+ of 'a)$ies% o) a$ "eas$ s# h 'a)$ies as )e')esen$ $he sa&e in$e)es$ in !o$h a $ions4 ;!< $he)e is iden$i$+ of )i*h$s asse)$ed and )e"ief ')a+ed fo)% $he )e"ief !ein* fo#nded on $he sa&e se$ of fa $s4 and ; < $he iden$i$+ of $he $wo ')e edin* 'a)$i #"a)s is s# h $ha$ an+ 3#d*&en$ )ende)ed in $he 'endin* ase% )e*a)d"ess of whi h 'a)$+ is s# essf#"% wo#"d a&o#n$ $o )es 3#di a$a in $he o$he), AN+ERSON vs. *O A M e)$ifi a$ion is a 'e #"ia) 'e)sona" )e')esen$a$ion on $he 'a)$ of $he ')in i'a" 'a)$+% an ass#)an e *i.en $o $he o#)$ o) o$he) $)i!#na" $ha$ $he)e a)e no o$he) 'endin* ases in.o".in* !asi a""+ $he sa&e 'a)$ies% iss#es and a#ses of a $ion,M MO!.io#s"+% i$ is $he 'e$i$ione)% and no$ a"wa+s $he o#nse" whose ')ofessiona" se).i es ha.e !een )e$ained fo) a 'a)$i #"a) ase% who is in $he !es$ 'osi$ion $o 5now whe$he) she a $#a""+ fi"ed o) a#sed $he fi"in* of a 'e$i$ion in $ha$ ase,M Pe) $he a!o.e *#ide"ines% howe.e)% if a 'e$i$ione) is #na!"e $o si*n a e)$ifi a$ion fo) )easona!"e o) 3#s$ifia!"e )easons% she &#s$ e(e #$e an SPA desi*na$in* he) o#nse" of )e o)d $o si*n on he) !eha"f, MA e)$ifi a$ion whi h had !een si*ned !+ o#nse" wi$ho#$ $he ')o'e) a#$ho)iDa$ion is defe $i.e and ons$i$#$es a .a"id a#se fo) $he dis&issa" of $he 'e$i$ion,M BUAN vs. LOPE. The)e $h#s e(is$s !e$ween $he a $ion !efo)e $his Co#)$ and RTC Case I+ENTIT- OF PARTIES% o) a$ "eas$ s# h 'a)$ies as )e')esen$ $he sa&e in$e)es$s in !o$h a $ions%

as we"" as Iden$i$+ of )i*h$s asse)$ed and )e"ief ')a+ed fo)% $he )e"ief !ein* fo#nded on $he sa&e fa $s% and $he Iden$i$+ on $he $wo ')e edin* 'a)$i #"a)s is s# h $ha$ an+ 3#d*&en$ )ende)ed in $he o$he) a $ion% wi"" )e*a)d"ess of whi h 'a)$+ is s# essf#"% a&o#n$ $o res adjudicata in $he a $ion #nde) onside)a$ion: a"" $he )e6#isi$es% in fine% of auter action pendant, LO0UIAS vs. OFFICE OF T*E O)BU+S)AN I$ is $he '"ain$iff o) ')in i'a" 'a)$+ who sha"" e)$if+ #nde) oa$h $ha$ he has no$ o&&en ed an+ a $ion in.o".in* $he sa&e iss#es in an+ o#)$, The a$$es$a$ion on$ained in $he e)$ifi a$ion on nonAfo)#& sho''in* )e6#i)es 'e)sona" 5now"ed*e !+ $he 'a)$+ who e(e #$ed $he sa&e, U$$e) dis)e*a)d of $he )#"es anno$ 3#s$"+ !e )a$iona"iDed !+ ha)5in* on $he 'o"i + of "i!e)a" ons$)# $ion, +OCENA vs. LAPESURA Unde) $he 7a&i"+ Code% $he ad&inis$)a$ion of $he on3#*a" ')o'e)$+ !e"on*s $o $he h#s!and and $he wife 3oin$"+, Howe.e)% #n"i5e an a $ of a"iena$ion o) en #&!)an e whe)e $he onsen$ of !o$h s'o#ses is )e6#i)ed% 3oin$ &ana*e&en$ o) ad&inis$)a$ion does no$ )e6#i)e $ha$ $he h#s!and and wife a"wa+s a $ $o*e$he), Ea h s'o#se &a+ .a"id"+ e(e) ise f#"" 'owe) of &ana*e&en$ a"one% s#!3e $ $o $he in$e).en$ion of $he o#)$ in ')o'e) ases as ')o.ided #nde) A)$i "e 1BH of $he 7a&i"+ Code, I$ is !e"ie.ed $ha$ e.en #nde) $he ')o.isions of $he 7a&i"+ Code% $he h#s!and a"one o#"d ha.e fi"ed $he 'e$i$ion fo) e)$io)a)i and ')ohi!i$ion $o on$es$ $he w)i$s of de&o"i$ion iss#ed a*ains$ $he on3#*a" ')o'e)$+ wi$h $he Co#)$ of A''ea"s wi$ho#$ !ein* 3oined !+ his wife, The si*nin* of $he a$$a hed e)$ifi a$e of nonAfo)#& sho''in* on"+ !+ $he h#s!and is no$ a fa$a" defe $ and sho#"d !e dee&ed $o ons$i$#$e s#!s$an$ia" o&'"ian e wi$h $he )#"es, FUENTABELLA vs. CASTRO The 'e$i$ione) o) $he ')in i'a" 'a)$+ &#s$ e(e #$e $he e)$ifi a$ion a*ains$ fo)#& sho''in*, The )eason fo) $his is $ha$ $he ')in i'a" 'a)$+ has a $#a" 5now"ed*e whe$he) a 'e$i$ion has ')e.io#s"+ !een fi"ed in.o".in* $he sa&e ase o) s#!s$an$ia""+ $he sa&e iss#es, If% fo) an+ )eason% $he ')in i'a" 'a)$+ anno$ si*n $he 'e$i$ion% $he one si*nin* on his !eha"f &#s$ ha.e !een d#"+ a#$ho)iDed, This )e6#i)e&en$ is in$ended $o a''"+ $o !o$h na$#)a" and 3#)idi a" 'e)sons, 2he)e $he 'e$i$ione) is a o)'o)a$ion% $he e)$ifi a$ion a*ains$ fo)#& sho''in* sho#"d !e si*ned !+ i$s d#"+ a#$ho)iDed di)e $o) o) )e')esen$a$i.e, 2he)e $he)e a)e se.e)a" 'e$i$ione)s% i$ is ins#ffi ien$ $ha$ on"+ one of $he& e(e #$es $he e)$ifi a$ion% a!sen$ a showin* $ha$ he was so a#$ho)iDed !+ $he o$he)s, Tha$ e)$ifi a$ion )e6#i)es 'e)sona" 5now"ed*e and i$ anno$

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!e ')es#&ed $ha$ $he si*na$o)+ 5new $ha$ his oA 'e$i$ione)s had $he sa&e o) si&i"a) a $ions fi"ed o) 'endin*, An o&ission in $he e)$ifi a$e of nonAfo)#& sho''in* a!o#$ an+ e.en$ $ha$ wo#"d no$ ons$i$#$e res judicata and litis pendentia% as in $he ')esen$ ase% is no$ fa$a" as $o &e)i$ $he dis&issa" and n#""ifi a$ion of $he en$i)e ')o eedin*s onside)in* $ha$ $he e.i"s so#*h$ $o !e ')e.en$ed !+ $he said e)$ifi a$e a)e no$ ')esen$, STO. TO)AS UNI/ERSIT- vs. SURLA The )ea" offi e of Ad&inis$)a$i.e Ci) #"a) No, LHA@H is $o #)! $he &a"')a $i e o&&on"+ )efe))ed $o a"so as fo)#&Asho''in*, I$ is an a $ of a 'a)$+ a*ains$ who& an ad.e)se 3#d*&en$ has !een )ende)ed in one fo)#& of see5in* and 'ossi!"+ *e$$in* a fa.o)a!"e o'inion in ano$he) fo)#&% o$he) $han !+ a''ea" o) $he s'e ia" i.i" a $ion of e)$io)a)i% o) $he ins$i$#$ion of $wo o) &o)e a $ions o) ')o eedin*s *)o#nded on $he sa&e a#se on $he s#''osi$ion $ha$ one o) $he o$he) o#)$ wo#"d &a5e a fa.o)a!"e dis'osi$ion, The "an*#a*e of $he i) #"a) dis$in $"+ s#**es$s $ha$ i$ is ')i&a)i"+ in$ended $o o.e) an ini$ia$o)+ '"eadin* o) an in i'ien$ a''"i a$ion of a 'a)$+ asse)$in* a "ai& fo) )e"ief, The fo)e*oin* )a$iona"e of $he i) #"a) a'$"+ $a5en% $o s#s$ain $he .iew $ha$ $he i) #"a) in 6#es$ion has no$% in fa $% !een on$e&'"a$ed $o in "#de a 5ind of "ai& whi h% !+ i$s .e)+ na$#)e as !ein* a#(i"ia)+ $o $he ')o eedin*s in $he s#i$ and as de)i.in* i$s s#!s$an$i.e and 3#)isdi $iona" s#''o)$ $he)ef)o&% an on"+ !e a'')o')ia$e"+ '"eaded in $he answe) and no$ )e&ain o#$s$andin* fo) inde'enden$ )eso"#$ion e( e'$ !+ $he o#)$ whe)e $he &ain ase 'ends, CAGA-AN /ALLE- vs. CIR The fo""owin* offi ia"s o) e&'"o+ees of $he o&'an+ an si*n $he .e)ifi a$ion and e)$ifi a$ion wi$ho#$ need of a !oa)d )eso"#$ion: ;1< $he Chai)'e)son of $he 1oa)d of Di)e $o)s% ;B< $he P)esiden$ of a o)'o)a$ion% ;>< $he Gene)a" Gana*e) o) A $in* Gene)a" Gana*e)% ;H< Pe)sonne" Offi e)% and ;:< an E&'"o+&en$ S'e ia"is$ in a "a!o) ase, 2hi"e $he a!o.e ases do no$ ')o.ide a o&'"e$e "is$in* of a#$ho)iDed si*na$o)ies $o $he .e)ifi a$ion and e)$ifi a$ion )e6#i)ed !+ $he )#"es% $he de$e)&ina$ion of $he s#ffi ien + of $he a#$ho)i$+ was done on a ase $o ase !asis, The )a$iona"e a''"ied in $he fo)e*oin* ases is $o 3#s$if+ $he a#$ho)i$+ of o)'o)a$e offi e)s o) )e')esen$a$i.es of $he o)'o)a$ion $o si*n $he .e)ifi a$ion o) e)$ifi a$e a*ains$ fo)#& sho''in*% !ein* in a 'osi$ion $o .e)if+ $he $)#$hf#"ness and o))e $ness of $he a""e*a$ions in $he 'e$i$ion,-

Howe.e)% a''endin* $he !oa)d )eso"#$ion $o $he o&'"ain$ o) 'e$i$ion is $he !e$$e) ')o ed#)e $o o!.ia$e an+ 6#es$ion on $he a#$ho)i$+ of $he si*na$o)+ $o $he .e)ifi a$ion and e)$ifi a$ion, The )e6#i)ed s#!&ission of $he !oa)d )eso"#$ion is *)o#nded on $he !asi ')e e'$ $ha$ o)'o)a$e 'owe)s a)e e(e) ised !+ $he !oa)d of di)e $o)s% and no$ so"e"+ !+ an offi e) of $he o)'o)a$ion, Hen e% $he 'owe) $o s#e and !e s#ed in an+ o#)$ o) 6#asiA3#di ia" $)i!#na" is ne essa)i"+ "od*ed wi$h $he said !oa)d, C*UA vs. )ETROBAN6 7o)#& sho''in* e(is$s when a 'a)$+ )e'ea$ed"+ a.ai"s hi&se"f of se.e)a" 3#di ia" )e&edies in diffe)en$ o#)$s% si&#"$aneo#s"+ o) s# essi.e"+% a"" s#!s$an$ia""+ fo#nded on $he sa&e $)ansa $ions and $he sa&e essen$ia" fa $s and i) #&s$an es% and a"" )aisin* s#!s$an$ia""+ $he sa&e iss#es ei$he) 'endin* in o) a")ead+ )eso".ed ad.e)se"+ !+ so&e o$he) o#)$, U"$i&a$e"+% wha$ is $)#"+ i&'o)$an$ in de$e)&inin* whe$he) fo)#& sho''in* e(is$s o) no$ is $he .e(a$ion a#sed $he o#)$s and 'a)$+A"i$i*an$ !+ a 'a)$+ who as5s diffe)en$ o#)$s $o )#"e on $he sa&e o) )e"a$ed a#ses andFo) $o *)an$ $he sa&e o) s#!s$an$ia""+ $he sa&e )e"iefs% in $he ')o ess )ea$in* $he 'ossi!i"i$+ of onf"i $in* de isions !ein* )ende)ed !+ $he diffe)en$ fo)a #'on $he sa&e iss#e, 7o)#& sho''in* an !e o&&i$$ed in $h)ee wa+s: ;1< fi"in* &#"$i'"e ases !ased on $he sa&e a#se of a $ion and wi$h $he sa&e ')a+e)% $he ')e.io#s ase no$ ha.in* !een )eso".ed +e$ ;whe)e $he *)o#nd fo) dis&issa" is "i$is 'enden$ia<4 ;B< fi"in* &#"$i'"e ases !ased on $he sa&e a#se of a $ion and $he sa&e ')a+e)% $he ')e.io#s ase ha.in* !een fina""+ )eso".ed ;whe)e $he *)o#nd fo) dis&issa" is )es 3#di a$a<4 and ;>< fi"in* &#"$i'"e ases !ased on $he sa&e a#se of a $ion% !#$ wi$h diffe)en$ ')a+e)s ;s'"i$$in* of a#ses of a $ion% whe)e $he *)o#nd fo) dis&issa" is a"so ei$he) "i$is 'enden$ia o) )es 3#di a$a<, RULE E9 )ANNER OF )A6ING ALLEGATIONS IN PLEA+INGS /+A. +E +AFFON vs. COURT OF APPEALS In $he de$e)&ina$ion of whe$he) a o&'"ain$ fai"s $o s$a$e a a#se of a $ion% on"+ $he s$a$e&en$s in $he o&'"ain$ &a+ !e ')o'e)"+ onside)ed,@ Go)eo.e)% a defendan$ who &o.es $o dis&iss $he o&'"ain$ on $he *)o#nd of "a 5 of a#se of a $ion h+'o$he$i a""+ ad&i$s a"" $he a.e)&en$s $he)eof, The TEST O7 SU77ICIENCK of $he fa $s fo#nd in a o&'"ain$ as ons$i$#$in* a a#se of a $ion is whe$he) o) no$ ad&i$$in* $he fa $s a""e*ed $he o#)$ an )ende) a .a"id 3#d*&en$ #'on $he sa&e in a o)dan e wi$h $he ')a+e) $he)eof, The h+'o$he$i a" ad&ission e($ends $o $he )e"e.an$ and &a$e)ia" fa $s we"" '"eaded in $he o&'"ain$ and infe)en es fai)"+ ded# i!"e

