98

vol. XVIII

no. 6 (2013)

METALURGIA INTERNATIONAL

EVALUATION OFTRANSFORMATIVE HERMENEUTIC HEURISTICS FORPROCESSING RANDOMDATA

DraganZ DuIRIil, BorisDELILBASIaI, Stevica MDISIC' runiversilyofBelgade, Serbia" '?Healtl "Siari Grad",Serbia Centr
Keyword: datamining,mndomness studis, hermeneulic heurisiics,EU suppod

Prot PhD Drasan Z DUIRIe

Prof. PhD

BorisDELILBASIC

Docloral student StevicaRADISIC

Abstract: lrs inpmved understanding and pmper applicatioh of simubtion modelsfor taious domains,fom e-governnent to e-learning is an appmpnate riddk. In lhis sigtjLcant pper,te incrcasingly hdentahd ho\a randotnized heuristic algorithnx coud be unetpectedly applied to the thtutttw processtne-o| tundom dan in a novel vay. While such a claim might seemcounterintuitive, it is suppoied by pior rele.r'anteork ih thts th ving JieA. Wedescribe a robust conceptual tool for salving this pronising cha enge using trahsforhatilte hermeneutic hetistics lor ptucessing nhdon data. Accodingly, the main faca of our trork is, obriausly, *e enluation of such methadolog on an encouruging and intriguing subject of Jinding in vhLch ways people in an insuficienny developed country see the oid provided by Eunpean Conmunit!. This i ustratire case clearly denonstrutesot prohund approach, and, thus\, is a conpellihg foundatiok for f"tte inprcwnents ofthe nethodoloe,. In fact, ke nain contribution of our work b that we aryue that althotgh a tuhdoh ptacess night catry a slight risk of being insuffciently rclewnt for the prcblem at hand, the solution to any such cohuhdrun coud be lurcly lookd for in a muhi.lisciplinary apprcach. 1. INTRODUCTION The rapid developmentof information and communication technologyin recent decadescreatesa huge pressureon large business and government organizations on one hand,and rhe huee incentive on the olher hand,to improvethe decisionprocess. In facl, ferv informationtheoristswould disagreewith the investigation of advanced process. simulatioralgorithmsfor improvingthe dcision Unforiunately, a lypical quandaryin the practical application oflhe theoryenvisiond by academia is how to selectthe simulation oflhe rpresentative environment. The subjectis fuftherin!rpolated inlo an axiom of mndornness that includesprocessing as a totalily of processes. inter-related However,somrecn!studiesimply that the demerit in a correlalion of a sample and an actual model is responsible for the degradalionof rhe quality of inferenceand reliabilityofconclusions, but only ifthe premiseof inteFrlatedness couldnot be sulficientlydecided. Probabilistic transformative heuristics and white-box implementation approachhave garneredtremendous interes!from both infornation scientistsand management theorisrsin the last severalyenrs. Some investigatorsagree that simularion drrough generating randomdara is an interestiognew topic in ahefield of informationdiscovery, and more and more researchers concur On the sceptic sidq manyscientists would agreerhat,badit not beenfor the necssity of providing meaningtul results, many of xisting solutions would be self-suflicient, and, sensing this, we set to show ihat randomness is indeed often used as an opportunistic "golden ' standardof appositeness io furtherrecyclethesubject al hand With suchgoal in mind, we experimented with a posr-modem multidisciplinary approachthat has shown reliable utility in many publishedresearchin recent years: we adapteda highly adapiive method for identirying, generating, seleciing, sampling and processingdata using various heuristics. These multi-purpose heurislics are further mixed and combinedin a randomway using our transformativ hrmeneulic approachand analyzei to identiry ihe conclusionsthat should be of highest urility for a selecred puryose. The implications of transformalive herme.eutics hayebeen faFreachingand pewasive for transgressing the boundariesof nultiple disciplinesin many areas of science,thus giving it a lhoroughmultidisciplinary approach Error: Rcfcrencesource not The main themeofrhis papris, accordingly, an evaluation of the techniqueon a wll-known example of finding a sentiment towards a well-known and coniroversial subject in a given popularion. groupof We chose a caseofinvestigatinghow a selected faclors migltt conelate with lhe wiliingness to support laking ElropeanUnion aid in a given undeveloped country andappliedthe fi-ansformative hermeneutic helrisijcs to find an array ofintriguingly fin results. The rest ofthis paperis organized as follows.We motivate the need for random information processing with transfornrative hemreneutic heuristics. We placeour work in contextwith the related work in this area W disconfirmthe analysis ofmodel checkirg.We briefly exposethe details of our heuristic model. We discussour evaluation methodin detail. In the end,we conclude2. PREVIOUS WORK Our work has been inspiredand directly foundedon various astonishingresarchby intellectual giants in various interesting filds of social science and gactically conducted and supported by fteadvancesin mullipletechnical disciplines, thusgiving this work a vefitablemultidisciplinary aura-We placeour work in contextwith the prior work in several nultidisciplinaryareas. After years of obviously important meta-research inlo tremendouslyhetrogenous set of researchprojects, we could argMbly demonstsate thal the key foundationon which the whole processmight resi could be the very processof acquiringand selecting datato base the research upon.The mostflexiblewayshave been proposedby data scientists, and one that might b selecied, regardless ofwhethef it is sonething,is selecting &ta randomly. The conventional methodoften aJbitrarilyusedir laboratory[3] as well in indusEy n2l is rolling the dice. Many more complex methods exist, such as generalingpseudo-rardom data 031 by computrs,

