1) CRACKING

Fractures occur as a result of the failure of the pavement surface broken, it can occur in various forms, from a small crack so interconnected and cover the entire pavement. Among the factors that resulted in a fracture is the stress of the axle loads, temperature changes in the lining of the street, and excessive moisture. There are several types of fractures of longitudinal cracks, edge cracks, crack blog, alligator cracking, reflection cracking, and cracking crescent.

ALLIGATOR CRACKING

FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT In this case at Kuala Lumpur KM84, this road is a flexible pavement. Flexible pavement is the type of road surface was built from the bitumen. Crack in this picture is known as alligator cracking Alligator cracking is cracking interconnected with each other to form a multi-lateral network where it resemble crocodile skin. Block size of the crack surface is between 100mm - 300mm. Road surface that has this type of cracking is caused by excessive displacement of the surface where the sub base and subgrade is unstable, especially in the wheel tracks of the vehicle. The shift is a result of excessive repetition of very heavy loads, fatigue and road layer is too thin.

CAUSE CRACKING I. II. III. Pressure axle load. The change in temperature asphalt layers. Lack of good drainage system that allows the flow of water into the structure of the road. IV. For a repeated passage of heavy vehicles cause a thin layer of coating is not very good quality during construction.

WAY PRESERVATION Plywood can be used for maintenance Burda, Burt, or lactation. If the crevice 3mm, preferably the pavement that has suffered cracked alligator skin layer due to water seepage into the foundation and the soil foundation improved by means dismantled and removed the parts are wet, then coated again with material appropriate for. Improvements must be accompanied by drainage improvements in the vicinity. Damage caused by traffic load should be enhanced by providing additional layers

SLIPPAGE CRACKING

Flexible pavement In this case at Kuala Lumpur KM86, this road is a flexible pavement. Flexible pavement is the type of road surface was built from the bitumen. Crack in this picture is known as slippage cracks The damage is often referred to as the parabolic cracks, shear cracks, or crescent shaped cracks. Curve resembles the shape of a crack or shaped like a crescent moon wagon trail accompanied by several cracks. Sometimes occurs with formation spade (shoving). CAUSE CRACKING I. The bond between the asphalt layer with a layer underneath bad lack of asphalt / dusty surface. II. III. IV. V. VI. Use of too much fine aggregate. Surface layer less dense / less dense. Localized or extensive damage to the road pavement and will interfere with drive. Improvements can be made to dismantle the damaged section and replace it with a better coating.

WAY PRESERVATION Improvements can be made to dismantle the damaged section and replace it with a better layer.

SHRINKAGE CRACKING

FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT In this case at Kuala Lumpur KM89, this road is a flexible pavement. Flexible pavement is the type of road surface was built from the bitumen. Cracked block occurred in both directions of the transverse and longitudinal direction. Crack serial blocks forming a square block measuring approximately 300 to 3000mm Crack in this picture is known as shrinkage cracks. Cracks developed is interconnected to form a large box with sharp corners or can be said of an Interconnected cracks forming a cracks blocks. This crack spread generally across the board on pavement.

CAUSE CRACKING I. Change the volume that contains too much pavement asphalt low penetration. II. III. Change the volume on the foundation layer and land policy. These cracks will cause body water absorption on the way up will cause localized or extensive damage to the road pavement and interfere with riding. IV. The loss of contact at the edge of the crack until arises hole (potholes).

WAY PRESERVATION Repairs can be done by filling the gap with a mixture of liquid asphalt and sand, and coated with burtu.

REFLECTION CRACKING

FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT In this case at Kuala Lumpur KM92, this road is a flexible pavement. Flexible pavement is the type of road surface was built from the bitumen. Crack in this picture is known as reflection cracks. This crash occurred on an extra layer (overlay), to form lengthwise (longitudinal cracks), diagonal (diagonal cracks), horizontal (transverse cracks), or box (blocks cracks) describe patterns of pavement cracks below it. Cracks can occur when cracks in the old pavement is repaired working correctly before resurfacing (overlay) done.

CAUSE CRACKING I. Vertical movement / horizontal under additional layer (layer overlay) as a result of changes in soil water content in expansive policy. II. The difference in (settlement) from the stack / cutting, roads the pavement structure. III. Extensive damage or localized on pavement and will interfere with riding.

WAY PRESERVATION For longitudinal cracks, transverse and diagonal refinement can be done by filling the cracks with a mixture of liquid asphalt and sand. For box-shaped cracks, repairs made to unravel and superimposed back with the right material.

SHRINKAGE CRACKING

FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT In this case at Kuala Lumpur KM94, this road is a flexible pavement. Flexible pavement is the type of road surface was built from the bitumen. Cracked block occurred in both directions of the transverse and longitudinal direction. Crack serial blocks forming a square block measuring approximately 300 to 3000mm Crack in this picture is known as shrinkage cracks. Cracks developed is interconnected to form a large box with sharp corners or can be said of an Interconnected cracks forming a cracks blocks. This crack spread generally across the board on pavement.

CAUSE CRACKING I. Change the volume that contains too much pavement asphalt low penetration. II. III. Change the volume on the foundation layer and land policy. These cracks will cause body water absorption on the way up will cause localized or extensive damage to the road pavement and interfere with riding. IV. The loss of contact at the edge of the crack until arises hole (potholes).

WAY PRESERVATION Repairs can be done by filling the gap with a mixture of liquid asphalt and sand, and coated with burtu.

EDGE CRACKING

FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT In this case at Kuala Lumpur KM96, this road is a flexible pavement. Flexible pavement is the type of road surface was built from the bitumen. Crack in this picture is known as edge cracks. Cracks are also referred to as the crack line (lane cracks) which occurs at the edge of pavement / near shoulder and shaped crack lengthwise (longitudinal cracks) with or without branch that leads to the shoulder. Cracks can consist of several mutually aligned slit.

CAUSE CRACKING I. II. III. IV. V. The material below the crack edge is poor or volume changes as a result of expansive clay in land policy. Poor drainage. Root crops that grow at the edge of pavement can also be the reason why the crack edges. The damage was extensive or localized on pavement until interfere with drive. Crack will grow to be big to be followed by the release of details on the edges of the crack.

WAY PRESERVATION How to repair by filling in the gaps with a mixture of liquid asphalt & sand. Drainage improvements should be made, shoulders raised, and compacted, if the edge of the pavement decline, the elevation can be improved by leveraging hot mix.