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$he)ef)o&, Hen e% if $he a""e*a$ions in $he o&'"ain$ f#)nish s#ffi ien$ !asis !+ whi h $he o&'"ain$ an !e &ain$ained% $he sa&e sho#"d no$ !e dis&issed )e*a)d"ess of $he defense $ha$ &a+ !e assessed !+ $he defendan$s, The)e is no need fo) $he o&'"ain$ $o s'e ifi a""+ a""e*e )es'onden$sJ "ai& of oAowne)shi' of $he ')o'e)$ies, The o&'"ain$ needs on"+ $o a""e*e $he #"$i&a$e fa $s on whi h $he '"ain$iffs )e"+ fo) $hei) "ai&, The )#"es of ')o ed#)e )e6#i)e $ha$ $he o&'"ain$ &#s$ &a5e a on ise s$a$e&en$ of $he #"$i&a$e fa $s o) $he essen$ia" fa $s ons$i$#$in* $he '"ain$iffJs a#se of a $ion, A 7ACT IS ESSENTIAL if i$ anno$ !e s$)i 5en o#$ wi$ho#$ "ea.in* $he s$a$e&en$ of $he a#se of a $ion inade6#a$e, A COGPLAINT STATES A CAUSE O7 ACTION on"+ when i$ has i$s $h)ee indis'ensa!"e e"e&en$s, TORIBIO vs. BI+IN DEEDS O7 SALE a)e a $iona!"e do #&en$s, The R#"e o.e)s !o$h an a $ion o) a defense !ased on do #&en$s, The PURPOSE fo) $he )#"e on on$es$in* a $iona!"e do #&en$s is: Reasona!"+ ons$)#ed% $he '#)'ose of $he ena $&en$ a''ea)s $o ha.e !een $o )e"ie.e a 'a)$+ of $he $)o#!"e and e('ense of ')o.in* in $he fi)s$ ins$an e an a""e*ed fa $% $he e(is$en e o) none(is$en e of whi h is ne essa)i"+ wi$hin $he 5now"ed*e of $he ad.e)se 'a)$+% and of $he ne essi$+ ;$o his o''onen$Js ase< of es$a!"ishin* whi h s# h ad.e)se 'a)$+ is no$ified !+ his o''onen$Js '"eadin*, The fo""owin* 6#es$ion f#)nishes an A1SOLUTE TEST AS TO THE ESSENTIALITK O7 ANK ALLEGATION: Can i$ !e &ade $he s#!3e $ of a &a$e)ia" iss#eT In o$he) wo)ds% if i$ !e denied% win $he fai"#)e $o ')o.e i$ de ide $he ase in who"e o) in 'a)$T If i$ wi"" no$% $he fa $ is no$ essen$ia", I$ is no$ one of $hose whi h ons$i$#$e $he a#se of a $ion% defense% o) )e'"+, A fa $ is essen$ia" if i$ anno$ !e s$)i 5en o#$ wi$ho#$ "ea.in* $he s$a$e&en$ of $he a#se of a $ion o) defense ins#ffi ien$, BOUG* vs. CANTI/EROS 2hen an a $ion is !)o#*h$ #'on a w)i$$en ins$)#&en$ and $he o&'"ain$ on$ains o) has anne(ed a o'+ of s# h ins$)#&en$% $he *en#ineness and d#e e(e #$ion of $he ins$)#&en$ sha"" !e dee&ed ad&i$$ed% #n"ess s'e ifi a""+ denied #nde) oa$h in $he answe)4 and when $he DE7ENSE $o an a $ion% o) a COUNTERCLAIG s$a$ed in an answe)% is fo#nded #'on a w)i$$en ins$)#&en$ and $he o'+ $he)eof is on$ained in o) anne(ed $o $he answe)% $he *en#ineness and d#e e(e #$ion of s# h ins$)#&en$ sha"" !e dee&ed ad&i$$ed% #n"ess s'e ifi a""+ denied #nde) oa$h !+ $he '"ain$iff in his '"eadin*s,

2hen $he "aw &a5es #se of $he 'h)ase M*en#ineness and d#e e(e #$ion of $he ins$)#&en$M i$ &eans no$hin* &o)e $han $ha$ $he ins$)#&en$ is no$ s'#)io#s% o#n$e)fei$% o) of diffe)en$ i&'o)$ on i$s fa e f)o& $he one e(e #$ed, Howe.e)% $he fai"#)e of $he 'a)$+ $o fi"e an affida.i$ den+in* $he *en#ineness and d#e e(e #$ion of $he do #&en$ does no$ es$o' hi& f)o& on$)o.e)$in* i$ !+ e.iden e of f)a#d &is$a5e% o&')o&ise% 'a+&en$% s$a$#$e of "i&i$a$ions% es$o''e"% and wan$ of onside)a$ion, *IBBER+ vs. R*O+E Ad&ission of $he *en#ineness and d#e e(e #$ion of $he ins$)#&en$ does no$ !a) $he defense of wan$ of onside)a$ion, E(e #$ion an on"+ )efe) $o $he a $#a" &a5in* and de"i.e)+% !#$ i$ anno$ in.o".e o$he) &a$$e)s wi$ho#$ en"a)*in* i$s &eanin* !e+ond )eason, The on"+ o!3e $ of $he )#"e was $o ena!"e a '"ain$iff $o &a5e o#$ a ')i&a fa ie% NOT A CONCLUSIVE CASE% and i$ anno$ ')e "#de a defendan$ f)o& in$)od# in* an+ defense on $he &e)i$s whi h does no$ on$)adi $ $he e(e #$ion of $he ins$)#&en$ in$)od# ed in e.iden e, JABAL+E vs. PNB 2he)e w)i$$en ins$)#&en$ se$ fo)$h in answe) is no$ denied !+ affida.i$% +e$ if e.iden e in )es'e $ $o $ha$ &a$$e)% and $endin* $o show $ha$ ins$)#&en$ is no$ *en#ine% o) was no$ de"i.e)ed% is in$)od# ed !+ '"ain$iff wi$ho#$ o!3e $ion on 'a)$ of defendan$% o) &o$ion $o s$)i5e o#$% and is &e$ !+ o#n$e)Ae.iden e on 'a)$ of defendan$% $he "a$$e) o#*h$ no$ $o !e 'e)&i$$ed $o "ai& $ha$ *en#ineness and d#e e(e #$ion of ins$)#&en$ a)e ad&i$$ed, TITAN CONSTRUCTION vs. CA 2hi"e 9=% R#"e = is &anda$o)+% i$ is a dis o.e)+ ')o ed#)e and &#s$ !e )easona!"+ ons$)#ed $o a$$ain i$s '#)'ose% and in a wa+ as no$ $o effe $ a denia" of s#!s$an$ia" 3#s$i e, The in$e)')e$a$ion sho#"d !e one whi h assis$s $he 'a)$ies in o!$ainin* a s'eed+% ine('ensi.e% and &os$ i&'o)$an$% a 3#s$ de$e)&ina$ion of $he dis'#$ed iss#es, Howe.e)% i$ was he"d $ha$ whe)e a 'a)$+ a $ed in o&'"e$e dis)e*a)d of o) who""+ o.e)"oo5ed 9=% R#"e = and did no$ o!3e $ $o $he in$)od# $ion and ad&ission of e.iden e 6#es$ionin* $he *en#ineness and d#e e(e #$ion of a do #&en$% he &#s$ !e dee&ed $o ha.e wai.ed $he !enefi$s of said R#"e, CONSOLI+ATE+ BAN6 vs. +EL )ONTE How $o den+ $he *en#ineness and d#e e(e #$ion of an a $iona!"e do #&en$:

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This &eans $ha$ $he defendan$ &#s$ de "a)e #nde) oa$h $ha$ he did no$ si*n $he do #&en$ o) $ha$ i$ is o$he)wise fa"se o) fa!)i a$ed, Nei$he) does $he s$a$e&en$ of $he answe) $o $he effe $ $ha$ $he ins$)#&en$ was ')o #)ed !+ f)a#d#"en$ )e')esen$a$ion )aise an+ iss#e as $o i$s *en#ineness o) d#e e(e #$ion, On $he on$)a)+ s# h a '"ea is an ad&ission !o$h of $he *en#ineness and d#e e(e #$ion $he)eof% sin e i$ see5s $o a.oid $he ins$)#&en$ #'on a *)o#nd no$ affe $in* ei$he), The !es$ e.iden e )#"e- is no$ a!so"#$e, The )#"e a e'$s of e( e'$ions one of whi h is when $he o)i*ina" of $he s#!3e $ do #&en$ is in $he 'ossession of $he ad.e)se 'a)$+, 2hen $he defendan$ fai"s $o den+ s'e ifi a""+ and #nde) oa$h $he d#e e(e #$ion and *en#ineness of a do #&en$ o'ied in a o&'"ain$% $he '"ain$iff need no$ ')o.e $ha$ fa $ as i$ is onside)ed ad&i$$ed !+ $he defendan$, LUISTRO vs. COURT OF APPEALS In a GOTION TO DISGISS !ased on "a 5 of a#se of a $ion% $he 6#es$ion 'osed $o $he o#)$ fo) de$e)&ina$ion is $he s#ffi ien + of $he a""e*a$ion of fa $s &ade in $he o&'"ain$ $o ons$i$#$e a a#se of a $ion, To s#s$ain a &o$ion $o dis&iss fo) "a 5 of a#se of a $ion% i$ &#s$ !e shown $ha$ $he "ai& fo) )e"ief does no$ e(is$% )a$he) $han $ha$ a "ai& has !een defe $i.e"+ s$a$ed% o) is a&!i*#o#s% indefini$e o) #n e)$ain, In a"" a.e)&en$s of f)a#d o) &is$a5e% $he i) #&s$an es ons$i$#$in* f)a#d o) &is$a5e &#s$ !e s$a$ed wi$h 'a)$i #"a)i$+, Ga"i e% in$en$% 5now"ed*e o) o$he) ondi$ion of $he &ind of a 'e)son &a+ !e a.e))ed *ene)a""+, CAPITOL )OTORS vs. -ABUT < )O+ES OF SPECIFIC +ENIAL : ;1< !+ s'e if+in* ea h &a$e)ia" a""e*a$ion of fa $ in $he o&'"ain$ $he $)#$h of whi h $he defendan$ does no$ ad&i$% and% whene.e) ')a $i a!"e% se$$in* fo)$h $he s#!s$an e of $he &a$$e)s whi h he wi"" )e"+ #'on $o s#''o)$ his denia" o) ;B< !+ s'e if+in* so &# h of an a.e)&en$ in $he o&'"ain$ as is $)#e and &a$e)ia" and den+in* on"+ $he )e&ainde) o) ;>< !+ s$a$in* $ha$ $he defendan$ is wi$ho#$ 5now"ed*e o) info)&a$ion s#ffi ien$ $o fo)& a !e"ief as $o $he $)#$h of a &a$e)ia" a.e)&en$ in $he o&'"ain$% whi h has $he effe $ of a denia"% and he has ado'$ed $he $hi)d &ode of s'e ifi denia"% his answe) $ende)ed an iss#e% and% onse6#en$"+ $he o#)$ a 6#o o#"d no$ )ende) a .a"id 3#d*&en$ on $he '"eadin*s, The )#"e a#$ho)iDin* an answe) $o $he effe $ $ha$ $he defendan$ has no 5now"ed*e o) info)&a$ion s#ffi ien$ $o fo)& a !e"ief as $o $he $)#$h of an a.e)&en$ and *i.in* s# h answe) $he effe $ of a denia"% DOES NOT APPLK whe)e $he fa $ as $o whi h wan$ of 5now"ed*e is

asse)$ed% is so '"ain"+ and ne essa)i"+ wi$hin $he defendan$Js 5now"ed*e $ha$ his a.e)&en$ of i*no)an e &#s$ !e 'a"'a!"+ #n$)#e, A &e)e a""e*a$ion of i*no)an e of $he fa $s a""e*ed in $he o&'"ain$% is INSU77ICIENT $o )aise an iss#e4 $he defendan$ &#s$ a.e) 'osi$i.e"+ o) s$a$e how i$ is $ha$ he is i*no)an$ of $he fa $s so a""e*ed, ANTA) CONSOLI+ATE+ vs. COURT OF APPEALS The a $s of $hese o)'o)a$ions sho#"d !e dis$in*#ished f)o& a SINGLE OR ISOLATED 1USINESS TRANSACTION o) o asiona"% in iden$a" and as#a" $)ansa $ions whi h do no$ o&e wi$hin $he &eanin* of $he "aw, 2he)e a sin*"e a $ o) $)ansa $ion % howe.e)% is no$ &e)e"+ in iden$a" o) as#a" !#$ indi a$es $he fo)ei*n o)'o)a$ionJs in$en$ion $o do o$he) !#siness in $he Phi"i''ines% said sin*"e a $ o) $)ansa $ion ons$i$#$es Jdoin*J o) Jen*a*in* inJ o) J$)ansa $in*J !#siness in $he Phi"i''ines, 2hi"e '"ain$iff is a fo)ei*n o)'o)a$ion wi$ho#$ "i ense $o $)ansa $ !#siness in $he Phi"i''ines% i$ does no$ fo""ow $ha$ i$ has no a'a i$+ $o !)in* $he ')esen$ a $ion, S# h "i ense is J no$ ne essa)+ !e a#se i$ is no$ en*a*ed in !#siness in $he Phi"i''ines, The DOCTRINE O7 LACU O7 CAPACITK TO SUE !ased on fai"#)e $o fi)s$ a 6#i)e a "o a" "i ense is !ased on onside)a$ions of so#nd '#!"i 'o"i +, I$ in$ended $o fa.o) do&es$i o)'o)a$ions who en$e) was ne.e) in$o so"i$a)+ $)ansa $ions wi$h #nwa)+ fo)ei*n fi)&s and $hen )e'#dia$e $hei) o!"i*a$ions si&'"+ !e a#se $he "a$$e) a)e no$ "i ensed $o do !#siness in $his o#n$)+, STEELCASE vs. +ESIGN INTERNATIONAL The )#"e $ha$ an #n"i ensed fo)ei*n o)'o)a$ions doin* !#siness in $he Phi"i''ine do no$ ha.e $he a'a i$+ $o s#e !efo)e $he "o a" o#)$s is we""Aes$a!"ished, The 'h)ase doin* !#siness- is "ea)"+ defined in 9>;d< of R,A, No, CLHB ;7o)ei*n In.es$&en$s A $ of 1@@1< and was s#''"e&en$ed !+ i$s IRR whi h e"a!o)a$ed on $he &eanin* of $he sa&e 'h)ase V The fo""owin* a $s sha"" no$ !e dee&ed doin* !#sinessin $he Phi"i''ines: 1, Ge)e in.es$&en$ as a sha)eho"de) !+ a fo)ei*n en$i$+ in do&es$i o)'o)a$ions d#"+ )e*is$e)ed $o do !#siness% andFo) $he e(e) ise of )i*h$s as s# h in.es$o)4 B, Ha.in* a no&inee di)e $o) o) offi e) $o )e')esen$ i$s in$e)es$ in s# h o)'o)a$ion4 <. A$$o"n&"n% a !e$!esen&a&"ve o! d"s&!"bu&o! dom"c"led "n &(e P("l"$$"nes '("c( &!ansac&s

