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Total Suspended Solids (TSS), are different from TDS as the! cannot pass through a sieve of t o micrometers and are suspended in solution. 3locculation and sand filtration can remove settleable solids and suspended solids from the ater but dissolved TDS solids are not removed. %n aquaculture, TDS is monitored to create a
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qualit! environment suitable for the organism. 3or fresh ater o!sters, trouts, and other high value seafood, highest productivit! and economic returns are achieved b! mimic$ing the TDS and p4 levels of each species5 native environment.
pop hen the! reach the ater surface in the boiler. <ventuall! depending on boiler pressure, size, and steam load, some of the steam space in the boiler fills ith bubble foam hich ma! get carried over into the main steam pipe. This is dangerous %n h!droponics, total dissolved solids is considered because no the steam is et as it leaves the boiler, one of the best indicators of nutrient availabilit! for en-training bubbles filmed b! high-TDS boiler ater. The TDS solids ill contaminate control the plants being gro n. valves, heat e9changers, steam traps, and turbines.
There are t o principal methods of measuring total dissolved solids: gravimetic and conductivit!. The standard method is gravimetric, hich is considered the most accurate and involves evaporating the sample to dr!ness at 0-6 7*, then to 08- 7* to remove an! occluded ater, ( ater molecules trapped in mineral matri9), then To avoid carr!over, boiler manufactures t!picall! eighing it ith a precision anal!tical balance specif! ma9imum TDS based on operating (normall! capable of -.---0 gram accurac!). This pressure. 3or drum t!pe boilers: method is generall! considered best, although it is Drum Pressure PSIG Max Boiler Water TDS slo and has inaccuracies from lo -boiling-point +p to 6-=-- to 6,-- ppm (mg./) chemicals hich evaporate ith the ater. from 6-- to >,?-- to 6--- ppm (mg./) TDS of ater is directl! related to the conductivit! from >,- to ?-,-- to :,-- ppm (mg./) of dissolved ionized solids in the ater. %ons from the dissolved solids create the abilit! for ater to from ?-- to =,:-- to :--- ppm (mg./) conduct an electrical current, hich is measured b! from =,- to @-0,- to 0,-- ppm (mg./) the %* *ontrols :0--* anal!zer, and immediatel! from @-- to 0--0:, to 0:,- ppm (mg./) displa!ed as sodium chloride ppm or mg./ or ;S.cm conductivit!. (hen periodicall! from 0--- to 08-0-- ppm (mg./) standardized ith %* *ontrols TDS standards or b! laborator! gravimetric TDS measurement, TDS Too high TDS, besides carr!over, can result in anal!zers based on conductivit! provide a quic$ scale deposits on the boiler heat surfaces. &egardless of the t!pe of scale deposited boiler accurate value of the TDS. heat surfaces all e9hibit a lo ered abilit! to transmit heat. Studies publisher b! ater treatment TDS in Boilers chemical companies have sho n that 6 mm (-.0:, inch) of scale thic$ness causes about : to 1s a boiler generates steam, TDS impurities hich are in the feed ater do not boil off ith the steam. 6 A boiler efficienc! loss. Bot onl! does it add TDS impurities concentrate in the boiler ater, directl! to the fuel bill, but also the slo ed heat building up to produce scale #ust li$e in a $ettle. 1s transfer from hot gas to boiler ater results in the dissolved solids become more concentrated, the higher temperature in the tube metal, and possible steam bubbles formed are more stable, failing to tube failure, boiler outage, and costl! repairs.
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The most common cause of carr!over is a high Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) level. 3oaming can also be caused b! high levels of suspended solids, high al$alinit! or contamination b! oils and fats. *ontinuous control of boiler ater TDS levels, plus periodic chec$s for contaminants should ensure minimal ris$ of foaming and carr!over.
4o ever, hen TDS is measured on line b! the %* *ontrols :0--* anal!zer, and continuousl! displa!ed as ppm TDS or mg./ or can also be displa!ed as ;S.cm conductivit!, there is reason to e9pect scale deposition can be avoided. (hen TDS is measured on line and control (blo do n) automated ith the TDS set point set in consultation ith !our boiler specialt! chemical supplier, scale deposits can be eliminated, saving fuel and maintenance costs.
