Pipes

The purpose with a pipe is the transport of a fluid like water, oil or similar, and the most import property is the capacity or the inside diameter.

For a ASME/ANSI B 36.10 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe the inside diameter - ID - of a NPS 2 inchespipe with

schedule 40 is 2.067" schedule 80 is 1.939"

The inside diameters are close to 2" and the nominal diameter related to the inside diameter. Outside diameter are 2.375" for both schedules. Since the outside diameter of a single nominal pipe size is kept constant the inside diameter of a pipe will depend on the "schedule" or the thickness of the pipe. The schedule and the actual thickness of a pipe varies with the size of the pipe. It is common to identify pipes in inches by using NPS or "Nominal Pipe Size". The metric equivalent is called DN or "diametre nominel". The metric designations conform to International Standards Organization (ISO) usage and apply to all plumbing, natural gas, heating oil, and miscellaneous piping used in buildings. The use of NPS does not conform to American Standard pipe designations where the term NPS means "National Pipe Thread Straight". Nominal Bore (NB) may be specified under British standards classifications along with schedule (wall thickness). The tolerances are looser to pipes compared with tubes and they are often less expensive to produce.

Tubes
The nominal dimensions of tubes are based on the outside diameter. If we look at Copper Tubes - ASTM B88 the outside diameter of a 2" pipe is 2.125", relatively close to 2".

The inside diameter of a tube will depend on the thickness of the tube. The thickness is often specified as a gauge. If we look at Copper Tubes - ASTM B88 the wall thickness of 0.083"of a 2" pipe is gauge 14. The tolerances are higher with tubes compared to pipes and tubes are often more expensive to produce than pi

The primary difference between pipe and tubing is how the size is designated. Pipe is designated by a "Nominal Pipe Size" based upon the ID (inside diameter) of the most common wall thickness. Tubing is designated by the measured OD (outside diameter). For Example: A 3/4 inch iron pipe has an OD of 1.050 inches, while a 3/4 inch steel tube has an OD of 0.75 inches. The Copper industry calls all cooper tubular products "Tubes" but they designate a "Type". Each type has specified OD and ID dimensions Different answer: The size of a tube is determined by it's OD and the thickness. The actual OD of a tube is just the same as it's nominal OD. A certain size of a tube will keep the same OD no mater what the thickness is. It is true for pipe except that the actual OD is larger than it's nominal OD. For example, for a 1" schedule 5s pipe, the actual OD is 1.315", the thickness is 0.065" and the ID is 1.185". When it's thickness is schedule xxs (0.358"), then it's ID is reduced to 0.599" while keeping it's OD. Furthermore, the actual OD of a pipe is just the same as it's nominal OD when the size is the same as or larger than 14" per ASME/ANSI B36.10/19 . Consequently, both the size of tube and pipe is measured by it's OD and the

Thickness transfer heat from its walls and we want this to be happen while in pipes we try . original to stop the heat transfer such as we use tubes in boilers because we make steam difference: actually tube is used when we need to

Pipe Vs Tube
Share

What is the difference between Pipe and Tube?

In short: Tube is measured by outside diameter, pipe is measured by inside diameter . There is often confusion as to which size die the customer actually needs - Pipe Size or Tubing Size. Keep in mind that pipe size refers to a nominal - not actual - inside pipe diameter. Schedule refers to the pipe's wall thickness. The actual physical OD is larger than it's nominal OD. The dimensions provided for tubing on the other hand refer to the actual outside diameter. In other words, the actual physical OD of a tube is just the same as it's nominal OD. The size of a tube will keep the same OD no mater what the wall thickness is. For example: The actual outside diameter of 1 pipe is 1.625 - while 1 tube has a true 1.25 outside diameter. Consequently, both the size of tube and pipe is measured by it's OD and the thickness.
Why the difference between Pipe and Tube?

Pipes are used to transport something, and tubes to construct something; hence, tubes are defined by the outside diameter and wall thickness (for construction stability), and pipes are measured by inside diameter to allow a calculation for transportation viz., speed, volumes etc. (OD = ID + 2 WT)
Key

ID Inside Diameter OD Outside Diameter WT Wall Thinkness

To an outsider, pipes and tubes may seem like they should be synonymous. To a marine engineer, the measurements, standards and language used to distinguish the two couldnt be more different. In fact, differences in nomenclature and measurements could cause quite the headache if tubes and pipes were mistakenly assumed to be interchangeable.

