CDP Jabalpur English

JABALPUR CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL URBAN RENEWAL MISSION
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT PREFACE SECTION I: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SECTION II: EXISTING CITY PROFILE 1.
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.4.5 1.4.6
CITY PROFILE
ABOUT JABALPUR LOCATION LINKAGES AND CONNECTIVITY PHYSIOGRAPHY AND LANDFORM TOPOGRAPHY DRAINAGE GEOLOGY CLIMATE AND RAINFALL WIND DIRECTION MCJ AREA AND PLANNING AREA 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 8 9 9
2.
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3
DEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL PROFILE

POPULATION GROWTH TREND POPULATION PROJECTION POPULATION DENSITY OTHER DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS SEX RATIO LITERACY RATE AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD SIZE 10 11 12 13 13 13 13
3.
3.1 3.2
ECONOMIC PROFILE
WORKFORCE PARTICIPATION INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY 14 15
_____________________________________________________________________ 0
MUNICIPA L CORPORATION JABALPUR
3.3 3.4
TRADE AND COMMERCE TOURISM
17 17
4.
4.1 4.2 4.3
PHYSICAL PLANNING AND GROWTH MANAGEMENT

SPATIAL GROWTH TRENDS SPATIAL DISTRIBUION OF POPULATION LANDUSE 19 19 21
5.
5.1 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.1.5 5.1.6 5.1.7 5.1.8 5.1.9 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 5.2.6 5.2.7 5.2.8 5.2.9 5.2.10 5.2.11 5.2.12 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.4
CITY INFRASTRUCTURE
EXISTING TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION VEHICLE POPULATION AGENCIES IN TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION. TRAVEL CHARACTERSTICS ELEMENTS OF TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION. PUBLIC TRANSPORT / MASS TRANSIT TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AND CIRCULATION INTER - CITY BUS TRANSPORT INTERMEDIATE PUBLIC TRANSPORT PARKING WATER SUPPLY WATER SUPPLY PROJECTS KHANDARI RESERVIOR AND GAUR RIVER WATER SUPPLY PROJECT PARIYAT DAM AND PHAGUA NALLAH WATER SUPPLY PROJECT NARMADA RIVER WATER SUPPLY PROJECT OTHER SOURCES WATER ALLOCATION DETAILS WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES WATER DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENT INTERNAL DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS QUALITY OF WATER SUPPLIED QUALITY OF WATER AT SOURCE QUALITY OF WATER IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM SEWAGE DISPOSAL MEANS OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL HOUSEHOLD TOILETS PUBLIC TOILETS SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 23 23 24 26 27 29 30 31 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 36 36 38 40 40 40 41 41 41 42 43
_____________________________________________________________________ 1
5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.3 5.4.4 5.4.5 5.4.6 5.4.7 5.4.8 5.4.9 5.5 5.5.1 5.5.2 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.5.5 5.5.6 5.5.7 5.5.8 5.6 5.6.1 5.7 5.7.1 5.7.2
QUANTITY OF WASTE GENERATED CONSTITUENTS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE CURRENT PRACTICES OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT. WASTE STORAGE & SEGREGATION PRIMARY COLLECTION AND SECONDARY PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL REUSE AND RECYCLING VEHICLES FOR SOLID WASTE COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION ESTIMATION OF WASTE COLLECTION STORM WATER DRAINAGE EXISTING DRAINAGE SYSTEM MAJOR WATER BODIES PRIMARY DRAINS SECONDARY DRAINS TERTIARY DRAINS FLOOD PRONE AREAS FLOODING IN CATCHMENT AREA OF UKHARI NALLAH FLOODING IN FOOT HILLS OF MADAN MAHAL HILLS. STREET LIGHTING EXISTING SITUATION FIRE SERVICE VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT FOR FIRE FIGHTING AND RESCUE OPERATIONS OPERATIONAL SYSTEMS
43 45 46 47 47 50 50 51 52 53 53 53 53 55 56 56 57 58 59 59 61 61 62
6.
6.1 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6
URBAN POOR AND THEIR ACCESSIBILITY TO BASIC SERVICES

POVERTY IN THE CITY SLUMS IN JABALPUR GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SLUM STATUS OF SLUMS LOCATION OF SLUMS CONCENTRATION OF SLUM LOCATION AND POPULATION LAND OWNERSHIP & TENURE STATUS UNIDENTIFIED SLUMS AND HOMELESS 63 63 64 66 66 67 69 70
_____________________________________________________________________ 2
POPULATION. 6.7 6.8 URBAN BASIC SERVICES IN SLUMS SERVICE LEVELS IN SLUMS 70 71
7
7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.5.1 7.5.2 7.5.3 7.6 7.7
PUBLIC AMENITIES
SPORTS FACILITIES ENVIRONMENT CITY GARDENS AND RECREATION WATER FRONT DEVELOPMENT HEALTH FACILITIES BASIC HEALTH INDICATORS MEDICAL FACILITIES PROVIDED BY MCJ ROLE OF MCJ HEALTH PROGRAMS EDUCATION FACILITIES OTHER MUNICIPAL SERVICES FACILITIES 75 75 75 75 76 76 77 78 78 79
8.
8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6
INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
FRAMEWORK
AND
FOR
URBAN
80 81 81 82 82 83 85 86 88
URBAN ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT
DEVELOPMENT
TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING DEPARTMENT JABALPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT MADHYA PRADESH HOUSING BOARD MADHYA PRADESH POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
9. 10. 11.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT HERITAGE SITES CONCLUSION
_____________________________________________________________________ 3
SECTION III: CITY DEVELOPMENT VISION CITY DEVELOPMENT VISION SECTION IV: ACTION PLAN 1.
1.1 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5
89
ROAD TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

DEVELOPMENT SCENARIOS PLANNIG PERIOD POPULATION SIZE ECONOMIC BASE MOBILITY MODAL SHARE TRANSPORT SYSTEM 97 98 98 98 98 98 98
1.3 1.3.1 1.3.1 1.3.2
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES POPULATION DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY EMPLOYMENT DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY NETWORK DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
99 99 99 100
1.4
INNER CORDON
100
1.5
TURNING MOVEMENT ANALYSIS
101
1.6
PARKING CHARACTERISTICS
102
1.7
FLY OVERS AND RAILWAY OVERBRIDGE
103
_____________________________________________________________________ 4
1.8
ACTION PLAN
104
2.
WATER SUPPLY
105 105
2.1 2.1.1
SERVICE RESERVOIRS AND WATER SUPPLY ZONES PROPSED MASTER PLAN
2.2
INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES
106
2.3
CONCLUSIONS &RECOMMENDATIONS
107
2.4
FINAL SCENARIO
107
2.5
ACTION PLAN
108
3.
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2
MEANS OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL HOUSEHOLD TOILETS PUBLIC TOILETS
110 110 111
3.2
NEED FOR THE PROJECT
111
_____________________________________________________________________ 5
3.3
PRESENT SEWERAGE SYSTEM
111
3.4
DESIGN PERIOD
112
3.5
RATE OF SEWAGE GENERATION
112
3.6 3.6.1
PROPOSED MASTER PLAN SEWAGE SCHEME FOR THE CITY
112 112
3.7
RECOMMENDATIONS
114
3.8
FINAL SCENARIO
114
4.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
116
4.1
ACTION PLAN
117
5.
STORM WATER DRAINAGE
118
5.1 5.2
THE SCOPE OF THE WORK ACTION PLAN
119 122
6.
URBAN POOR
_____________________________________________________________________ 6
6.1 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.4 6.1.5
OPTIONAL ELEMENTS FOR PROGRAM DESIGN ENSURING COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION BUILDING EFFECTIVE COMMUNITY BASED ORGANIAZTIONS ADOPTING A NEED BASED APPROACH ADOPTING APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY AT LOW COST INVOLVING THE PRIVATE SECTOR
123 124 124 125 126 126
6.2 6.2.1
ADDRESSING THE ISSUE OF FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY COST RECOVERY
127 127
6.3
DEVELOPING SYSTEMS
AND
SUPPORTING
MICROCREDIT
128
6.4
CREATING A RELIABLE DATABASE ON URBAN POVERTY IN CITY
128
6.5 6.5.1 6.5.2 6.5.3
POLICY FOR HOMELESS POPULATION RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION OF DISPLACED COMMUNITY INTEGRATING NEEDS OF THE POOR PLANNING ACTIVITIES UTILIZING FUNDS AVAILABLE FOR SLUM AND SHELTER
128 129 129 129
_____________________________________________________________________ 7
6.5.4
ESTABLISHING APPROPRIATE INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR SERVICE DELIVERY TO THE POOR
129
6.6 6.6.1 6.6.2 6.7
CONVERGING DIFFERENT SECTORAL PROGRAMS ESTABLISHING AN INDEPENDENT REGULA-TORY FRAMEWORK SCALING UP FROM NEIGHBORHOOD LEVEL TO CITY LEVEL ACTION PLAN
130 130 130 130
7.1 7.2 7.3
7.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT DEVELOPMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT OF HILLOCKS DEVELOPMENT OF GARDENS ACTION PLAN 131 132 132
8.
PRESERVATION UP GRADATION- DEVELOPMENT OF WATER BODIES AND WATER FRONT DEVELOPMENT

134 134
8.1 8.2
WATER FRONT DEVELOPMENT ACTION PLAN
9.
9.1
PUBLIC AMENITIES
135
SPORTS
_____________________________________________________________________ 8
9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5
AUDITORIUM AND CULTURAL CENTRE CREMATION GROUNDS CONSTRUCTION OF WORKING WOMAN HOSTEL AND OLD AGE HOMES DEVELOPMENT OF VANAY PRANI VIHAR
135 135 135 136
SECTION V: REFORMS AND CAPACITY PLANNING 1.