Sample Cooler 501 W-at i% &eant ), ne.trali/ed $ond.$tivit,0 Coiler ater t!picall! contains h!dro9!l ('4 -) ion al$alinit! from high p4. The '4- ion has ver! high conductivit! but is a dissociate of 4 :' so does not contribute to TDS. The '4- ion conductivit! can be eliminated b! reducing the p4 to = or neutralizing the sample ith an organic acid such as gallic or acetic acid. 'rganic acids contribute a negligible amount to boiler conductivit!. W-at i% t-e relation%-i* )et"een T12 and $ond.$tivit,0 TDS ions from dissolved solids create the abilit! for ater to conduct an electrical current, hich is measured b! the %* *ontrols :0--* and immediatel! displa!ed as sodium chloride ppm or mg./, or as a conductivit! anal!zer displa!ed as ;S.cm. (hen directl! measured in process the conductivit! detected is not neutralized. %* *ontrols :0--* has an ad#ustable S*3 solids content factor to match !our application. T!pical non neutralized TDS solids content factors: TDS as Ba*l: -.>= to -.,TDS as >>:2: -.?, to -.8, TDS as D*l: -.,- to -.,=
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T!pical neutralized TDS *onversion 3actors: TDS as Ba*l: -.=- to -.=, TDS as D*l: -.=> to -.8> (ater treatment chemicals and dispersant can cause significant variations specific to each plant. %n the more concentrated boiler ater the solids content factor t!picall! is found bet een -.,, and -.@ ppm TDS per ;S.cm. The ater treatment compan! should be consulted and periodic gravimetric TDS tests done to confirm the solids content factor is stable.
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What What to to %rder %rder for for Boiler Boiler TDS TDS
1 1 TDS TDS analyzer, analyzer, 210-C-2-10-20-93 210-C-2-10-20-93 1 TDS sensor, 401-2.0-23-34-72(6M) 1 TDS sensor, 401-2.0-23-34-72(6M)
210-C: 210-C: Analyzer Analyzer
Benefits Benefits -Solid -Solid me me al al !oiler !oiler "o#se "o#se s#r$i$or s#r$i$or %o#sin& %o#sin& -Dis'lay -Dis'lay s%o(s s%o(s TDS, TDS, em'era em'era #re, #re, 4 4 alarms, alarms, 2 2 4-20 4-20 m) m) -Dis'lay -Dis'lay as as ne# ne# ralized ralized TDS, TDS, or or non-ne# non-ne# ralized ralized TDS TDS -TDS -TDS dis'lay dis'lay #ni #ni s s a$aila*le a$aila*le are are ''m, ''m, m&+,, m&+,, or or '' '' -SC-SC- .a/ .a/ or or ad0#s ad0#s a*le a*le *e *e (een (een 0.40 0.40 -- 1.10 1.10 -1asy -1asy /ali*ra /ali*ra ion ion -- re/o&nizes re/o&nizes s s andards, andards, %olds %olds o# o# '# '# s s -Sel.-Sel.- and and sensor sensor dia&nos dia&nos i/s i/s -4-20 -4-20 m) m) o# o# '# '# s2 s2 1 1 .or .or TDS, TDS, 1 1 .or .or Tem'era Tem'era #re #re -4-20 -4-20 m) m) limi limi s s dire/ dire/ se se in in ''m ''m or or m&+l m&+l TDS TDS --o#r --o#r 'ro&ramma*le 'ro&ramma*le alarms alarms (i (i % % sel.sel.- and and sensor sensor aler aler -34-3--34-3-- /on /on rol rol and+or and+or '#m' '#m' '#lser '#lser /on /on rol rol -TDS -TDS se se 'oin 'oin #ni #ni s s dire/ dire/ se se in in ''m, ''m, m&+,, m&+,, or or '' '' -3' -3' ional ional 56D 56D /on /on rol rol -3' -3' ional ional /omm#ni/a /omm#ni/a ions ions
