[edit] MNEMONICS

[edit] GASTROENTEROLOGY
Ulcerative colitis: Definition of a severe attack. A STATE: Anemia less than 10g/dl. Stool frequency greater than 6 stools/day with blood. em!erature greater than "#.$. Albumin less than "0g/%. achycardia greater than &0b!m. 'S( greater than "0mm/hr. Vomiti !: ')tra *+ differential diagnosis, V"O"M"I"T"I"N"G: Vestibular disturbance/ -agal .refle) !ain/. O!iates 0igrane. Metabolic .D1A2 gastro!aresis2 hy!ercalcemia/. Infections. To)icity .cytoto)ic2 digitalis to)icity/. Increased +34. +ngested alcohol Neurogenic. !sychogenic Gestation 5y, Anil 4andit .0ani!al 3ollege of 0edical Sciences6 4okhara2 7e!al/ #a creatitis $ac%te&: causes G"E"T"" S"M"A"S"'"E"(, Gallstones. Ethanol. Trauma. Steroids Mum!s Autoimmune .4A7/ Scor!ion stings 'y!erli!idemia./'y!ercalcemia E(34 (rugs .including a8athio!rine and diuretics/. 9 7ote, :*et Smashed: is slang in some countries for drinking2 and ethanol is an im!ortant !ancreatitis cause. 5y, 3hris 4erry .'dinburgh 0edical School/ I)(:

surgical indications I ""C"'"O"# Infection Carcinoma 'aemorrhage Obstruction #erforation 9 ;3ho!; convenient since surgery cho!s them o!en. <ereditary 7on!oly!osis 3olorectal 3ancer .<7433/ cause is D7A mismatch re!air D7A mismatch causes a bubble in the strand where the two nucleotides don:t match. his looks like the ensuing !oly!s that arise in the colon. I)(:

e)traintestinal manifestations A 4+' SA3, A!hthous ulcers 4yoderma gangrenosum +ritis 'rythema nodosum Sclerosing cholangitis Arthritis 3lubbing of fingerti!s (i!estive disorders: !< level=>ith vomiting both the !< and food come u!. >ith diarrhea both the !< and food go down. '" #*lori treatme t re!ime $ro%!+ !%ideli es&: ;4lease 0ake ummy 5etter;, 4roton !um! inhibitor 0etronida8ole etracycline 5ismuth Alternatively, TOM), etracycline ?me!ra8ole 0etronida8ole 5ismuth )ilir%,i , common causes for increased levels 'OT Liver, <emolysis ?bstruction umor %iver disease Ulcerative colitis: com!lications #AST Colitis, 4yoderma gangrenosum Ankylosing s!ondylitis Sclerosing !ericholangitis o)ic megacolon 3olon carcinoma 3holangitis features C'OLANGITITS, 3harcot:s triad/ 3on@ugated bilirubin increase <e!atic abscesses/ <e!atic .intra/e)tra/ bile ducts/ <%A 5A2 D(" ?bstruction %eukocytosis Alkaline !hos!hatase increase 7eo!lasms *allstones +nflammatory bowel disease .ulcerative colitis/

ransaminase increase +nfection Sclerosing C+arcot-s triad .gallstones/ B'', .ever2 E!igastric C (DE !ain2 Emesis C nausea 'aemac+romatosis com/licatio s ;'aemo3hromatosis Can Cause (e!osits Anywhere;, <y!ogonadism2 3ancer .he!atocellular/2 3irrhosis/3ardiomyo!athy2 Diabetes mellitus2 Arthro!athy. #a creatitis: criteria 4A73('AS, 4a?F below A2 Age G$$2 7eutro!hils, >33 G1$2 3alcium below F2 (enal, Drea G16 2 'n8ymes, %D< G6006 AS GF00 Albumin below "F2 Sugar, *lucose G10 .unless diabetic !atient/ #a creatitis, (anson criteria for !ancreatitis, At admission ;*A %A>; .*A is abbreviation for the D.S. state of *eorgia/, *lucose GF002 AS GF$02 %D< G"$02 Age G$$ y.o.2 >53 G16000 #a creatitis, (anson criteria for !ancreatitis, initial HA hours ;3 C <?55S; .3alvin and <obbes/, 3alcium I A <ct dro! G 10J ?)ygen I 60 mm 5D7 G $ 5ase deficit G H Sequestration of fluid G 6% #a creatitis, (anson criteria for !ancreatitis at admission %'*A%, %eukocytes G 16.0002 'n8yme AS G F$02 *lucose G F002 Age G $$2 %D< G "$0

