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TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS MEASUREMENT

Total Dissolved Solids


Definition: Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) is a measure of the sum of all inorganic and organic substances in a liquid in molecular, ionized or micro-granular colloidal suspended form. The solids must be small enough to survive filtration through a sieve the size of t o micrometer. TDS solids are normall! found in all fresh ater s!stems. "a#or applications of TDS are: at lo levels the stud! of ater qualit! for streams, rivers, la$es, potable ater taste, and at high levels the control of scale in recirculating ater s!stems. %t is a qualit! indicator for drin$ing ater and is a general measure of the presence of chemicals. %n sea ater &' desalination, TDS provides a a! of comparing the feed ith the permeate qualit! that is relevant to drin$ing ater taste standards. (here does TDS come from) TDS in surface aters come from the solvent action of ater in contact ith minerals in the earth, agricultural and residential runoff, leaching of soil contamination, and used ater from industrial or se age treatment plants. *ommon chemical constituents are calcium, sodium, chloride, potassium, phosphates and nitrates. The! ma! be cations, anions, molecules or agglomerations of molecules, so long as the! are soluble. The +nited States and *anada have a secondar! ater qualit! standard of ,-- mg./ TDS or less for palatable drin$ing ater. (ater ith TDS of greater than ,-- mg./ ma! have poor taste and hen over 0,-- mg./ ill taste li$e ea$ 1l$a-Seltzer2 to most people.

Illustration: 210-C analyzer configured to measure TDS.

TDS in Water Systems


TDS enters recirculating ater s!stems ith the ater suppl! from municipal, la$e, river, or ell ater. 'nce inside evaporation of a portion of the recirculating ater concentrates TDS solids. 4igh TDS levels generall! indicate hard ater, ater hardness must be removed or ill cause scale buildup in pipes, valves, and filters, reducing performance and adding to boiler s!stem maintenance and efficienc! costs. TDS is frequentl! tested manuall! and b! continuous TDS anal!zer hich operates a blo do n valve to $eep the s!stem belo the scale deposition concentration. These effects can also be seen in aquariums, spas, s imming pools, and reverse osmosis ater treatment s!stems. T!picall!, in these applications, TDS is tested manuall! frequentl! or b! continuous TDS anal!zer, plus equipment and filtration membranes are inspected for deposits. ater

Total Suspended Solids (TSS), are different from TDS as the! cannot pass through a sieve of t o micrometers and are suspended in solution. 3locculation and sand filtration can remove settleable solids and suspended solids from the ater but dissolved TDS solids are not removed. %n aquaculture, TDS is monitored to create a

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qualit! environment suitable for the organism. 3or fresh ater o!sters, trouts, and other high value seafood, highest productivit! and economic returns are achieved b! mimic$ing the TDS and p4 levels of each species5 native environment.

pop hen the! reach the ater surface in the boiler. <ventuall! depending on boiler pressure, size, and steam load, some of the steam space in the boiler fills ith bubble foam hich ma! get carried over into the main steam pipe. This is dangerous %n h!droponics, total dissolved solids is considered because no the steam is et as it leaves the boiler, one of the best indicators of nutrient availabilit! for en-training bubbles filmed b! high-TDS boiler ater. The TDS solids ill contaminate control the plants being gro n. valves, heat e9changers, steam traps, and turbines.