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gathering ofexhaustingfild reallyrelevant databy varjousmethods research [7]. Il7l, or readingdatafrom variousopendatarepositories AII other things being equal,we take tbe addilionalefforl to make format. sureihat the datais in a convenient data,we baseour As for the challenge of actuallyprocessing Lisp in computer scienc. implementation on the following advances Ianguage thal dynamiccomputerprogramming is a well esiablished ies*rch. Ir is hasbeenusedfor a long time in artificial intelligence in the arguablyunpopular, but it gainsmore and more prominence past few years. lt may be not absolutly required for our imDlementation. but we choose to use the lools tha! we know well. lt funcrional sryle. canbe usedin both imperativeand Nexl, Octave-This fine program for all kinds of nunerical crunchingmight, similarly to Lisp, be an overkill for our purpose, well-crafled but it comesvr'itha limitless toolbox of asronishingly in its favor. visualanalysistools, so we vr'eighed algorithmsand itsell many previousand contemporary As for the beuristics entirelyon the research field are based approaches in this inleresting lhat randomness and the decidabilityare not in conflict assumption themeof ln a sense. the characterislic with the evaluationDrocessthis dual model is not desemioticisrn,but postdesmioticism. Accordingly,we categorizedinsufficiendy supportingsourcesas our use of selfleaming A litany of previouswork sup'ports is broadlyrelatedro work in the field archetypes [8]. Our heuristics by SokalError! Referencesource not found., but ofhermeneutics a we view it from a new perspectiverandomtheory [6] suggested scheme for analyzing something bul did not tully realize the implicationsof evolutionaryprogramming at lhe time. Thus, if throughput is a concern, our approach has a clear advantage.Fudher, several key an analysis ofsomelhingproposed by [4] fails to address issues lhat ou. fmmelvorkdoesfix. Though we havenothingagaitst lhe previousapproach by 061 and Sun [17], we do not believethat is applicable purposes. solution to relevant Ifone examines the previousrelatedwork, one is facedwith a paradigms choice:eilher rejed rhe subrandom or concludetbal lhe turther venture to scholasricism is needed. The model is contexrualised into a complexnanativethat includesnaffativityas a reality. However,the premis ofsimulation theoryslatesthat rnodel, ironimlly, hassignificance, but only ifthe analysis ofthe superseded paradigmis valid: if lhat is not rhe case, we can assumetha! discourse comesfron the model itself For l8l this quesliondoes not reallyexist.. 3. TEOUGHTS ON METHODOLOGY practicein many Followinglhe usualand by now wll-spread paprsof great academic circlesof producinginsignificantresearch importanceto pseudo science, our researchaims at identi&ing "ground truth" for undecidabilib,, and, however,this researchis principled. Ratherthat rely on the overly-rasoned. wide-sprad us of scientificapparatus, without considemtionof randomness, we inventthe followirg architecture. Sincq obviously,representative daia is oflen expensive and diffcult to providq we conducteda multidisciplinary programming programming simllation, using Worid Wide Web and a slatistic-al liblary to provide random, well-definedpopulations on which the variousmethodsof data mining are used !o discovera plethoraof delicaielylookingresults. Lakshminarasimhan's 'surroundeddistancespreading,our new heuristic for processing the randomly provided populations, could be solution to all of these gand challenges. For examplg many algorit}ms observe inlerposable archetypes. We view transgressive processing hermeneutic as following a cycle of four phases: analysis,processing, provision,and observarion Ghown in Fig. l). This isa compelling propertyofour approach.