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bus"ness "n &(e !e$!esen&a&"veFs o! d"s&!"bu&o!Fs o'n name and accoun&G H, The '#!"i a$ion of a *ene)a" ad.e)$ise&en$ $h)o#*h an+ ')in$ o) !)oad as$ &edia4 :, Gain$ainin* a s$o 5 of *oods in $he Phi"i''ines so"e"+ fo) $he '#)'ose of ha.in* $he sa&e ')o essed !+ ano$he) en$i$+ in $he Phi"i''ines4 ?, Consi*n&en$ !+ a fo)ei*n en$i$+ of e6#i'&en$ wi$h a "o a" o&'an+ $o !e #sed in $he ')o essin* of ')od# $s fo) e('o)$4 C, Co""e $in* info)&a$ion in $he Phi"i''ines4 and =, Pe)fo)&in* se).i es a#(i"ia)+ $o an e(is$in* iso"a$ed on$)a $ of sa"e whi h a)e no$ on a on$in#in* !asis% s# h as ins$a""in* in $he Phi"i''ines &a hine)+ i$ has &an#fa $#)ed o) e('o)$ed $o $he Phi"i''ines% se).i in* $he sa&e% $)ainin* do&es$i wo)5e)s $o o'e)a$e i$% and si&i"a) in iden$a" se).i es, RULE H9 EFFECT OF FAILURE TO PLEA+ OTERO vs. TAN A defendan$ who fai"s $o fi"e an answe) &a+% #'on &o$ion% !e de "a)ed !+ $he o#)$ in defa#"$, Loss of s$andin* in o#)$% $he fo)fei$#)e of one8s )i*h$ as a 'a)$+ "i$i*an$% on$es$an$ o) "e*a" ad.e)sa)+% is $he onse6#en e of an o)de) of defa#"$, A 'a)$+ in defa#"$ LOSES ("s !"%(& $o ')esen$ his defense% on$)o" $he ')o eedin*s% and e(a&ine o) )ossAe(a&ine wi$nesses, He has no )i*h$ $o e('e $ $ha$ his '"eadin*s wo#"d !e a $ed #'on !+ $he o#)$ no) &a+ !e o!3e $ $o o) )ef#$e e.iden e o) &o$ions fi"ed a*ains$ hi&, REGEDIES AVAILA1LE TO PARTK 2HO HAS 1EEN DECLARED IN DE7AULT: a< The defendan$ in defa#"$ &a+% a$ an+ $i&e af$e) dis o.e)+ $he)eof and !efo)e 3#d*&en$% fi"e a &o$ion% #nde) oa$h% $o se$ aside $he o)de) of defa#"$ on $he *)o#nd $ha$ his fai"#)e $o answe) was d#e $o f)a#d% a iden$% &is$a5e o) e( #sa!"e ne*"e $% and $ha$ he has &e)i$o)io#s defenses4 ;Se >% R#"e 1=< !< If $he 3#d*&en$ has a")ead+ !een )ende)ed when $he defendan$ dis o.e)ed $he defa#"$% !#$ !efo)e $he sa&e has !e o&e fina" and e(e #$o)+% he &a+ fi"e a &o$ion fo) new $)ia" #nde) 9 1;a< of R#"e >C4 < If $he defendan$ dis o.e)ed $he defa#"$ af$e) $he 3#d*&en$ has !e o&e fina" and e(e #$o)+% he &a+ fi"e a 'e$i$ion fo) )e"ief #nde) 9 B of R#"e >=4 and d< He &a+ a"so a''ea" f)o& $he 3#d*&en$ )ende)ed a*ains$ hi& as on$)a)+ $o $he e.iden e o) $o $he

"aw% e.en if no 'e$i$ion $o se$ aside $he o)de) of defa#"$ has !een ')esen$ed !+ hi&, ;Se , B% R#"e H1< A defendin* 'a)$+ de "a)ed in defa#"$ )e$ains $he RIGHT TO APPEAL 7ROG THE EUDGGENT 1K DE7AULT, Howe.e)% $he *)o#nds $ha$ &a+ !e )aised in s# h an a''ea" a)e )es$)i $ed $o an+ of $he fo""owin*: fi)s$% $he fai"#)e of $he '"ain$iff $o ')o.e $he &a$e)ia" a""e*a$ions of $he o&'"ain$4 se ond% $he de ision is on$)a)+ $o "aw4 and $hi)d% $he a&o#n$ of 3#d*&en$ is e( essi.e o) diffe)en$ in 5ind f)o& $ha$ ')a+ed fo), In $hese ases% $he a''e""a$e $)i!#na" sho#"d on"+ onside) $he 'ie es of e.iden e $ha$ we)e ')esen$ed !+ $he '"ain$iff d#)in* $he e( 'a)$e ')esen$a$ion of his e.iden e, A defendan$ who has !een de "a)ed in defa#"$ is ')e "#ded f)o& )aisin* an+ o$he) *)o#nd in his a''ea" f)o& $he 3#d*&en$ !+ defa#"$ sin e% o$he)wise% he wo#"d $hen !e a""owed $o add# e e.iden e in his defense% whi h )i*h$ he had "os$ af$e) he was de "a)ed in defa#"$, +ULOS vs. COURT OF APPEALS &o$ion fo) )e onside)a$ion of a 3#d*&en$ of defa#"$ &a+ !e onside)ed a 'e$i$ion fo) )e"ief #nde) 9 B of R#"e >= on"+ if $he fo""owin* )e6#isi$es a)e ')esen$: ;1< i$ &#s$ !e .e)ified4 ;B< i$ &#s$ !e fi"ed wi$hin ?L da+s f)o& $he $i&e 'e$i$ione) "ea)ns of $he de ision !#$ no$ &o)e $han ? &on$hs f)o& en$)+ $he)eof4 and ;>< in ase of fai"#)e $o fi"e an answe)% $he &o$ion &#s$ !e a o&'anied !+ affida.i$s of &e)i$ showin* $he f)a#d% a iden$% &is$a5e and e( #sa!"e ne*"i*en e )e"ied #'on, a &o$ion fo) )e onside)a$ion &a+ !e onside)ed a &o$ion fo) new $)ia" #nde) Se , B% R#"e >C% if i$ is a o&'anied !+ an affida.i$ of &e)i$, The )e6#i)e&en$ of s# h an affida.i$ is essen$ia" !e a#se a new $)ia" wo#"d !e on"+ a was$e of $he $i&e of $he o#)$ if $he o&'"ain$ $#)ns o#$ $o !e *)o#nd"ess o) $he defense ineffe $i.e, GOC*ANGCO vs. CFI NEGROS OCCI+ENTAL The #nde)"+in* 'hi"oso'h+ of $he DOCTRINE O7 DE7AULT is $ha$ $he defendan$Js fai"#)e $o answe) $he o&'"ain$ des'i$e )e ei.in* o'+ $he)eof $o*e$he) wi$h s#&&ons% is a$$)i!#$a!"e $o one of $wo a#ses: ei$he) ;a< $o his )ea"iDa$ion $ha$ he has no defenses $o $he '"ain$iffs a#se and hen e )eso".es no$ $o o''ose $he o&'"ain$% o)% ;!< ha.in* *ood defenses $o $he s#i$% $o f)a#d% a iden$% &is$a5e o) e( #sa!"e ne*"i*en e whi h ')e.en$ed hi& f)o& seasona!"+ fi"in* an answe) se$$in* fo)$h $hose defenses, If $he defendan$ ha.e *ood defenses% i$ wo#"d !e #nna$#)a" fo) hi& no$ $o se$ $he& #' ')o'e)"+ and $i&e"+% and if he did no$ in fa $ se$ $he& #'% i$ &#s$ !e ')es#&ed $ha$ so&e ins#'e)a!"e a#se ')e.en$ed hi& f)o& doin*

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so: f)a#d% a iden$% &is$a5e% e( #sa!"e ne*"i*en e, In $his e.en$% $he "aw wi"" *)an$ hi& )e"ief% and $he "aw is in $)#$h 6#i$e "i!e)a" in $he )e"iefs &ade a.ai"a!"e $o hi&: a &o$ion $o se$ aside $he o)de) of defa#"$ ')io) $o 3#d*&en$4 a &o$ion fo) new $)ia" $o se$ aside $he defa#"$ 3#d*&en$4 an a''ea" f)o& $he 3#d*&en$ !+ defa#"$ e.en if no &o$ion $o se$ aside $he o)de) of defa#"$ o) &o$ion fo) new $)ia" had !een ')e.io#s"+ ')esen$ed4 a s'e ia" i.i" a $ion fo) e)$io)a)i i&'#*nin* $he o#)$Js 3#)isdi $ion, IN+IANA AEROSPACE vs. C*E+ The)e a)e )e&edies a.ai"a!"e $o a defendan$ de "a)ed in defa#"$, Howe.e)% $hese )e&edies a)e a.ai"a!"e on"+ $o a defendan$ who has !een .a"id"+ de "a)ed in defa#"$, S# h defendan$ i))e'a)a!"+ "oses $he )i*h$ $o 'a)$i i'a$e in $he $)ia", On $he o$he) hand% a defendan$ i&')o.iden$"+ de "a)ed in defa#"$ &a+ )e$ain and e(e) ise s# h )i*h$ af$e) $he o)de) of defa#"$ and $he s#!se6#en$ 3#d*&en$ !+ defa#"$ a)e ann#""ed% and $he ase )e&anded $o $he o#)$ of o)i*in, The fo)&e) is "i&i$ed $o $he )e&ed+ se$ fo)$h in 9B% 'a)a*)a'h > of R#"e H1 of $he ')eAN@C R#"es of Co#)$% and an $he)efo)e on$es$ on"+ $he 3#d*&en$ !+ defa#"$ on $he desi*na$ed *)o#nd $ha$ i$ is on$)a)+ $o e.iden e o) "aw, Howe.e)% $he "a$$e) has $he fo""owin* o'$ions: $o )eso)$ $o $his sa&e )e&ed+4 $o in$e)'ose a 'e$i$ion fo) e)$io)a)i see5in* $he n#""ifi a$ion of $he o)de) of defa#"$% e.en !efo)e $he ')o&#"*a$ion of a 3#d*&en$ !+ defa#"$4 o) in $he e.en$ $ha$ 3#d*&en$ has !een )ende)ed% $o ha.e s# h o)de) and 3#d*&en$ de "a)ed .oid, 2hi"e $he)e a)e ins$an es when a 'a)$+ &a+ !e ')o'e)"+ de "a)ed in defa#"$% $hese ases sho#"d !e dee&ed e( e'$ions $o $he )#"e and sho#"d !e )eso)$ed $o on"+ in "ea) ases of o!s$ina$e )ef#sa" o) ino)dina$e ne*"e $ in o&'"+in* wi$h $he o)de)s of $he o#)$, GAJU+O vs. TRA+ERS RO-AL BAN6 The &e)e fa $ $ha$ a defendan$ is de "a)ed in defa#"$ does no$ a#$o&a$i a""+ )es#"$ in $he *)an$ of $he ')a+e)s of $he '"ain$iff, To win% $he "a$$e) &#s$ s$i"" ')esen$ $he sa&e 6#an$#& of e.iden e $ha$ wo#"d !e )e6#i)ed if $he defendan$ we)e s$i"" ')esen$, A 'a)$+ $ha$ defa#"$s is no$ de')i.ed of i$s )i*h$s% e( e'$ $he )i*h$ $o !e hea)d and $o ')esen$ e.iden e $o $he $)ia" o#)$, If $he e.iden e ')esen$ed does no$ s#''o)$ a 3#d*&en$ fo) $he '"ain$iff% $he o&'"ain$ sho#"d !e dis&issed% e.en if $he defendan$ &a+ no$ ha.e !een hea)d o) a""owed $o ')esen$ an+ o#n$e).ai"in* e.iden e, )ON.ON vs. SPS. RELO/A 7ai"#)e $o fi"e a )es'onsi.e '"eadin* wi$hin $he )e*"e&en$a)+ 'e)iod% and no$ fai"#)e $o a''ea) a$ $he hea)in*% is $he so"e *)o#nd fo) an o)de) of defa#"$% e( e'$ $he fai"#)e $o a''ea) a$ a ')eA$)ia" onfe)en e whe)ein $he effe $s of a defa#"$ on $he 'a)$ of $he defendan$ a)e

fo""owed% $ha$ is% $he '"ain$iff sha"" !e a""owed $o ')esen$ e.iden e e( 'a)$e and a 3#d*&en$ !ased $he)eon &a+ !e )ende)ed a*ains$ $he defendan$ ;9:% R#"e 1=<, A"so% a defa#"$ 3#d*&en$ &a+ !e )ende)ed% e.en if $he defendan$ had fi"ed his answe)% #nde) $he i) #&s$an e in 9>; <% R#"e B@, The effe $s of defa#"$ a)e fo""owed on"+ in $h)ee ins$an es: ;1< when $he)e is an a $#a" defa#"$ fo) fai"#)e $o fi"e a )es'onsi.e '"eadin*4 ;B< fai"#)e $o a''ea) in $he ')eA$)ia" onfe)en e4 and ;>< )ef#sa" $o o&'"+ wi$h &odes of dis o.e)+ #nde) $he i) #&s$an e in Se , >; <% R#"e B@, REWUIREGENTS O7 A DE7AULT ORDER: ;1< $he o#)$ &#s$ ha.e .a"id"+ a 6#i)ed 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he 'e)son of $he defendan$ ei$he) !+ se).i e of s#&&ons o) .o"#n$a)+ a''ea)an e4 ;B< $he defendan$ fai"ed $o fi"e his answe) wi$hin $he $i&e a""owed $he)efo)4 and ;>< $he)e &#s$ !e a &o$ion $o de "a)e $he defendan$ in defa#"$ wi$h no$i e $o $he "a$$e), In $he ase a$ !a)% 'e$i$ione) had no$ fai"ed $o fi"e he) answe), RULE 8I9 A)EN+E+ AN+ SUPPLE)ENTAL PLEA+INGS LEOBRERA vs. COURT OF APPEALS The Co#)$ &a+ a""ow a 'a)$+ #'on &o$ion $o se).e a s#''"e&en$a" '"eadin* af$e) )easona!"e no$i e has !een *i.en $he o$he) 'a)$+, The no$i e of hea)in* is in$ended $o ')e.en$ s#)')ise and $o affo)d $he ad.e)se 'a)$+ a han e $o !e hea)d !efo)e $he &o$ion is )eso".ed !+ $he $)ia" o#)$, 2hi"e $he o#)$ has said $ha$ a "i$e)a" o!se).an e of $he no$i e )e6#i)e&en$s in 9H% 9: and 9? of R#"e 1: is no$ ne essa)+% a seasona!"e se).i e of a o'+ of $he &o$ion on ad.e)se 'a)$+ o) o#nse" wi$h a no$i e of hea)in* indi a$in* $he $i&e and '"a e of hea)in* of $he &o$ion a)e &anda$o)+ )e6#i)e&en$s $ha$ anno$ !e dis'ensed wi$h as $hese a)e $he &ini&#& )e6#i)e&en$s of ')o ed#)a" d#e ')o ess, A s#''"e&en$a" o&'"ain$ sho#"d s#''"+ on"+ defi ien ies in aid of an o)i*ina" o&'"ain$, I$ sho#"d on$ain on"+ a#ses of a $ion )e"e.an$ and &a$e)ia" $o $he '"ain$iffJs )i*h$ and whi h he"' o) aid $he '"ain$iffJs )i*h$ o) defense, The s#''"e&en$a" o&'"ain$ &#s$ !e !ased on &a$$e)s a)isin* s#!se6#en$ $o $he o)i*ina" o&'"ain$ )e"a$ed $o $he "ai& o) defense ')esen$ed $he)ein% and fo#nded on $he sa&e a#se of a $ion, I$ anno$ !e #sed $o $)+ a new &a$$e) o) a new a#se of a $ion, PASA- CIT- GO/ERN)ENT vs. CFI J /ICENTE ISIP The o&')o&ise a*)ee&en$ was fina" and i&&edia$e"+ e(e #$o)+% and in fa $ was a")ead+ enfo) ed% $he