TDS Measurement Methods

There are t o principal methods of measuring total dissolved solids: gravimetic and conductivit!. The standard method is gravimetric, hich is considered the most accurate and involves evaporating the sample to dr!ness at 0-6 7*, then to 08- 7* to remove an! occluded ater, ( ater molecules trapped in mineral matri9), then To avoid carr!over, boiler manufactures t!picall! eighing it ith a precision anal!tical balance specif! ma9imum TDS based on operating (normall! capable of -.---0 gram accurac!). This pressure. 3or drum t!pe boilers: method is generall! considered best, although it is Drum Pressure PSIG Max Boiler Water TDS slo and has inaccuracies from lo -boiling-point +p to 6-=-- to 6,-- ppm (mg./) chemicals hich evaporate ith the ater. from 6-- to >,?-- to 6--- ppm (mg./) TDS of ater is directl! related to the conductivit! from >,- to ?-,-- to :,-- ppm (mg./) of dissolved ionized solids in the ater. %ons from the dissolved solids create the abilit! for ater to from ?-- to =,:-- to :--- ppm (mg./) conduct an electrical current, hich is measured b! from =,- to @-0,- to 0,-- ppm (mg./) the %* *ontrols :0--* anal!zer, and immediatel! from @-- to 0--0:, to 0:,- ppm (mg./) displa!ed as sodium chloride ppm or mg./ or ;S.cm conductivit!. (hen periodicall! from 0--- to 08-0-- ppm (mg./) standardized ith %* *ontrols TDS standards or b! laborator! gravimetric TDS measurement, TDS Too high TDS, besides carr!over, can result in anal!zers based on conductivit! provide a quic$ scale deposits on the boiler heat surfaces. &egardless of the t!pe of scale deposited boiler accurate value of the TDS. heat surfaces all e9hibit a lo ered abilit! to transmit heat. Studies publisher b! ater treatment TDS in Boilers chemical companies have sho n that 6 mm (-.0:, inch) of scale thic$ness causes about : to 1s a boiler generates steam, TDS impurities hich are in the feed ater do not boil off ith the steam. 6 A boiler efficienc! loss. Bot onl! does it add TDS impurities concentrate in the boiler ater, directl! to the fuel bill, but also the slo ed heat building up to produce scale #ust li$e in a $ettle. 1s transfer from hot gas to boiler ater results in the dissolved solids become more concentrated, the higher temperature in the tube metal, and possible steam bubbles formed are more stable, failing to tube failure, boiler outage, and costl! repairs.
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The most common cause of carr!over is a high Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) level. 3oaming can also be caused b! high levels of suspended solids, high al$alinit! or contamination b! oils and fats. *ontinuous control of boiler ater TDS levels, plus periodic chec$s for contaminants should ensure minimal ris$ of foaming and carr!over.

4o ever, hen TDS is measured on line b! the %* *ontrols :0--* anal!zer, and continuousl! displa!ed as ppm TDS or mg./ or can also be displa!ed as ;S.cm conductivit!, there is reason to e9pect scale deposition can be avoided. (hen TDS is measured on line and control (blo do n) automated ith the TDS set point set in consultation ith !our boiler specialt! chemical supplier, scale deposits can be eliminated, saving fuel and maintenance costs.

(ra) %a&*ling +or o++ line anal,%i%


<ven ith continuous TDS monitoring, periodic samples should be collected as a chec$, plus ith gravimetric anal!sis it can be used to standardize the TDS anal!zer. Standardizing ad#usts the TDS solids content factor, hich can change ith changes in ater suppl! source or chemical treatment. (hen collecting a sample it is important to ensure that !ou get a representative sample. Coilers have a connection for surface or TDS blo do n, hich is a good place to obtain a representative sample. Samples from close to the boiler feed ater inlet could give a false reading. Samples from level gauge glasses or e9ternal control chambers ma! contain condensate and should be avoided. %f sample ater is simpl! dra n from the boiler, it ill violentl! flash to steam as its pressure is reduced. Bot onl! is this potentiall! ver! dangerous to the operator, but an! subsequent anal!sis ill also be rong due to the loss of the flashed steam concentrating the sample. To get a cooled sample for anal!sis, a sample cooler such as the %* *ontrols ,-0 (see nearb! illustration) ill be required. The ,-0 sample cooler is a small heat e9changer that uses cold ater to cool the boiler ater sample belo the flash point.

Sample Cooler 501 W-at i% &eant ), ne.trali/ed $ond.$tivit,0 Coiler ater t!picall! contains h!dro9!l ('4 -) ion al$alinit! from high p4. The '4- ion has ver! high conductivit! but is a dissociate of 4 :' so does not contribute to TDS. The '4- ion conductivit! can be eliminated b! reducing the p4 to = or neutralizing the sample ith an organic acid such as gallic or acetic acid. 'rganic acids contribute a negligible amount to boiler conductivit!. W-at i% t-e relation%-i* )et"een T12 and $ond.$tivit,0 TDS ions from dissolved solids create the abilit! for ater to conduct an electrical current, hich is measured b! the %* *ontrols :0--* and immediatel! displa!ed as sodium chloride ppm or mg./, or as a conductivit! anal!zer displa!ed as ;S.cm. (hen directl! measured in process the conductivit! detected is not neutralized. %* *ontrols :0--* has an ad#ustable S*3 solids content factor to match !our application. T!pical non neutralized TDS solids content factors: TDS as Ba*l: -.>= to -.,TDS as >>:2: -.?, to -.8, TDS as D*l: -.,- to -.,=

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T!pical neutralized TDS *onversion 3actors: TDS as Ba*l: -.=- to -.=, TDS as D*l: -.=> to -.8> (ater treatment chemicals and dispersant can cause significant variations specific to each plant. %n the more concentrated boiler ater the solids content factor t!picall! is found bet een -.,, and -.@ ppm TDS per ;S.cm. The ater treatment compan! should be consulted and periodic gravimetric TDS tests done to confirm the solids content factor is stable.

