EGN EGN- -5439 The Design of Tall Buildings 5439 The Design of Tall Buildings

Lecture #18 Lecture #18

Post-tensioned Concrete Slabs
Basic Concepts
Conventionally Reinforced Structures
Versus
Post-Tensioned Concrete Structures
CONVENTIONALLY REINFORCED
CONCRETE STRUCTURES
Regular Strength Concrete
!nitial Crack occurs soon"
Reinforcement Steel Rebar
F
y
= 60 ksi (Typical)
Passive Reinforcement
After Concrete Cracks
Stresses and Deformations have to occur before rebar
starts working
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TENS!ONED CONCRETE
TENS!ONED CONCRETE
!N FLOOR SYSTENS:
Span Length is generally subject to deflection
issues:
Typical (spanfslab thickness) Ratio = 28
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TENS!ONED CONCRETE
TENS!ONED CONCRETE
Post-Tensioned Concrete Structures:
High Strength Concrete
High Strength Strands (Tendons)
F
y
= 250 ksi
Active" Reinforcement
!nduces Balanced" stresses in concrete
Efficient Design
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TENS!ONED CONCRETE
TENS!ONED CONCRETE
In Floor Systems:
Nuch Larger SpanfDepth Ratio = +5
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TENS!ONED CONCRETE
TENS!ONED CONCRETE
PLAN CONCRETE MEMBER PLAN CONCRETE MEMBER PLAN CONCRETE MEMBER PLAN CONCRETE MEMBER
RENFORCED CONCRETE MEMBER RENFORCED CONCRETE MEMBER RENFORCED CONCRETE MEMBER RENFORCED CONCRETE MEMBER
PRE8TRE88ED MEMBER PRE8TRE88ED MEMBER PRE8TRE88ED MEMBER PRE8TRE88ED MEMBER
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TENS!ONED CONCRETE
TENS!ONED CONCRETE
NTAL CONCEPT8 OF PRE8TRE88NG NTAL CONCEPT8 OF PRE8TRE88NG NTAL CONCEPT8 OF PRE8TRE88NG NTAL CONCEPT8 OF PRE8TRE88NG
Steel is tensioned
prior to casting of
the concrete
PRE-TENSIONING
HOYER (German Eng.)
(1938)
Steel strands are
tensioned after
concrete has
been cast
POST-TENSIONING
FREYSSINET
PRESTRESSING
1928
Eugene Freyssinet
(France)
USES OF PRE-STRESS!NG !N THE U.S.A.
65% PRE-TENSION
(PRECAST)
35% POST-TENSION
IN THE LAST DECADE
1990-2000
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TENS!ONED CONCRETE
TENS!ONED CONCRETE
PRETENSIONING
PRETENSIONING
8TEP 1:
TEN8ONNG OF PRE8TRE88NG
8TRAND8 N 8TRE88NG BED BEFORE
CONCRETE 8 POURED
PRE-8TRE88NG 8TEEL
8TFF 8TEADY
ELEMENT8 {ABUTMENT}
Fc=0
TEN8ONED 8TRAND8
CONCRETE AROUND
CA8TNG OF
8TEP 2:
8TFF 8TEADY
ELEMENT8 {ABUTMENT}
ELEMENT'8
"CENTRODAL" AX8
8TEP 3:
CUT 8TRAND FROM
8TRE88NG BED
CAU8NG 8TRE88E8
AND 8HORTENNG
CUT OFF
MEMBER
8HORTENNG
OF THE MEMBER
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TENSIONING
TENSIONING
Fc=0, T=0
CA8T CONCRETE
8TEP 1:
PVC DUCT, CORRUGATED METAL {GROUTED OR BONDED}
8TEP 2:
TEN8ONNG OF THE
THE PRE8TRE88NG 8TRAND
ANCHOR
JACK
8TRAND
AGAN8T HARDENED
CONCRETE
8HORTENNG OF
THE MEMBER
ANCHORNG OF 8TRAND
8TEP 3:
USES OF PRE-STRESS!NG !N THE U.S.A.