Model Model 01-2!0: 01-2!0: TDS TDS Sensor Sensor"" #ond! #ond! $ased $ased
Benefits Benefits -Solid -Solid me me al al !oiler !oiler "o#se "o#se s#r$i$or s#r$i$or %o#sin& %o#sin& -7#&&ed -7#&&ed TDS TDS Sensor Sensor (i (i % % 1;'losion 1;'losion 5roo. 5roo. "o#sin& "o#sin& -7a'id -7a'id and and a//#ra a//#ra e e TDS, TDS, or or non-ne# non-ne# ralized ralized TDS TDS -1asy -1asy /ali*ra /ali*ra ion ion 9 9 in in air air and and TDS TDS S S andards andards -1asy -1asy in in line line S S andardize andardize 9 9 (i (i % % >ra* >ra* Sam'les Sam'les -"i&% -"i&% o'era o'era in& in& em'era em'era #re #re o o 200:C 200:C (392:-) (392:-) ma;im#m ma;im#m -"i&% -"i&% o'era o'era in& in& 'ress#re 'ress#re o o 2.? 2.? M5a M5a (400 (400 'si) 'si) ma;im#m ma;im#m -)# -)# oma oma i/ i/ em'era em'era #re #re /om'ensa /om'ensa ion ion -Cons -Cons r#/ r#/ ed ed o. o. 316 316 SS, SS, 1D5M, 1D5M, and and 511@ 511@ -Dire/ -Dire/ inser inser ion, ion, 3+4= 3+4= 45T 45T s/re( s/re( in in desi&n desi&n -Sam'le -Sam'le SS SS .lo( .lo( /ell /ell o' o' ion ion -23, -23, 1= 1= -45T -45T Tee Tee -,o( -,o( main main enan/e enan/e
3' 3' ion ion 1 1 *01 *01 Sam)le Sam)le Cooler Cooler
Model Model *01-1+: *01-1+: Sam)le Sam)le Cooler Cooler
Benefits -316 SS SS !oiler !oiler "o#se "o#se Cooler Cooler Benefits -316 -Cools -Cools %i&% %i&% em'era em'era #re #re liA#ids liA#ids o o sa.e sa.e %andlin& %andlin& Tem'. Tem'. -!oiler -!oiler (a (a er, er, .eed .eed (a (a er, er, s s eam, eam, /%emi/al /%emi/al sol# sol# ions ions -7a'id -7a'id and and a//#ra a//#ra e e TDS TDS &ra* &ra* sam'les sam'les -1ner&y -1ner&y e..i/ien e..i/ien /o#n /o#n er er .lo( .lo( desi&n desi&n -1asy -1asy /oil /oil remo$al remo$al .or .or ins'e/ ins'e/ ion ion or or s/ale s/ale remo$al remo$al -Sa.e -Sa.e /on /on in#o#s in#o#s sam'le sam'le #de #de .rom .rom inle inle o o o# o# le le -"i&% -"i&% o'era o'era in& in& em'era em'era #re #re o o 216:C 216:C (600:-) (600:-) ma;. ma;. -"i&% -"i&% o'era o'era in& in& 'ress#re 'ress#re o o 20.7 20.7 M5a M5a (3000 (3000 'si) 'si) ma;. ma;. -1+2= -1+2= /oolin& /oolin& (a (a er er /onne/ /onne/ ions, ions, .or .or < < >5M >5M -Cons -Cons r#/ r#/ ed ed o. o. 316 316 SS, SS, 1D5M, 1D5M, and and 5eeB 5eeB -6?0 -6?0 //+min //+min (90 (90 l*+%r) l*+%r) (a (a er er -<2< -<2< //+min //+min (70 (70 l*+%r) l*+%r) s s eam eam -,o( -,o( main main enan/e enan/e -3' -3' ional ional %i&% %i&% em'+'ress#re em'+'ress#re sam'le sam'le %ro %ro lin& lin& $al$e $al$e
What to %rder" for Drin&in' Water Taste Taste monitorin' and (everse (everse %smosis )ermeate Taste monitorin' $y TDS TDS
1 1 TDS TDS analyzer, analyzer, 210-C-1-10-20-93 210-C-1-10-20-93 1 TDS sensor, 404-2.0-34-71(6M) 1 TDS sensor, 404-2.0-34-71(6M)