W-at i% t-e di++eren$e )et"een **& and &g3L0


Earts per million TDS or ppm (abbreviated) is an e9pression of quantit!, mg./ (milligrams per liter) is an e9pression of eight. Coth are used as scales for TDS, but ppm is more popular. There is no conversion factor since 0 ppm F 0 mg./. Illustration: TDS Standards

4o" $an ,o. $ali)rate a T12 anal,/er0


T o a!s: TDS Standards, traceable to B%ST S&" from 0) The gravimetric method is considered the %* *ontrolsH made follo ing 1ST" D00:,: most accurate and involves evaporating the 100--:>> =-.0 ppm or mg./ as Ba*l at :,I* sample to dr!ness at 0-6 7*, then to 08- 7* 100--:>6 =-- ppm or mg./ as Ba*l at :,I* to remove an! occluded ater, then 100--:>: =:0= ppm or mg./ as Ba*l at :,I* eighing it ith a precision balance 100--:>0 =>68- ppm or mg./ as Ba*l at :,I* capable of -.---0 gram. Gravimetric 3or ma9imum precision these standards include a anal!sis is best, although slo , and has table of their values at different temperatures. This inaccuracies from evaporation of lo allo s the user to achieve qualit! calibrations boiling point chemicals. +se the result to through all temperatures encountered in the field. ad#ust the TDS anal!zer5s solids content <quivalent TDS standards from %* *ontrols: factor to achieve the reading. 100--:>, >= ppm or mg./ as Ba*l at :,I* :) C! use of $no n TDS standards. 100--:>? ?@: ppm or mg./ as Ba*l at :,I* %* *ontrols offers TDS standards as sodium 100--:>= =:6- ppm or mg./ as Ba*l at :,I* chloride ppm or mg./, made ith B%ST for ma9imum precision these standards include a S&" traceable materials. *alibration table of their values at different temperatures. This becomes simpl! a mater of dipping the TDS allo s the user to achieve qualit! calibrations sensor into the selected standard and through all temperatures encountered in the field. calibrating.

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What What to to %rder %rder for for Boiler Boiler TDS TDS
1 1 TDS TDS analyzer, analyzer, 210-C-2-10-20-93 210-C-2-10-20-93 1 TDS sensor, 401-2.0-23-34-72(6M) 1 TDS sensor, 401-2.0-23-34-72(6M)
210-C: 210-C: Analyzer Analyzer
Benefits Benefits -Solid -Solid me me al al !oiler !oiler "o#se "o#se s#r$i$or s#r$i$or %o#sin& %o#sin& -Dis'lay -Dis'lay s%o(s s%o(s TDS, TDS, em'era em'era #re, #re, 4 4 alarms, alarms, 2 2 4-20 4-20 m) m) -Dis'lay -Dis'lay as as ne# ne# ralized ralized TDS, TDS, or or non-ne# non-ne# ralized ralized TDS TDS -TDS -TDS dis'lay dis'lay #ni #ni s s a$aila*le a$aila*le are are ''m, ''m, m&+,, m&+,, or or '' '' -SC-SC- .a/ .a/ or or ad0#s ad0#s a*le a*le *e *e (een (een 0.40 0.40 -- 1.10 1.10 -1asy -1asy /ali*ra /ali*ra ion ion -- re/o&nizes re/o&nizes s s andards, andards, %olds %olds o# o# '# '# s s -Sel.-Sel.- and and sensor sensor dia&nos dia&nos i/s i/s -4-20 -4-20 m) m) o# o# '# '# s2 s2 1 1 .or .or TDS, TDS, 1 1 .or .or Tem'era Tem'era #re #re -4-20 -4-20 m) m) limi limi s s dire/ dire/ se se in in ''m ''m or or m&+l m&+l TDS TDS --o#r --o#r 'ro&ramma*le 'ro&ramma*le alarms alarms (i (i % % sel.sel.- and and sensor sensor aler aler -34-3--34-3-- /on /on rol rol and+or and+or '#m' '#m' '#lser '#lser /on /on rol rol -TDS -TDS se se 'oin 'oin #ni #ni s s dire/ dire/ se se in in ''m, ''m, m&+,, m&+,, or or '' '' -3' -3' ional ional 56D 56D /on /on rol rol -3' -3' ional ional /omm#ni/a /omm#ni/a ions ions

