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Examples: 1. Hearing the noise, the boy woke up. Here, the boy woke up is a fact.

But why did he wake up? He woke up because he heard the noise. In order to add extra meaning to the sentence, the phrase hearing the noise has been added. The word hearing is formed from the verb hear and governs an object. The word hearing qualifies the noun boy as an Adjective does. The word hearing, therefore, partakes of the nature of both a verb and an Adjective and is called PARTICIPLE. It may be called a Verbal Adjective. The word, which partakes of the nature of both a verb and an Adjective, is called PARTICIPLE 2. I saw an elephant carrying a pack of Vegetables on its back. In this sentence, the word carrying qualifies the noun elephant. So carrying is a participle. Here as well as in the above sentence, the participles are in the continuous forms (hearing & carrying) of their verbs (hear & carry). This type of participle is called PRESENT PARTICIPLE. 3. Being the eldest son, John had to shoulder all the responsibilities of his family after his father died. In this sentence, the word being qualifies the pronoun John. That is a Present Participle. 4. Driven by hunger, He stole a piece of bread. In this sentence, the word driven qualifies the noun he. You see that the word is not in the Present Participle form. This type of participle is called PAST PARTICIPLE. 5. Deceived by his friends, he lost all his properties.

In this sentence also the word deceived is a Past Participle. 6. Having elected him President, the people gave him the royal support. In this different sentence the phrase having elected qualifies the noun people. But this phrase is neither Present participle nor Past Participle. This phrase indicates an action which came to an end in the near past. This type of participle is called PERFECT PARTICIPLE. 7. Having come of age, John entered into partnership with his father. In this sentence, the phrase having come is a Perfect Participle.

Gerunds, like infinitives, look like verbs, but they actually function as nouns. Consider the following sentences:

I like going to the beach. ("like" is the verb; "going" is the gerund.) Playing volleyball at the beach is fun. ("Playing" is the gerund and functions as the subject.) I like eating cold pizza. ("like" is the verb; "eating" is the gerund.)

Gerunds are often confused with verbs. Because gerunds take an "ing" ending, some students mistake them for verbs in the continuous form. If you don't see the verb "be" in front of a word with an "ing" ending, it's probably a gerund. For example, which sentence has a gerund?: 1. He thinks that learning English is important for his career. 2. This morning, they're meeting their friends at the airport. If you said the first sentence, you're correct! The second sentence is in the present continuous tense.

Ang Sosyalismo ay tumutukoy sa malawak na sistema ng teoryang ekonomiko ng panlipunan organisasyon na nagtataguyod sa estado o sa sama-samang pagmamay-ari o pamamahala sapaggawa at pamamahagi ng mga kagamitan, at ang lipunan ay kilala sa pagkakaroon ng pantay pantay na pagkakataon sa lahat ng indibidwal na may patas o igualitaryang pamamaraan ng pasahod

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