[edit] Correctio

eeded

*+ sym!toms 5AD A7A% SKL , 5leeding Abdominal !ain Dys!hagia Abdominal bloating 7ausea C vomiting Anore)ia/ A!!etite changes %ethargy SKLts .diarrhea/ <eartburn +ncreased bilirubin .@aundice/ em!erature .fever/ === he 3ashman Dniversity of Eueensland2 Australia// 3rohn:s disease, mor!hology2 sym!toms 3<(+S 0AS, 3obblestones <igh tem!erature (educed lumen +ntestinal fistulae Ski! lesions ransmural .all layers2 may ulcerate/ 0alabsor!tion Abdominal !ain Submucosal fibrosis ===Samuel Atom 5aek=1im// Dys!hagia, differential D+S4<A*+A, Disease of mouth and tonsils/ Diffuse oeso!hageal s!asm/ Diabetes mellitus +ntrinsic lesion Scleroderma 4haryngeal disorders/ 4alsy= bulbar=07D Achalasia <eart, eft atrium enlargement *oitre/ myesthenia *ravis/ mediastinal *lands +nfections American try!anosomiasis .chagas disease/ Dry mouth, differential ;D(+;, 9F of each, Drugs/ Dehydration (enal failure/ (adiothera!y +mmunological .S@ogren:s// +ntense emotions ===Anil 4andit 0ani!al

3ollege of 0edical Sciences2 4okhara2 7e!al// %iver failure, decom!ensating chronic liver failure differential <'4A +3DS, <aemorrhage 'lectrolyte disturbance 4rotein load/ 4aracetamol Alcohol binge rauma +nfection 3onsti!ation Draemia Sedatives/ Shunt/ Surgery ===Mude 0cSharry Dniversity 3ollege <os!ital *alway// 3irrhosis, causes of he!atic cirrhosis <'4A +3, <emochromatosis .!rimary/ 'n8yme deficiency .al!ha=1=anti=try!sin/ 4ost he!atic .infection N drug induced/ Alcoholic yrosinosis +ndian childhood .galactosemia/ 3ardiac/ 3holestatic .biliary// 3ancer/ 3o!!er .>ilson:s/ ===Dr. 3hetan >asekar// <e!atic ence!halo!athy, !reci!itating factors <'4A +3S, <emorrhage in *+ / <y!erkalemia ')cess !rotein in diet 4aracentesis Acidosis/ Anemia rauma +nfection 3olon surgery Sedatives ===Dr. 3hetan >asekar// Diabetic ketoacidosis, !reci!itating factors 9 $ +:s, +nfection +schaemia .cardiac2 mesenteric/ +nfarction +gnorance .!oor control/ +nto)ication .alcohol/ ===Mames homas// >hi!!le:s disease, clinical manifestations S<'%DA, Serositis <y!er!igmentation of skin 'ating less .weight loss/ %ym!hadeno!athy Diarrhea Arthritis ===4edro ulio Dniversidade Bederal do (io de Maneiro2 5ra8il// 3eliac s!rue gluten sensitive entero!athy, gluten=containing grains 5(?>, 5arley (ye ?ats >heat 9 Blattened intestinal villi of celiac s!rue are smooth2 like an eyebrow. ===Mack A. 4asquale2 0D St. *eorge:s Dniversity2 School of 0edicine// %iver failure .chronic/, signs found on the arms 3%A4S, 3lubbing %eukonychia Asteri)is 4almar erythema Scratch marks// S!lenomegaly, causes 3<+04, 3ysts <aematological . eg 30%2 myelofibrosis/ +nfective .eg viral .+0/2 bacterial/ 0etabolic/ 0isc .eg amyloid2 *auchers/ 4ortal hy!ertension =*+= -omiting, e)tra *+ differential -?0+ +7*, -estibular disturbance/ -agal .refle) !ain/ ?!iates 0igrane/ 0etabolic .D1A2 gastro!aresis2 hy!ercalcemia/ +nfections o)icity .cytoto)ic2 digitalis to)icity/ +ncreased +342 +ngested alcohol 7eurogenic2 !sychogenic *estation 4ancreatitis, (anson criteria for !ancreatitis at admission %'*A%, %eukocytes G 16.000 'n8yme AS G F$0 *lucose G F00 Age G $$ %D< G "$0 >hi!!le:s disease, clinical manifestations S<'%DA, Serositis <y!er!igmentation of skin 'ating less .weight loss/ %ym!hadeno!athy Diarrhea Arthritis <aemachromatosis com!lications ;<aemo3hromatosis 3an 3ause De!osits Anywhere;, <y!ogonadism 3ancer .he!atocellular/ 3irrhosis 3ardiomyo!athy Diabetes mellitus Arthro!athy *+ sym!toms 5AD A7A% SKL , 5leeding Abdominal !ain Dys!hagia Abdominal bloating 7ausea C vomiting Anore)ia/ A!!etite changes %ethargy SKLts .diarrhea/ <eartburn +ncreased bilirubin .@aundice/ em!erature .fever/ 4ancreatitis, criteria 4A73('AS, 4a?F below A Age G$$ 7eutro!hils, >33 G1$ 3alcium below F (enal, Drea G16 'n8ymes, %D< G6006 AS GF00 Albumin below "F Sugar, *lucose G10 .unless diabetic !atient/