Model Model 01-2!0: 01-2!0: TDS TDS Sensor Sensor"" #ond! #ond! $ased $ased
Benefits Benefits -Solid -Solid me me al al !oiler !oiler "o#se "o#se s#r$i$or s#r$i$or %o#sin& %o#sin& -7#&&ed -7#&&ed TDS TDS Sensor Sensor (i (i % % 1;'losion 1;'losion 5roo. 5roo. "o#sin& "o#sin& -7a'id -7a'id and and a//#ra a//#ra e e TDS, TDS, or or non-ne# non-ne# ralized ralized TDS TDS -1asy -1asy /ali*ra /ali*ra ion ion 9 9 in in air air and and TDS TDS S S andards andards -1asy -1asy in in line line S S andardize andardize 9 9 (i (i % % >ra* >ra* Sam'les Sam'les -"i&% -"i&% o'era o'era in& in& em'era em'era #re #re o o 200:C 200:C (392:-) (392:-) ma;im#m ma;im#m -"i&% -"i&% o'era o'era in& in& 'ress#re 'ress#re o o 2.? 2.? M5a M5a (400 (400 'si) 'si) ma;im#m ma;im#m -)# -)# oma oma i/ i/ em'era em'era #re #re /om'ensa /om'ensa ion ion -Cons -Cons r#/ r#/ ed ed o. o. 316 316 SS, SS, 1D5M, 1D5M, and and 511@ 511@ -Dire/ -Dire/ inser inser ion, ion, 3+4= 3+4= 45T 45T s/re( s/re( in in desi&n desi&n -Sam'le -Sam'le SS SS .lo( .lo( /ell /ell o' o' ion ion -23, -23, 1= 1= -45T -45T Tee Tee -,o( -,o( main main enan/e enan/e

3' 3' ion ion 1 1 *01 *01 Sam)le Sam)le Cooler Cooler
Model Model *01-1+: *01-1+: Sam)le Sam)le Cooler Cooler
Benefits -316 SS SS !oiler !oiler "o#se "o#se Cooler Cooler Benefits -316 -Cools -Cools %i&% %i&% em'era em'era #re #re liA#ids liA#ids o o sa.e sa.e %andlin& %andlin& Tem'. Tem'. -!oiler -!oiler (a (a er, er, .eed .eed (a (a er, er, s s eam, eam, /%emi/al /%emi/al sol# sol# ions ions -7a'id -7a'id and and a//#ra a//#ra e e TDS TDS &ra* &ra* sam'les sam'les -1ner&y -1ner&y e..i/ien e..i/ien /o#n /o#n er er .lo( .lo( desi&n desi&n -1asy -1asy /oil /oil remo$al remo$al .or .or ins'e/ ins'e/ ion ion or or s/ale s/ale remo$al remo$al -Sa.e -Sa.e /on /on in#o#s in#o#s sam'le sam'le #de #de .rom .rom inle inle o o o# o# le le -"i&% -"i&% o'era o'era in& in& em'era em'era #re #re o o 216:C 216:C (600:-) (600:-) ma;. ma;. -"i&% -"i&% o'era o'era in& in& 'ress#re 'ress#re o o 20.7 20.7 M5a M5a (3000 (3000 'si) 'si) ma;. ma;. -1+2= -1+2= /oolin& /oolin& (a (a er er /onne/ /onne/ ions, ions, .or .or < < >5M >5M -Cons -Cons r#/ r#/ ed ed o. o. 316 316 SS, SS, 1D5M, 1D5M, and and 5eeB 5eeB -6?0 -6?0 //+min //+min (90 (90 l*+%r) l*+%r) (a (a er er -<2< -<2< //+min //+min (70 (70 l*+%r) l*+%r) s s eam eam -,o( -,o( main main enan/e enan/e -3' -3' ional ional %i&% %i&% em'+'ress#re em'+'ress#re sam'le sam'le %ro %ro lin& lin& $al$e $al$e