1.1 1.2 1.3
CAPACITY BUILDING & REFORMS

RECOMMENDATION &IMPLEMENTION STRATEGY ACTION PLAN REFORMS 138 139 143
1.4
CONCLUSION
143
SECTION VI: INVESTMENT PLAN AND FINANCING STRATEGIES
1.
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
OVERVIEW
REVENUE ACCOUNT REVENUE INCOME REVENUE EXPENDITURE CAPITAL ACCOUNT CAPITAL INCOME 145 146 147 149 149
1.6 1.7 1.8
CAPITAL EXPENDITURE KEY FINANCIAL INDICATORS KEY ISSUES AND CONCLUSION
150 150 151
_____________________________________________________________________ 9
2.
2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.5 2.1.6
JABALPUR CITY INVESTMENT PLAN

PROJECT IDENTIFICATION BASIS FOR PROJECT IDENTIFICATION PROJECTS FOR SYSTEM AND INFRASTRUCTURE AUGMENTATION PROJECTS FOR SYSTEM AND INFRASTRUCTURE OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL PROJECTS SECTOR WISE PROJECT IDENTIFICATION AND COSTING FINANCING PLAN 153 153 153 154 154 154 155
3.
3.1
INVESTMENT PLAN
157
REVENUE ACCOUNT
3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.5.1 3.5.2 3.5.3 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10
KEY ASSUMPTIONS NON TAX SOURCES REVENUE EXPENDITURE CAPITAL INCOME GRANTS LOANS CAPITAL EXPENDITURE INVESTMENT PHASING SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT SCENARIO CASH FLOW STATEMENT INVESTMENT IN PERCENTAGE INVESTMENT PLAN
158 162 163 165 165 165 165 166 167 168 169 170
_____________________________________________________________________ 10
LIST OF TABLES
SECTION II: EXISTING CITY PROFILE
1.1 1.2 1.3 2.1 2.2 2.3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 4.1 4.2 GEOLOGICAL & SOIL FORMATIONS DETAILS OF RAINFALL CHRONOLOGY OF VARIATION IN JURISDICTION LIMITS OF MCJ POPULATION TRENDS IN MCJ POPULATION PROJECTIONS POPULATION DENSITY TREND IN MCJ MEAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME BY PERCENTILE (RS/MONTH) MEAN MONTHLY INCOME AND EXPENDITURE WORKFORCE PARTICIPATION IN MCJ (AS PER 2001 CENSUS) DETAILS OF SMALL &MEDIUM INDUSTRIES YEARLY TOURIST FLOW DISTRIBUTION OF WARDS BY POPULATION DENSITY RANGE VARIATION IN LANDUSE -1994
_____________________________________________________________________ 11
4.3 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22 5.23 5.24 5.25 5.26 5.27 5.28 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 7.1 7.2
PROPOSED LAND USE AS PER DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2005 VEHICLE POPULATION NUMBER OF VEHICLES REGISTERED BY TYPE AGENCIES INVOLVED IN FOR TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTION MODES OF TRAVEL AVERAGE TRIP DURATION ACCIDENT DETAILS SUMMARY OF ROADS AVERAGE DISTANCE OF BUS STOP FROM RESIDENCE CHRONOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM SOURCE-WISE QUANTITY OF WATER DRAWN BY MCJ DETAILS OF WATER ALLOCATION FROM VARIOUS SOURCES WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES AT MCJ WATER STORAGE FACILITIES SUMMARY OF WATER CONNECTIONS SUMMARY OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL/SANITATION FACILITIES IN MCJ ESTIMATION OF QUANTITY OF WASTE GENERATED IN MCJ SOURCE-WISE QUANTITY OF SOLID WASTE GENERATED IN MCJ CONSTITUENTS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE PRIMARY COLLECTION AND SECONDARY WASTE COLLECTION POINTS SALIENT FEATURES OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ZONES INVENTORY OF RAG PICKERS AND COLLECTION DEPOTS IN MCJ SUMMARY OF VEHICLE UTILIZATION FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SECONDARY DRAINS IN MCJ SUMMARY OF TERTIARY DRAINS IN MCJ FLOOD PRONE AREAS IN THE CATCHMENT OF UKHARI NALLAH FLOOD PRONE AREAS IN THE FOOTHILLS OF MADAN MAHAL HILLS SUMMARY OF STREET LIGHTS IN MCJ DETAILS OF VEHICLES FOR FIRE-FIGHTING AND RESCUE OPERATION LOCATION OF SLUMS ZONE WISE SUMMARY OF CONCENTRATION OF SLUMS POPULATION AND PROPORTION OF SLUM TO ZONE POPULATION 2001 NUMBER OF WARDS BY PROPORTION OF SLUM POPULATION ZONE-WISE NUMBER OF SLUMS BY LAND OWNERSHIP ZONE-WISE NUMBER OF IDENTIFIED SLUMS BY PROPORTION OF HOUSEHOLDS HAVING LEGAL TENURE BASIC SERVICES IN SLUMS IN ALL ZONES OF MCJ BASIC HEALTH INDICATORS OTHER FACILITIES PROVIDED BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATION
SECTION IV: ACTION PLAN

1.1 URBAN DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
_____________________________________________________________________ 12
1.2 1.3 2.1 3.1 3.2
PEAK HOUR TRAFFIC AT INTERSECTION MAXIMUM PARKING ACCUMULATION WATER SUPPLY ZONES AS PER SOURCE & WATER TREATMENT PLANTS SUMMARY OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL/SANITATION FACILITIES CAPACITIES OF INDIVIDUAL STPS
SECTION V: REFORMS AND CAPACITY PLANNING

1.1 1.2 LIST OF TRAINING PROGRAMS TRAINING PROCESS FLOW
SECTION VI: INVESTMENT PLAN AND FINANCING STRATEGIES

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2.1 2.2 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 SUMMARIZED MUNICIPAL FISCAL STATUS OF MCJ REVENUE ACCOUNT STATUS CAPITAL ACCOUNT FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE INDIATORS FOR MCJ SUMMARY OF SECTOR WISE INVESTMENT IDENTIFIED UNDER THE PROJECT PROJECT FINANCING OPTIONS PLAN FORECASTING INCOME FROM PROPERTY TAX FORECASTING INCOME FROM WATER CHARGES FORECASTING INCOME FROM DRAINAGE CHARGES FORECASTING INCOME FROM OTHER OWN SOURCES FORECASTING REVENUE EXPENDITURE BASIS FOR ADDITIONAL RECURRING EXPENDITURE DUE TO ENVISAGED CIP SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT SCENARIO
LIST OF FIGURES
1.1 1.2 2.1 2.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 5.1 5.2 LOCATION OF JABALPUR REGIONAL SETTING OF JABALPUR BASE MAP OF JABALPUR WARD BOUNDARIES AND ADMINISTRATIVE ZONES OF MCJ MAP DEPICTING THE URBAN SPRAWL- TIME SERIES MAP SHOWING WARD-WISE DENSITIES OF MCJ MAP SHOWING EXISTING (2005) LAND USE MAP OF JABALPUR SHOWING MAJOR ROAD NETWORK AND INTERSECTIONS MAJOR ROADS SHOWN IN JABALPUR DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2005
_____________________________________________________________________ 13
5.3 5.3A 5.4 6.1 P-1 P-2 P-3 P-4 P-5 P-6 P-7 P-8
MAP SHOWING WATER SUPPLY PROJECTS MAP SHOWING MAJOR COMPONENTS OF THE WATER SUPPLY PROJECTS ZONES SHOWING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LOCATION OF SLUMS MULTI-NUCLEUS STRUCTURE STRATEGY PROPOSED HIGH CAPACITY BUS SYSTEM CORRIDORS NETWORK STRATEGY PROPOSED WATERSUPPLY ZONES AS PERSOURCE AND W.T.P. SEWERAGE ZONES AND SEWERAGE TREATMENT PLANT PHASE ING OF SEWERAGE PROJECT CORE AREA SUPER IMPOSED ON MASTER PLAN TOPOSHEET NO. 55/M/16 FLOOD AFFECTED AREA
_____________________________________________________________________ 14
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Jabalpur city is located in the heart of the country having seen fabulous development in pre-independence era. After independence and reorganization of the Indian States the city could not keep pace with the development as it was seen in big cities of Madhya Pradesh. In the year 2005 the city with a glorious past is striving for development. The city has immense potential to be a centre of excellence in education, a tourist transit point, ideal location for warehousing and cottage industries. The city, however, is deprived of urban roads, facilities for pedestrians, transport system. Roads have thus become the top priority in city development plan of Jabalpur unlike cities where road network is fairly well developed. The city having million plus population does not have sewerage system thus causing environmental pollution and health hazards. Proper storm water drainage system has remained non-existent causing flooding of localities every year and damaging lots of properties and resulting in health hazards. Primary drains namely Omti Nallah and Moti Nallah flow across the city carrying waste water with sludge, injurious to health and environment. These two drains are proposed for channelisation with a proposal to cover in the core city area. This is the crying need of the day. The city is lucky to have the river Narmada, the life line of the city. The challenge is to recognize the structural transformation taking place in the citys economy. Hitherto the industrial landscape of Jabalpur was dominated by the large scale defence production establishments. With the passage of time, more especially in the last 20 years, they have shown a steady decline in so far as number of employed people in these establishments is concerned. Now there is a marked shift from these large scale manufacturing units to an enlarged informal sector and small-scale firms along with an increase in service and knowledge based industries. It is important to assess the impact of this change on the poor. Innovative policies and strategies are needed to enhance economic growth and generate employment for them. There is therefore a need to develop appropriate tools and methods for economic analysis of urban areas to provide a strong basis for policy formulation at the local level to make true the dream of the citizens of the Mahakaushal region through JNNURM project.
THE VISION STATEMENT TO DEVELOP JABALPUR AS REGIONAL GROWTH CENTER WITH IMPETUS AND OPPORTUNITY FOR INNOVATION IN SOCIAL, CULTURAL, ECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT. DEVELOP URBAN BASIC SERVICE LEVEL TO ALL BY 2011.
_____________________________________________________________________ 1
KEY ISSUES/ACTION PLAN

The Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur (MCJ) covers an area of 106.19 sq. km. Physical development is governed by the Jabalpur Development Plan, 2005 (JDP) prepared by the Town and Country Planning Department (TCPD). It covers 245.20 sq.km. The responsibility of implementation and development of plan proposals lies with the MCJ and the Jabalpur Development Authority (JDA). Jabalpur is a major trading and industrial centre. Primary drivers of its economy are the service sector (mainly public sector establishments) and trade and commerce. Manufacturing and processing industries especially household and small-scale engineering industries also contribute to the citys economy, though marginally. Chief industries are textile, telephone parts, furniture, building materials, ammunition and military hardware. The city also functions as a distributing centre for agriculture and its allied activities. A substantially large labour force is employed in bidi (local cigarette) manufacturing, a thriving cottage industry. The JDP has identified roads that need to be widened to decongest the city and ensure free flow of traffic. None of the proposals to widen the roads have been implemented. Further, new road proposals have remained on paper, primarily due to shortage of financial resources of implementing agencies, MCJ and JDA, and also due to the absence of a system to ensure responsibility and accountability. Coordination among different management agencies involved in planning and execution for traffic and transportation is also lacking. The total length of roads in Jabalpur is about 1,267 km, 85 per cent of which are municipal roads. JDA and Madhya Pradesh Housing Board (MPHB) have constructed 102 km of road in the colonies developed by them, and the PWD has constructed 63 km of roads as highways. There have been rampant encroachments, both permanent and temporary, significant proportion of slow-moving traffic and absence of pedestrian paths. This has resulted in reduced capacity of the roads, especially in inner-city and market roads. Road and intersection improvement works undertaken earlier do not adequately address geometric and safety aspects. A number of bottlenecks exist due to railway line intersecting the city in U shape and narrow bridges over primary drains. A comprehensive programme for development of road and transport has been conceived. Priority has been accorded to develop city bypass, arterial/sector roads as proposed in JDP, development of city roads with pedestrian facility, improvement of intersections, widening of railway underbridges, other bridges and flyovers to facilitate smooth flow of traffic. Transportation system for public transport is also proposed to be executed.
_____________________________________________________________________ 2
The citys water supply comes from both surface (Khandari reservoir, Gaur River, Pariyat dam, Phagua nallah and the river Narmada) and underground sources (tube wells, open wells and hand pumps). Currently, MCJ draws 138,110 MLD of water from the three surface sources and 22.73 MLD from 418 tube wells, 1053 bore wells and 100 open wells. MCJ supplies 36 MLD of water to bulk consumers outside its territorial jurisdiction. The internal distribution of water in MCJ is organised through 25 water distribution stations, each with a storage reservoir. The total storage capacity of the 25 storage reservoirs is 46.12 ML. About 33 per cent of the total 157.50 MLD of treated surface and untreated sub-surface water (151 MLD and 6.50 MLD, respectively) is supplied by MCJ. On completion of the augmentation of water supply of 120 mld, the total supply for city will be 270 mld which will be sufficient for the population and other demands up to 2025. Jabalpur does not have sewage system. At present night soil disposal is primarily through septic tanks and low cost sanitation (LCS) units, since a sewerage system is absent in the city. Sewage in some parts of the city is discharged into open drains, which is environmentally hazardous. Household latrines are conventional water-flush latrines and low cost sanitation (LCS) units, both of which involve individual on-site disposal systems. The proposed sewage scheme will benefit maximum population of the city. The scheme will fulfill the need up to 2025. It will also improve environment, health, aesthetics and basic service level of the city. MCJ is responsible for collection, transportation and disposal of all solid waste generated in the city. Transportation and disposal of untreated bio-medical and hazardous industrial waste are the responsibility of respective generators. Two of the eight sanitary zones are currently contracted to the private sector for collection and disposal of the solid waste, while municipal staff is employed to manage other zones. Primary sources/generators of solid waste in Jabalpur are local households, markets and commercial establishments, hotels, restaurants, and hospitals. Approximately 411 tons of waste is generated everyday at a rate of 432 gpcd. It is currently disposed through open dumping along a large water body called Ranital, located within the city. Solid waste will be collected and disposed off on landfill sites with scientific and mechanized tools. The city environment and health indicators will come at par with the desired basic service levels. The scheme is designed to fulfil the need for the next 20 years. Jabalpur is situated on the Deccan Plateau surrounded by a hilly terrain with dense forest cover. The drainage system in Jabalpur consists of a hierarchy of natural and man-made drains and water bodies. There are 6 primary drains, 173 secondary drains and 995 km of tertiary drains in Jabalpur. There are 10 major water bodies and several small ponds in the city.
_____________________________________________________________________ 3
The existing drainage system does not facilitate the drainage of storm water. The habitation in the low lying areas is affected by flooding. The proposed storm water drains will reduce the threat of flooding to citizens and property during the monsoon in Jabalpur city centre and will provide an improved living environment. MCJ executes works related with installation of new street light poles, including drawl of cables through the Madhya Pradesh State Electricity Board (MPSEB). It also provides for temporary lighting arrangements in case of fairs and festivals organized in the city. The city is divided into four street lighting operational zones: East, West, North and South Zones. Government and private institutions provide health services in Jabalpur. However, the urban poor generally utilize government hospitals, due to subsidized cost. MCJ manages 13 ayurvedic/unani dispensaries and 5 homeopathy clinics. The private sector manages 135 allopathic health care centres. Municipal Corporation is providing services in many other fields such as sports, cultural activities, restoration and protection of heritage structures etc. The locations for these developments have been identified and proposed to be executed in the city development plan. The population of the urban poor in MCJ as indicated in 2001 census is 2,75,544 i.e.28.96% of the total population. This is higher as compared with the national average of 21.25% and state average of 21.25%. The service level proposed to be provided to the urban poor is required to be upgraded to bring it at par with what is provided to other parts of the city. Special attention will be given to housing for the urban poor. It is important to structure and implement a programme to expose all levels of municipal staff to convince them of the need for change and hence need for relevant training and capacity building. The programme should highlight challenges that the Corporation is likely to face in the near future in terms of knowledge and skill gaps at different levels, demands of the reforms process, functional devolution, etc. The investment sustaining capacity of MCJ is ascertained based on a financial operating plan (FOP), which is essentially a 7-year (2005-06 to 2011-12) forecast of municipal income and expenditure, based on certain trend-based and revenue enhancement assumptions. Similarly the investment phasing of control investment is worked out and shown in investment phasing plan.
_____________________________________________________________________ 4
1. CITY PROFILE
1.1 ABOUT JABALPUR
Jabalpur city is part of the Jabalpur congregation comprising of Jabalpur city, Jabalpur Cantonment and Khamaria Township. This ancient city (traditionally also known as "Mahakoshal") is located in central India, in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Jabalpur city owes its cultural heritage to the Kalchuri Dynasty. It is said that Jabalpur assumed its name from Jaballi Patnam dedicated to sage Jaballi, who had made Jabalpur his base and had his ashram here. However, the derivation of Jabalpur from the Arabic word Jabal meaning hill or mountain appears more convincing, as the city is dotted and surrounded with hillocks and rock formations. Early history reveals that Tripuri village located about 6 miles from Jabalpur city enjoyed the status of capital during the Kalchuri Dynasty, which was at its zenith in 300 BC. Subsequently, during the Gond Dynasty, Garha, which now forms part of the city, attained the status of capital. Later, the city of Jabalpur became capital. Chausath yogini temple, Jabalpur
During the early British rule, the city assumed the status of Divisional Headquarter of the Central Province. Jabalpur cantonment was established in the latter part of the 19th century. This was followed by the establishment of Jabalpur Municipal Corporation in 1951. Gradually, with the establishment of the post & telegraph workshop, the Provincial High Court, defense establishments and several educational institutions, the city attained the status of regional center of the Mahakoshal region. Today, the city is prominent for the Government of Indias defense and military establishments that are located in and around the city. The College of Defense Management (formerly, Army Officers' School) and large factories like the Gun Carriage Factory, Ordinance Factory, Vehicle Factory, Grey Iron Foundry, EME Workshop, Central Ordinance Depot, Signals Center and Army Area Headquarters are located here. Besides these, there is a large cantonment area within the municipal corporation limits. The population within the cantonment area and the premises of the three major defense establishments in and around the Jabalpur city limits is 1,08,269 as per the 2001 Census and population within the municipal corporation limits as per 2001 Census is 9,51,469. Jabalpur is also the seat of the Madhya Pradesh High Court, and is home to the Madhya Pradesh Electricity Boards headquarters, the Home Guards and other state and central government departments, including the Post and Telegraph Departments Workshop. The city is also a significant educational center with two universities - Rani Durgavati University and Jawaharlal Nehru Agriculture University.
_____________________________________________________________________ 5
The city is the district headquarters of Jabalpur district (third largest district in the state), and accounts for almost 44 per cent of the total district population (21.67 Lakh). It is also the divisional headquarters of Jabalpur division, which includes the districts of Jabalpur, Katni, Mandla, Narsimhapur, Chhindwara, Seoni and Balaghat.
1.2
LOCATION
Jabalpur lies on the banks of the Narmada River and sprawls over the plains of its tributaries Hiran, Gaur, Ken & Sone. Geographically, the city is located at 23o10' North latitude and 79o57' East longitude, at an altitude of 393 meters above mean sea level (MSL). Refer Figure 1.1 & Figure 1.2. FIGURE 1.1: LOCATION OF JABALPUR FIGURE 1.2: REGIONAL SETTING OF JABALPUR
1.3
LINKAGES AND CONNECTIVITY
Jabalpur City is connected to other parts of the state and country by road and railway line. National Highway No. 7 connecting Varanasi and Nagpur traverses the city from north to south. National Highway No. 12, leading to Jaipur links the city to Bhopal and the western part of the state and country. The city is also well connected to other regional nodes like Damoh, Dindori, Amar Kantak and Mandla by state highways. In terms of railway linkage, Jabalpur lies on the Mumbai-Kolkata (via Allahabad) trunk railway route and is the zonal headquarter for the railways. Jabalpur is also connected to Balaghat and Gondia towns by a narrow-gauge railway line, which is undergoing up gradation to broad gauge. However, in terms of connectivity by air, the city has limited options with only one flight operating between New Delhi and Jabalpur.
1.4
PHYSIOGRAPHY AND LANDFORM
1.4.1 TOPOGRAPHY
The topography of Jabalpur is unique. It is located on the banks of the perennial Narmada River, with rich forest in the vicinity, and a scenic landform dotted with low rise hills. The city is surrounded by low rocky and barren hillocks Karia Pather hills on the northeast, Sita Pahad and Khandari hills towards the east, and Madan Mahal hills and rock outcrops towards the southwest. The entire area of the city is hilly, with slopes differing in grade from 2 to 30 per cent.
_____________________________________________________________________ 6
The low hillocks, however, form a barrier for continuous development of urban form and restrict inter-links between various parts of the city. The lowlands stretch over the west and northwest of the city, with gradual slopes towards the northwest. The city is almost bifurcated by a central ridge running parallel to the railway line that girds the city in a horseshoe (U) shape. The ridge begins from the hills in the east and runs to the western side of the city. The plain on the northern side of the ridge gradually slopes from east to northwest, while the southern part slopes towards the south. This ridge has had a significant influence on the urban sprawl of the town.
1.4.2 DRAINAGE
The peculiar topography of the city provides an excellent natural drainage pattern. The central ridge, that is just parallel to the railway horse shoe which begins from the dwarf hills in the east and runs to the west. The drainage of the city is divided into two distinct parts i.e. northern portion and the southern portion. The northern plain gradually slopes from east to north-west while the southern part of the town slopes towards the south. The storm water of the central city is channelised through Motinala and Omtinala which passes through the city and ultimately discharges into Pariat River, which ultimately merges with Hiran River, a tributary of river Narmada at the down-stream of river. The southern side is drained off by Khandhari nallah which discharges into River Narmada towards south-west.
1.4.3 GEOLOGY
Jabalpur has a variety of soils formed by decomposition of fragmented quartz, feldspar and silica, which are mixed with alumina, iron, magnesia, lime and alkali the proportion being determined by the nature of the parent rock. Due to the hilly terrain of the city, rain water runoff washes nearly 75 to 80 per cent of topsoil and silt suitable for cultivation. Table 1.1 presents a summary of the geological soil formation in Jabalpur.
TABLE 1.1: GEOLOGICAL & SOIL FORMATIONS
_____________________________________________________________________ 7
S. No. 1
Sandy clay Fire clay Refractory soil 4 Strata Sandy clay with diversified variations Granite 5 Gravely sandy clay Source: Jabalpur Development Plan 1991
Geological Formation Sandstone Granite with partly trap Sandstone at depth & deposit of hard core soil Sandstone
Top Soil Sandy Coarse
Local Name Sehara
Location Lameta Ghat & Madan Mahal hills area Near Pariyat river Between Katni and Patan roads. Poly Pather Kanch Ghar Kundam road - near GCF area Near Jabalpur tank
Sandy silt Silty clay Silt & sandy clay
Barra Kaban Mund Domata ----
1.4.4 CLIMATE AND RAINFALL

