OPEN CHANNELS MSIE ENED |Tata McGraw-Hill Published by the Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, 7 West Patel Nagar, New Delhi 110 008, Copyright © 2009, 1997, 1986 by Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise or stored in a database or retrieval system without the prior written permission of the publishers. The program listings (if any) may be entered, stored and executed in a computer system, but they may not be reproduced for publication. This edition can be exported from India only by the publishers, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited ISBN (13): 978-0-07-008695-1 ISBN (10): 0-07-008695-8 Managing Director: Ajay Shukla General Manager: Publishing —SEM & Tech Ed: Vibha Mahajan Sponsoring Editor: Shukti Mukherjee Jr Editorial Executive: Surabhi Shukla Executive—Editorial Services: Sohini Mukherjee Senior Production Manager: P L Pandita General Manager: Marketing—Higher Education & School: Michael J Cruz Product Manager: SEM & Tech Ed: Biju Ganesan Controller—Production: Rajender P Ghansela Asst. General Manager—Production: B L Dogra Information contained in this work has been obtained by Tata McGraw-Hill, from sources believed to be reliable. However, neither Tata McGraw-Hill nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and neither Tata McGraw Hill nor its authors shall be responsible for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information. This work is published with the understanding that Tata McGraw-Hill and its authors are supplying information but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. Ifsuch services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought. Typeset at Mukesh Technologies Pvt. Ltd., #10, 100 Feet Road, Ellapillaichavadi, Pondicherry 605 005 and printed at Rashtriya Printers, M-135, Panchsheel Garden, Naveen Shahdara, Delhi 110032 Cover Printer: Rashtriya Printers RCXACDDFDRBYAContents ‘Preface Guided Tour 1. Flow in Open Channels ‘L1 Introduction J 1.2 Types of Channels 1 1-4 Velocity Distribution _5 1.5 One-Dimensional Method of Flow Analysis _7 LZ Pressure Distribution in Curvilinear Flows 13 1.9 Equation of Continuity 19 1:10 Energy Equation 22 T.11 Momentum Equation 26 References 30 Problems 30 Objective Questions 38 = Ble 2. Energy—Depth Relationships 42 2.1 Specific Energy 42 2.2 Critical Depth 43 1:5" Caleuation ofthe Critical Depth 47 24 Section Factor Z__51 2,5 First Hydraulic Exponent M51 76 Seppo 34 References _73 Problems 73 Objective Questions 78 “ 21_Introduction _85 3.2 Chezy Equation 85 3,3 Darcy—Weisbach Friction Factor f 86 3.4 Manning's Formula 89 3.6 Velocity Distribution 97 Sy Shay Rtrees Distribution 28 Resi Ten Panta 0 3.9 Manning’s Roughness Coefficient n 96 3.10 Equivalent Roughness 107 3.11 Uniform Flow Computations 104 2.12 Standard Lined Canal Sections 174 3.13 Maximum Discharge of a Channel of the Second Kind 117 3.14 Hydraulically Efficient Channel Section _119 3.15. The Second Hydraulic Exponent N_ 123, 3.16 Compound Channels 125 3.17 Critical Slope 137