3' 3' ion ion 2 2 TDS TDS Standards Standards


Benefits Benefits -Cali*ra -Cali*ra e e is is easy, easy, no no lon& lon& ime ime delay delay -ran&e -ran&e o. o. $al#es $al#es a$aila*le a$aila*le -in/l#des -in/l#des a*le a*le o. o. $al#es $al#es a a $ario#s $ario#s em'era em'era #res #res Can Can *e *e ra/ed ra/ed o o 46ST 46ST -)1100244 -)1100244 70.1 70.1 ''m ''m or or m&+, m&+, as as 4aCl 4aCl a a 2<CC 2<CC -)1100243 -)1100243 700 700 ''m ''m or or m&+, m&+, as as 4aCl 4aCl a a 2<CC 2<CC -)1100242 -)1100242 7217 7217 ''m ''m or or m&+, m&+, as as 4aCl 4aCl a a 2<CC 2<CC -)1100241 -)1100241 743?0 743?0 ''m ''m or or m&+, m&+, as as 4aCl 4aCl a a 2<CC 2<CC 1A#i$alen 1A#i$alen TDS TDS S S andards andards .rom .rom 6CDCon 6CDCon rols2 rols2 -)110024< -)110024< 47 47 ''m ''m or or m&+, m&+, as as 4aCl 4aCl a a 2<CC 2<CC -)1100246 -)1100246 692 692 ''m ''m or or m&+, m&+, as as 4aCl 4aCl a a 2<CC 2<CC -)1100247 -)1100247 7230 7230 ''m ''m or or m&+, m&+, as as 4aCl 4aCl a a 2<CC 2<CC

What to %rder" for Drin&in' Water Taste Taste monitorin' and (everse (everse %smosis )ermeate Taste monitorin' $y TDS TDS
1 1 TDS TDS analyzer, analyzer, 210-C-1-10-20-93 210-C-1-10-20-93 1 TDS sensor, 404-2.0-34-71(6M) 1 TDS sensor, 404-2.0-34-71(6M)
210-C: 210-C: Analyzer Analyzer
Benefits -Solid me me al al ind#s ind#s rial rial s#r$i$or s#r$i$or %o#sin& %o#sin& Benefits -Solid -Dis'lay -Dis'lay s%o(s s%o(s TDS, TDS, em'era em'era #re, #re, 4 4 alarms, alarms, 2 2 4-20 4-20 m) m) -Dis'lay -Dis'lay as as TDS TDS -TDS -TDS dis'lay dis'lay #ni #ni s s a$aila*le a$aila*le are are ''m, ''m, m&+,, m&+,, or or '' '' -SC-SC- .a/ .a/ or or ad0#s ad0#s a*le a*le *e *e (een (een 0.40 0.40 -- 1.10 1.10 -1asy -1asy /ali*ra /ali*ra ion ion -- re/o&nizes re/o&nizes s s andards, andards, %olds %olds o# o# '# '# s s -Sel.-Sel.- and and sensor sensor dia&nos dia&nos i/s i/s -4-20 -4-20 m) m) o# o# '# '# s2 s2 1 1 .or .or TDS, TDS, 1 1 .or .or Tem'era Tem'era #re #re -4-20 -4-20 m) m) limi limi s s dire/ dire/ se se in in ''m ''m or or m&+, m&+, TDS TDS --o#r --o#r 'ro&ramma*le 'ro&ramma*le alarms alarms (i (i % % sel.sel.- and and sensor sensor aler aler -34-3--34-3-- /on /on rol rol and+or and+or '#m' '#m' '#lser '#lser /on /on rol rol -TDS -TDS se se 'oin 'oin #ni #ni s s dire/ dire/ se se in in ''m, ''m, m&+,, m&+,, or or '' '' -3' -3' ional ional 56D 56D /on /on rol rol -3' -3' ional ional /omm#ni/a /omm#ni/a ions ions