CLIMATE The climate of Jabalpur can be divided into three distinct seasons, viz. Monsoon lasting from mid-June to September. Winter from November to February; and Summer from March to mid-June. The month of October witnesses the transition from monsoon to winter. The city experiences hot summers and cold winters, with temperatures ranging from an average low of around 9.8O Celsius to an average high of about 41.7O Celsius. Temperature during the peak summer month of May can soar to 47 degrees Celsius, while the lowest temperature recorded was 0O Celsius on 2nd December 1905. RAINFALL The rains usually break in the month of June, with the maximum number of rainy days experienced during the months of July and August. The average number of rainy days is 69, during which the city receives an average rainfall of 1,386 mm. Table 1.2 presents the summary of monthly rainfall received by Jabalpur during the last five years. TABLE 1.2: DETAILS OF RAINFALL Year 1999 - 00 2000 - 01 2001 02 1016.5 1221.3 2002 - 03 1175.9 2003 04 1775.3
Rainfall in 1473.9 mm. Source: Meteorological Department, Jabalpur
1.4.5
WIND DIRECTION
_____________________________________________________________________ 8
Winds are controlled by the shifting of pressure belts. They are predominantly from south-west during monsoon months. In the post-monsoon and winter, southernly and south-easterly winds prevail in the morning while in the afternoon winds blow from directions between east and north. In the summer months, winds blow from directions between south-east and north-west through south and west. Except during monsoon seasons, wind speed is generally light to moderate. In the monsoon months winds are stronger and, on a few occasions, reach the velocity at 40 to 50 k.m. per hour. In view of above observations, obnoxious industries can be located on the northern side of the city.
1.4.6
MCJ AREA AND PLANNING AREA
The territorial jurisdiction of the municipal corporation spans 106.19 sq. km. It may be noted that the area under the jurisdiction of the municipal corporation is not a function of its population growth or densities, but is dependent on other factors including political, administrative and development/urbanization of the urban fringe areas. The area under the jurisdiction of MCJ had remained almost constant at around 134 sq. km between 1961 and 1991, with very minor variations. However, in 1994, prior to the municipal corporation elections, 8 settlements/villages were de-merged from the MCJ limits. Table 1.3 presents the area under MCJs jurisdiction. TABLE 1.3: CHRONOLOGY OF VARIATION IN JURISDICTION LIMITS OF MCJ Year Municipal Area (Sq. Km) 1961 134.74 1971 134.68 1981 133.97 1991 133.97 2001 106.19 Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur Change in Area (Sq. Km) --0.06 -0.71 0.00 -27.78
The planning area of Jabalpur is notified as 245.20 SQ.KM. under MP Nagar tatha Gram Nivesh Adhiniyam 1973 and for preparation of CDP this area has been covered.
2. DEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL PROFILE
_____________________________________________________________________ 9
2.1
POPULATION GROWTH TREND

Population Trends in MCJ
The current (2001) population of Jabalpur is 10,99,576. The city has experienced relatively moderate growth rates in population during the last two decades- 1981-91 & 1991-2001 (20.80 and 28.24 per cent, respectively, compared to the 45 per cent decadal growth rates during 1951 to 1981.
10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 0.00
1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 -2.00 The sudden increase in population Year from 1951 may be attributed to the P o pulatio n (in lakhs) CA GR (% p.a) fact that the corporation was upgraded from the status of municipality and more area was added to its jurisdiction. In subsequent decades, there was a spurt in economic activity with the establishment of defense establishments and state government administrative establishments in Jabalpur, which led to significant in-migration to Jabalpur. Table 2.1 presents the population trends of Jabalpur from 1901 to 2001.
The population growth trends in Jabalpur do not depict any particular trend the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) during 1951 to 1981 was more or less stable at 3.7 to 3.8 per cent, while it dipped by almost half - to 1.91 per cent during 1981-91. The average growth registered during 1991-2001 was 2.52 per cent per annum. The reduced growth rates in population during the last two decades are attributed to the slow-down in the local economy, especially between 1981 and 1991. This is evident from the fact that the total workforce participation rate (main workers and marginal workers as a percentage of the total population) was stagnant at 27 per cent during 1981 and 1991. There appears to have been an upturn in economic activity between 1991 and 2001, when the workforce participation rate has risen to over 32.5 per cent. FIGURE 2.1- BASE MAP OF JABALPUR FIGURE 2.2: WARD BOUNDARIES AND ADMINISTRATIVE ZONES OF MCJ
TABLE 2.1: POPULATION TRENDS IN MCJ
_____________________________________________________________________ 10
Sl. Year Population 1 1901 90,316 2 1911 100,651 3 1921 108,793 4 1931 104,317 5 1941 140,227 6 1951 203,659 7 1961 295,375 8 1971 426,224 9 1981 614,162 10 1991 741,927 11 2001 951,469 Source: Census of India.
Decadal Growth (%) 11.44 8.09 -4.11 34.42 45.24 45.03 44.30 44.09 20.80 28.24
CAGR (%) 1.09 0.78 -0.42 3.00 3.80 3.79 3.74 3.72 1.91 2.52
2.2
POPULATION PROJECTION
The year-wise population of MCJ has been forecast up to the planning horizon 2021, using the trend-line method. The decadal population for the period 1901 to 2001 has been used as the basis for determining the trend line. A third degree polynomial trend line was found to have the most appropriate fit with the actual population during 1901 to 2001, and has been used as the basis for extrapolating the population to the planning horizon. The equation for the trend line derived is: Yn = 251.14*X^3 + 8089*X^2 - 45154*X + 142748, where Yn is the Projected Population for Year n X is the number of decades from the base year (1901), including the base year X= (n-1901)/10+1 For example, to derive the population of year 2011, =2025 X = (2011-1901)/10+1= 12 Population of 2011-Y2011= 251.14*12^3 + 8089*12^2 - 45154*12 + 142748= 1,199,686
TABLE 2.2: POPULATION PROJECTIONS
_____________________________________________________________________ 11
Sl. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2021
Projected Population 951,469 (Actual) 981,651 1,004,541 1,027,761 1,051,314 1,075,200 1,099,421 1,123,978 1,148,874 1,174,110 1,199,686 1,447,936
Growth Rate- % p.a. 2.52 (CAGR) 3.17 2.33 2.31 2.29 2.27 2.25 2.23 2.21 2.20 2.18
The decadal growth rate 2001 to 2011 works out to 26.09 per cent and the CAGR is 2.35 per cent, as against 28.24 and 2.52 per cent, respectively, during 1991 to 2001. The population figures are compared with the projections of other agencies and are found to be conservative when compared to the forecasts of the TCPD (Jabalpur Development Plan, 2005) and PHED (feasibility report on sewerage and sewage treatment for Jabalpur, prepared in January 2000). However, it is marginally higher than the forecast of M/S Enviro Consultants & engineers (detailed project report for energy recovery from urban, municipal & industrial wastes in Jabalpur, prepared in 1997).
2.3
POPULATION DENSITY
The current gross population density in MCJ is 8,960 persons per sq.km. (or 90 persons per Ha), up by 62 per cent from 5,538 (55 persons per Ha) in 1991. This increase is primarily due to the reduction in the area of the corporation resulting from the demerger of eight settlements from the Municipal Corporation limits in 1994. Though at the city level, the gross density is quite low, the core, inner areas of the city and some of the older areas are more densely populated than the fringe and hilly areas of the city. In general, the areas south of the central ridge/broad-gauge railway line are very sparsely populated. TABLE 2.3: POPULATION DENSITY TREND IN MCJ Year Population Area in Sq.Km. Population Density in Persons per Sq.Km. 1961 295,375 134.74 2,193 1971 426,224 134.68 3,165 1981 614,162 133.97 4,584 1991 741,927 133.97 5,538 2001 951,469 106.19 8,960 Source: Census of India.
% Increase in Population Density -44.32 44.83 20.81 61.79
2.4
OTHER DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS
_____________________________________________________________________ 12
2.4.1 SEX RATIO