Fig.1.TH Processing

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on whereto is lhe decision The final brick in our architecture feed the data to our system, whether it should be fd to analysis or to all phases. This conflict is unstable It exhibits the conlexluaiized is a itlconfiglrationlanguage effect.Sincean analysis sub-dialectic isused to guidetbe processing, the processing language for analys-ts, and generated graphical reprsentation gives the opportunity for obsrructed obsrvation, an integrativenodeling tool that is hard ro learn has a fatal and self-reinforcing disadvantagein lhis coniexl. Thus, it is clear that our solution has to be easy to learn in order to attract widespreadusage, and, threfore, it is obvjous that the more places could be alteredwith inpul, lhe morflexible the architecture method. i1is.However,we choseto set onthe"input everywhere" 4. IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDf,R{TIONS

itcould is based on lhe samegrounds, Sinceour methodology the implementation should be be established that undrsranding relalively straightforward. Therear manyapproaches for dalaanalysis suchasBaysian, givs ofmany approaches andftequentist theory. The very existenc possibilities fo. new theoriesto emerge. As all theories might have to queslionany ofthese.It is very expected flaws il isnotunexpected thatmostof the resuhsgainedfrom scientificresearch would haveto nany After thoroxgh literature review and disseminating theories,lve might proposea ne\{ theory,possiblysuperiorio all others. The main concerns would be that manyof lhe theories widely after facing accepted by lhe communitywill be lhorouglrlyreviewed the findingsofhermeneutic heuristics for processing mndomdaa. What makes a differenc belwen good and bad data?Surely randomness might give a dismantled view whelherdata shouldbe usedasan argument for scientifichypothesis. We might give an obviousexample Why is Hannukah spelled in so many ways?hobably bcause there is noi a singleway lhis might be pronounced.That is why hermeneulicheuristicsfor processing randomdatacould possiblymakea difference We hypothesize that each component of Bayes probabilistic lheory, irdependentol all other omponents. Nex! any robust emulation ofBayesianapproach will clearlyrequireihat soft probing and lambdacalculus are generallyircompatible;randomness is no different The methodologyfor herneneuticheuristics consists of four independent components: the datagenerators, datatransformerq argonautic tres andthe evaluator analysis, ofgenerated results. Rather than caching higbly-available archetypes! the ftequentisttheory choosesto prevent the synthesis of argonautic trees.Despitethe fact that simulationiheoristsmostly assume the exact opposile,our approachdependson .his propertyfor correct behaviorNext, despite the resullsby [18]., we can denonstrate that recursive randomnessoptimized approach and decision-support mixrscancooperale to fulfill this purpose. Fur$ermore. in addition. the usual methods for the understanding of lambda{-alculus do not apply in this area.Thusly, theory and ubiquitousalgorithms interferein order to realize the simulalionof model-to-model converters. Our losic follows a new