Model Model 0 0 -2!0: -2!0: TDS TDS Sensor" Sensor" #ondu#tivity #ondu#tivity $ased $ased
Benefits Benefits -- 7#&&ed 7#&&ed C58C C58C s#r$i$or s#r$i$or %o#sin& %o#sin& -7#&&ed -7#&&ed TDS TDS Sensor Sensor (i (i % % dire/ dire/ /onne/ /onne/ (irin& (irin& -7a'id -7a'id and and a//#ra a//#ra e e TDS TDS readin&s readin&s -1asy -1asy /ali*ra /ali*ra ion ion 9 9 in in air air and and TDS TDS s s andards andards -1asy -1asy in in line line S S andardize andardize 9 9 (i (i % % &ra* &ra* sam'les sam'les -3'era -3'era in& in& em'era em'era #re #re o o 90:C 90:C (194:-) (194:-) ma;im#m ma;im#m -3'era -3'era in& in& 'ress#re 'ress#re o o 1.2 1.2 M5a M5a (17< (17< 'si) 'si) ma;im#m ma;im#m -)# -)# oma oma i/ i/ em'era em'era #re #re /om'ensa /om'ensa ion ion -Cons -Cons r#/ r#/ ed ed o. o. ii ani#m, ani#m, $i $i on on and and C58C C58C -Dire/ -Dire/ inser inser ion, ion, 1= 1= 45T 45T s/re( s/re( in in desi&n desi&n -Sam'le -Sam'le SS SS .lo( .lo( /ell /ell o' o' ion ion -73, -73, 1= 1= -45T -45T Tee Tee -,o( -,o( main main enan/e enan/e

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TDS Contaminated Condensate Diversion or (e#overy


&ecover! of other ise questionable qualit! TDS contaminated condensate can be easil! and economicall! handled b! a :0--* 1nal!zer and a >-0--.0 sensor plus a 6 a! solenoid valve. &eturning condensate can be (but ma! not be) contaminated ith untreated ater from heat e9changer lea$s or process liquids and often goes to se er. 4ot condensate at :- ES%G compared to ma$e up ater at ?-73 represents a loss of :-CT+ per lb. 1 0 gallon per minute hot condensate tric$ling to se er cost about J0:---.-- in heat loss per !ear (0 gal.min 9 8.66 lb.gal 9 ?- min 9 :> hr 9 6?, d 9 :-CT+.lb) 9 0>.--.0-? CT+ (J@-.--.bbl oil) F appro9 J0:---.--. (here returning condensate ma! be contaminated so it goes to se er, use of a simple condensate monitoring s!stem plus a 6 a! diversion solenoid valve can pa! for itself in the first !ear.

What What to to %rder %rder for for Contaminated Condensate Condensate TDS Monitorin'/Diversion
1 1 TDS TDS analyzer, analyzer, 210-C-2-10-20-93 210-C-2-10-20-93 1 1 TDS TDS sensor, sensor, 401-0.1-34-71(6M) 401-0.1-34-71(6M)
210-C: 210-C: Analyzer Analyzer
Benefits Benefits -Solid -Solid me me al al ind#s ind#s rial rial s#r$i$or s#r$i$or %o#sin& %o#sin& -Dis'lay -Dis'lay s%o(s s%o(s TDS, TDS, em'era em'era #re, #re, 4 4 alarms, alarms, 2 2 4-20 4-20 m) m) -Dis'lay -Dis'lay as as TDS TDS -TDS -TDS dis'lay dis'lay #ni #ni s s a$aila*le a$aila*le are are ''m, ''m, m&+l, m&+l, or or '' '' -SC-SC- .a/ .a/ or or ad0#s ad0#s a*le a*le *e *e (een (een 0.40 0.40 -- 1.10 1.10 -1asy -1asy /ali*ra /ali*ra ion ion -- re/o&nizes re/o&nizes s s andards, andards, %olds %olds o# o# '# '# s s -Sel.-Sel.- and and sensor sensor dia&nos dia&nos i/s i/s -4-20 -4-20 m) m) o# o# '# '# s2 s2 1 1 .or .or TDS, TDS, 1 1 .or .or Tem'era Tem'era #re #re -4-20 -4-20 m) m) limi limi s s dire/ dire/ se se in in ''m ''m or or m&+, m&+, TDS TDS --o#r --o#r 'ro&ramma*le 'ro&ramma*le alarms alarms (i (i % % sel. sel. and and sensor sensor aler aler -34-3--34-3-- /on /on rol rol and+or and+or '#m' '#m' '#lser '#lser /on /on rol rol -TDS -TDS se se 'oin 'oin #ni #ni s s dire/ dire/ se se in in ''m, ''m, m&+,, m&+,, or or '' '' -3' -3' ional ional 56D 56D /on /on rol rol -3' -3' ional ional /omm#ni/a /omm#ni/a ions ions