The current sex ratio (female population per 1000 male population) in Jabalpur is 915, which is higher than the state urban average of 899 and national urban average 901. The positive factor is that, while the state and national average sex ratio has been declining, the sex ratio in MCJ has increased steadily from 853 in 1971 to 898 in 1991 and to 915 in 2001.
2.4.2 LITERACY RATE

The current literacy rate (percentage of literate population to the total population above 6 years of age) in MCJ is 84.87 per cent (male literacy rate of 90 per cent and female literacy rate of 78.93 per cent) higher than the state urban average of 79.67 per cent and national urban average of 80.30 per cent. This high literacy rate could be attributed to the fact that a significant proportion of the citys population belongs to the salaried class (Government servants) and also the fact that the city is home to two universities and several schools. The literacy rate in MCJ has been on the raise, having increased remarkably from 54 per cent in 1971 to 78.21 per cent in 1991 and to 84.72 per cent in 2001.
2.4.3 AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD SIZE

The total number of households in MCJ as per the 2001 census is 165,400. The average household size in Jabalpur works out to 5.75, which is quite high. The household size has been on the rise since 1971, when it was 5.17. Discussions with local authorities and councilors reveal that this is due to the higher household sizes in the slums the average household size in slums is about 6.76 where family planning has been poor.
3. ECONOMIC PROFILE
Jabalpur, which is a regional center and has good linkages by way of road and railway, has grown to become a trading and industrial center in the region. The city had a vibrant
_____________________________________________________________________ 13
industrial economy during 1950 to 1980, when production in the defense establishments located here was at its peak. However, this industrial character has been waning during the last two decades, reportedly due to reduced production at the defense establishments and the lack of scope for ancillary industries to the defense factories, which do not outsource production. Jabalpur houses the offices of the headquarters of several state and national level government offices, including the State High Court, State Electricity Board, Post and Telegraph Workshop, etc., offices of the district and divisional headquarters, and two large universities. A very large proportion of the citys workforce is engaged in these establishments, whereas a significant population is also involved in trade and commerce, which is primarily dependent on the service-class population employed in various offices in the city. This is clearly evident from the workforce participation structure of the city. The primary drivers of the economy of Jabalpur are the service sector (mainly public sector establishments) and trade and commerce. Manufacturing and processing industries, especially household and small-scale engineering industries, also contribute to the citys economy, though marginally. TABLE 3.1: MEAN (RS/MONTH) HOUSEHOLD INCOME BY PERCENTILE
Lowest Low Medium High Highest 3,593 6,475 10,430 21,527 Jabalpur 2,089 Source: IUD in MP GHK international report.
TABLE 3.2 MEAN MONTHLY INCOME AND EXPENDITURE
Jabalpur
Mean monthly income Rs. 8899
Total Rs. 5919
Mean Monthly Expenditure Food Education Rs. % Rs. % 3171 54 549 9
Electricity Rs. 442 8
Source: IUD in MP GHK international report.
3.1
WORKFORCE PARTICIPATION
The current workforce participation rate (percentage of main and marginal workers to the total population) in MCJ is about 30.6 per cent (including 3.12 per cent of marginal workers). Table 3.2 presents the category-wise workforce composition in MCJ, as per the 2001 Census.
_____________________________________________________________________ 14
It may be noted that of the total workforce of 261481 in 2001, about 27.48 per cent were employed in non-household manufacturing and processing industry, a sector comprising primarily of defense establishments. Almost 22 per cent were employed in trade and commerce activities, while 38 per cent were employed in other services, including transport, storage and communication. 2.22 per cent of the workforce involved in household-based manufacturing and processing activities primarily included bidi (local cigarette) rolling business. However, this traditional industry has been on the decline over the last few years, and is being replaced by local garment manufacturing/stitching activity, which has been growing in a rather unorganized manner.
TABLE 3.3: WORKFORCE PARTICIPATION IN MCJ (AS PER 2001CENSUS)
Sl. 1 i ii iii
Category Main Workers Cultivators Agricultural Laborers Manufacturing & Processing in HH Industries iv Other Services Sub-Total- Main Workers 2 Marginal Workers 3 Non-Workers
No. of Persons Percentage 1,430 1,672 21,125 2,37,254 2,61,481 29,659 6,60,329 0.15 0.18 2.22 24.93 27.48 3.12 69.40
Grand Total Population
9,51,469
100.00
Note: Figures in italics indicate per cent to sub-total- main workers.
3.2
INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY
Jabalpur has a reasonable industrial base, constituted primarily by defense establishments. There have been efforts by the state government to promote industrial development in and around Jabalpur. The Madhya Pradesh Industrial Development Corporation (MPIDC) promoted an industrial estate in the Adhartal area, where an area of about 106.67 acres was developed with 64 plots and 54 ready-made industrial sheds. All of these plots and sheds have been occupied by small-scale industries. Another industrial area - the Richai industrial area - was developed by MPIDC over an area of 460.27 acres near the Adhartal Railway station. Of the 135 plots developed, only about 35 have been occupied. The significant industries in and around Jabalpur city include: (A) LARGE-SCALE INDUSTRIES
_____________________________________________________________________ 15
Telecommunication Factory (GoI) Gun Carriage Factory (Defense, GoI) Ordinance Factory (Defense, GoI) Vehicle Factory (Defense, GoI) Gray Iron Foundry (GoI)
(B) MEDIUM-SCALE FACTORIES Shah Wallace Gillettin Factory S.A India Ltd., Devri
(C) SMALL-SCALE INDUSTRIES There is a sizeable number of small-scale industries in and around Jabalpur, which are engaged in the manufacture of a variety of products, including automobile parts, electrical spare parts and equipment, air compressors, garments, soaps and detergents, stone crushers, RCC hume pipe, asbestos cement and PVC pipes, footwear, herbal cosmetic products, rolled steel, truck and bus bodies, flour, etc. Other prominent industries include three cement plants, several fire clay refractories and limestone kilns in and around the city - the region is rich in limestone, refractory clay, bauxite, iron ore, manganese and other mineral deposits. Table 3.4 presents the number of small and medium-scale industrial units registered in Jabalpur district since 1991. It may be noted that the number of units registered has declined drastically from over 900 in 1991-1993 to around 600-700 by 1998 and to less than 200 during the last three years. The employment in such industries has also greatly declined. This gives an indication of the decline in industrial activity in the region.
TABLE 3.4: DETAILS OF SMALL & MEDIUM INDUSTRIES
_____________________________________________________________________ 16
Total Registered Capital Investment Employment Units (Nos.) (Rs. In Lakh) (Nos.) 1 1991-1992 923 134.77 2191 2 1992-1993 917 177.64 1785 3 1993-1994 579 144.82 1472 4 1994-1995 589 106.04 1601 5 1995-1996 606 139.54 1360 6 1996-1997 617 155.60 1253 7 1997-1998 672 270.81 1063 8 1998-1999 263 239.74 690 9 1999-2000 281 305.87 585 10 2000-2001* 131 32.84 311 Source: District Industrial Center, Jabalpur, (M P) as on December 2000
Sl.
Year
3.3
TRADE AND COMMERCE
A large proportion of the citys population thrives on wholesale and retail trade and commerce. The city serves as a regional wholesale market for food grains and other commodities. It also serves as a market center for agricultural produce such as green peas, wheat, rice, pulses, oilseeds, maize, etc., which are cultivated in the rural hinterland. Jabalpur also functions as a distributing center for agriculture implements, fertilizers, drugs and medicines, iron and steel, cement and minerals, petroleum products and forest produces such as timber, etc. and ready made garments and textiles.
3.4
TOURISM
The tourism potential of Jabalpur has not been exploited to its fullest. There are a few interesting tourist attractions in and around Jabalpur, the major ones being the famous Marble rocks and Dhuandhar waterfall at Bhedaghat (about 25 km from Jabalpur). Other attractions include the Chausath Yohni temple, Madan Mahal fort, and several water bodies in and around the city. The city also serves as a transit point for tourists visiting the Kanha National Park (165 km) and Bhandhavgarh (164 km) National Park. Table 3.5 presents the yearly tourist flow to Jabalpur, which indicates a fluctuating trend. The tourism potential of the water-rich and picturesque region has not been fully exploited and the State Government has realized this. In a bid to tap the tourism potential of the region, the State Government has proposed to promote water-based amusement activities in and around Jabalpur at various locations including the Sangram Sagar Lake, Bhedaghat and Bargi reservoir. TABLE 3.5: YEARLY TOURIST FLOW
_____________________________________________________________________ 17
Sl. Year Domestic Tourists Foreign Tourists Total 1 1995-1996 405,000 3,380 408,380 2 1996-1997 283,083 1,529 284,612 3 1997-1998 286,789 1,820 288,609 4 1998-1999 367,405 1,172 368,577 5 1999-2000 303,696 3,846 307,542 6 2000-2001* 265,653 2,001 267,654 Source: Tourism Department, Jabalpur, (Government of M P). Note: * The figures for 2000-2001 are from November 2000 to June 2001.
_____________________________________________________________________ 18
4. PHYSICAL PLANNING AND GROWTH MANAGEMENT

