Seminar Report On VORTEC Micro Hydro Power Plant 2013-2014

Seminar Report on VORTEC Micro Hydro Power Plant
2013-2014
INTRODUCTION THE VORTEC MICRO HYDRO POWER PLANT
The VORTEC hydro power plant is a new way of harvesting the enormous powers in rivers. The VORTEC technology is based on a different principle than conventional hydro power systems. It uses the rotational motion of the water, which occurs naturally in a vortex, to generate power. As
Prepared by Sree Lakshmi Computers
2013-2014
compared to conventional hydro power systems, which utilize pressurized water usually created by high drops. For a new concept of micro hydropower plant with gravitational vortex and turbine with rapidity steps has been modeled the water flow through the conical channel in the absence and the presence of steps. In the first case, the power lines appear as conical propellers. Axial and radial velocity of the water is not zero only in the boundary layer. In the second case the structure of the water flow is changes with the formation of swirls every area of the blades. The water velocity increases rapidly as proximity to the drain hole and strongly depends on water flow
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GRAVITATION WATER VORTEX POWER PLANT
The gravitational water vortex power plant is a type of micro hydro power plant which is capable of producing energy using a low hydraulic head of 0.7 - 3mtr (2ft 4in - 9ft 10in). The technology is based on a round basin with a central drain. Above the drain the water forms a stable line vortex which drives a water turbine.
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It was invented by an Austrian Engineer Franz Zotloterer while attempting to find a way to aerate water without an external power source. In Zotloterers system, the waters vortex energy is collected by a slow - moving, large - surface water wheel, making the power station transparent to fish. There are no large pressure difference built up, as happens in normal turbines. The cost of construction for such plant is half that of a conventional hydro electric installation of similar yield; and the environmental impact is positive instead of negative. A gravitational water vortex plant functions differently from traditional hydro electric facilities. It has a rotation tank equipped with a central outlet above which a stable, symmetrical vortex forms. It then drives the turbine to the gravitational force between the turbine and the outlet. With 20 rotations per minute, the turbine powers the generator, which transfers the resulting electricity to the power grid. The turbine therefore generates neither high levels of pressure nor backflow water. Gravitation water vortex plants meet clean tech specifications due to the fact that 97% of electricity production is CO2 - free.
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DESIGN
The water passes through a straight inlet and the passes tangentially into a round basin. The water forms a big vortex over the center bottom drain of the basin. A turbine is withdrawing rotational energy from the vortex, which is converted into electric energy by a generator. The turbines theoretical energy conversion efficiency is 80%; a test installation reported 73% efficiency, and after a year of use its operation cost was approximately one US dollar per Watt of output.
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The inventor refers to the turbines aeration of the water, which helps improve water conditions, while the reduced speeds of the turbine and the lack of cavitations ensure that most types of fish can pass through the turbine without danger, something which is much more difficult to achieve at normal hydro plants that require additional structures for the fish migration.
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HOW IT WORKS
The aspect of the power plant reminds a bit of an upside - down snail. The water passes through a large, straight inlet, and the passes tangentially in to a round basin, forming a powerful vortex (whirlpool), which finds its outlet at the center bottom of the shallow basin. The turbine does not work on pressure differential but on the dynamic force of the vortex. Not only does this power plant produce a useful output of electricity, it also aerates the water in a gentle way. The aim of invention is to create a hydro electric power plant that is better and less expensive than previous embodiments. Said aim is achieved by a hydro electric power plant which supports the formation of a suitable gravitational vortex which tends to be formed also in the upper reaches
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directly in front of the turbine inlet of conventional river stations as a lost vortex and is therefore prevented as much as possible there. The inventive hydro electric plant, however, ensures that the necessary current - related conditions are fulfilled for reinforcing the rotational movement of the water, which is created when the water flows off, in an unimpeded manner into a stable gravitational vortex without using pressure lines and directing devices. A turbine that rotates in a coaxial manner within the gravitational vortex and impinged upon along the entire circumferences thereof withdraws rotational energy from the gravitational vortex, which is converted into electric power in a generator. In addition, the inventive hydro electric power plant allows the body of water that is used for generating power to be aerated so as to enhance the self cleaning properties thereof and the water temperature to be reduced during the summer while decreasing the tendency thereof to be covered with water quality by achieving the water.
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The electrical output derives from the amount of water (cubic meter/sec)and the height of the drop inside the vortex (head). Head in meter 1 1 1 1 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2 2 2 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3 3 3 3 3 Amount in cubic meter/sec 1 2 5 10 1 2 10 15 2 5 10 15 20 5 10 20 30 5 10 20 30 40 Electrical output in KW 5 10 25 50 7.5 15 75 112.5 10 50 100 150 200 62.5 125 250 375 75 150 300 450 600