Model Model 01-0!1: 01-0!1: TDS TDS Sensor Sensor"" #ond! #ond! $ased $ased
Benefits Benefits -Solid -Solid me me al al !oiler !oiler "o#se "o#se s#r$i$or s#r$i$or %o#sin& %o#sin& -7#&&ed -7#&&ed TDS TDS Sensor Sensor (i (i % % 1;'losion 1;'losion 5roo. 5roo. "o#sin& "o#sin& -7a'id -7a'id and and a//#ra a//#ra e e TDS, TDS, or or non-ne# non-ne# ralized ralized TDS TDS -1asy -1asy /ali*ra /ali*ra ion ion 9 9 in in air air and and TDS TDS S S andards andards -1asy -1asy in in line line s s andardize andardize 9 9 (i (i % % &ra* &ra* sam'les sam'les -"i&% -"i&% o'era o'era in& in& em'era em'era #re #re o o 200:C 200:C (392:-) (392:-) ma;im#m ma;im#m -"i&% -"i&% o'era o'era in& in& 'ress#re 'ress#re o o 2.? 2.? M5a M5a (400 (400 'si) 'si) ma;im#m ma;im#m -)# -)# oma oma i/ i/ em'era em'era #re #re /om'ensa /om'ensa ion ion -Cons -Cons r#/ r#/ ed ed o. o. 316 316 SS, SS, 1D5M, 1D5M, and and 511@ 511@ -Dire/ -Dire/ inser inser ion, ion, 3+4= 3+4= 45T 45T s/re( s/re( in in desi&n desi&n -Sam'le -Sam'le SS SS .lo( .lo( /ell /ell o' o' ion ion -23, -23, 1= 1= -45T -45T Tee Tee -,o( -,o( main main enan/e enan/e

3' 3' ion ion 1 1 TDS TDS Standards Standards


Benefits Benefits -Cali*ra -Cali*ra e e is is easy, easy, no no lon& lon& ime ime delay delay -ran&e -ran&e o. o. $al#es $al#es a$aila*le a$aila*le -in/l#des -in/l#des a*le a*le o. o. $al#es $al#es a a $ario#s $ario#s em'era em'era #res #res Can Can *e *e ra/ed ra/ed o o 46ST 46ST -)1100244 -)1100244 70.1 70.1 ''m ''m or or m&+, m&+, as as 4aCl 4aCl a a 2<CC 2<CC -)1100243 -)1100243 700 700 ''m ''m or or m&+, m&+, as as 4aCl 4aCl a a 2<CC 2<CC -)1100242 -)1100242 7217 7217 ''m ''m or or m&+, m&+, as as 4aCl 4aCl a a 2<CC 2<CC -)1100241 -)1100241 743?0 743?0 ''m ''m or or m&+, m&+, as as 4aCl 4aCl a a 2<CC 2<CC 1A#i$alen 1A#i$alen TDS TDS S S andards andards .rom .rom 6CDCon 6CDCon rols2 rols2 -)110024< -)110024< 47 47 ''m ''m or or m&+, m&+, as as 4aCl 4aCl a a 2<CC 2<CC -)1100246 -)1100246 692 692 ''m ''m or or m&+, m&+, as as 4aCl 4aCl a a 2<CC 2<CC -)1100247 -)1100247 7230 7230 ''m ''m or or m&+, m&+, as as 4aCl 4aCl a a 2<CC 2<CC

3' 3' ion ion 2 2 A,200000 A,200000 Ca$le Ca$le --Bo. --Bo. to to Analyzer Analyzer
Benefits Benefits -Man#.a/ -Man#.a/ #rers #rers re/ommended re/ommended /a*le /a*le -s%ielded -s%ielded sensor sensor si&nal si&nal &e &e s s *a/B *a/B o o analyzer analyzer -'ro -'ro e/ e/ ion ion .rom .rom s s ray ray ele/ ele/ ri/al ri/al noise noise -relia*le -relia*le sensor sensor and and analyzer analyzer 'er.orman/e 'er.orman/e -(ire -(ire size size .i .i s s erminal erminal *lo/Bs *lo/Bs -#nliBe -#nliBe y'i/al y'i/al 14 14 >a&e >a&e solid solid (ire, (ire, easily easily maBes maBes #rns #rns -lo( -lo( main main enan/e enan/e -a$aila*le -a$aila*le *y *y %e %e me me er er (or (or .oo .oo ), ), s'e/i.y s'e/i.y len& len& % % desired desired

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