210-C: 210-C: Analyzer Analyzer
Benefits -Solid me me al al ind#s ind#s rial rial s#r$i$or s#r$i$or %o#sin& %o#sin& Benefits -Solid -Dis'lay -Dis'lay s%o(s s%o(s TDS, TDS, em'era em'era #re, #re, 4 4 alarms, alarms, 2 2 4-20 4-20 m) m) -Dis'lay -Dis'lay as as TDS TDS -TDS -TDS dis'lay dis'lay #ni #ni s s a$aila*le a$aila*le are are ''m, ''m, m&+,, m&+,, or or '' '' -SC-SC- .a/ .a/ or or ad0#s ad0#s a*le a*le *e *e (een (een 0.40 0.40 -- 1.10 1.10 -1asy -1asy /ali*ra /ali*ra ion ion -- re/o&nizes re/o&nizes s s andards, andards, %olds %olds o# o# '# '# s s -Sel.-Sel.- and and sensor sensor dia&nos dia&nos i/s i/s -4-20 -4-20 m) m) o# o# '# '# s2 s2 1 1 .or .or TDS, TDS, 1 1 .or .or Tem'era Tem'era #re #re -4-20 -4-20 m) m) limi limi s s dire/ dire/ se se in in ''m ''m or or m&+, m&+, TDS TDS --o#r --o#r 'ro&ramma*le 'ro&ramma*le alarms alarms (i (i % % sel.sel.- and and sensor sensor aler aler -34-3--34-3-- /on /on rol rol and+or and+or '#m' '#m' '#lser '#lser /on /on rol rol -TDS -TDS se se 'oin 'oin #ni #ni s s dire/ dire/ se se in in ''m, ''m, m&+,, m&+,, or or '' '' -3' -3' ional ional 56D 56D /on /on rol rol -3' -3' ional ional /omm#ni/a /omm#ni/a ions ions
Model Model 0 0 -2!0: -2!0: TDS TDS Sensor" Sensor" #ondu#tivity #ondu#tivity $ased $ased
Benefits Benefits -- 7#&&ed 7#&&ed C58C C58C s#r$i$or s#r$i$or %o#sin& %o#sin& -7#&&ed -7#&&ed TDS TDS Sensor Sensor (i (i % % dire/ dire/ /onne/ /onne/ (irin& (irin& -7a'id -7a'id and and a//#ra a//#ra e e TDS TDS readin&s readin&s -1asy -1asy /ali*ra /ali*ra ion ion 9 9 in in air air and and TDS TDS s s andards andards -1asy -1asy in in line line S S andardize andardize 9 9 (i (i % % &ra* &ra* sam'les sam'les -3'era -3'era in& in& em'era em'era #re #re o o 90:C 90:C (194:-) (194:-) ma;im#m ma;im#m -3'era -3'era in& in& 'ress#re 'ress#re o o 1.2 1.2 M5a M5a (17< (17< 'si) 'si) ma;im#m ma;im#m -)# -)# oma oma i/ i/ em'era em'era #re #re /om'ensa /om'ensa ion ion -Cons -Cons r#/ r#/ ed ed o. o. ii ani#m, ani#m, $i $i on on and and C58C C58C -Dire/ -Dire/ inser inser ion, ion, 1= 1= 45T 45T s/re( s/re( in in desi&n desi&n -Sam'le -Sam'le SS SS .lo( .lo( /ell /ell o' o' ion ion -73, -73, 1= 1= -45T -45T Tee Tee -,o( -,o( main main enan/e enan/e
29 Centennial Road Orangeville Ontario L9W 1R1 Tel:(519)941-8161 Fa :(519)941-8164 1-8!!-265-9161 """#i$$ontrol%#$o& %ale%'i$$ontrol%#$o&
What What to to %rder %rder for for Contaminated Condensate Condensate TDS Monitorin'/Diversion
1 1 TDS TDS analyzer, analyzer, 210-C-2-10-20-93 210-C-2-10-20-93 1 1 TDS TDS sensor, sensor, 401-0.1-34-71(6M) 401-0.1-34-71(6M)
210-C: 210-C: Analyzer Analyzer