3holangitis features 3<?%A7*+ + S, 3harcot:s triad/ 3on@ugated bilirubin increase <e!atic abscesses/ <e!atic .intra/e)tra/ bile ducts/ <%A 5A2 D(" ?bstruction %eukocytosis Alkaline !hos!hatase increase 7eo!lasms *allstones +nflammatory bowel disease .ulcerative colitis/ ransaminase increase +nfection Sclerosing +5D, e)traintestinal manifestations A 4+' SA3, A!hthous ulcers 4yoderma gangrenosum +ritis 'rythema nodosum Sclerosing cholangitis Arthritis 3lubbing of fingerti!s Digestive disorders, !< level >ith vomiting both the !< and food come u!. >ith diarrhea both the !< and food go down. 5ilirubin, common causes for increased levels ;<? %iver;, <emolysis ?bstruction umor %iver disease +5D, surgery indications ;+ 3<?4;, +nfection 3arcinoma <aemorrhage ?bstruction 4erforation 9 ;3ho!; convenient since surgery cho!s them o!en. <. 4ylori treatment regimen .rough guidelines/ ;4lease 0ake ummy 5etter;, 4roton !um! inhibitor 0etronida8ole etracycline 5ismuth 9 Alternatively, ?05, etracycline ?me!ra8ole 0etronida8ole 5ismuth <ereditary 7on!oly!osis 3olorectal 3ancer .<7433/ cause is D7A mismatch re!air D7A mismatch causes a bubble in the strand where the two nucleotides don:t match. his looks like the ensuing !oly!s that arise in the colon. 9 See diagram. 4ancreatitis .acute/, causes *' S0AS<'D, *allstones 'thanol rauma Steroids 0um!s Autoimmune .4A7/ Scor!ion stings <y!erli!idemia/ <y!ercalcemia '(34 Drugs .including a8athio!rine and diuretics/ 9 7ote, :*et Smashed: is slang in some countries for drinking2 and ethanol is an im!ortant !ancreatitis cause. 3harcot:s triad .gallstones/ ;3harcot:s riad is " 3:s;, 3olor change .@aundice/ 3olic .biliary/ !ain2 aka (DE !ain 3hills and fever 3harcot:s triad .gallstones/ ;3harge a B'';, 3harcot:s triad is, Bever '!igastric C (DE !ain 'mesis C nausea Dlcerative colitis, com!lications ;4AS 3olitis;, 4yoderma gangrenosum Ankylosing s!ondylitis Sclerosing !ericholangitis o)ic megacolon 3olon carcinoma 3rohn:s disease, mor!hology2 sym!toms 3<(+S 0AS, 3obblestones <igh tem!erature (educed lumen +ntestinal fistulae Ski! lesions ransmural .all layers2 may ulcerate/ 0alabsor!tion Abdominal !ain Submucosal fibrosis Show Details / (ate +t I@avascri!t,showdetails.:detailsrate.cfmOmnemonicPidQ1F#0:/G ===Samuel Atom 5aek= 1im 3eliac s!rue gluten sensitive entero!athy, gluten=containing grains 5(?>, 5arley (ye ?ats >heat 9 Blattened intestinal villi of celiac s!rue are smooth2 like an eyebrow. Show Details / (ate +t I@avascri!t,showdetails.:detailsrate.cfmOmnemonicPidQFF&$:/G ===Mack A. 4asquale2 0D St. *eorge:s Dniversity2 School of 0edicine Diabetic ketoacidosis, !reci!itating factors 9 $ +:s, +nfection +schaemia .cardiac2 mesenteric/ +nfarction +gnorance .!oor control/ +nto)ication .alcohol/ Show Details / (ate +t I@avascri!t,showdetails.:detailsrate.cfmOmnemonicPidQF0F":/G ===Mames homas