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)es'onden$ Co#)$ was in e))o) when i$ s$i"" en$e)$ained $he s#''"e&en$a" o&'"ain$ fi"ed !+ $he )es'onden$A a''e""ee fo) !+ $hen $he )es'onden$ Co#)$ had no &o)e 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he s#!3e $ &a$$e), 2hen a de ision has !e o&e fina" and e(e #$o)+% $he o#)$ no "on*e) has $he 'owe) and 3#)isdi $ion $o a"$e)% a&end o) )e.o5e% and i$s on"+ 'owe) $he)eof is $o o)de) i$s e(e #$ion, S#''"e&en$a" '"eadin*s a)e &ean$ $o s#''"+ defi ien ies in aid of o)i*ina" '"eadin*% no$ $o en$i)e"+ s#!s$i$#$e $he "a$$e), A s#''"e&en$a" o&'"ain$ &#s$ !e onsis$en$ wi$h and in aid of% $he a#se of a $ion se$ fo)$h in $he o)i*ina" o&'"ain$ and a new and inde'enden$ a#se of a $ion anno$ !e se$ #' !+ s# h o&'"ain$% es'e ia""+ whe)e 3#d*&en$ has a")ead+ !een o!$ained !+ hi& in $he o)i*ina" a $ion, TORRES vs. COURT OF APPEALS The A&ended Co&'"ain$ $a5es $he '"a e of $he o)i*ina", The "a$$e) is )e*a)ded as a!andoned and eases $o 'e)fo)& an+ f#)$he) f#n $ion as a '"eadin*, The o)i*ina" o&'"ain$ no "on*e) fo)&s 'a)$ of $he )e o)d, If 'e$i$ione) had desi)ed $o #$i"iDe $he o)i*ina" o&'"ain$ she sho#"d ha.e offe)ed i$ in e.iden e, Ha.in* !een a&ended% $he o)i*ina" o&'"ain$ "os$ i$s ha)a $e) as a 3#di ia" ad&ission% whi h wo#"d ha.e )e6#i)ed no ')oof% and !e a&e &e)e"+ an e($)a3#di ia" ad&ission% $he ad&issi!i"i$+ of whi h% as e.iden e% )e6#i)ed i$s fo)&a" offe), /ERSO.A J )ARTINE. vs. COURT OF APPEALS An a&end&en$ $o a o&'"ain$ whi h in$)od# es a new o) diffe)en$ a#se of a $ion% &a5in* a new o) diffe)en$ de&and% is e6#i.a"en$ $o a f)esh s#i$ #'on a new a#se of a $ion% and $he s$a$#$e of "i&i$a$ions on$in#es $o )#n #n$i" $he a&end&en$ is fi"ed, 2hen $he a&ended o&'"ain$ does no$ in$)od# e new iss#es% a#ses of a $ion% o) de&ands% $he s#i$ is dee&ed $o ha.e o&&en ed on $he da$e $he o)i*ina" o&'"ain$ was fi"ed% no$ on $he da$e of $he fi"in* of $he a&ended o&'"ain$, 7o) de&ands a")ead+ in "#ded in $he o)i*ina" o&'"ain$% $he s#i$ is dee&ed $o ha.e o&&en ed #'on $he fi"in* of s# h o)i*ina" o&'"ain$, 7o) '#)'oses of de$e)&inin* $he o&&en e&en$ of a s#i$% $he o)i*ina" o&'"ain$ is dee&ed a!andoned and s#'e)seded !+ $he a&ended o&'"ain$ onl# " $he a&ended o&'"ain$ in$)od# es a new o) diffe)en$ a#se of a $ion o) de&and, An a&end&en$ whi h &e)e"+ s#''"e&en$s and a&'"ifies $he fa $s o)i*ina""+ a""e*ed )e"a$es !a 5 $o $he da$e of $he o&&en e&en$ of $he a $ion and is no$ !a))ed !+ $he s$a$#$e of "i&i$a$ions% $he 'e)iod of whi h e('i)es af$e) se).i e of $he o)i*ina" o&'"ain$ !#$ !efo)e se).i e of a&end&en$, I$ is $he a $#a" fi"in* in o#)$ $ha$ on$)o"s

and no$ $he da$e of $he fo)&a" ad&ission of $he a&ended '"eadin*, )AGASPI vs. RA)OLETE 2hen a '"eadin* is a&ended% $he o)i*ina" '"eadin* is dee&ed a!andoned, The o)i*ina" eases $o 'e)fo)& an+ f#)$he) f#n $ion as a '"eadin*, The ase s$ands fo) $)ia" on $he a&ended '"eadin* on"+, The addi$iona" do 5e$ fee $o !e 'aid sho#"d !e !ased on $he a&ended o&'"ain$, )7SS vs. COURT OF APPEALS 9: of R#"e 1L is ')e&ised on $he fa $ $ha$ e.iden e had !een in$)od# ed on an iss#e no$ )aised !+ $he '"eadin*s wi$ho#$ an+ o!3e $ion $he)e$o !ein* )aised !+ $he ad.e)se 'a)$+, In $he ase a$ !a)% no e.iden e wha$soe.e) had !een in$)od# ed !+ 'e$i$ione) on $he iss#e of )e&o.a!i"i$+ of $he i&')o.e&en$s and $he ase was de ided on a s$i'#"a$ion of fa $s, Conse6#en$"+% $he '"eadin*s o#"d no$ !e dee&ed a&ended $o onfo)& $o $he e.iden e, NORT*ERN CE)ENT vs. IAC E.en wi$ho#$ $he ne essa)+ a&end&en$% $he a&o#n$ ')o.ed a$ $he $)ia" &a+ !e .a"id"+ awa)ded% if $he fa $s shown en$i$"ed '"ain$iff $o )e"ief o$he) $han $ha$ as5ed fo)% no a&end&en$ $o $he o&'"ain$ was ne essa)+% es'e ia""+ whe)e defendan$ had hi&se"f )aised $he 'oin$ on whi h )e o.e)+ was !ased, The Co#)$ o#"d $)ea$ $he '"eadin* as a&ended $o onfo)& $o $he e.iden e a"$ho#*h $he '"eadin*s we)e no$ a $#a""+ a&ended, A&end&en$ is a"so #nne essa)+ when on"+ "e)i a" e))o)s o) nonAs#!s$an$ia" &a$$e)s a)e in.o".ed, The )#"e on a&end&en$ need no$ !e a''"ied )i*id"+% 'a)$i #"a)"+ whe)e no s#)')ise o) ')e3#di e is a#sed $he o!3e $in* 'a)$+, SPS. LA)BINO vs. PRESI+ING JU+GE 9? is a #sef#" de.i e whi h ena!"es $he o#)$ $o awa)d o&'"e$e )e"ief in one a $ion and $o a.oid $he os$ de"a+ and was$e of se'a)a$e a $ion, Th#s% a s#''"e&en$a" '"eadin* is &ean$ $o s#''"+ defi ien ies in aid of $he o)i*ina" '"eadin* and no$ $o dis'ense wi$h o) s#!s$i$#$e $he "a$$e), As a *ene)a" )#"e% "ea.e wi"" !e *)an$ed $o fi"e a s#''"e&en$a" o&'"ain$ whi h a""e*es an+ &a$e)ia" fa $ whi h ha''ened o) a&e wi$hin '"ain$iff8s 5now"ed*e sin e $he o)i*ina" o&'"ain$ was fi"ed% s# h !ein* $he offi e of a s#''"e&en$a" o&'"ain$, The '#)'ose of $he )#"e is $ha$ $he en$i)e on$)o.e)s+ &i*h$ !e se$$"ed in one a $ion4 $o !)oaden $he s o'e of $he iss#es in an a $ion owin* $o $he "i*h$ $h)own on i$ !+ fa $s% e.en$s and o #))en es whi h ha.e a )#ed af$e) $he fi"in* of $he

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o)i*ina" '"eadin*4 $o !)in* in$o )e o)d $he fa $s en"a)*in* o) ha)*in* $he 5ind of )e"ief $o whi h '"ain$iff is en$i$"ed, The ad&ission o) nonAad&ission of a s#''"e&en$a" '"eadin* is no$ a &a$$e) of )i*h$ !#$ is dis )e$iona)+ on $he o#)$, A&on* $he fa $o)s $ha$ $he o#)$ wi"" onside) a)e: ;1< )es#"$in* ')e3#di e $o $he 'a)$ies4 and ;B< whe$he) $he &o.an$ wo#"d !e ')e3#di ed if $he s#''"e&en$a" '"eadin* we)e $o !e denied, 2ha$ ons$i$#$es ')e3#di e $o $he o''osin* 'a)$+ de'ends #'on $he 'a)$i #"a) i) #&s$an e of ea h ase, An o''osin* 'a)$+ who has had no$i e of $he *ene)a" na$#)e of $he "ai& o) &a$$e) asse)$ed in $he s#''"e&en$a" '"eadin* f)o& $he !e*innin* of $he a $ion wi"" no$ !e ')e3#di ed !+ $he *)an$in* of "ea.e $o fi"e a s#''"e&en$a" '"eadin*, 7ALLE) P*ILS. vs. S.R. FAR)S The fi"in* of an A&ended P"eadin* does no$ )e$)oa $ $o $he da$e of $he fi"in* of $he o)i*ina", Hen e% $he s$a$#$e of "i&i$a$ion )#ns #n$i" $he s#!&ission of $he A&end&en$, An e( e'$ion $o $his )#"e is an A&end&en$ whi h &e)e"+ s#''"e&en$s and a&'"ifies fa $s o)i*ina""+ a""e*ed in $he o&'"ain$ )e"a$es !a 5 $o $he da$e of $he o&&en e&en$ of $he a $ion and is no$ !a))ed !+ $he s$a$#$e of "i&i$a$ions whi h e('i)ed af$e) $he se).i e of $he o)i*ina" o&'"ain$, Howe.e)% $he e( e'$ion wo#"d no$ a''"+ $o $he 'a)$+ i&'"eaded fo) $he fi)s$ $i&e in $he A&ended Co&'"ain$, SPS. +IONISIO vs. LINSANGAN An A&ended Co&'"ain$ $ha$ han*es $he '"ain$iffJs a#se of a $ion is $e hni a""+ a new o&'"ain$, Conse6#en$"+% $he a $ion is dee&ed fi"ed on $he da$e of $he fi"in* of s# h a&ended '"eadin*% no$ on $he da$e of $he fi"in* of i$s o)i*ina" .e)sion, Th#s% $he s$a$#$e of "i&i$a$ion )es#&es i$s )#n #n$i" i$ is a))es$ed !+ $he fi"in* of $he a&ended '"eadin*, Howe.e)% $he Co#)$ a 5now"ed*es $ha$ an a&end&en$ whi h does no$ a"$e) $he a#se of a $ion !#$ &e)e"+ s#''"e&en$s o) a&'"ifies $he fa $s ')e.io#s"+ a""e*ed% does no$ affe $ $he )e 5onin* da$e of fi"in* !ased on $he o)i*ina" o&'"ain$, The a#se of a $ion% #n han*ed% is no$ !a))ed !+ $he s$a$#$e of "i&i$a$ions $ha$ e('i)ed af$e) $he fi"in* of $he o)i*ina" o&'"ain$, To de$e)&ine if an a&end&en$ in$)od# es a diffe)en$ a#se of a $ion% $he $es$ is whe$he) s# h a&end&en$ now )e6#i)es $he defendan$ $o answe) fo) a "ia!i"i$+ o) o!"i*a$ion whi h is o&'"e$e"+ diffe)en$ f)o& $ha$ s$a$ed in $he o)i*ina" o&'"ain$, RULE 889 7*EN TO FILE RESPONSI/E PLEA+INGS +ELBROS vs. IAC A s#''"e&en$a" '"eadin* is no$ "i5e an a&ended '"eadin* S s#!s$i$#$e fo) $he o)i*ina" one, I$ does no$

s#'e)sede $he o)i*ina"% !#$ ass#&es $ha$ $he o)i*ina" '"eadin* is $o s$and% and $he iss#es 3oined #nde) $he o)i*ina" '"eadin* )e&ain as iss#es $o !e $)ied in $he a $ion,M 2hi"e i$ is on eded $ha$ $he)e is a#$ho)i$+ in s#''o)$ of a defa#"$ 3#d*&en$ !ein* ')edi a$ed #'on defendan$Js fai"#)e $o answe) a s#''"e&en$a" o&'"ain$% $he sa&e anno$ a''"+ he)e, The )eason is $ha$ a"$ho#*h in $he s#''"e&en$a" o&'"ain$% $he )e"ief ')a+ed fo) was a"$e)ed f)o& $e)&ina$ion of $he &ana*e&en$ on$)a $ $o 3#di ia" onfi)&a$ion of i$s $e)&ina$ion% $he !asi and ')in i'a" iss#e of whe$he) o) no$ 'e$i$ione) was en$i$"ed $o $e)&ina$e $he &ana*e&en$ on$)a $% )e&ained, As $his !asi iss#e had !een ')e.io#s"+ $)a.e)sed and 3oined !+ $he Answe) fi"ed !+ HILTON and Cha'&an% $he)e was no ne essi$+ fo) )e6#i)in* $he& $o '"ead f#)$he) $o $he S#''"e&en$a" Co&'"ain$, Conse6#en$"+% $he $)ia" 3#d*e did no$ ha.e a "e*a" *)o#nd fo) de "a)in* $he& in defa#"$ fo) s# h fai"#)e $o '"ead, SPS. BARRA.A vs. CA)POS Unde) 9> of R#"e 1?% $he o#)$ af$e) hea)in* &a+ den+ o) *)an$ $he &o$ion o) a""ow a&end&en$ of '"eadin*% o) &a+ defe) $he hea)in* and de$e)&ina$ion of $he &o$ion #n$i" $he $)ia" if $he *)o#nd a""e*ed $he)ein does no$ a''ea) $o !e ind#!i$a!"e, And i$ is on"+ f)o& $he $i&e $ha$ $he &o.an$ )e ei.es no$i e of $he denia" o) defe)&en$ of $he Go$ion $o Dis&iss $ha$ $he 'e)iod wi$hin whi h he sha"" fi"e his Answe) is o&'#$ed% whi h 'e)iod is ')es )i!ed !+ R#"e 11% #n"ess $he o#)$ ')o.ides a diffe)en$ 'e)iod, The 'e$i$ione) ha.in* fi"ed a Go$ion $o Dis&iss% he was en$i$"ed $o ha.e $ha$ &o$ion )eso".ed !efo)e !ein* )e6#i)ed $o answe)% sin e a &o$ion $o dis&iss in$e))#'$s $he $i&e $o '"ead, The)efo)e% i$ fo""ows $ha$ $he 'e$i$ione) was in o))e $"+ de "a)ed in defa#"$% and $he ho"din* of $he $)ia" of $he ase on $he &e)i$s in his a!sen e% wi$ho#$ no$i e $o hi& of $he da+ of $he hea)in*% was a denia" of d#e ')o ess, +A/I+ vs. GUTIERRE.5FRUEL+A One de "a)ed in defa#"$ has $he fo""owin* )e&edies: a< The defendan$ in defa#"$ &a+% a$ an+ $i&e af$e) dis o.e)+ $he)eof and !efo)e 3#d*&en$% fi"e a &o$ion #nde) oa$h $o se$ aside $he o)de) of defa#"$ on $he *)o#nd $ha$ his fai"#)e $o answe) was d#e $o f)a#d% a iden$% &is$a5e o) e( #sa!"e ne*"i*en e% and $ha$ he has a &e)i$o)io#s defense ;Se , >% R#"e 1= /now Se , >;!<% R#"e @0<4 !< If $he 3#d*&en$ has a")ead+ !een )ende)ed when $he defendan$ dis o.e)ed $he defa#"$% !#$ !efo)e $he sa&e has !e o&e fina" and e(e #$o)+% he &a+ fi"e a &o$ion fo) new $)ia" #nde) 9 1;a< of R#"e >C4