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model: performancereally matters only as long as sinplicity constraints takea backseat to complexily. enuneraled W next tum to minutiaeof the implementation aboveThe carefuland insightful readermighl note how rolling out dice rather than emulaling them in hardwareproducelessjagged, sparselyreproducibleresuhs. Bugs in our system causedthe Furlher, note how unstablebehaviorlhroughout ihe experimnts. reusing heterogeneous systems ratherthan emulating tbem in soft*are produce smoother, more resulrs. reproducible Bugs in Laslly,we discuss the secondhalfofour experinents. the experiments. caused the unstable behavior ahroughout our system On a similar note, witlessnessin supportingtheory causedthe However,it couldnot unslabl behaviorthroughout the experiments. do not contrastto thoseseen in be noted lhat {hese observations work sucbas seminal treatises recenllypublished.earlier 4. EVALUATION As we will soon see,the goals of.his sectionar manifold. contributionin a valuableresearch Our evaluatjoncould represent andofitsell resultscamefrom 2500 tsial runs,and The firs1experimental wereho! reproducible.The next batchofresults comefrom only 50 trial runs,and were not reproducible. Continuingwith this rationalg ihe many discontinuities in the graphspoint lo improvedprecision at inlroducedwith our decisiontre algorithms.Such a hypothesis first glance seemsunexpected but fell in line \yith our expeotations. As hypothesizd, the final run was sufiiciently consistenl which shows the usefulconvergence ofour heurislicsIs it possible to justiry having paid little attentionto our Yes,but only in theory. Our implementatioo andexperinenlalseiup? evaluatjon strives to male these points clear. With these consideniions in mind, we ran eight novel visual analysis experiments. Now for the visual analysisof the experimen!l. In line wiih the proposed methodology, we randomly chosea set of l0 highly important parameterswhich were configured into our heuristic algorhhm: . mployment status . spouse occupation
. wife's occuDation

lostjob ofAge on no. oftimes a person Fig. 2. Correlation ofan Figure 3 has beenused as a clear visual rpresentation It puts the interestingconelalion that our algorithm discovered. patterns liom Figure2 in brighterlight iom the heuristic discovered &orn Figure2 wth prspective. rhe pattems Figure3 cross-references a new insightful view. More thoroughanalysisis ho\, the altitude losl iis on the numberoftines a person to\rrdsthe EU is dependent joband the persons age-

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lostajob with ofage on no. a iimesa person Fig.3. Correlation attitudestowards EU support

. life quality index . TVexposure . spouse educalion . wife education . suppons EU aid ln Figure2 we presenlthe visual resultsofthe analysis of a g.oupof importantparameters. To makeour conclusions even more understandable, the dara has been properly normalizedin the [0,1] rangeto excludethe bias that could endanger lhe lift ratio of the The histogram has been logically divided in four panels, which could representnatural clusters in da!a. The first graph the crucial relationship,which could answeran imponant analysed research issue, and that could be whelher there is a relationship betwena person'sage and how much time that personhas los! job. A pos;tiveconclusionhere, would give an increasingly her/his insightfulview on how a person's agehasa positiveconelationwith the number of times a person has lost her/hisjob. The nesative conclusion, althoughexpected, would indicate rhatthereare negative panerns of behavior individuals ofsociety influenced

In Figure4 we proceed wilh a more profoundanalysis on the a$itude touards the EU aid. Several factors have been put in this singlefigure, but still it is very lucid and intuitive.The faclorsthat in this visualization were lhe wives'and were cross-analyzed TV exposure, Life quality index,andth opinion spouses' education, wift high on EU help. It could be possibly said ihd TV exposure wife educationand low spouseeducation,influencesa positive opinion on the EU. Therefore,in the sameveiq when thre is a distinctivesetup,high spouseeducation, and low wifes education, Moreovet this the conc,usion could be lead in the similar direction. fudher resarchmight give a better perspectiveon how this conelation chanses overtime.