%iver failure .chronic/, signs found on the arms 3%A4S, 3lubbing %eukonychia Asteri)is 4almar erythema Scratch marks Show Details / (ate +t I@avascri!t,showdetails.:detailsrate.cfmOmnemonicPidQF"0H:/G ===Mason 4ancreatitis, (anson criteria for !ancreatitis, at admission ;*A %A>; .*A is abbreviation for the D.S. state of *eorgia/, *lucose GF00 AS GF$0 %D< G"$0 Age G$$ y.o. >53 G16000 Show Details / (ate +t I@avascri!t,showdetails.:detailsrate.cfmO mnemonicPidQ&&&:/G ===Anonymous 3ontributor 4ancreatitis, (anson criteria for !ancreatitis, initial HA hours ;3 C <?55S; .3alvin and <obbes/, 3alcium I A <ct dro! G 10J ?)ygen I 60 mm 5D7 G $ 5ase deficit G H Sequestration of fluid G 6% Show Details / (ate +t I@avascri!t,showdetails.:detailsrate.cfmOmnemonicPidQ1000:/G ===Anonymous 3ontributor <e!atic ence!halo!athy, !reci!itating factors <'4A +3S, <emorrhage in *+ / <y!erkalemia ')cess !rotein in diet 4aracentesis Acidosis/ Anemia rauma +nfection 3olon surgery Sedatives Show Details / (ate +t I@avascri!t,showdetails.:detailsrate.cfmO mnemonicPidQ16H$:/G ===Dr. 3hetan >asekar 3irrhosis, causes of he!atic cirrhosis <'4A +3, <emochromatosis .!rimary/ 'n8yme deficiency .al!ha=1=anti=try!sin/ 4ost he!atic .infection N drug induced/ Alcoholic yrosinosis +ndian childhood .galactosemia/ 3ardiac/ 3holestatic .biliary// 3ancer/ 3o!!er .>ilson:s/

[edit] #ediatrics
0easles, com!lications ;0'AS%'S 3?04; .com!lications/, 0yocarditis 'nce!halitis A!!endicitis Subacute sclerosing !anence!halitis %aryngitis 'arly death ShLts .diarrhoea/ 3orneal ulcer ?tis media 0esenteric lym!hadenitis 4neumonia and related .bronchiolitis=bronchitis=crou!/ Sturge=>eber syndrome, hallmark features Sturge=>eber, 1. Sei8ures F. 4ort>ine stain *uthrie card, diseases identified with it ;*uthrie 3ards 3an <el! 4redict 5ad 0etabolism;, *alactosaemia 3ystic fibrosis 3ongenital adrenal hy!er!lasia <y!othyroidism 4henylketonuria 5iotidinase deficiency 0a!le syru! urine disease 3rou!, sym!toms " S:s, Stridor Subglottic swelling Seal=bark cough Ata)ia= elangiectasia .A /, common sign A , Absent hymus 3erebral !alsy .34/, most likely cause 34, 3erebral 4alsy 3hild 4remature 9 he !remature brain is more !rone to all the !ossible insults. -acterl syndrome, com!onents -A3 '(%, -ertebral anomalies Anorectal malformation 3ardiac anomaly racheo=eso!hageal fistula ')om!halos .aka om!halocele/ (enal

