Answers for Mislaneous Questions in Engineering Chemistry Fluoride electrode: The fluoride ion selective electrodes are used

to measure quickly, accurately and economically fluoride ions in aqueous solutions. The fluoride ion consists of a single crystal of Lanthanum fluoride as a membrane bonded to an epoxy body. The electrode is combined with an internal reference electrode containing KF; KCl/AgCl/Ag/Cu present inside the fluoride selective electrode with minimizes the liquid junction potential. Reference electrode is used to perform the measurement of the emf of the potentiometrically.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 1. What is cell constant? Give its units. Ans: It is the ratio of the distance between the parallel plates of the cell and the area of the electrode. Its units are cm-1. 2. Why does dry cell become dead after sometime even though it is not used? Ans: - Acidic NH4Cl slowly corrodes the Zn container of the dry cell, even when the cell is not in use. Hence, dry cell becomes dead after a long time, even it is not used. 3. The rate of metallic corrosion increases with increasing temperature. Why? Ans: - With increases of temperature of the environment, the rate of reaction as well as rate of diffusion increase, there by corrosion rate increases. 4. Name any four metals whose specific volume of oxides is greater than metals. Ans: - The specific volume of oxides is greater than metals are Cr, Ni, Al and Ti. 5. Why rusting of iron is quick in saline water than in ordinary water? Ans: - The presence of sodium chloride in saline water leads to increased conductivity of water layer in contact with the iron surface, thereby corrosion current increases and rusting is speeded up. ? 6. What is critical humidity of corrosion environment Ans: - It is defined as the relative humidity above which rate of corrosion of metal increases sharply. 7. Why does corrosion occur to steel pipe connected to copper plumbing? Ans: - When iron or steel pipe connected to copper plumbing is exposed to an electrolyte and then iron undergoes corrosion, since iron forms the anode and is attacked and corroded; whereas copper acting as cathode is protected. This type of corrosion is called galvanic corrosion. 8. Why does addition of amines protect iron against corrosion? Ans: - The added amines keep the [H+] in the solution low, thereby shifting the corrosion reaction, O2 (s) + 4H+ (aq) + 4e2H2O (l) to left. 9. Which gases in the atmosphere are likely to accelerate rusting of iron? Ans: - The gases in the atmosphere are likely to accelerate the rusting of iron are CO2, SO2, NO2 etc. 10. Why brass stencils are usually tinned? Ans: - Tin is noble in a nature and gives non toxic protective layer on the surface of the metal. So Brass stencils are usually tinned. 11. What are resins? Ans: - It is the basic polymeric material, which holds the different constituents together in a plastic. 12. Name a trifunctional monomer. Ans: - The trifunctional monomer is Phenol. 13. What is Cementation? Ans: - Iron articles are taken in a drum and a metal powder is added. The drum is closed, heated and shook well. Metal powder coating is formed (in uniform thickness) on the surface of iron articles, so that their rate of corrosion decreases. This is called Cementation.It is used for small articles like bolts, screws, nuts, threaded parts, washers, valves, gauge tools. 14. Why are drying oils used in paints? Ans: - It is a film forming constituent of the paint. The liquid portion of the paint in which the pigment is dispersed is called medium or vehicle or drying oil. It is used to hold the pigment on the metal surfaces, form the protective film, impart H2O repellency, durability and toughness to the film, and give better adhesion to the metal surface. 15. What is sherardizing? Ans: Iron articles are taken in a drum and Zn powder is added. The drum is closed, heated and shook well. FeZn alloy is formed on the surface of iron articles, so that their rate of corrosion decreases. This is called Sherardizing. It is used for small articles like bolts, screws, nuts, threaded parts, washers, valves, gauge tools.