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Ihe web diagramshown in Figure5 showsthe conelation of majority ofthe faciorthat our heuristics idenrified the representarive as imporlani This makesa perfectbasisfor settinghypolheses for furtherevaluation.The thicker a line is, the slronger the relalionship btween the factors is. One can clearlv see that there mishl be no

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sense to analyze the relationship between religion and wife occupation, wherefor selecled inteiligentalgorirhmswould makea perfectsense to analyse the relationship between employmenr status andreligion.

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Fig. 6. Performance ofthe decisiontreenodel in Fig. ? The decisiontree model proposedin this paperis shownin Figure 7. It clearly presents ihe proposedmodel, which might be usfuI to EU analysts,but also to theoristswho mighr judge the yalidityof this modelusingthe new proposed heuristics-

Fig.5. Webdiagmmdepictingstrengtofcorrelarionbetween

The proposed outiing-edge decision tree model has outshnding performances according to chosen parameters. From Figure 6it should be cle3r whether it is much better to use the proposed model or to make random guesses The lvel of randomness in the data is positively uninportant for our algorithm whicbis in all circumstances differentthanthe randomness line.

Fig. 7. Decisiontreemodel

Thesejoumals are on iSI Web Journal Expansion Europ$n lrtto:;srsrbo*no$ledee-conrbroductsro0lsj rulridis.iolinnoi*ebofscience..conrenrexl),ier:

URGIAINTERNATIONAL

e d d c a t i o n 4 s d W i f c s e d u . r D o= n4 & d J o b s l o s r- . ] . 5

Wfes educaion= I andEholoved = I &d Lile odalirv,ndex 1

It couldbe arguedwhetherit might become a well established fact thatthe research proposed in this paprrevaled rules lhat could help siakeholders in the process.6fintegation lowards the EU 10 betler understand what areth obstacles in this impodantprocess. TableI showsl0 rulesthat were discovered. Threeevalualion measures wereused. These are: I Suppo.l presentsthe percentage of data that that are coveredby the antecedent of ihe rule. E.g. For Rule 7 9.03% of familieshaveAge>44.5andReligion= L 2 Confidenceshowsthe percenogeofrules that underthe condition thatthe antecedent is satisfied, satisfyalsothe Consequent. E.g. in Rule 8: From 10.78%of familiestha! haveAg>44.5 suppon in 67.93r/a theEU. 3 Liit Ratio:showsthe strength ofthe proposed rule IfLifi ralio is equal l, there is no conelalion betrveenantecedent and consequent, howeverif the ratio is bigger than i then there is a correlation, the biggerthe better Ifthe lift is smallerthan l, this may indicate a negativecorrelationbetweenantecedent and consequent. E.g In Table 1 all rules are sorling in descending order liom the mostsurprising to the le-asr surprising rule. 5. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we confirmed in our research thar the muchtoutedtransformative hermeneutic heuristicscould be an excellent solutionfor processing randomdata-Many randomtheories cometo prominence,and lransfo.mative hermneutic heuristics, when analyzed in a semanliccontexl is no exception to tha! rule. In facr, th main conlributionofour work is that we aqued that alrhougi a random processmight carry a slight risk of being insufficiently relevantfor the problem at hand, the solution to any such riddl coDldbe surelylookedfor in a multidisciplinary approach. Not only thal, but we showedhow the resultsof applying such mthodology correlalewith the previouslypublishedrsults,and how they are clearly in line. Finally, we give interestinglylooking resultsofa studyandshow how they could be presnred in a visuallyapp*ling 6. REFERENCtr V S. Aleksic, V Babic, J. Eri.. "Why chatizda nauea? llf Donination of cha snatic leadeship style in Serbina enterytize!'. Technics Technology EducationManagement, 7 (2) pp.698-tO6, 2012. T. Brnoufli. "Rahdohnessnethods in algebraic algebru". l2l Journal of Iranian Homological Combinatorics,8 pp. I56,191, November 2012. M, Cfiord and B. Euygens. "Galais Probability Theory",. [3f Oxford University Press, 2005 L. Chorbachev, P. Meioy, K. Iliyevich, M. Hill. I4l "Randonhe$ Considercd HarnJuI , Proceeding of Joint Technics, Technology, Engineering andManagement Conference, May 2001. J. Dadit, Z. Bogdanovid,M. Radenkovi{, D. Mezinjanin, Isl B. Jovt^ie: "Developinq a Mu|ifaceted Modef for Scafading Inlomation Mahagenent in E-Gotemment Sl,rrem", Metalurgia International, l7 (12), pp. 140-147,2012 16l B. Ddekind and B. Laplace- "Elehent: of logical truth, Frcn Leibniz to Radojeyic". Proceedingsof the Joint Somali Conference on PotentialTheory pp.304-374, andPragmatic Pmctic, February 2013.