anomalies %imb anomalies *uthrie card, diseases identified with it *D <(+', *alactosaemia Drine Rma!le syru! urine diseaseS <y(oid Rhy!othyroidismS +nborn 'rrors of metabolism Reg, 41DS Duodenal atresia vs. 4yloric stenosis, site of obstruction Duodenal Atresia, Distal to Am!ulla of vater. 4yloric stenosis, 4ro)imal to it. 5ilirubin, !hotothera!y 5i%irDbin absorbs light ma)imally in the 5%De range. 11 >illiams syndrome, features >+%%+A0S, >eight .low at birth2 slow to gain/ +ris .stellate iris/ %ong !hiltrum %arge mouth +ncreased 3aNN Aortic stenosis .and other stenoses/ 0ental retardation Swelling around eyes .!eriorbital !uffiness/ (ussell Silver syndrome, features A53D'B, Asymmetric limb .hemihy!ertro!hy/ 5ossing .frontal/ 3linodactyly/ 3afe au lait s!ots Dwarf .short stature/ ')cretion .*D malformation/ Bace .triangular face2 micrognathia/ Dentition, eru!tion times of !ermanent dentition ;0ama +s +n 4ain2 4a!a 3an 0ake 0edicine;, 1st 0olar, 6 years 1st +ncisor, # years Fnd +ncisor, A years 1st 4remolar, & years Fnd 4remolar, 10 years 3anine, 11 years Fnd 0olar, 1F years "rd 0olar, 1A=F$ years 3yanotic heart diseases, $ ty!es 9 Dse your five fingers, 1 finger u!, runcus Arteriosus .1 vessel/ F fingers u!, De)tro!osition of the *reat Arteries .F vessels trans!osed/ " fingers u!, ricus!id Atresia ."Q ri/ H fingers u!, etralogy of Ballot .HQ etra/ $ fingers u!, otal Anomalous 4ulmonary -enous (eturn .$Q$ words/ 3yanotic congenital heart diseases $ :s, runcus arteriosus rans!osition of the great arteries ricus!id atresia etrology of Ballot otal anomalous !ulmonary venous return <ead circumference with age 9 (emember "2 &2 and multi!les of $, 7ewborn "$ cm " mos H0 cm & mos H$ cm " yrs $0 cm & yrs $$ cm >eights of children with age 7ewborn " kg 6 mos 6 kg .F) birth wt at 6 mos/ 1 yr 10 kg .") birth wt at 1 yr/ " yrs 1$ kg .odd yrs2 add $ kg until 11 yrs/ $ yrs F0 kg # yrs F$ kg & yrs "0 kg 11 yrs "$ kg .add 10 kg thereafter/ 1" yrs H$ kg 1$ yrs $$ kg 1# yrs 6$ kg <emolytic=Dremic Syndrome .<DS/, com!onents ;(emember to decrease the (A ' of +- fluids in these !atients;, (enal failure Anemia .microangio!athic2 hemolytic/ hrombocyto!enia 'nce!halo!athy . 4/