Benefits Benefits -Solid -Solid me me al al ind#s ind#s rial rial s#r$i$or s#r$i$or %o#sin& %o#sin& -Dis'lay -Dis'lay s%o(s s%o(s TDS, TDS, em'era em'era #re, #re, 4 4 alarms, alarms, 2 2 4-20 4-20 m) m) -Dis'lay -Dis'lay as as TDS TDS -TDS -TDS dis'lay dis'lay #ni #ni s s a$aila*le a$aila*le are are ''m, ''m, m&+l, m&+l, or or '' '' -SC-SC- .a/ .a/ or or ad0#s ad0#s a*le a*le *e *e (een (een 0.40 0.40 -- 1.10 1.10 -1asy -1asy /ali*ra /ali*ra ion ion -- re/o&nizes re/o&nizes s s andards, andards, %olds %olds o# o# '# '# s s -Sel.-Sel.- and and sensor sensor dia&nos dia&nos i/s i/s -4-20 -4-20 m) m) o# o# '# '# s2 s2 1 1 .or .or TDS, TDS, 1 1 .or .or Tem'era Tem'era #re #re -4-20 -4-20 m) m) limi limi s s dire/ dire/ se se in in ''m ''m or or m&+, m&+, TDS TDS --o#r --o#r 'ro&ramma*le 'ro&ramma*le alarms alarms (i (i % % sel. sel. and and sensor sensor aler aler -34-3--34-3-- /on /on rol rol and+or and+or '#m' '#m' '#lser '#lser /on /on rol rol -TDS -TDS se se 'oin 'oin #ni #ni s s dire/ dire/ se se in in ''m, ''m, m&+,, m&+,, or or '' '' -3' -3' ional ional 56D 56D /on /on rol rol -3' -3' ional ional /omm#ni/a /omm#ni/a ions ions
Model Model 01-0!1: 01-0!1: TDS TDS Sensor Sensor"" #ond! #ond! $ased $ased
Benefits Benefits -Solid -Solid me me al al !oiler !oiler "o#se "o#se s#r$i$or s#r$i$or %o#sin& %o#sin& -7#&&ed -7#&&ed TDS TDS Sensor Sensor (i (i % % 1;'losion 1;'losion 5roo. 5roo. "o#sin& "o#sin& -7a'id -7a'id and and a//#ra a//#ra e e TDS, TDS, or or non-ne# non-ne# ralized ralized TDS TDS -1asy -1asy /ali*ra /ali*ra ion ion 9 9 in in air air and and TDS TDS S S andards andards -1asy -1asy in in line line s s andardize andardize 9 9 (i (i % % &ra* &ra* sam'les sam'les -"i&% -"i&% o'era o'era in& in& em'era em'era #re #re o o 200:C 200:C (392:-) (392:-) ma;im#m ma;im#m -"i&% -"i&% o'era o'era in& in& 'ress#re 'ress#re o o 2.? 2.? M5a M5a (400 (400 'si) 'si) ma;im#m ma;im#m -)# -)# oma oma i/ i/ em'era em'era #re #re /om'ensa /om'ensa ion ion -Cons -Cons r#/ r#/ ed ed o. o. 316 316 SS, SS, 1D5M, 1D5M, and and 511@ 511@ -Dire/ -Dire/ inser inser ion, ion, 3+4= 3+4= 45T 45T s/re( s/re( in in desi&n desi&n -Sam'le -Sam'le SS SS .lo( .lo( /ell /ell o' o' ion ion -23, -23, 1= 1= -45T -45T Tee Tee -,o( -,o( main main enan/e enan/e
3' 3' ion ion 2 2 A,200000 A,200000 Ca$le Ca$le --Bo. --Bo. to to Analyzer Analyzer
Benefits Benefits -Man#.a/ -Man#.a/ #rers #rers re/ommended re/ommended /a*le /a*le -s%ielded -s%ielded sensor sensor si&nal si&nal &e &e s s *a/B *a/B o o analyzer analyzer -'ro -'ro e/ e/ ion ion .rom .rom s s ray ray ele/ ele/ ri/al ri/al noise noise -relia*le -relia*le sensor sensor and and analyzer analyzer 'er.orman/e 'er.orman/e -(ire -(ire size size .i .i s s erminal erminal *lo/Bs *lo/Bs -#nliBe -#nliBe y'i/al y'i/al 14 14 >a&e >a&e solid solid (ire, (ire, easily easily maBes maBes #rns #rns -lo( -lo( main main enan/e enan/e -a$aila*le -a$aila*le *y *y %e %e me me er er (or (or .oo .oo ), ), s'e/i.y s'e/i.y len& len& % % desired desired
>>:2 "!ron /
29 Centennial Road Orangeville Ontario L9W 1R1 Tel:(519)941-8161 Fa :(519)941-8164 1-8!!-265-9161 """#i$$ontrol%#$o& %ale%'i$$ontrol%#$o&