13%
HOLLOW
CORE SLAB
20%
BRIDGES
30%
STRUCTURAL
MEMBERS
37%
ARCHITECTURAL
ELEMENTS
25%
BRIDGES
60%
BUILDINGS
8%
NUCLEAR
AND TANKS
7%
EARTH WORK
RETAINING
STRUCTURES
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TENS!ONED CONCRETE
TENS!ONED CONCRETE
PRE-TENSIONING
APPLICATIONS
POST-TENSIONING
APPLICATIONS
One-way slab on beams
Flat Plate
Slab with wide shallow beams
Slab with column capitals
and drop panels
Waffle slab
Two way slab on beams
TYPE8 OF PO8T-TEN8ONED 8LAB8
Design Concerns:
Serviceability:
Cracks
Deflections
Ninimum Rebar Requirements
Safety:
Collapse
Strength:
Flexural
Shear
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TENS!ONED CONCRETE
TENS!ONED CONCRETE
Basic Load Combinations:
Transfer 1.0 D.L. + 0 L.L. +1.08 Pre-Stressing
Service 1.0 D.L. + 1.0 L.L. + 1.0 Pre-Stressing
Safety 1.+ D.L. + 1.7 L.L. + 1.0 Pre-Stressing
Overload, Naterial Deficiencies:
Long Term 3 D.L. + 3 L.L. + 1.0 Pre-Stressing
Losses due to material behavior, creep, wedge seating,
shrinkage, long term creep, relaxation.
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TENS!ONED CONCRETE
TENS!ONED CONCRETE
Service Checks By ACIJ31S {Chapter 1S):
Naximum stress at tensile fiber:
6 f'c (Two Way)
12 f'c (One way)
!f Naximum Stress is Greater than 2 f'c
Bonded Reinforcement is required
Ninimum Reinforcement
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TENS!ONED CONCRETE
TENS!ONED CONCRETE
Minimum Bonded Reinforcement Required
Top Rebar @ supports A
s
= 0.00075 A
cf
One Way Slab Nin. Rebar =0.00+ A
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TENS!ONED CONCRETE
TENS!ONED CONCRETE
Strength Design {Factored):
vDemand
Results of structural
analysis
MDemand
vProvided
EQUILIBRIUM EQUATIONS
STRAIN COMPATIBILITY
MATERIAL STRENGTH
MResisting
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TENS!ONED CONCRETE
TENS!ONED CONCRETE
STRESSES IN CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS
CALCULATION OF RESISTING MOMENT
W
h
fr
STRESS CONTROL BY PRESTRESSING
Plain Concrete Beam
STRESS CONTROL BY PRESTRESSING
Axially Prestressed Beam
Q
hf2
fc
fc
ft=fc
fc
+ =
2 fc
0
P
P
STRESS CONTROL BY PRESTRESSING
Eccentrically Prestressed Beam
2Q
2hf3
2 fc
0
2 ft=2 fc
2 fc
+ =
2 fc
0
P P
Beam Prestressed with variable Eccentricity
2Q
hf2
2 fc
2 ft=2 fc
0
2 fc
+
=
2 fc
0
P P
STRESS CONTROL BY PRESTRESSING
hf3
(and uniform
compressive
stresses
at the ends)
Q
BALANCED
LOAD
STAGE
hf2
2 fc
ft=fc
0
fc
+ =
fc
fc
P
P
hf3
MIDSPAN
fc
fc
+ =
ENDS
fc
fc
MEMBER
EQU!vALENT LOADS AND NONENTS PRODUCED BY PRESTRESS!NG TENDONS
EQUIVALENT LOAD ON
CONCRETE FROM TENDON
MOMENT FROM
PRESTRESSING
MEMBER
EQU!vALENT LOADS AND NONENTS PRODUCED BY PRESTRESS!NG TENDONS
EQUIVALENT LOAD ON
CONCRETE FROM TENDON
MOMENT FROM
PRESTRESSING
BUILDING IDEALIZATION FOR EQUIVALENT FRAME ANALYSIS
BANDED TENDON PERSPECTIVE
DISTRIBUTED TENDON PERSPECTIVE
TOP STRESSES AT POST-TENSIONED SLAB
CABLE SHOULD FOLLOW MOMENT DIAGRAM SHAPE
PUNCHING SHEAR
FAILURE SURFACE
SHEAR STRESS
DISTRIBUTION DUE TO
Vu AND Mu FOR TYPICAL
INTERIOR COLUMN
df2
EXTRUSION PROCESS USED TO PRODUCE
UNBONDED SINGLE STRAND TENDONS
ELONGATION MEASUREMENT - STEP 1
ELONGATION MEASUREMENT - STEP 2