4.1 SPATIAL GROWTH TRENDS
Due to recent changes in the ward boundaries in MCJ, a time-series analysis of the variation in ward population has not been possible. However, the spatial growth trends in MCJ have been traced based on relevant literature and graphic representations made available by the MCJ. Development of Jabalpur as a city commenced from three nodes prior to 1901, with the areas currently represented by Garha Ward (Ward 49) in the northwest, Cherital Ward (Ward 12) in the north, and parts of the cantonment area adjoining wards 46 and 54 in the south-central part of Jabalpur. The area of Jabalpur municipality in 1901 was about 18.13 sq. km. Between 1909 and 1915, Jabalpur municipality developed about 490 acres of its own land for residential and commercial uses and leased them to the citizens of Jabalpur -Gol Bazar (Ward 9) area in 1910 and Napier Town area (Ward 4) in 1911, which now form the core area of the city. Wright Town area (Ward 9) was developed in 1923, while the Madan Mahal Station area (Ward 47) was developed in 1934-35. Between 1921 and 1940, the city experienced a rapid growth in population, and significant development took place in the northern areas beginning from Cheritaal Ward (Ward 12), converging towards the central areas, and the eastern areas around Ranjhi (Wards 31 and 41). Subsequently, the central areas of the city in and around Gol Bazar, Napier Town, Wright Town and Madan Mahal station areas and the areas between the central part and the eastern (Ranjhi) areas experienced further densification. Figure 2.1 presents a time-series representation of MCJs urban growth.
4.2
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION
The spatial distribution of population has been examined based on the ward densities in MCJ. The average ward population is 15,525, varying from 7,403 in Vallabh Bhai Patel Ward (Ward 21) to 30,546 in Cheritaal Ward (Ward 12). The average ward size is 1.77 sq. km- ranging from 0.16 in Khermai Ward (Ward 18), Rabindranath Tagore Ward (Ward 16), Jawahar Ganj Ward (Ward 14), and Lokmanya Balgangadhar Tilak Ward (Ward 15) to 18.46 in Rani Laxmi Bai Ward (Ward 60). Most of the development in terms of population growth in the city has occurred north of the central ridge. Figure 4.1 presents the ward-wise spatial distribution of population in the city based on different density ranges. The summary of distribution of wards by
_____________________________________________________________________ 19
population density is presented in Table 4.1 FIGURE 4.1: MAP DEPICTING THE URBAN SPRAWL TIME SERIES Ward 37 is the most densely populated ward with a gross density of 798 persons per Ha. This is primarily due to a large proportion of slum population that lives in the ward over 65 per cent of the ward population lives in slums. The central areas of the city north of the central ridge between Katni road, Kundam road and the broad-gauge railway line is the most densely populated part of the city. The gross density of the wards in this area is above 300 persons per Ha. TABLE 4.1: DISTRIBUTION OF WARDS BY POPULATION DENSITY RANGE Density RangeNumber of List of Wards persons/ Ha Wards 1 Above 600 6 37, 18, 16, 23, 36 and 38 2 501 to 600 6 26, 14, 15, 29, 25 and 33 3 401 to 500 3 7, 17 and 22 4 301 to 400 8 21, 35, 13, 19, 32, 31, 46 and 20 5 201 to 300 8 28, 51, 4, 8, 27, 50, 48 and 43 6 151 to 200 8 44, 39, 10, 30, 34, 53, 42 and 54 7 101 to 150 7 47, 12, 2, 5, 24, 6 and 9 8 51 to 100 6 55, 3, 11, 52, 40 and 45 9 Up to 50 8 49, 1, 41, 56, 59, 58, 57 and 60 Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur The areas south of the central ridge are sparsely populated, except for the areas near the Jabalpur railway station, the Madan Mahal railway station and Garha area (Ward 49), along the NH-12 towards Bhopal. The city appears to be growing in the northwest and northeast directions. Pundit Deendayal Upadhyay Ward (Ward 23) on the northwest side of the city is experiencing rapid growth, with the population density already having crossed 685 persons per Ha. In the northeast direction, development is occurring beyond the broad gauge railway line, along the Kundam road in the Ranjhi area, which is the northeast side of the MCJ limits (Wards 42, 43 and 44), where the population density is around 200 persons per Ha. Ranjhi area is the major industrial area of the city with the Adhartal Industrial area located here and the Khamaria Vehicle Factory in the vicinity. FIGURE 4.2: MAP SHOWING WARD-WISE DENSITIES OF MCJ Sl.
4.3
LANDUSE
_____________________________________________________________________ 20
The Town and Country Planning Department (TPCD), Jabalpur, carried out a landuse survey in 1994. The land utilization details of 1975 and 1994, as presented in the Jabalpur Development Plan, 2005, are given in Table 4.2. As per the survey results, the total developed area in the Jabalpur planning area, which includes the fringe areas outside the MCJ limits in the northwest, north, and northeast sides, was about 4,520 Ha in 1994. This has increased by about 150 per cent from 3,029 in 1975. However, this increase is far less than the increase of about 300 per cent by 1991, as envisaged in the Jabalpur Development Plan, 1991. The total land under residential use in the Jabalpur Planning area was 51 per cent, with a net residential density of about 273 persons per Ha in 1994. About 19 per cent was under roads while, 16 per cent fell under the category of public facility and utility services. Figure 4.3 presents the existing landuse in the Jabalpur Planning Area as on 1994.
Land Use in Jabalpur- % of Developed Land (1994)
Public f acilities & Utility services 16% Indust rial 8% Transport atio n 19%
Commercial 3%
Recreational 3% Residential 51%
Land management has been a critical element in the city, with only about 64 per cent (2,328 Ha) of envisaged 3,635 Ha of residential land by 1991 having been developed up to 1994. Housing and/or serviced land for housing is generally delivered by various agencies such as the Jabalpur Development Authority, Madhya Pradesh Housing Board, co-operative housing societies and private sector housing developers. These stakeholders faced various constraints, including difficulty in land acquisition, litigation, lack of financial resources, etc. that inhibited the delivery of adequate/suitable land for housing. As observed from Table 4.2, the variation in landuse envisaged for 1991 and the actual landuse in 1994 for different categories is quite significant. As a result, TCPD undertook an exercise in 1995 to update the Development Plan up to 2005, which was finalized in 2001. Proposals of the Jabalpur Development Plan, 2005, are discussed in subsequent sections. At present the review of 2005 Development Plan is in progress.
TABLE 4.2: VARIATION IN LANDUSE -1994
_____________________________________________________________________ 21
Sl
Land Use Category
Area
#
LUR * 1975- Actual 4 3.40 0.15 0.59 1.15 0.09 1.46 6.84
Land Use Area LUR # * 1 1991 5 3,635 512 707 1,124 886 1,785 6 3.3 0.47 0.64 1.02 0.81 1.62
LUR * 1994- Actual

#
Area
+/- Variation Area # LUR* Col. 5-7 9 -1307 -388 -339 -410 -747 -938 -4,129 Col. 68 10 -0.57 -0.32 -0.21 -0.18 -0.65 -0.62 -2.55
8,64 7.86 4,52 5.31 9 0 Projected in the Development Plan 1991- prepared in 1975. * LUR - Land Utilization Rate in hectare per 1,000 Population. # Area in hectare. Source: Jabalpur Development Plan, 2005. FIGURE 4.3: MAP SHOWING EXISTING (1994) LAND USE
2 Residential Commercial Industrial Public facility & Utility services 5 Recreational 6 Transportatio n Total
1 1 2 3 4
3 1,503 68 263 511 39 645 3,029
7 2,328 124 368 714 129 847
8 2.73 0.15 0.43 0.84 0.16 1.00
TABLE 4.3: PROPOSED LAND USE AS PER DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2005 Sl 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 Land Use Category 2 Residential Commercial Industrial Pub. facilities & utility services Recreational Transportation 1994- actual Area % 3 4 2,328 51.5 124 2.7 368 8.1 714 15.8 129 847 4,520 3.1 18.8 100.0 LUR 5 2.74 0.15 0.43 0.84 0.16 1.00 5.31 Area 6 3,807 445 551 876 540 1,107 7,326 2005-proposed % 7 52.0 6.1 7.5 11.9 7.4 15.1 100.0 LUR 8 3.17 0.37 0.46 0.73 0.45 0.92 6.10
Total
Source: Jabalpur Development Plan, 2005.
5. CITY INFRASTRUCTURE
_____________________________________________________________________ 22
5.1
EXISTING TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION
The role of planning for traffic and transportation in Jabalpur at present vests with a number of agencies, including Municipal Corporation, National Highways, State Highways, the Indian Railways, Interstate bus operators, private bus operators, etc. More often than not, these agencies play a key role in transport service provision in an urban area. The Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur (MCJ) is vested with maintenance and development of the street network (Including National and State Highways), within away traffic management and circulation system, the public transportation system, control of IPT, management of truck operations, etc. This section deals with the current status of transport in Jabalpur. The elements reviewed and assessed include: The road network Public transport/mass transit Traffic management and circulation Inter-city bus transport Intermediate public transport Parking and Pedestrian facilities. The assessment is based on quick reconnaissance surveys of the city, consultations with authorities at MCJ, Town & Country Planning Department (TCPD), Jabalpur Development Authority (JDA), Traffic Police Department, private transport operators, citizens of Jabalpur and secondary data.
5.1.1
VEHICLE POPULATION
There are 3.20 lakh-registered vehicles in up to 2004 at Jabalpur. Table 5.1presents the growth trend in number of registered vehicles in Jabalpur. The total number of registered vehicles has grown at a CAGR of 9 per cent. Even though the total number of registered vehicles is on the increase, Table 5.2 presents the number of vehicles by type, registered at the Regional Transport Office (RTO), Jabalpur. Almost all types of vehicles, such as mini-buses, motor cabs, auto rickshaws, cars and jeeps, have registered increasing volumes.
TABLE 5.1: VEHICLE POPULATION Sl. Year Total Number of Registered Vehicles Annual Growth Rate %
_____________________________________________________________________ 23
(Cumulative) 1 1999-00 22584 2 2000-01 21176 3 2001-02 20165 4 2002-03 23858 5 2003-04 25397 Source: Regional Transport Office, Jabalpur. TABLE 5.2: NUMBER OF VEHICLES REGISTERED BY TYPE Sl. 1 Vehicles 199900 18791 200001 17687 410 427 1277 490 953 21176 200102 17457 383 359 855 377 832 20165 200203 20201 514 261 1200 381 1160 23858 200304 20802 803 315 1669 612 1196 25397
Mopeds/Motorcycles/ Scooter 2 Truck 485 3 Taxi/3-wheeler 4 Cars 1399 5 Bus 626 6 Other 856 Total 22584 Source: Regional Transport Office, Jabalpur.
5.1.2
AGENCIES IN TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION
The agencies involved in providing for traffic and transportation and their respective roles are listed in Table 5.3. The TCPD is responsible for planning new roads and identifying roads that need to be widened/strengthened to enhance the carrying capacity. MCJ is responsible for execution and addressing key elements for facilitating traffic and transport management. The role of the traffic police is confined to operating traffic signals implemented by MCJ and enforcing traffic regulatory mechanisms formulated by MCJ. ROLE OF MCJ IN PLANNING & PROVIDING FOR TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION IN JABALPUR The TCPD detailed out in the Jabalpur Development Plan, 1995, a list of roads that need to be widening in order to de-congest them and ensure free flow of traffic. The basis for the have been decided on the basis of subjective decisions. However, none of the widening proposals have been implemented. The new road proposals have remained only on paper, primarily due to a shortage of financial resources within the implementing agencies as well as due to the absence of a system to ensure responsibility and accountability. MCJ has commissioned a study to assess strengthening requirements for the listed road stretches in the city, including assessment of widening requirements and junction improvements.
_____________________________________________________________________ 24
Traffic management initiatives of MCJ are implemented by the Traffic Police Department, which is responsible for enforcement of traffic rules, with regard to oneway systems, parking regulation, regulation of truck movement in the city, and ensuring route adherence of public transport operators. Provision of signages, traffic signals and other transport infrastructure like bus stations, bus stops, shelters, etc. vests with MCJ. TABLE 5.3: AGENCIES TRANSPORTATION INVOLVED IN TRAFFIC AND
Sl. Agency Role 1 Regional Transport Registration of vehicles and issue of operating and Office (RTO), GoMP driving licenses. 2 Town & Country Planning for new roads and carrying capacity Planning Department enhancement for roads. 4 Jabalpur Development Construction of roads in colonies developed by Authority JDA. 5 Public Works Maintenance of National Highways, State Highways Department (PWD), and other PWD roads within municipal jurisdiction. GoMP 3 Municipal Implementation of development plan proposals Corporation of with regard to road formation and widening; Jabalpur (MCJ) Construction and maintenance of roads within the territorial jurisdiction of MCJ; Route setting for public transport in MCJ limits; Issue of licenses to cycle rickshaws for operation in MCJ jurisdiction; Provision and maintenance of infrastructure for traffic signals; and Traffic management in the city (organizing one-way system, regulating truck traffic in city limits, etc.), in co-ordination with the Traffic Police Department 6 Traffic Police Traffic management and regulation in MCJ, in coDepartment ordination with MCJ manning and operating traffic signals, enforcing one-way traffic systems, public transport routes, and regulating truck movement.
5.1.3
TRAVEL CHARACTERSTICS
Cycle Rickshaw 4%
Modes of Travel
(A) MODE OF TRAVEL The predominant mode of travel (motorized) in