The 7 Main Differences Between Pipes and Tubes Tubes can come in different shapes like square, rectangular and cylindrical. Pipe is always cylindrical or round. While rigid tubes are frequently used in structural applications, copper and brass tubes can be rather flexible. Pipes are typically always rigid and resistant to bending. When it comes to classification, pipes use schedule and nominal diameter. For example, a pipe could have a 250mm nominal diameter and a schedule of 80. Tubes are classified by their outside diameter measurement and thickness. A copper tube, for instance, could be 10 mm with a 2 mm thickness. Pipes accommodate larger applications with sizes that range from a half -inch to several feet. Tubes are generally used in applications that require smaller diameters. While 10-inch pipes are common, its rare that you will come across a 10-inch tube. Tubes are often put to use in applications that require precise outside diameters, like with cooler tubes, heat exchanger tubes and boiler tubes. Pipes have a pressure rating and are schedule, which is why they are often used to carry fluids that must be contained. The thickness of tubes increases in standard increments such as 1 mm or 2 mm. Pipe thickness depends on the schedule, so there is no fixed increment. Joining pipes is more labor intensive as it requires welding, threading or flanges. Tubes can be joined quickly and easily with flaring, brazing or couplings, but for this reason, they dont offer the same stability.

Pipe and Tube What is the difference between pipe and tube? At first glance, the naive might say "none". After all, they're both just hollow cylinders. That's wrong, of course. There is a difference (in the metalworking arena) and I hope to clear up a bit of the confusion here. For any hollow cylinder, there are three important dimensions - the outside diameter (od), the inside diameter (id) and the wall thickness (wt). Since these three are related by a simple equation:

od = id + 2 * wt one can completely specify a piece of pipe/tube by supplying any two of these numbers. Tubing is more frequently used in structures so the od is the important number. Strength depends on the wall thickness. So tubing is specified by the od and the wt. Very logical and simple to measure. The id is simply whatever falls out of the equation above. Pipe is normally used to convey gases or fluids so the internal cross-sectional area (defined by the id) is important. It's therefore not surprising that pipe is specified by the id. Although anyone who's ever done any plumbing knows that the id on the pipe label is only a *nominal* id. As an example, a (nominal) 1/8 wrought steel pipe will typically have a *measured* id of 0.269 (schedule 40) or 0.215 (schedule 80). (More below about those schedule numbers.) While the designation for tubing is straightforward, that for piping is obscure for some perverse reason unclear to me. All pipe of a given nominal size has the *same od*. An abbreviated list: nominal sizeOD 1/80.405 1/40.540 3/80.675 1/20.840 Now, the folks (ASME?) who codify this stuff, in an effort to make things difficult for us, instead of specifying the wall thickness directly, decided to use (seemingly arbitrary) schedule numbers to specify the wall thickness.

For instance, a (nominal) 1/8 schedule 40 pipe will have a wall thickness of 0.068 (id=0.269) while a 1/8 schedule 80 pipe will have a wall thickness of 0.095 (id=0.215). And, no, these schedule numbers do not reflect a constant wall thickness. For instance, a (nominal) 1/4 schedule 40 pipe has a wt = 0.088 while the same pipe in schedule 80 has wt = 0.119. Schedule numbers range from as small as 5 up through 40, 80 (common) to as high as 100, 120 and 160. There may be others. This is not my area of expertise. Larger schedule numbers correlate one-for-one with thicker walls, which seems to be the only predictable thing about schedule numbers. To the best of my knowledge, there is no mathematical relationship that can be used to translate schedule number into equivalent wall thickness. You're forced to consult a table. Machinery's Handbook has such a table for wrought steel pipe (pg. 2378 in the 23rd edition). Do these tables also apply to pipe made of other materials (e.g., plastic)? I don't know, but I doubt it. That would be too simple. Since I don't want to make a career out of plumbing minutiae, I'll let you research it for your application. I can only guess that the schedule number relates to some burst pressure and thus the relationship to wall thickness is non-linear. But that's only a guess - anyone who knows the real story please correct me. Why do you care? Well, beyond the satisfaction of simply knowing some obscure metalworking stuff, this should help you in selecting and specifying hollow cylindrical elements for that project you have planned. It should help you to understand why you won't have much success trying to bend tubing with a pipe bender. On the latter, the bending dies are sized to the (constant) pipe ods mentioned above. It's unlikely they'll fit any tubing you buy since tubing od

generally comes in straightforward sizes like 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, etc. If you want to bend tube in a pipe bender, count on making some purpose-built dies - a tricky lathe job. Or buy a tubing bender.

Nominal Pipe Size

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) is a North American set of standard sizes for pipes used for high or low pressures and temperatures.[1] Pipe size is specified with two non-dimensional numbers: a nominal pipe size (NPS) for diameter based on inches, and a schedule (Sched. or Sch.) for wall thickness. NPS is often incorrectly called National Pipe Size, due to confusion with national pipe thread (NPT). The European designation equivalent to NPS is DN (diamtre nominal/nominal diameter/Durchmesser nach Norm), in which sizes are measured in millimetres.[2] The term NB (nominal bore) is also frequently used interchangeably with NPS.