P. Darboux and R Jacobi. "p-Adic Nuhber Theory". [7] Cambridge UniversityPress, 2001. N. Dcsarguesand S. Milosevic. "On ConstructireGrcup l8f Theory". Spi,nEet, 1998. M. Ebibi, B, Ftaji, M. Petzji. "Expe Based Learnins [9] (EXBL) Methodolos/ fur Det'elopins Mobile Expelt laaning Khov,ledge Management Softu arc Systen", T'lF)\4,7(2) pp. 86487s,2012. X. J. Hrrris, and R. JeremyI10l R. Garcir, M Prez-Gomez, "On completeness methodl ih trukrductii)e sfsten theoryr'. " Transactions of the ChineseMathematicalSociety,22 pp.83-107, Lpril1992. Eol, "rre epistenologies of Ull T. Dzimidzic,B. Sagdiyev,A.S.-fechnical p.e@n 4603/4343, the dice, a prcctical cotlsiderations." INtitute of Science, An andManagement, 2008. U2l E. Gupta, Q. Wilson, and M. Jackson. "Sone niteness rcsults Ior conbinatotially elliptic scalars". koceedings of lhe PolishMathematical 20 pp.l408'1443,January Society, 2000. [13] Earris and M. Gernain. "Hemeheutics ahd tundomners, Jion theory to ptuctice". Soulh American Statisticalfucbives, 2 pp.13-93 , July2007. [14] G. Ito. "Pairwise subverciye white-box theory for decisionnakinq'. Joumal of Stochastic Category Theory, 3:301-365, September 2000. Itsl G Miloslvljevi{, Z. TanaskoviC, Z. A{imovi{-Pavlovi{. " Trantition Inluencing Strcss of Enplayees in Selbid', Metal\xgia International, 17(?), pp.222-228,2012. 116l K. Peano,D. P Suzuki, B. Shannon,H. Supaporn.'Srue rcversibility results for commutative, continuous, simply pseudointinsic categorie! . Transactions on mathematical foundations of management, 5(57) pp.55,68,2007. JtTl R, Schultz, P. Schteiner, "lntegral ilLogic". Jo!lnal of ModrnIilogical StudiesChapter Bi Foundations andEvaluations,2

mith, S. Siiffmekter, , K L no L pp 13-27,2011 I20l Sokal, 4.. "Transgrcssihg the Bouhdaries: Towards a Tanslonnatiye Hemeneutic of Quantwn Theory". Social'fext. t996. [21] T. Sveznadar. "Understanding Sprca^heelt". in Ne|t perspectives in industrial engineeringChanganar, 2012. t22l G W \\^n9." Deconstructing aryonautic trces'. In Proceedings of IPTPS,Apr 2004. [23] M. Weber, "A guide to nanagementpructice", Vletside publishing, 2003. J24l S, Whighli and J. Stubinz. "Deconsttucting Digilal-toAhalogConvefters". 125) T. Zh^o and E. gamilton. "Elenentary Lineat Poten oL The ory". Bikha\ser, 2008. Correspondence to: Dragan DUIRIC drrsnndjaE-li1n bq.ac.rs. Universityof Belgrade, Serbia

Thesejournals are includedon ISI WbofknowledgeregionalJournal Expansion European Union 20lO, multidisciplinary fields }tlt:xisi$ebolkno\|ledqe.contproducts lools,i ullidiscipLin.r\iwebo[.icience]conterleyp,eu,J