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< If $he defendan$ dis o.e)ed $he defa#"$ af$e) $he 3#d*&en$ has !e o&e fina" and e(e #$o)+% he &a+ fi"e a 'e$i$ion fo) )e"ief #nde) 9 B /now 9 10 of R#"e >=4 and d< He &a+ a"so a''ea" f)o& $he 3#d*&en$ )ende)ed a*ains$ hi& as on$)a)+ $o $he e.iden e o) $o $he "aw% e.en if no 'e$i$ion $o se$ aside $he o)de) of defa#"$ has !een ')esen$ed !+ hi& ;Se , B% R#"e H1<, Go)eo.e)% a 'e$i$ion fo) e)$io)a)i $o de "a)e $he n#""i$+ of a 3#d*&en$ !+ defa#"$ is a"so a.ai"a!"e if $he $)ia" o#)$ i&')o'e)"+ de "a)ed a 'a)$+ in defa#"$% o) e.en if $he $)ia" o#)$ ')o'e)"+ de "a)ed a 'a)$+ in defa#"$% if *)a.e a!#se of dis )e$ion a$$ended s# h de "a)a$ion, In $his ase% 'e$i$ione) #sed $he fi)s$ )e&ed+% !#$ fai"ed $o o&'"+ wi$h $he !asi )e6#i)e&en$s of 9 >;!< of R#"e @, The &o$ion was no$ #nde) oa$h, The)e was no a""e*a$ion $ha$ 'e$i$ione)8s fai"#)e $o fi"e an Answe) o) an+ )es'onsi.e '"eadin* was d#e $o f)a#d% a iden$% &is$a5e% o) e( #sa!"e ne*"i*en e, RULE 8;9 BILL OF PARTICULARS SALITA vs. )AGTOLIS A o&'"ain$ on"+ needs $o s$a$e $he M#"$i&a$e fa $s ons$i$#$in* $he '"ain$iff8s a#se o) a#ses of a $ion,M U"$i&a$e fa $s a)e $hose fa $s whi h $he e('e $ed e.iden e wi"" s#''o)$,M The $e)& does no$ )efe) $o $he de$ai"s of ')o!a$i.e &a$$e) o) 'a)$i #"a)s of e.iden e !+ whi h $hese &a$e)ia" e"e&en$s a)e $o !e es$a!"ished, I$ )efe)s $o M$he fa $s whi h $he e.iden e on $he $)ia" wi"" ')o.e% and no$ $he e.iden e whi h wi"" !e )e6#i)ed $o ')o.e $he e(is$en e of $hose fa $s, A &o$ion fo) !i"" of 'a)$i #"a)s wi"" no$ !e *)an$ed if $he o&'"ain$% whi"e no$ .e)+ defini$e% none$he"ess a")ead+ s$a$es a s#ffi ien$ a#se of a $ion, A &o$ion fo) !i"" of 'a)$i #"a)s &a+ no$ a"" fo) &a$$e)s whi h sho#"d fo)& 'a)$ of $he ')oof of $he o&'"ain$ #'on $)ia", S# h info)&a$ion &a+ !e o!$ained !+ o$he) &eans, AGCANAS vs. )ERCA+O 1o$h a &o$ion $o dis&iss and a &o$ion fo) a !i"" of 'a)$i #"a)s in$e))#'$ $he $i&e $o fi"e a )es'onsi.e '"eadin*, In $he ase of a &o$ion $o dis&iss% $he 'e)iod s$a)$s )#nnin* a*ains$ as soon as $he &o.an$ )e ei.es a o'+ of $he o)de) of denia", In $he ase of a &o$ion fo) a !i"" of 'a)$i #"a)s% $he s#s'ended 'e)iod sha"" on$in#e $o )#n #'on se).i e on $he &o.an$ of $he !i"" of 'a)$i #"a)s% if $he &o$ion is *)an$ed% o) of $he no$i e of i$s denia"% !#$ in an+ e.en$ he sha"" ha.e no$ "ess $han fi.e da+s wi$hin whi h $o fi"e his )es'onsi.e '"eadin*, SANTOS vs. LI7AG

The a""owan e of a &o$ion fo) a &o)e defini$e s$a$e&en$ o) !i"" of 'a)$i #"a)s )es$s wi$hin $he so#nd 3#di ia" dis )e$ion of $he o#)$ and% as #s#a" in &a$$e)s of a dis )e$iona)+ na$#)e% $he )#"in* of $he $)ia" o#)$ in $ha$ )e*a)d wi"" no$ !e )e.e)sed #n"ess $he)e has !een a 'a"'a!"e a!#se of dis )e$ion o) a "ea)"+ e))oneo#s o)de), RULE 8<9 FILING AN+ SER/ICE OF PLEA+INGS GARRUC*O vs. CA= PI)ENTEL 9B% R#"e 1> ')o.ides $ha$ if an+ 'a)$+ has a''ea)ed !+ o#nse"% se).i e #'on hi& sha"" !e &ade #'on his o#nse" #n"ess se).ed #'on $he 'a)$+ hi&se"f is o)de)ed !+ $he $)ia" o#)$, No$i e o) se).i e &ade #'on a 'a)$+ who is )e')esen$ed !+ o#nse" is a n#""i$+, No$i e $o $he "ien$ and no$ $o his o#nse" of )e o)d is no$ no$i e in "aw, The )#"e ad&i$s of e( e'$ions% as when $he o#)$ o) $)i!#na" o)de)s se).i e #'on a 'a)$+ o) when $he $)i!#na" defendan$ is wai.ed, In $he a!sen e of a ')o'e) and ade6#a$e no$i e $o $he o#)$ of a han*e of add)ess% $he se).i e of $he o)de) o) )eso"#$ion of a o#)$ #'on $he 'a)$ies &#s$ !e &ade a$ $he "as$ add)ess of $hei) o#nse" on )e o)d, I$ is $he d#$+ of $he 'a)$+ and his o#nse" $o de.i e a s+s$e& fo) $he )e ei'$ of &ai" in$ended fo) $he&% 3#s$ as i$ is $he d#$+ of $he o#nse" $o info)& $he o#)$ offi ia""+ of a han*e in his add)ess, I$ is a"so $he )es'onsi!i"i$+ of a 'a)$+ $o info)& $he o#)$ of $he han*e of his add)ess so $ha$ in $he e.en$ $he o#)$ o)de)s $ha$ an o)de) o) )eso"#$ion !e se).ed on $he said 'a)$+ $o ena!"e hi& $o )e ei.e $he said )eso"#$ion o) o)de), REPUBLIC vs. CAGUIOA Se).i e of $he 'e$i$ion on a 'a)$+% when $ha$ 'a)$+ is )e')esen$ed !+ a o#nse" of )e o)d% is a 'a$en$ n#""i$+ and is no$ !indin* #'on $he 'a)$+ w)on*f#""+ se).ed, Howe.e)% $his )#"e ad&i$s of e( e'$ions when fa ed wi$h o&'e""in* )easons of s#!s$an$i.e 3#s$i e &anifes$ in $he 'e$i$ion and in $he s#))o#ndin* i) #&s$an es of $he ase, Addi$iona""+% in $he sa&e wa+ $ha$ an o)i*ina" o&'"ain$ &#s$ !e se).ed on $he defendan$% a o'+ of $he o&'"ain$AinAin$e).en$ion &#s$ !e se).ed on $he ad.e)se 'a)$+ wi$h $he )e6#isi$e ')oof of se).i e d#"+ fi"ed ')io) $o an+ .a"id o#)$ a $ion, A!sen$ $hese o) an+ )eason d#"+ e('"ained and a e'$ed e( #sin* s$)i $ o&'"ian e% $he o#)$ is wi$ho#$ a#$ho)i$+ $o a $ on s# h o&'"ain$4 an+ a $ion $a5en wi$ho#$ $he )e6#i)ed se).i e on$)a.enes $he "aw and $he )#"es% and .io"a$es $he ad.e)se 'a)$+8s !asi and ons$i$#$iona" )i*h$ $o d#e ')o ess, BARRA)E+A vs. CASTILLO

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The e( e'$ion in se).i e !+ )e*is$e)ed &ai" )efe)s $o ons$)# $i.e se).i e% no$ $o a $#a" )e ei'$ of $he &ai"% i$ is e.iden$ $ha$ $he fai) and 3#s$ a''"i a$ion of $ha$ e( e'$ion de'ends #'on on "#si.e ')oof $ha$ a fi)s$ no$i e was sen$ !+ $he 'os$&as$e) $o $he add)essee, I$ is in #&!en$ #'on a 'a)$+% who )e"ies on ons$)# $i.e se).i e o) who on$ends $ha$ his ad.e)sa)+ was se).ed wi$h a o'+ of a fina" o)de) o) 3#d*&en$ #'on $he e('i)a$ion of fi.e da+s f)o& $he fi)s$ no$i e of )e*is$e)ed &ai" sen$ !+ $he 'os$&as$e) $o ')o.e $ha$ fi)s$ no$i e was sen$ and de"i.e)ed $o $he add)essee, A e)$ifi a$ion f)o& $he 'os$&as$e) wo#"d !e $he !es$ e.iden e of $ha$ fa $, The &ai"&anJs $es$i&on+ &a+ a"so !e add# ed $o ')o.e $ha$ fa $, The 'os$&as$e)Js e)$ifi a$ion as $o $he sendin* of $he fi)s$ no$i e sho#"d in "#de $he da$a no$ on"+ as $o whe$he) o) no$ $he o))es'ondin* no$i es we)e iss#ed o) sen$ !#$ a"so as $o how% when and $o who& $he de"i.e)+ $he)eof was &ade, PNB vs. CFI OF RI.AL As !e$ween $he denia" of $he 'e$i$ione)sJ o#nse" $ha$ he )e ei.ed $he no$i e of $he )e*is$e)ed &ai" and $he 'os$&as$e)Js e)$ifi a$ion $ha$ said no$i es we)e sen$ $o hi&% $he 'os$&as$e)Js "ai& sho#"d ')e.ai", The 'os$&as$e) has $he offi ia" d#$+ $o send no$i es of )e*is$e)ed &ai" and $he ')es#&'$ion is $ha$ offi ia" d#$+ was )e*#"a)"+ 'e)fo)&ed, UP vs. SI.ON I$ is se$$"ed $ha$ whe)e a 'a)$+ has a''ea)ed !+ o#nse"% se).i e &#s$ !e &ade #'on s# h o#nse", Se).i e on $he 'a)$+ o) $he 'a)$+8s e&'"o+ee is no$ effe $i.e !e a#se s# h no$i e is no$ no$i e in "aw, 0UELNAN vs. /*F= INC. Se).i e !+ )e*is$e)ed &ai" is o&'"e$e #'on a $#a" )e ei'$ !+ $he add)essee, Howe.e)% if $he add)essee fai"s $o "ai& his &ai" f)o& $he 'os$ offi e wi$hin : da+s f)o& $he da$e of $he fi)s$ no$i e% se).i e !e o&es effe $i.e #'on $he e('i)a$ion of : da+s $he)ef)o&, In s# h a ase% $he)e a)ises a ')es#&'$ion $ha$ $he se).i e was o&'"e$e a$ $he end of $he said :Ada+ 'e)iod, This &eans $ha$ $he 'e)iod $o a''ea" o) $o fi"e $he ne essa)+ '"eadin* !e*ins $o )#n af$e) : da+s f)o& $he fi)s$ no$i e *i.en !+ $he 'os$&as$e), This is !e a#se a 'a)$+ is dee&ed $o ha.e )e ei.ed and $o ha.e !een no$ified of $he 3#d*&en$ a$ $ha$ 'oin$, The fai"#)e $o "ai& a )e*is$e)ed &ai" &a$$e) of whi h no$i e had !een d#"+ *i.en !+ $he 'os$&as$e) is no$ an e( #sa!"e ne*"e $ $ha$ wo#"d wa))an$ $he )eo'enin* of a de ided ase,

2hene.e) ne essa)+ and e('edien$% $he ')es#&'$ion of o&'"e$eness of se).i e o#*h$ $o !e a''"ied, 2hi"e i$ is $)#e $ha$ $he )#"e on o&'"e$eness of se).i e !+ )e*is$e)ed &ai" on"+ ')o.ides fo) a dis'#$a!"e ')es#&'$ion% $he !#)den is on 'e$i$ione) $o show $ha$ $he 'os$&as$e)8s no$i e ne.e) )ea hed hi& and $ha$ he did no$ a 6#i)e 5now"ed*e of $he 3#d*&en$, A)EN5A)EN vs. COURT OF APPEALS 911 of R#"e 1> ')o.ides $ha$ se).i e and fi"in* of '"eadin*s and o$he) 'a'e)s &#s$% whene.e) ')a $i a!"e% !e done 'e)sona""+, The &anda$o)+ na$#)e of $his )#"e )e6#i)in* 'e)sona" se).i e whene.e) ')a $i a!"e% said 9 *i.es $he o#)$ $he dis )e$ion $o onside) a '"eadin* o) 'a'e) as no$ fi"ed if $he o$he) &odes of se).i e o) fi"in* we)e )eso)$ed $o and no w)i$$en e('"ana$ion was &ade as $o wh+ 'e)sona" se).i e was no$ done in $he fi)s$ '"a e, GAR/I+A vs. SALES 7i"in* a '"eadin* !+ fa si&i"e $)ans&ission is no$ san $ioned !+ $he COGELEC R#"es of P)o ed#)e% &# h "ess !+ $he R#"es of Co#)$, A fa si&i"e is no$ a *en#ine and a#$hen$i '"eadin*, I$ is% a$ !es$% an e(a $ o'+ ')ese).in* a"" $he &a)5s of an o)i*ina", ;< 2i$ho#$ $he o)i*ina"% $he)e is no wa+ of de$e)&inin* on i$s fa e whe$he) $he fa si&i"e '"eadin* is *en#ine and a#$hen$i and was o)i*ina""+ si*ned !+ $he 'a)$+ and his o#nse", I$ &a+% in fa $% !e a sha& '"eadin*, The #n e)$ain$+ of $he a#$hen$i i$+ of a fa si&i"e '"eadin* sho#"d ha.e )es$)ained $he COGELEC en banc f)o& a $in* on $he 'e$i$ion and iss#in* $he 6#es$ioned o)de), BELEN vs. C*A/E. As a GENERAL RULE% when a 'a)$+ is )e')esen$ed !+ o#nse" of )e o)d% se).i e of o)de)s and no$i es &#s$ !e &ade #'on said a$$o)ne+ and no$i e $o $he "ien$ and $o an+ o$he) "aw+e)% no$ $he o#nse" of )e o)d% is no$ no$i e in "aw, The EQCEPTION $o $his )#"e is when se).i e #'on $he 'a)$+ hi&se"f has !een o)de)ed !+ $he o#)$, In ases whe)e se).i e was &ade on $he o#nse" of )e o)d a$ his *i.en add)ess% no$i e sen$ $o 'e$i$ione) i$se"f is no$ e.en ne essa)+, U'on $he dea$h of A$$+, A" an$a)a% $he "aw+e)A "ien$ )e"a$ionshi' !e$ween hi& and 'e$i$ione)s has eased and $h#s% $he se).i e of $he RTC de ision on hi& is ineffe $i.e and did no$ !ind 'e$i$ione)s, The s#!se6#en$ se).i e on 'e$i$ione)s8 '#)'o)$ed "as$ 5nown add)ess!+ )e*is$e)ed &ai" is a"so defe $i.e !e a#se i$ does no$ o&'"+ wi$h $he )e6#isi$es of 9C of R#"e 1> on se).i e !+ )e*is$e)ed &ai", 9C of R#"e 1> on$e&'"a$es se).i e a$ $he present address of $he 'a)$+ and no$ a$ an+ o$he) add)ess of $he 'a)$+, Se).i e a$ $he 'a)$+8s fo)&e) add)ess o) his "as$