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THE CONCEPT AND THEORETICAL STUDY OF MICRO HYDRO POWER PLANT WITH GRAVITATIONAL VORTEX
The micro hydropower plant proposed developed a new technology for converting hydraulic energy into mechanical work of small rivers due to local restructuring of water flow in spiral flow through a conical channel as a gravitational vortex. In the vortex thus formed, at the different heights of the conical channel are positioned steps of rotor blades with different diameters. The step rapidity increases with the height of the conical channel in the axial flow direction
It is known that in the case of a high power HPP, increasing output by 1% hydro turbine increase the power of several MW. Under the new concept solves the problem of increasing the efficiency of hydraulic flow energy conversion into electricity by using a hydraulic turbine with rapidity steps. Thus, the small hydropower plant from Figure 1, consists of a foundation ashore in the form of a cylindrical concrete spiral cases with tangential inlet connection, which is deflected a part of the river. The spiral chamber is equipped with a fixed Fink blade unit director with adjustable tilt. Under the spiral chamber is placed a conical channel for the formation of the water flow
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as a gravitational vortex. In the bottom of the conical channel is made a central drainage hole, positioned over a channel of escape. Between the central drainage hole of the chamber and the running channel is connected to a draft tube in the elbow. In the center of the spiral chamber and the conical channel is positioned the hydraulic turbine with vertical shaft, kinematics connected by a mechanism of angular velocity reduction and multiplication gear with electric generator. The hydraulic rotor is performed in stages with characteristic diameters of mobile blades which decreases along the entrance to the chamber drain hole directly proportional to decreasing cross-sectional diameter of the chamber in which are located. Each step of the rotor is mounted on its axis of rotation. The axis are assembled telescopic and are coupled to respective driving gears of the mechanism of reduction and multiplication. The types of blades used in each step are chosen based on its rapidity. For water flow in the gravitational vortex the most indicated are the helical turbine stages with the hydrofoil profile. Can be used Francis turbine steps with the form according to rapidity. Due to large variation of the peripheral velocity along the blade, is necessary to twist the blade. The mechanism of rpm reduction and multiplication gear consist of a number of pairs of gears engaged with each other, equal to the number of steps of the turbine, which, depending on turbine gear rpm, some pairs are used to reduce
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angular velocity and others to multiply up to the nominal velocity of the electric generator. So that if one angular velocity of step turbine exceeds the rated velocity of the electric generator, its axis of rotation of the driving wheel is coupled to the pair that reduce this velocity to nominal angular velocity value of the electric generator. If one angular velocity of step turbine is below the rated velocity of the electric generator, its axis of rotation of the driving wheel is coupled to the pair that multiply the velocity to nominal value of electric generator angular velocity.
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Fig. shows. Section through the small hydropower plant using gravitational vortex
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THE CONCEPT AND THEORETICAL STUDY OF MICRO HYDROPOWER PLANT WITH GRAVITATIONAL VORTEX AND TURBINE WITH RAPIDITY STEPS
For simulation of this flow we will rely on models of Binnie, Haris [12] and Taylor [13], using the cylindrical coordinate system r, _, z. The plane z=0 will pass through the fluid outlet section at the top of conical channel. We consider that remote from the channel wall (outside the hydrodynamic boundary layer G) the fluid rotates as a solid body with angular velocity _. Due to axial symmetry, all derivatives on _ in the Navier- Stokes equation is canceled. To solution obtained in this case will be the exact solution of the Navier-Stokes equations, given that the terms on these equations, which would be lost when crossing the boundary layer equation following simplifying assumptions it would go away.
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In fig: - Representation of vortex flow of incompressible fluid through a conical chamber: G-hydrodynamic boundary layer flow conical chamber wall secondary oriented to the top of the cone; - swirl intensity; Q - water flow through the top of the cone;
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z, r,
- cylindrical coordinate system;
u, v, w - components of radial, circular and axial velocity At large distance from the conical channel wall the flow occurs without friction. For this reason for the radial pressure gradient we can write: (1/p).( p/ r)=rw2 (1)
Solving the problem in the boundary layer approximation, we admit that the pressure gradient in accordance with the equation (1) exists in the liquid layer near the wall, where it shows the phenomenon of friction. Following low simulation software Mathcad 7 was found that water flow space is separated into two areas. The first area includes within hydrodynamic boundary layer adhering to the conical wall. The second area is the fluid flow outside the boundary layer. The zones are bounded by the outer boundary layer _ limit.
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THE WATER FLOW IN CONICAL CHANNEL IN THE PRESENCE OF THE TURBINE ROTOR
In the presence of the turbine rotor in steps, the flow structure changes qualitatively. Rotor blades require boundary conditions of water velocities equal to the velocities of their surfaces, speed is not known a priori, but the settlement is determined depending on when torque resistance that opposes the rotation shaft and velocity diagrams into and out of blades, due to absolute velocity of the water entry into blades, blade profile, entry and exit angles of the blades and blade fluid (Figure)
Explanatory drawing for the Euler turbine equation