3ough .chronic/, differential >hen cough in nursery2 rock the ;3(AD%';, 3ystic fibrosis (ings2 slings2 and airway things .tracheal rings// (es!iratory infections As!iration .swallowing dysfunction2 ' fistula2 gastroes!hageal reflu)/ Dyskinetic cilia %ung2 airway2 and vascular malformations .tracheomalacia2 vocal cord dysfunction/ 'dema .heart failure/ 3ystic fibrosis, !resenting signs 3B 4A73('AS, 3hronic cough and whee8ing Bailure to thrive 4ancreatic insufficiency .sym!toms of malabsor!tion like steatorrhea/ Alkalosis and hy!otonic dehydration 7eonatal intestinal obstruction .meconium ileus// 7asal !oly!s 3lubbing of fingers/ 3hest radiogra!h with characteristic changes (ectal !rola!se 'lectrolyte elevation in sweat2 salty skin Absence or congenital atresia of vas deferens S!utum with Sta!h or 4seudomonas .mucoid/ F1 3ystic fibrosis, e)acerbation of !ulmonary infection 3B 4A73('AS, 3ough .increase in intensity and frequent s!ells/ Bever .usually low grade2 unless severe broncho!neumonia is !resent/ 4ulmonary function deterioration A!!etite decrease 7utrition2 weight loss 353 .leukocytosis with left shift/ (adiogra!h .increase overaeration2 !eribronchial thickening2 mucus !lugging/ ')am .rales or whee8ing in !reviously clear areas2 tachy!nea2 retractions/ Activity .decreased2 im!aired e)ercise intolerance2 increased absenteeism/ S!utum .becomes darker2 thicker2 and more abundant2 forming !lugs/ 4yloric stenosis .congential/, !resentation 4yloric stenosis is " 4:s, 4al!able mass 4aristalsis visible 4ro@ectile vomiting .F=H weeks after birth/ 3yanotic heart diseases, $ ty!es 9 $ :s, etralogy of Ballot rans!osition of the great arteries runcus arteriosus ricus!id atresia2 !ulmonary a resia otal anomalous !ulmonary venous drainage 5reast feeding, benefits A53D'B*<, 9 +nfant, Allergic condition reduced 5est food for infant 3lose relationshi! with mother Develo!ment of +E2 @aws2 mouth 9 0other, 'conmical Bitness, quick return to !re=!regnancy body sha!e *uards against cancer, breast2 ovary2 uterus <emorrhage .!ost!artum/ reduced 4ere8 refle) 'liciting the 4'r'8 refle) will make the baby 4''. >A*( syndrome, com!onents >A*(, >ilm:s tumor Aniridia *ential abnormalities 0ental retardation <aematuria, differential in children A53D'B*<+M1, Anatomy .cysts2 etc/ 5ladder .cystitis/ 3ancer .>ilm:s tumour/ Drug related .cyclo!hos!hamide/ ')ercise induced Bactitious .0unchausen by !ro)y/ *lomerulone!hritis <aematology .bleeding disorder2 sickle cell/ +nfection .D +/ +n Mury .trauma/ 1idney stones .hy!ercalciuria/

-itamin to)icities, neonatal ')cess vitamin A, Anomalies .teratogenic/ ')cess vitamin ', 'nterocolitis .necroti8ing enterocolitis/ ')cess vitamin 1, 1ernicterus .hemolysis/ (ubella, congenital signs ;(ubber Ducky2 +:m so blueL; .like the ;(ubber Ducky; song/, (ubber, (ubella Ducky, 4atent Ductus Arteriosus2 -SD and !ulmonary artery stenosis. +:m, 'yes .cataracts2 retino!athy2 micro!thalmia2 glaucoma/. 5lue, ;5lueberry 0uffin; rash .e)tramedullary hemato!oesis in skin N!ur!ura/ 9 Also2 deafness2 growth retardation2 and some more. 4ediatric milestones in develo!ment 1 year, =single words F years, =F word sentences =understands F ste! commands " years, =" word combos =re!eats " digits =rides tricycle H years, =draws square =counts H ob@ects "1 *astroschisis, usual location *as (osc<+sis usually occurs on the (+*< side of the umbilicus. .Dnscramble the letters/. 0ilk !rotein, women vs. cows >oman, >hey .mostly/ 3ow, 3asein .mostly/ Short stature, differential A53D'B*, Alone .neglected infant/ 5one dys!lasias .rickets2 scoliosis2 muco!olysaccharidoses/ 3hromosomal . urner:s2 Down:s/ Delayed growth 'ndocrine .low growth hormone2 3ushing:s2 hy!othyroid/ Bamilial *+ malabsor!tion .celiac2 3rohn:s/ 4lease !aste any resources and commonly tested information freely distributed by your medical school to hel! your !re!are for the DS0%' Ste! F here. +f you wish you can indicate which school !rovided these resources.