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5nown add)ess o) an+ add)ess o$he) $han his ')esen$ add)ess does no$ 6#a"if+ as s#!s$an$ia" o&'"ian e wi$h $he )e6#i)e&en$s of 9C of R#"e 1>, The)efo)e% se).i e !+ )e*is$e)ed &ai" ')es#''oses $ha$ $he ')esen$ add)ess of $he 'a)$+ is 5nown and if $he 'e)son who )e ei.es $he sa&e is no$ $he add)essee% he &#s$ !e d#"+ a#$ho)iDed !+ $he fo)&e) $o )e ei.e $he 'a'e) on !eha"f of $he 'a)$+, PENOSA vs. +ONA E#)is')#den e ho"ds $ha$ $he )#"e $ha$ a '"eadin* &#s$ !e a o&'anied !+ a w)i$$en e('"ana$ion wh+ $he se).i e o) fi"in* was no$ done 'e)sona""+ is &anda$o)+, Howe.e)% $he o#)$ &a+ e(e) ise i$s dis )e$iona)+ 'owe) #nde) 911 of R#"e 1>% $a5in* a o#n$ $he fo""owin* fa $o)s: ;1< $he ')a $i a!i"i$+ of 'e)sona" se).i e4 ;B< $he i&'o)$an e of $he s#!3e $ &a$$e) of $he ase o) $he iss#es in.o".ed $he)ein4 and ;>< $he prima facie &e)i$ of $he '"eadin* so#*h$ $o !e e('#n*ed fo) .io"a$ion of 911, AFP )UTUAL BENEFIT vs. COURT OF APPEALS The Re.ised R#"es of Co#)$ a""ows $he anno$a$ion of a no$i e of lis pendens in a $ions affe $in* $he $i$"e o) )i*h$ of 'ossession of )ea" ')o'e)$+% o) an in$e)es$ in s# h )ea" ')o'e)$+, The )#"e of lis pendens a''"ied $o s#i$s !)o#*h$ M$o es$a!"ish an e6#i$a!"e es$a$e% in$e)es$% o) )i*h$ in s'e ifi )ea" ')o'e)$+ o) $o enfo) e an+ "ien% ha)*e% o) en #&!)an e a*ains$ i$,M Pen i" &a)5in*s a)e no$ an a e'$ed fo)& of anno$a$in* a no$i e of lis pendens, The Co#)$ anno$ a e'$ $he a)*#&en$ $ha$ s# h 'en i" anno$a$ion an !e onside)ed as a .a"id anno$a$ion of no$i e of lis pendens% and $h#s an effe $i.e no$i e $o $he who"e wo)"d as $o $he s$a$#s of $he $i$"e $o $he "and, The "aw )e6#i)es ')o'e) anno$a$ion% no$ M')o.isiona"M anno$a$ion of a no$i e of lis pendens, In $he ')esen$ ase% $he)e o#"d !e no .a"id anno$a$ion on $he $i$"es !e a#se $he ase #sed as !asis of $he anno$a$ion 'endin* wi$h $he $)ia" o#)$ was an action for collection of a sum of money and did NOT in.o".e $he $i$"es $o% 'ossession o) owne)shi' of $he s#!3e $ ')o'e)$+ o) an in$e)es$ $he)ein and% $he)efo)e% was no$ a ')o'e) s#!3e $ of a no$i e of lis pendens. RULE 8>9 SU))ONS RAPI+ REALT- vs. ORLAN+O /ILLA E#)isdi $ion o.e) $he defendan$ in a i.i" ase is a 6#i)ed ei$he) !+ $he oe) i.e 'owe) of "e*a" ')o esses e(e)$ed o.e) his 'e)son% o) his .o"#n$a)+ a''ea)an e in o#)$, One who see5s an affi)&a$i.e )e"ief is dee&ed $o ha.e s#!&i$$ed $o $he 3#)isdi $ion of $he o#)$, The fi"in* of &o$ions $o ad&i$ answe)% fo) addi$iona" $i&e $o fi"e answe)% fo) )e onside)a$ion of a defa#"$ 3#d*&en$% and $o

"if$ o)de) of defa#"$ wi$h &o$ion fo) )e onside)a$ion% is onside)ed .o"#n$a)+ s#!&ission $o $he o#)$8s 3#)isdi $ion, Howe.e)% $his is $e&'e)ed !+ $he on e'$ of ondi$iona" a''ea)an e% s# h $ha$ a 'a)$+ who &a5es a s'e ia" a''ea)an e $o ha""en*e% a&on* o$he)s% $he o#)$8s 3#)isdi $ion o.e) his 'e)son anno$ !e onside)ed $o ha.e s#!&i$$ed $o i$s a#$ho)i$+, I$ is $h#s "ea) $ha$: ;1< S'e ia" a''ea)an e o'e)a$es as an e( e'$ion $o $he *ene)a" )#"e on .o"#n$a)+ a''ea)an e4 ;B< A o)din*"+% o!3e $ions $o $he 3#)isdi $ion of $he o#)$ o.e) $he 'e)son of $he defendan$ &#s$ !e e('"i i$"+ &ade% i,e,% se$ fo)$h in an #ne6#i.o a" &anne)4 and ;>< 7ai"#)e $o do so ons$i$#$es .o"#n$a)+ s#!&ission $o $he 3#)isdi $ion of $he o#)$% es'e ia""+ in ins$an es whe)e a '"eadin* o) &o$ion see5in* affi)&a$i.e )e"ief is fi"ed and s#!&i$$ed $o $he o#)$ fo) )eso"#$ion, PARA)OUNT INSURANCE vs. JAP.ON A"$ho#*h 'e$i$ione) 6#es$ioned $he ')o')ie$+ of $he se).i e of s#&&ons% i$ fai"ed $o s#!s$an$ia$e i$s a""e*a$ion $ha$ i$ was no$ ')o'e)"+ se).ed wi$h s#&&ons, Hen e% $he dis'#$a!"e ')es#&'$ion $ha$ offi ia" d#$+ has !een )e*#"a)"+ 'e)fo)&ed ')e.ai"s, BOTICANO vs. C*U Defe $s in 3#)isdi $ion a)isin* f)o& i))e*#"a)i$ies in $he o&&en e&en$ of $he ')o eedin*s% defe $i.e ')o ess o) e.en a!sen e of ')o ess &a+ !e wai.ed !+ a fai"#)e $o &a5e seasona!"e o!3e $ions, I$ anno$ !e )aised fo) $he fi)s$ $i&e in a''ea", Unde) 9B> of R#"e 1H% $he defendan$Js .o"#n$a)+ a''ea)an e in $he a $ion sha"" !e e6#i.a"en$ $o se).i e, Th#s% #nde) $his ')in i'"e% $he defe $ of s#&&ons is #)ed !+ $he .o"#n$a)+ a''ea)an e of $he defendan$, PAN ASIATIC TRA/EL vs. COURT OF APPEALS S#&&ons on $he fi)s$ a&ended o&'"ain$ was ')o'e)"+ se).ed on PANAASIATIC, Af$e) whi h% $he o&'an+ fi"ed se.e)a" &o$ions fo) e($ension of $i&e wi$hin whi h $o fi"e )es'onsi.e '"eadin*% and $hen a Go$ion fo) 1i"" of Pa)$i #"a)s% a"" of whi h &o$ions we)e *)an$ed !+ $he $)ia" o#)$, 2i$h $he fi"in* of $hese &o$ions% PANAASIATIC had effe $i.e"+ a''ea)ed in $he ase and .o"#n$a)i"+ s#!&i$$ed i$se"f $o $he 3#)isdi $ion of $he o#)$, Hen e% no new s#&&ons on $he Se ond A&ended Co&'"ain$ was ne essa)+% o)dina)+ se).i e !ein* s#ffi ien$, SAN+O/AL vs. *RET

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S#&&ons #'on a )es'onden$ o) a defendan$&#s$ !e se).ed !+ handin* a o'+ $he)eof $o hi& in 'e)son o)% if he )ef#ses $o )e ei.e i$% !+ $ende)in* i$ $o hi&, If howe.e) effo)$s $o find hi& 'e)sona""+ wo#"d &a5e ')o&'$ se).i e i&'ossi!"e% se).i e &a+ !e o&'"e$ed !+ s#!s$i$#$ed se).i e, S#!s$i$#$ed se).i e de)o*a$es $he )e*#"a) &e$hod of 'e)sona" se).i e, I$ is )e6#i)ed $ha$ s$a$#$o)+ )es$)i $ions fo) s#!s$i$#$ed se).i e &#s$ !e s$)i $"+% fai$hf#""+ and f#""+ o!se).ed, 7o) se).i e of s#&&ons $o !e .a"id% i$ is ne essa)+ fi)s$ $o es$a!"ish $he fo""owin* i) #&s$an es: ;a< i&'ossi!i"i$+ of se).i e of s#&&ons wi$hin a )easona!"e $i&e% ;!< effo)$s e(e)$ed $o "o a$e $he 'e$i$ione)s and% ; < se).i e #'on a 'e)son of s#ffi ien$ a*e and dis )e$ion )esidin* $he)ein o) so&e o&'e$en$ 'e)son in ha)*e of his offi e o) )e*#"a) '"a e of !#siness, I$ is a"so essen$ia" $ha$ $he 'e)$inen$ fa $s ')o.in* $hese i) #&s$an es !e s$a$ed in $he ')oof of se).i e o) offi e)Js )e$#)n i$se"f and on"+ #nde) e( e'$iona" $e)&s &a+ $he+ !e ')o.ed !+ e.iden e aliunde, 7ai"#)e $o o&'"+ wi$h $his )#"e )ende)s a!so"#$e"+ .oid $he s#!s$i$#$ed se).i e a"on* wi$h $he ')o eedin*s $a5en $he)eaf$e) fo) "a 5 of 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he 'e)son of $he defendan$ o) $he )es'onden$, To !e a McompetentM 'e)son $o )e ei.e $he s#&&ons &eans $ha$ he sho#"d !e Mduly qualifiedM and Mhaving sufficient capacity, ability or authority , The )#"e ')es#''oses $ha$ s# h a )e"a$ion of onfiden e e(is$s !e$ween $he 'e)son wi$h who& $he o'+ is "ef$ and $he defendan$ and% $he)efo)e% ass#&es $ha$ s# h 'e)son wi"" de"i.e) $he ')o ess $o defendan$ o) in so&e wa+ *i.e hi& no$i e $he)eof, OA)INAL vs. CASTILLO The )e ei'$ of $he s#&&ons !+ $he "e*a" se )e$a)+ of $he defendan$s AA )es'onden$s he)ein AA is dee&ed ')o'e)% !e a#se $he+ ad&i$ $he a $#a" )e ei'$ $he)eof% !#$ &e)e"+ 6#es$ion $he &anne) of se).i e, Go)eo.e)% when $he+ as5ed fo) affi)&a$i.e )e"iefs in se.e)a" &o$ions and $he)e!+ s#!&i$$ed $he&se".es $o $he 3#)isdi $ion of $he $)ia" o#)$% wha$e.e) defe $s $he se).i e of s#&&ons &a+ ha.e had we)e #)ed, Go)eoe.e)% )es'onden$s did no$ )aise in $hei) Go$ion $o Dis&iss $he iss#e of 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $hei) 'e)sons4 $he+ )aised on"+ i&')o'e) .en#e and "i$is 'enden$ia, Hen e% wha$e.e) defe $ $he)e was in $he &anne) of se).i e sho#"d !e dee&ed wai.ed, )ASON vs. COURT OF APPEALS The desi*na$ion of 'e)sons o) offi e)s who a)e a#$ho)iDed $o a e'$ s#&&ons fo) a do&es$i o)'o)a$ion o) 'a)$ne)shi' is now "i&i$ed and &o)e

"ea)"+ s'e ified in 911 of R#"e 1H, The )#"e now s$a$es M*ene)a" &ana*e)M ins$ead of on"+ M&ana*e)M4 M o)'o)a$e se )e$a)+M ins$ead of Mse )e$a)+M4 and M$)eas#)e)M ins$ead of M ashie),M The new )#"e is )es$)i $ed% "i&i$ed and e( "#si.e JOSE vs. BO-ON +O)AGAS vs. JENSEN In an a $ion in personam% 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he 'e)son of $he defendan$ is ne essa)+ fo) $he o#)$ $o .a"id"+ $)+ and de ide $he ase, E#)isdi $ion o.e) $he 'e)son of a resident defendan$ who does no$ .o"#n$a)i"+ a''ea) in o#)$ an !e a 6#i)ed !+ 'e)sona" se).i e of s#&&ons as ')o.ided #nde) 9C of R#"e 1H, If he anno$ !e 'e)sona""+ se).ed wi$h s#&&ons wi$hin a )easona!"e $i&e% s#!s$i$#$ed se).i e &a+ !e &ade in a o)dan e wi$h 9= of said R#"e, If he is TEGPORARILK OUT O7 THE COUNTRK% an+ of $he fo""owin* &odes of se).i e &a+ !e )eso)$ed $o: ;a< s#!s$i$#$ed se).i e se$ fo)$h in 9=4 ;B< 'e)sona" se).i e o#$side $he o#n$)+% wi$h "ea.e of o#)$4 ;>< se).i e !+ '#!"i a$ion% a"so wi$h "ea.e of o#)$4 o) ;H< an+ o$he) &anne) $he o#)$ &a+ dee& s#ffi ien$, BIACO vs. P*IL. COUNTR-SI+E RURAL BAN6 In a ')o eedin* in )e& o) 6#asi in )e&% 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he 'e)son of $he defendan$ is no$ a ')e)e6#isi$e $o onfe) 3#)isdi $ion on $he o#)$ ')o.ided $ha$ $he o#)$ a 6#i)es 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he )es, E#)isdi $ion o.e) $he )es is a 6#i)ed ei$he) ;1< !+ $he seiD#)e of $he ')o'e)$+ #nde) "e*a" ')o ess% whe)e!+ i$ is !)o#*h$ in$o a $#a" #s$od+ of $he "aw4 o) ;B< as a )es#"$ of $he ins$i$#$ion of "e*a" ')o eedin*s% in whi h $he 'owe) of $he o#)$ is )e o*niDed and &ade effe $i.e,1: None$he"ess% s#&&ons &#s$ !e se).ed #'on $he defendan$ no$ fo) $he '#)'ose of .es$in* $he o#)$ wi$h 3#)isdi $ion !#$ &e)e"+ fo) sa$isf+in* $he d#e ')o ess )e6#i)e&en$s, 2hi"e $he $)ia" o#)$ a 6#i)ed 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he res% i$s 3#)isdi $ion is "i&i$ed $o a )endi$ion of 3#d*&en$ on $he res, I$ anno$ e($end i$s 3#)isdi $ion !e+ond $he res and iss#e a 3#d*&en$ enfo) in* 'e$i$ione)8s 'e)sona" "ia!i"i$+, In doin* so wi$ho#$ fi)s$ ha.in* a 6#i)ed 3#)isdi $ion o.e) $he 'e)son of 'e$i$ione)% as i$ did% $he $)ia" o#)$ .io"a$ed he) ons$i$#$iona" )i*h$ $o d#e ')o ess% wa))an$in* $he ann#"&en$ of $he 3#d*&en$ )ende)ed in $he ase, BPI vs. SANTIAGO A s$)i $ o&'"ian e wi$h $he &ode of se).i e is ne essa)+ $o onfe) 3#)isdi $ion of $he o#)$ o.e) a

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o)'o)a$ion, The offi e) #'on who& se).i e is &ade &#s$ !e one who is na&ed in $he s$a$#$e4 o$he)wise% $he se).i e is ins#ffi ien$, P*ILA)GEN vs. BRE/A