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Structure of water flow through the conical channel in the presence of the rotor blades stages
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ADVANTAGES
This leads to certain advantages of the VORTEC system especially in low head (low drop) situations. Not only are they driven by a simple and reliable technology, they are also easy to maintain, compact, and inexpensive. Water vortex plants are also good news for the environment. Their construction will restore the body of water (eg. River) on which they are built, benefiting nature and the local community alike. The innovative technology behind these facilities means that they pose no threat to fish population, as they are able to bypass the rotor downstream and upstream. A further advantage is the improved cleaning efficiency of natural micro - organisms thanks to the higher oxygen levels resulting from the regular aeration of the water. The VORTEC can be used with a minimum head of 0.5m, conventional hydro power has to have at least 2-5m head The VORTEC doesnt need a dam, only so called directing walls, which means construction is much less demanding.
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The VORTEC is designed to run on the minimum amount of available flowing water. That means there is never stagnant water created. The water comes out as it goes in. The VORTEC systems can be cascaded when there is only a little amount of water available to create maximum electrical output. The VORTEC can produce from 2KW to 500KW constant usable electrical power, depending on the flow of water available. Water vortex plants have little impact on the local environment as most of the construction work is below ground.
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PROPERTIES OF THE GRAVITATIONAL WATER VORTEX The gravitation water vortex Increases the water surface area Maximizes the velocity of flow on the water surface area Disseminates homogeneously contaminants in the water Increase the contact surface of the disseminate contaminants for micro organisms and water plants Aerates the water naturally, because of the high velocity of flow on the water surface area and the increased water surface area, to support the self - purification of water with micro organisms and water plants Increase the heat of evaporation and so water can reduce the temperature itself at rising temperatures in the summer. Builds up a peripheral zone of ice in the winter to isolate the center of the vortex. Concentrates dense water in the ring - shaped centre to ensure the survival of micro organisms as long as possible. Decelerates the flow of water, so it can be used as an active retention pond.
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Concentrate rotation energy in the ring - shaped centre and so it can be used for a water power plant.
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CONCLUSION As conclusion one can say that if river is available the VORTEC micro hydro power plant is probably one of the cheapest and most environmentally friendly solutions compared to other alternative energy sources. It was developed a new hydro power plants with gravitational vortex and turbine with rapidity steps for hydraulic energy recovery of rivers with falls and with small flows. For water flow in the gravitational vortex the most indicated are helical turbine steps with hydrofoil profile. Can be used Francis turbine steps with the form according to rapidity. Due to large variation along the peripheral velocity of the blade is necessary twisting the blade.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Zotlterer, F., Hydroelectric plant, Patent No. RCT WO 2004/061295,A2. 2. Brochure Small Hydropower for Developing Countries European Small Hydropower Association, 3. Cooke, J. C., On Pohlhausen's method with application to a swirl problem of Taylor, JAS, Vol.19, 1952, pp.486-490.

Seminar Report On VORTEC Micro Hydro Power Plant 2013-2014

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Seminar Report on VORTEC Micro Hydro Power Plant

INTRODUCTION THE VORTEC MICRO HYDRO POWER PLANT

Prepared by Sree Lakshmi Computers