B i-cycle 22%
Sco o ter / M o to r B ike 24%
Car 3% P ublic
Transpo rt _____________________________________________________________________ 25 7%

Walk 39%
A uto Rickshaw 1%
Jabalpur, like in most other cities in India is two-wheelers. A household survey conducted in the city revealed the modes of travel used for work trips. As per survey results, 65 per cent of the respondents use non-motorized modes of travel to work place (by walk, bicycles and cycle rickshaw). About 24 per cent use two-wheelers and only 7 per cent of the respondents depend on public transport (refer table5.4). The public transport mode is serviced by private transport operators through mini-buses and three-wheeler tempos - there is no Government-run public transport system in Jabalpur. TABLE 5.4: MODES OF TRAVEL Sl. Mode of Travel Number of Respondents 1 Walk 613 2 Bi-cycle 350 3 Cycle Rickshaw 65 4 Scooter/Motor Bike 377 5 Auto Rickshaw 18 6 Car 54 7 Public Transport 110 Total 1,587 Source: Primary Survey of 1,600 Households in Jabalpur. By Indo US time project (B) TRAVEL TIME DISTRIBUTION
Table 5.5 presents a summary of the average perceived trip duration or travel time per trip, based on the primary household survey. The average trip duration is less than 15 minutes for a majority (over 50 per cent of respondents) of the households surveyed. About 30 per cent of the respondents indicated an average trip duration of 15 to 30 minutes. Therefore, the average trip duration of all the respondents works out to about 20 minutes this includes walk trips as well. TABLE 5.5: AVERAGE TRIP DURATION Sl. Trip Duration (minutes) % Respondents 1 < 15 52.6 2 15 to 30 31.2 3 30 to 60 10.7 4 > 60 5.5 Total 100.0 Source: Primary Survey of 1,600 Households in Jabalpur. By Indo US time project. (C) ACCIDENTS IN JABALPUR The number of accidents on the roads of Jabalpur and the resulting casualties has been on the rise during the last decade. TABLE 5.6 presents the number of accidents and the number of causalities due to them for the period 1992 to 1998. The number of fatal accidents was over 100 during 1998. The accident rate is about 3.5 per 1000 vehicles, which is alarmingly high. Therefore, there is a need to enhance traffic safety and reduce the number of accidents on the roads of Jabalpur.
_____________________________________________________________________ 26
TABLE 5.6: ACCIDENT DETAILS Vehicle Population 22584 21176 20165 23858 25397 No. of Accidents 1259 1377 1623 1672 1797 1919 Persons Died 112 208 207 195 232 223 Persons Injured 1580 1631 1953 1902 2329 2138
Year 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Source: S.P. Office, Jabalpur.
5.1.4 ELEMENTS OF TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION

(A) THE ROAD NETWORK National Highway No. 7 cuts across the city from north to south. This road is encroached and highly congested, forming one of the principal arterial roads of the city. A by-pass branches off from NH 7 in the north and runs all the way to the southwest, crossing the state highways and reaching NH 7 once again. The original alignment of NH 7, which ran through the heart of city, is now completely by-passed. The road network is constrained by a railway line that runs along the central ridge of the city. The cantonment lying to the east of the railway line is connected to the main town, which lies to the west of the railway line, via four grade-separated rail crossings. However, to the north and south of the town, grade-separated crossings are limited to a few locations. At-grade crossings still pose major hurdles for free-flowing traffic. The Jabalpur Development Plan, 2005 document prepared in 1995 calls for some major upgradation of the road network in the areas between the core city and the newly formed by-pass road. These roads would serve to improve connectivity significantly and help in connecting to the development growth that is taking place in this area. All the proposal are scrutinized and a good number of proposals are now proposed for implementation in JNNURM project. (B) ROAD CONDITION The total length of roads in the territorial jurisdiction of MCJ is about 1267 kms (see TABLE 5.7). The length of roads maintained by MCJ alone is about 1102 kms, of which about 76.41 per cent are surfaced (28.13 per cent with concrete and 48.28 per cent with bitumen-top).
_____________________________________________________________________ 27
FIGURE 5.1: MAP OF JABALPUR SHOWING MAJOR ROAD NETWORK AND INTERSECTIONS TABLE 5.7: SUMMARY OF ROADS Sl Surface Type A Municipal Roads 1 Concrete 2 Black-topped 3 WBM 4 Earthen Total Road Length B Other Agencies Roads 1 JDA Colony Roads 2 MPHB Colony Roads 3 National Highways 4 State Highways Grand Total Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur Length in Kms 310.00 532.00 150.00 110.00 1102 52.00 50.00 23.00 40.00 1267.00 Percentage 28.13 48.28 13.61 9.98 100.00 ------
The condition of major roads in MCJ is generally good, but the internal roads especially those within colonies developed by JDA, MPHB and private colonizers are in poor condition. The policy of MCJ now is to provide proper urban roads so as to enhance the vehicle carrying capacity of roads, and also to retain the quality of the riding surface. This concept, though, could prove capital intensive, while posing hindrances to underground utility maintenance and management. (C) MISSING LINK DEVELOPMENT The Jabalpur Development Plan envisages quite a few new roads, especially in the western part of the city, contained by the new by-pass road. But, as in the case of the road widening proposals, these proposals have not been implemented, as there was no clarity among the TCPD, MCJ and JDA as to how the proposals would be implemented. FIGURE 5.2: MAJOR ROADS SHOWN IN JABALPUR DEVELOPMENT
PLAN 2005.
(D) REMOVAL OF BOTTLENECKS There exists an opportunity to provide better access across the railway line in the south and north of the town. Choti Line Phatak is an at-grade crossing with an adjoining Tjunction on both sides of the railway line that poses a difficult management situation.
_____________________________________________________________________ 28
Similarly railway Grade seprater rail crossing are proposed for widening Bridges over Omti Nallah flowing a cross the city are also proposed for widening.
5.1.5
PUBLIC TRANSPORT/MASS TRANSIT
The transport system in the city, comprising mini-buses and 3-wheeler tempos, is entirely run by private operators. There are a total of five routes for mini-buses and three for tempos, mostly originating from the city center and connecting to the fringe areas of the city. In terms of fleet size, there are about 550 registered mini-buses and tempos. The share of public transport to total trips is very low (only 7 per cent). This is not usually the case in other towns. Usually, public transport accounts for the bulk of daily trips and could be between 40 to 70 per cent. We proposed a designed public transport system. There is a good control system in place and the authorities are very strict about the fares and routes these buses can take. Operators are heavily fined if these routes are violated. However, the system of private bus operators does have many problems such as: Poor quality of service and comfort to passengers Lack of proper bus stations with basic amenities Reckless driving by private operators Rampant overcrowding of buses No scheduled departure or arrival timings there is no specific waiting time for buses at various bus stops, buses halt at a stop until they are filled with passengers Inadequate coverage of city private bus operators run more on market demand and will not run buses to outlying areas that may not have sufficient passengers and Commuter safety is totally ignored. As per the household survey conducted in the city, peoples access to the public transport system is limited as the system covers very few areas of the town. Table 5.8 presents the average distance from residences to a bus stop. A majority of commuters have to walk a long distance to access the system. As evidenced from Table 5.8, about 27 per cent of the citys population is not covered at all by public transport (bus stand to residence distance of over 2 kms).
TABLE 5.8: AVERAGE DISTANCE OF BUS STOP FROM RESIDENCE Sl. 1 Distance from Residence to Bus Stop (in Kms) < 0.5 Km % 31.1
No. of Respondents 214
_____________________________________________________________________ 29
0.5 - 2.0 287 2.0 - 4.0 137 4.0 - 6.0 45 > 6 Km 6 Total 689 Source: Survey of 1600 Households in Jabalpur. Indo us time project.
2 3 4 5
41.7 19.9 6.5 0.9 100.0
5.1.6 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AND CIRCULATION