PRES-LER vs. )ANILA SOUT*COAST +ELA PENA vs. +ELA PENA )ANACOP vs. COURT OF APPEALS

A ase sho#"d no$ !e dis&issed si&'"+ !e a#se an o)i*ina" s#&&ons was w)on*f#""+ se).ed, I$ sho#"d !e diffi #"$ $o on ei.e% fo) e(a&'"e% $ha$ when a defendan$ 'e)sona""+ a''ea)s !efo)e a Co#)$ o&'"ainin* $ha$ he had no$ !een .a"id"+ s#&&oned% $ha$ $he ase a*ains$ hi& sho#"d !e dis&issed, An alias s#&&ons an !e a $#a""+ se).ed on said defendan$, I$ is no$ 'e)$inen$ whe$he) $he s#&&ons is desi*na$ed as an Mo)i*ina"M o) an Ma"iasM s#&&ons as "on* as i$ has ade6#a$e"+ se).ed i$s '#)'ose, 2ha$ is essen$ia" is $ha$ $he s#&&ons o&'"ies wi$h $he )e6#i)e&en$s #nde) $he R#"es of Co#)$ and i$ has !een d#"+ se).ed on $he defendan$ $o*e$he) wi$h $he ')e.ai"in* o&'"ain$, Go)eo.e)% $he se ond s#&&ons was $e hni a""+ no$ an a"ias s#&&ons !#$ &o)e of a new s#&&ons on $he a&ended o&'"ain$, I$ was no$ a on$in#a$ion of $he fi)s$ s#&&ons onside)in* $ha$ i$ 'a)$i #"a)"+ )efe))ed $o $he a&ended o&'"ain$ and no$ $o $he o)i*ina" o&'"ain$, BELEN vs. C*A/E.= su$!a. SANTOS vs. PNOC E3PLORATION

A.AJAR vs. COURT OF APPEALS SAR)IENTO vs. .ARATAN ANECO REALT- +E/4T vs. LAN+E3 PNB vs. +EANG RULE 8C9 )OTION TO +IS)ISS BARRA.A vs. CA)POS BA FINANCE vs. PINE+A CONEJOS vs. BOCANEGRA PANGANIBAN vs. PILIPINAS S*ELL CORP. UNITE+ STATES OF A)ERICA vs. RUI. PA+LAN vs. +INGLASAN UNI/ERSAL ROBINA CORP. vs. LI)

SANSIO P*ILS. vs. SPS. )OGOL B+ LONG SPAN vs. R.S. A)EPLO0UIO REALTPLANTERS +E/4T BAN6 vs. C*AN+U)AL )ACASAET /S. CO *SBC LT+. vs. CATALAN N) ROT*SC*IL+ vs. LEPANTO CONSOLI+ATE+ )ONTEFALCON vs. /AS0UE. CARIAG vs. )ALA-A LICAROS vs. LICAROS BUSUEGO vs. COURT OF APPEALS PINLAC vs. COURT OF APPEALS

GALIN+O vs. *EIRS OF )ARCIANO RO3AS

BENE+ICTO RA)OS vs. PERALTA= SPS. ORTANE. J P.R. RO)AN. INC. L ! " #$%&$%! ' $o !e in.o5ed as a *)o#nd fo) $he dis&issa" of an a $ion% $he on #))en e of $he fo""owin* )e6#isi$es is ne essa)+: ;a< Iden$i$+ of 'a)$ies o) a$ "eas$ s# h as )e')esen$ $he sa&e in$e)es$ in !o$h a $ions4 ;!< Iden$i$+ of )i*h$s asse)$ed and )e"ief ')a+ed fo)% $he )e"ief !ein* fo#nded on $he sa&e fa $s4 and ; < The iden$i$+ in $he $wo ases sho#"d !e s# h $ha$ $he 3#d*&en$ $ha$ &a+ !e )ende)ed in one wo#"d% )e*a)d"ess of whi h 'a)$+ is s# essf#"% a&o#n$ $o res judicata in $he o$he), The )#"e on litis pendentia does no$ )e6#i)e $ha$ $he "a$e) ase sho#"d +ie"d $o $he ea)"ie) ase, 2ha$ is )e6#i)ed &e)e"+ is $ha$ $he)e !e ano$he) 'endin* a $ion% no$ a prior 'endin* a $ion, C*U vs. SPS. CUNANAN= BENEL+A ESTATE J SPOUSES CARLOS )ANILA BAN6ERS vs. ABAN

RULE 8B9 )OTIONS JOSE +ELA RE-ES vs. RA)NANI

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/ITANGCOL /S. NE7 /ISTA PROPERTIES COLU)BIA PICTURES vs. COURT OFA PPEALS GUERRERO vs. RTC OF ILOCOS CUA vs. 7ALLE) S7E+IS* )ATC* vs. COURT OF APPEALS GUERRERO vs. RTC OF ILOCOS= su$!a. CALIFORNIA J *A7AIIAN SUGAR vs. C.F. S*ARP SPS. RAS+AS vs. ESTENOR TAN vs. TAN AL+ERSGATE COLLEGE vs. GAUUAN RULE 8D9 +IS)ISSAL OF ACTIONS GO vs. CRU. /ALLANGCA vs. COURT OF APPEALS E3ECUTI/E SECRETAR- vs. GOR+ON SA)SON vs. FIEL5)ACARAIG ELOISA )ERC*AN+ISING vs. TREBEL INT4L

The )#"es ha.e &ade &anda$o)+ $ha$ a ')eA$)ia" sho#"d fi)s$ !e ond# $ed !efo)e hea)in* an+ ase, The 'a)$ies $he&se".es a)e )e6#i)ed $o a$$end o) $hei) )e')esen$a$i.e wi$h w)i$$en a#$ho)i$+ f)o& $he& in o)de) $o a))i.e a$ a 'ossi!"e a&i a!"e se$$"e&en$% $o s#!&i$ $o a"$e)na$i.e &odes of dis'#$e )eso"#$ion% and $o en$e) in$o s$i'#"a$ions o) ad&issions of fa $s and do #&en$s, The '#)'ose of en$e)in* in$o a s$i'#"a$ion of fa $s o) ad&ission of fa $s is $o e('edi$e $)ia" and $o )e"ie.e $he 'a)$ies and $he o#)$ of $he os$s of ')o.in* fa $s whi h wi"" no$ !e dis'#$ed on $)ia" and $he $)#$h of whi h an !e as e)$ained !+ )easona!"e in6#i)+, All o &(e ma&&e!s &a?en u$ du!"n% &(e $!e5&!"al "nclud"n% &(e s&"$ula&"on o ac&s and &(e adm"ss"ons made b# &(e $a!&"es a!e !eKu"!ed &o be !eco!ded "n a $!e5&!"al o!de!, T(e adm"ss"ons clea!l# made du!"n% &(e $!e5&!"al con e!ence a!e conclus"ve u$on &(e $a!&"es ma?"n% "&. TIU vs. )I++LETON P)eA$)ia" is an essen$ia" de.i e fo) $he s'eed+ dis'osi$ion of dis'#$es, Hen e% 'a)$ies anno$ !)#sh i$ aside as a &e)e $e hni a"i$+, 2he)e $he ')eA$)ia" !)ief does no$ on$ain $he na&es of wi$nesses and $he s+no'ses of $hei) $es$i&onies as )e6#i)ed !+ $he R#"es of Co#)$% $he $)ia" o#)$% $h)o#*h i$s ')eA$)ia" o)de)% &a+ !a) $he wi$nesses f)o& $es$if+in*, Howe.e)% an o)de) a""owin* $he ')esen$a$ion of #nna&ed wi$nesses &a+ no "on*e) !e &odified d#)in* $he $)ia" wi$ho#$ $he onsen$ of $he 'a)$ies affe $ed, E#d*es ha.e $he dis )e$ion $o e( "#de wi$nesses and o$he) 'ie es of e.iden e no$ "is$ed in $he ')eA$)ia" !)ief% ')o.ided $he 'a)$ies a)e *i.en ')io) no$i e $o $his effe $, The 'a)$ies &#s$ 'a+ a$$en$ion no$ on"+ $o $he ')eA$)ia" !)iefs% !#$ a"so $o $he ')eA$)ia" o)de), In his PRE5TRIAL OR+ER% $he $)ia" 3#d*e did no$ e(e) ise his dis )e$ion $o e( "#de $he #n"is$ed o) #nna&ed wi$nesses, Sin e $he O)de) a""owed )es'onden$s $o ')esen$ wi$nesses% i$ ne essa)i"+ fo""ows $ha$ i$ sho#"d *)an$ $he sa&e )i*h$ $o 'e$i$ione), 1+ $hei) si"en e% )es'onden$s a 6#ies ed $o $he P)eA$)ia" O)de) a""owin* $he ')esen$a$ion of 'e$i$ione)Js #nna&ed wi$nesses, Godif+in* a ')eA$)ia" o)de) d#)in* $he $)ia" o) when $he defendan$ is a!o#$ $o ')esen$ wi$nesses wi"" ind#!i$a!"+ )es#"$ in &anifes$ in3#s$i e, TROPICAL *O)ES vs. /ILLALU. 2hi"e $he)e a)e ins$an es when a 'a)$+ &a+ !e ')o'e)"+ defa#"$ed% $hese sho#"d !e $he e( e'$ion )a$he) $han $he )#"e% and sho#"d !e a""owed on"+ in "ea) ases of o!s$ina$e )ef#sa" o) ino)dina$e ne*"e $ $o o&'"+ wi$h $he o)de)s of $he o#)$, A!sen$ s# h a showin*% a 'a)$+ &#s$ !e *i.en e.e)+ )easona!"e o''o)$#ni$+ $o ')esen$ his

RULE 8E9 PRE5TRIAL PPA vs. CIT- OF ILOILO A PREATRIAL is ')i&a)i"+ in$ended $o &a5e e)$ain $ha$ a"" iss#es ne essa)+ $o $he dis'osi$ion of a ase a)e ')o'e)"+ )aised, Th#s $o o!.ia$e $he e"e&en$ of s#)')ise% 'a)$ies a)e e('e $ed $o dis "ose a$ $he ')eA$)ia" onfe)en e a"" iss#es of "aw and fa $ whi h $he+ in$end $o )aise a$ $he $)ia", Conse6#en$"+% $he de$e)&ina$ion of iss#es a$ a ')eA$)ia" onfe)en e !a)s $he onside)a$ion of o$he) 6#es$ions on a''ea", A 'a)$+ who de"i!e)a$e"+ ado'$s a e)$ain $heo)+ #'on whi h $he ase is $)ied and de ided !+ $he "owe) o#)$ wi"" no$ !e 'e)&i$$ed $o han*e $heo)+ on a''ea", Poin$s of "aw% $heo)ies% iss#es and a)*#&en$s no$ !)o#*h$ $o $he a$$en$ion of $he "owe) o#)$ need no$ !e% and o)dina)i"+ wi"" no$ !e% onside)ed !+ a )e.iewin* o#)$% as $hese anno$ !e )aised fo) $he fi)s$ $i&e a$ s# h "a$e s$a*e, ALARCONS vs. CA J JUANI

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side and $o )ef#$e $he e.iden e of $he ad.e)se 'a)$+ in defe)en e $o d#e ')o ess of "aw, A"$ho#*h $he 'owe) of a$$o)ne+ in 6#es$ion does no$ s'e ifi a""+ &en$ion $he a#$ho)i$+ of 'e$i$ione)Js o#nse" $o a''ea) and !ind $he 'e$i$ione) a$ $he ')eA$)ia" onfe)en e% $he $e)&s of said 'owe) of a$$o)ne+ a)e o&')ehensi.e eno#*h as $o in "#de $he a#$ho)i$+ $o a''ea) fo) $he 'e$i$ione) a$ $he ')eA$)ia" onfe)en e, SAGUI+ vs. COURT OF APPEALS LC o Rule 8E ')o.ides $ha$ $he fai"#)e of $he defendan$ $o fi"e a ')eA$)ia" !)ief sha"" ha.e $he sa&e effe $ as fai"#)e $o a''ea) a$ $he ')eA$)ia"% i.e,% $he '"ain$iff &a+ ')esen$ his e.iden e ex parte and $he o#)$ sha"" )ende) 3#d*&en$ on $he !asis $he)eof, Howe.e)% $he '"ain$iff is no$ a#$o&a$i a""+ en$i$"ed $o $he )e"ief ')a+ed fo), The "aw *i.es $he defendan$ so&e &eas#)e of ')o$e $ion as $he '"ain$iff &#s$ s$i"" ')o.e $he a""e*a$ions in $he o&'"ain$, 7a.o)a!"e )e"ief an !e *)an$ed on"+ af$e) $he o#)$ is on.in ed $ha$ $he fa $s ')o.en !+ $he '"ain$iff wa))an$ s# h )e"ief, Indeed% $he 'a)$+ a""e*in* a fa $ has $he !#)den of ')o.in* i$ and a &e)e a""e*a$ion is no$ e.iden e, The !#)den of ')oof )es$s #'on $he 'a)$+ who% as de$e)&ined !+ $he '"eadin*s o) $he na$#)e of $he ase% asse)$s an affi)&a$i.e iss#e, Con$en$ions &#s$ !e ')o.ed !+ o&'e$en$ e.iden e and )e"ian e &#s$ !e had on $he s$)en*$h of $he 'a)$+8s own e.iden e and no$ #'on $he wea5ness of $he o''onen$8s defense, The )e*i&e of "i&i$ed oAowne)shi' of ')o'e)$+ *o.e)nin* $he #nion of 'a)$ies who a)e no$ "e*a""+ a'a i$a$ed $o &a))+ ea h o$he)% !#$ who none$he"ess "i.e $o*e$he) as h#s!and and wife% a''"ies $o ')o'e)$ies a 6#i)ed d#)in* said oha!i$a$ion in ')o'o)$ion $o $hei) )es'e $i.e on$)i!#$ions, CoAowne)shi' wi"" on"+ !e #' $o $he e($en$ of $he ')o.en a $#a" on$)i!#$ion of &one+% ')o'e)$+ o) ind#s$)+, A!sen$ ')oof of $he e($en$ $he)eof% $hei) on$)i!#$ions and o))es'ondin* sha)es sha"" !e ')es#&ed $o !e e6#a", TOLENTINO vs. LAUREL The fai"#)e of a 'a)$+ $o a''ea) a$ $he ')eA$)ia" has ad.e)se onse6#en es, If $he a!sen$ 'a)$+ is $he '"ain$iff% $hen his ase sha"" !e dis&issed, If i$ is $he defendan$ who fai"s $o a''ea)% $hen $he '"ain$iff is a""owed $o ')esen$ his e.iden e e( 'a)$e and $he o#)$ sha"" )ende) 3#d*&en$ on $he !asis $he)eof, Th#s% $he '"ain$iff is *i.en $he ')i.i"e*e $o ')esen$ his e.iden e wi$ho#$ o!3e $ion f)o& $he defendan$% $he "i5e"ihood !ein* $ha$ $he o#)$ wi"" de ide in fa.o) of $he '"ain$iff% $he defendan$ ha.in* fo)fei$ed $he o''o)$#ni$+ $o )e!#$ o) ')esen$ i$s own e.iden e, SON vs. SON

A PRE5TRIAL *EARING is &ean$ $o se).e as a de.i e $o "a)if+ and na))ow down $he !asi iss#es !e$ween $he 'a)$ies% $o as e)$ain $he fa $s )e"a$i.e $o $hose iss#es and $o ena!"e $he 'a)$ies $o o!$ain $he f#""es$ 'ossi!"e 5now"ed*e of $he iss#es and fa $s !efo)e i.i" $)ia"s and $h#s ')e.en$ $ha$ said $)ia"s a)e a))ied on in $he da)5, Pa)$ies a)e e('e $ed $o dis "ose a$ a ')eA$)ia" onfe)en e a"" iss#es of "aw and fa $ whi h $he+ in$end $o )aise a$ $he $)ia"% EQCEPT s# h as &a+ in.o".e ')i.i"e*ed o) i&'ea hin* &a$$e)s, The de$e)&ina$ion of iss#es a$ a ')eA$)ia" onfe)en e !a)s $he onside)a$ion of o$he) 6#es$ions on a''ea", A PRE5TRIAL OR+ER is no$ &ean$ $o !e a de$ai"ed a$a"o*#e of ea h and e.e)+ iss#e $ha$ is $o !e o) &a+ !e $a5en #' d#)in* $he $)ia", Iss#es $ha$ a)e i&'"ied"+ in "#ded $he)ein o) &a+ !e infe)a!"e $he)ef)o& !+ ne essa)+ i&'"i a$ion a)e as &# h in$e*)a" 'a)$s of $he ')eA$)ia" o)de) as $hose $ha$ a)e e(')ess"+ s$i'#"a$ed, 2hen iss#es a)e no$ )aised in $he ')eA$)ia"% !#$ a)e ')esen$ed d#)in* $he $)ia"% $he "a 5 of o!3e $ion a&o#n$s $o an i&'"ied onsen$ onfe))in* 3#)isdi $ion on $he o#)$ $o $)+ said iss#es and $o de'a)$ f)o& $he iss#es on$ained in $he ')eA$)ia" o)de), CORPU. vs. CITIBAN6 L B o Rule 8E $!ov"des &(a& &(e d"sm"ssal o an ac&"on due &o &(e $la"n&" 4s a"lu!e &o a$$ea! a& &(e $!e5&!"al s(all be '"&( $!e:ud"ce= unless o&(e!'"se o!de!ed b# &(e cou!&, In $his ase% $he $)ia" o#)$ dee&ed $he '"ain$iffsAhe)ein s'o#ses as nonAs#i$ed and o)de)ed $he dis&issa" of $hei) Co&'"ain$, As $he dis&issa" was a fina" o)de)% $he ')o'e) )e&ed+ was $o fi"e an o)dina)+ a''ea" and no$ a 'e$i$ion fo) e)$io)a)i, The s'o#ses8 'e$i$ion fo) e)$io)a)i was $h#s ')o'e)"+ dis&issed !+ $he a''e""a$e o#)$, 2hi"e L > o Rule 8E a""ows as an e( e'$ion a .a"id a#se fo) $he nonAa''ea)an e of a 'a)$+ a$ $he ')eA$)ia"% $he ins$an es i$ed !+ $he s'o#ses and $hei) o#nse" ha)d"+ ons$i$#$e o&'e""in* e(i*en ies o) si$#a$ions whi h wa))an$ o asiona" f"e(i!i"i$+ of "i$i*a$ion )#"es, To ons$i$#$e e( #sa!"e ne*"i*en e% $he a!sen e &#s$ !e d#e $o 'e$i$ione)8s o#nse"8s fai"#)e $o $a5e $he ')o'e) s$e's a$ $he ')o'e) $i&e% no$ in onse6#en e of his a)e"essness% ina$$en$ion o) wi""f#" dis)e*a)d of $he ')o ess of $he o#)$% !#$ in onse6#en e of so&e #ne('e $ed o) #na.oida!"e hind)an e o) a iden$, SEC. <. +"sm"ssal due &o aul& o $la"n&" , V If% fo) no 3#s$ifia!"e a#se% $he '"ain$iff fai"s $o a''ea) on $he da$e of $he ')esen$a$ion of his e.iden e in hief on $he o&'"ain$% o) $o ')ose #$e his a $ion fo) an #n)easona!"e "en*$h of $i&e% o) $o o&'"+ wi$h $hese R#"es o) an+ o)de) of $he o#)$% $he o&'"ain$ &a+ !e dis&issed #'on &o$ion of $he defendan$ o) #'on $he o#)$8s own &o$ion%

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wi$ho#$ ')e3#di e $o $he )i*h$ of $he defendan$ $o ')ose #$e his o#n$e) "ai& in $he sa&e o) in a se'a)a$e a $ion, This dis&issa" sha"" ha.e $he effe $ of an ad3#di a$ion #'on $he &e)i$s% #n"ess o$he)wise de "a)ed !+ $he o#)$% e('"ained: 9 >% /of R#"e 1C0 on $he o$he) hand% on$e&'"a$es a dis&issa" no$ ')o #)ed !+ '"ain$iff% a"!ei$ 3#s$ified !+ a#ses i&'#$a!"e $o hi& and whi h% in $he ')esen$ ase% was 'e$i$ione)8s fai"#)e $o a''ea) a$ $he ')eA$)ia", This si$#a$ion is a"so o.e)ed !+ 9 >% as e($ended !+ 3#di ia" in$e)')e$a$ion% and is o)de)ed #'on &o$ion of defendan$ o) &o$# ')o')io !+ $he o#)$, He)e% $he iss#e of whe$he) defendan$ has a 'endin* o#n$e) "ai&% 'e)&issi.e o) o&'#"so)+ is no$ of de$e)&ina$i.e si*nifi an e, The dis&issa" of '"ain$iff8s o&'"ain$ is e.iden$"+ a onfi)&a$ion of $he fai"#)e of e.iden e $o ')o.e his a#se of a $ion o#$"ined $he)ein% hen e $he dis&issa" is onside)ed% as a &a$$e) of e.iden e% an ad3#di a$ion on $he &e)i$s, This does no$% howe.e)% &ean $ha$ $he)e is "i5ewise s# h an a!sen e of e.iden e $o ')o.e defendan$8s o#n$e) "ai& a"$ho#*h $he sa&e a)ises o#$ of $he s#!3e $ &a$$e) of $he o&'"ain$ whi h was &e)e"+ $e)&ina$ed fo) "a 5 of ')oof, To ho"d o$he)wise wo#"d no$ on"+ wo)5 in3#s$i e $o defendan$ !#$ wo#"d !e )eadin* a f#)$he) ')o.ision in$o 9 > and w)es$in* a &eanin* $he)ef)o& a"$ho#*h nei$he) e(is$s e.en !+ &e)e i&'"i a$ion, 6ENT vs. )ICARE.

&e hanis&s fo) $he a 6#isi$ion of owne)shi' of $he "and $i""ed !+ hi& as ')o.ided #nde) P,D, No, BC, Nei$he) is $his )e o*ni$ion 'e)&anen$ no) i))e.o a!"e, 7ai"#)e on $he 'a)$ of $he fa)&e)F*)an$ee $o o&'"+ wi$h his o!"i*a$ion $o 'a+ his "ease )en$a"s o) a&o)$iDa$ion 'a+&en$s when $he+ fa"" d#e fo) a 'e)iod of B +ea)s $o $he "andowne) o) a*)i #"$#)a" "esso) is a *)o#nd fo) fo)fei$#)e of his e)$ifi a$e of "and $)ansfe), C"ea)"+% i$ is on"+ af$e) o&'"ian e wi$h $he a!o.e ondi$ions whi h en$i$"e a farmer or grantee $o an emancipation patent $ha$ he a 6#i)es $he .es$ed )i*h$ of a!so"#$e owne)shi' in $he "andho"din* S a )i*h$ whi h has !e o&e fi(ed and es$a!"ished% and is no "on*e) o'en $o do#!$ o) on$)o.e)s+, A$ !es$% $he fa)&e)F*)an$ee% ')io) $o o&'"ian e wi$h $hese ondi$ions% me!el# $ossesses a con&"n%en& o! ex$ec&an& !"%(& o o'ne!s("$ ove! &(e land(old"n%. )AGSA-SA-5LABRA+OR vs. COURT OF APPEALS To a""ow in$e).en$ion% /a0 i$ &#s$ !e shown $ha$ $he &o.an$ has "e*a" in$e)es$ in $he &a$$e) in "i$i*a$ion% o) o$he)wise 6#a"ified4 and /!0 onside)a$ion &#s$ !e *i.en as $o whe$he) $he ad3#di a$ion of $he )i*h$s of $he o)i*ina" 'a)$ies &a+ !e de"a+ed o) ')e3#di ed% o) whe$he) $he in$e).eno)Js )i*h$s &a+ !e ')o$e $ed in a se'a)a$e ')o eedin* o) no$, 1o$h )e6#i)e&en$s &#s$ on #) as $he fi)s$ is no$ &o)e i&'o)$an$ $han $he se ond, The INTEREST whi h en$i$"es a 'e)son $o in$e).ene in a s#i$ !e$ween o$he) 'a)$ies &#s$ !e in $he &a$$e) in "i$i*a$ion and of s# h d"!ec& and "mmed"a&e c(a!ac&e! &(a& &(e "n&e!veno! '"ll e"&(e! %a"n o! lose b# &(e d"!ec& le%al o$e!a&"on and e ec& o &(e :ud%men& , O$he)wise% if 'e)sons no$ 'a)$ies of $he a $ion o#"d !e a""owed $o in$e).ene% ')o eedin*s wi"" !e o&e #nne essa)i"+ o&'"i a$ed% e('ensi.e and in$e)&ina!"e, And $his is no$ $he 'o"i + of $he "aw, The wo)ds MAN INTEREST IN T*E SUBJECTM &ean a di)e $ in$e)es$ in $he a#se of a $ion as '"eaded% and whi h wo#"d '#$ $he in$e).eno) in a "e*a" 'osi$ion $o "i$i*a$e a fa $ a""e*ed in $he o&'"ain$% wi$ho#$ $he es$a!"ish&en$ of whi h '"ain$iff o#"d no$ )e o.e), OR+ONE. vs. GUSTILO An in$e).en$ion has !een )e*a)ded as Mme!el# colla&e!al o! accesso!# o! anc"lla!# &o &(e $!"nc"$al ac&"on and no& an "nde$enden& $!oceed"n%4 an in$e)"o #$o)+ ')o eedin* de$enden& on o! subs"d"a!# &o= &(e case be&'een &(e o!"%"nal $a!&"es.M The &ain a $ion ha.in* eased $o e(is$% $he)e is no 'endin* ')o eedin* whe)eon $he in$e).en$ion &a+ !e !ased, A :ud%men& a$$!ov"n% a com$!om"se a%!eemen& "s "nal and "mmed"a&el# execu&o!#. A"" 'endin* iss#es

RULE 8H9 INTER/ENTION PAGTULUNAN vs. TA)A-O In$e).en$ion is no$ a &a$$e) of )i*h$ !#$ &a+ !e 'e)&i$$ed !+ $he o#)$s when $he a''"i an$ shows fa $s whi h sa$isf+ $he )e6#i)e&en$s of $he "aw a#$ho)iDin* in$e).en$ion, Unde) 9 B% R#"e 1B of $he Re.ised R#"es of Co#)$% wha$ 6#a"ifies a 'e)son $o in$e).ene is his 'ossession of a "e*a" in$e)es$ in $he &a$$e) in "i$i*a$ion% o) in $he s# ess of ei$he) of $he 'a)$ies% o) an in$e)es$ a*ains$ !o$h% o) when he is so si$#a$ed as $o !e ad.e)se"+ affe $ed !+ a dis$)i!#$ion o) o$he) dis'osi$ion of ')o'e)$+ in $he #s$od+ of $he o#)$ o) an offi e) $he)eof, The Co#)$ has )#"ed $ha$ s# h in$e)es$ &#s$ !e a $#a"% di)e $ and &a$e)ia"% and no$ si&'"+ on$in*en$ and e('e $an$, Hen e% $he &e)e iss#an e of $he e)$ifi a$e of "and $)ansfe) does no$ .es$ in $he fa)&e)F*)an$ee owne)shi' of $he "and des )i!ed $he)ein, The e)$ifi a$e si&'"+ e.iden es $he *o.e)n&en$Js )e o*ni$ion of $he *)an$ee as $he 'a)$+ 6#a"ified $o a.ai" of $he s$a$#$o)+

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PROCEDURE:

CASE

D O C T R I N E S | >C

wi"" !e o&e &oo$ and a ade&i on e a o&')o&ise s#!&i$$ed !+ $he 'a)$ies is a'')o.ed !+ $he $)ia" o#)$, )ETROBAN6 vs. JU+GE= RA-COR AIRCONTROL The in$e).eno) in a 'endin* ase is en$i$"ed $o !e hea)d "i5e an+ o$he) 'a)$+, A "ai& in in$e).en$ion $ha$ see5s affi)&a$i.e )e"ief ')e.en$s a '"ain$iff f)o& $a5in* a .o"#n$a)+ dis&issa" of $he &ain a $ion, 1> 2he)e a o&'"ain$ in in$e).en$ion was fi"ed !efo)e '"ain$iffJs a $ion had !een e(')ess"+ dis&issed% $he in$e).eno)Js o&'"ain$ was no$ s#!3e $ $o dis&issa" on $he *)o#nd $ha$ no a $ion was 'endin*% sin e dis&issa" of '"ain$iffs a $ion did no$ affe $ $he )i*h$s of $he in$e).eno) o) affe $ $he dis&issa" of in$e).eno)Js o&'"ain$, 1H An in$e).eno)Js 'e$i$ion showin* i$ $o !e en$i$"ed $o affi)&a$i.e )e"ief wi"" !e ')ese).ed and hea)d )e*a)d"ess of $he dis'osi$ion of $he ')in i'a" a $ion, An+ 'e)son who has o) "ai&s an in$e)es$ in $he &a$$e) in "i$i*a$ion% in $he s# ess of ei$he) of $he 'a)$ies $o an a $ion% o) a*ains$ !o$h% &a+ in$e).ene in s# h a $ion% and 2HEN HE HAS 1ECOGE A PARTK $he)e$o i$ is e))o) fo) $he o#)$ $o dis&iss $he a $ion% in "#din* $he in$e).en$ion s#i$ on the basis of an agreement between the original parties to the action , An+ se$$"e&en$ &ade !+ $he '"ain$iff and $he defendan$ is ne essa)i"+ ineffe $i.e #n"ess $he in$e).eno) is a 'a)$+ $o i$, )ACTAN5CEBU INT4L vs. *EIRS OF )INO.A The a""owan e o) disa""owan e of a &o$ion fo) in$e).en$ion )es$s on $he so#nd dis )e$ion of $he o#)$ af$e) onside)a$ion of $he a'')o')ia$e i) #&s$an es, I$ is no$ an a!so"#$e )i*h$, An inde'enden$ on$)o.e)s+ anno$ !e in3e $ed in$o a s#i$ !+ in$e).en$ion, Hen e% in$e).en$ion wi"" no$ !e a""owed whe)e i$ wo#"d en"a)*e $he iss#es in $he a $ion and e('and $he s o'e of $he )e&edies, I$ is no$ ')o'e) whe)e $he)e a)e e)$ain fa $s *i.in* $he in$e).eno)8s ase an as'e $ 'e #"ia) $o hi&se"f and diffe)en$ia$in* i$ "ea)"+ f)o& $ha$ of $he o)i*ina" 'a)$ies, The ')o'e) o#)se is fo) $he wo#"dA!e in$e).eno) $o "i$i*a$e his "ai& in a se'a)a$e s#i$, In$e).en$ion is no$ in$ended $o han*e $he na$#)e and ha)a $e) of $he a $ion i$se"f% o) $o s$o' o) de"a+ $he '"a id o'e)a$ion of $he &a hine)+ of $he $)ia", The )e&ed+ of in$e).en$ion is no$ ')o'e) whe)e i$ wi"" ha.e $he effe $ of )e$a)din* $he ')in i'a" s#i$ o) de"a+in* $he $)ia" of $he a $ion,