As part of its traffic management initiatives, MCJ has installed traffic signals. MCJ, in consultation with the Traffic Police, has designated some road corridors in the core city area as one-way traffic corridors. These roads are very narrow and their capacities are further reduced by on-road parking and significant pedestrian traffic and slow moving vehicles. It needs mention, however, that such initiatives are ad hoc. They do not form part of a comprehensive traffic management plan. In a bid to improve some of the major corridors which have significant commercial landuse, MCJ has identified some road stretches, including intersections, for improvement. It is evident from the results of the household survey, that walking is the most preferred mode of travel (39 per cent of households cited walking as their mode of travel). Yet, most of the roads in the city do not have footpaths, which forces people to walk on the roads. Movement of people on the roads has led to lower speeds of traffic. There is increased risk of accidents as well.
(A) TRAFFIC ELEMENTS A city street comprises four components. The first is the pavement, which is a civil engineering element. The second is the traffic that runs on it. The third is the traffic policeman that controls traffic and the fourth is traffic furniture, signages and road markings.some of the elements missing in old city are required to be provided. (B) TRUCK TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT It is reported that over 50 per cent of the fatal road accidents of Jabalpur involved trucks. As a principle, trucks have been banned on the arterial roads in Jabalpur during morning and evening peak traffic periods - the trucks are forced to use the by-pass. For Jabalpurbound trucks, proper truck stand required to be constructed termed as Transport Nagar as detailed in the development plan.
5.1.7
INTER-CITY BUS TRANSPORT
_____________________________________________________________________ 30
The inter-city bus terminal at present is located in the central area of the city (off Model Road) and is not adequate in terms of its bus handling capacity. It is necessary to have a new terminal in the city to facilitate passenger access. A Bus terminal is proposed at Madotal. The existing Bus terminals also requires upgradation.
5.1.8
INTERMEDIATE PUBLIC TRANSPORT
The predominant mode of IPT is the cycle rickshaw. It is reported that there are at least 3,000 licensed and unauthorized cycle rickshaws in Jabalpur. Auto rickshaws also constitute a small portion of the IPT share. Given the nature of cycle rickshaws, that are slow and always obstructing fast moving vehicles, it is easy to suggest that this mode should be phased out. A number of peoples livelihood, however, depends on cycle rickshaws. They are also non-polluting in terms of air and noise pollution and hence it would be a good idea to retain them. However, the number and their areas of operation need to be restricted.
5.1.9
PARKING
There are no organized on-street marked parking arrangements in any of the major commercial areas of the city. Most of the core market areas of the city are characterized by narrow roads with a high proportion of pedestrian and slow moving traffic. The capacity of the roads is further reduced by vehicles parked on the roadsides. The multi levels parking adjoining core city area are proposed.
5.2
WATER SUPPLY
Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur meets its domestic and commercial water requirements from surface and sub-surface water sources. The surface sources comprise Khandari Reservoir, Gaur River, Pariyat Dam and Phagua Nallah and Narmada River. The sub-surface sources are constituted by about 418 tube wells fitted with power pumps constructed since the drought of 1965-66, about 1053 bore wells fitted with hand pumps and about 100 open wells. The sub-surface sources serve as de-centralized local sources
_____________________________________________________________________ 31
catering to small pockets of population within their respective service areas. The water supply system in Jabalpur City has been developed through seven major stages, beginning from 1893 with the Khandari water reservoir on river Gaur. The chronology of significant projects for the development of the water supply system in Jabalpur is presented in Table 5.9 TABLE 5.9: CHRONOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Year Description 1893 First water supply system constructed, with Khandari storage reservoir on the western side of the city as the source. 1966 Pariyat storage reservoir, which was constructed by the Irrigation Department on Pariyat river in year 1929, was tapped for water supply to Jabalpur city, when a 1300 mm diameter RCC gravity main and Ranjhi water treatment plant were constructed. 1965-66 Construction of Katiyaghat pumping station to draw water from Gaur river to augment water supply during the drought of 1965. 1976 Construction of water treatment plant at Bhongadwar to treat the water pumped from Khandari reservoir and Gaur river by the Katiyaghat pumping station. 1986 Commissioning of Phase I of the Narmada water supply Project. 1992 Commissioning of Phase II of the Narmada water supply Project. November Handing over of phases I and II of the Narmada water supply 1995 Projects to the Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur by the Public Health Engineering Department of the Madhya Pradesh Government for operation and maintenance. 2004 Phase III Narmada water supply project completed by PHED
Sl. 1 2
3 4 5 6 7
Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur
5.2.1
WATER SUPPLY PROJECTS
The water sources for drinking water supply in the Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur are met by three major surface water supply projects and a number of local sub-surface sources in the form of tube wells, bore wells fitted with hand pumps and open wells. The surface water-based projects include: Khandari Reservoir and Gaur River Water Supply Project; Pariyat and Phagua Nallah Water Supply Project; and Narmada River Water Supply Project. FIGURE 5.3: MAP SHOWING WATER SUPPLY PROJECTS FIGURE 5.3A: MAP SHOWING MAJOR COMPONENTS OF THE WATER SUPPLY PROJECTS
_____________________________________________________________________ 32
5.2.2
KHANDARI RESERVOIR AND GAUR RIVER WATER SUPPLY PROJECT
The system under this project draws water from an old storage reservoir of Khandari dam and also from Gaur River. Both these sources are situated on the eastern side of Jabalpur. Khandari Reservoir, constructed in 1893 is a stone masonry dam. It has a live storage capacity of 6.30 million cubic meters (222.59 million cubic feet) with 70 per cent dependability. It is capable of supplying about 6.75 to 9 MLD by gravity to the treatment plant. However, only a small quantity of water is drawn from this reservoir and storage is reserved for meeting emergency situations. The average quantity of water drawn from this source is about 7 MLD. Water from Gaur River is being tapped at the Katiyaghat pumping station, constructed in 1965-66. Three storage weirs have been constructed by MCJ to provide some storage in the riverbed as River Gaur is not a perennial river and flow ceases in January. The catchment of the river at the Katiyaghat pumping station site spans about 804 sq.km. About 20 MLD of water is drawn from this source. Water drawn from the Khandari Reservoir and Gaur River is treated at the 27 MLD capacity water treatment plant located at Bhongadwar and supplied to the city. This project caters to the water requirement of areas in about 20 wards (in part and whole) through two ground level storage reservoirs (4.50 ML at Bhongadwar and 0.90 ML at Bail Bagh). The quantity of water drawn from this project is about 30 MLD, while about 27 MLD is treated and allocated for supply to the consumers- about 3 MLD being lost during transmission and treatment.
5.2.3 PARIYAT DAM AND PHAGUA NALLAH WATER SUPPLY PROJECT

The water sources for this project - the Pariyat Dam and Phagua Canal (Nallah) are situated in the north-eastern side of Jabalpur. The water drawn from these sources is treated at the Ranjhi treatment plant. Pariyat Dam is an irrigation dam constructed in 1929 across river Pariyat. The dam has a live storage of 18.53 million cubic meters (654 million cubic feet). This source can supply upto 43 MLD of water, with 90 per cent dependability. Seepage from the dam is intercepted in the Phagua Canal about 2 km downstream of the dam and pumped back through the Phagua pumping station, into the gravity main laid from the dam to the water treatment plant. This source can yield up to 9 MLD of water. The total quantity of water drawn from the Pariyat Dam and Phagua Nallah is about 49.50 MLD. Of this, about 13.50 MLD of raw water is supplied to the Khamaria Ordinance Factory. There is a significant loss of water from the raw water mains of this source, caused due to frequent cracking and rupturing of the hume steel main pipeline.
_____________________________________________________________________ 33
The raw water from this source is treated at the 54 MLD capacity Ranjhi water treatment plant about 5 kms from the city. Due to significant losses in the raw water main and bulk raw water supply to Khamaria Ordinance Factory, only 27 MLD of water drawn from this source is treated at the Ranjhi water treatment plant. The treated water is distributed to bulk consumers and retail consumers (spread across 17 wards) in Jabalpur through two service reservoirs.
5.2.4
NARMADA RIVER WATER SUPPLY PROJECT.
The Narmada River flowing along the southern boundary of the city is the source of water under this project. Water is tapped from the Lalpur water works near Lalpur village. The Lalpur intake structures are located 25 Kms down stream of the Bargi dam constructed as part of a hydro-electric-cum irrigation project. The tailrace water of the hydroelectric power station ensures steady flow in the river throughout the year. The intake works are designed for the allocated quantity of 97 MLD to be utilized. Under this Project, which is operational, about 97 MLD of water is being extracted. The water is treated at the Lalpur treatment plant (42+55=97 MLD capacity) and transmitted to 20 ESRs and ground water tanks at different locations in the city, for internal distribution within MCJ limits. The entire quantity of water drawn from this source is allocated for MCJ.
5.2.5 OTHER SOURCES

In addition to the three surface sources of water, MCJ has several sub-surface sources, which serve the local population. These sub-surface sources are in the form of tube wells, bore wells and open wells. There are about 1471 tube wells some of which were constructed during the drought of 1965-66. The tube wells are fitted with hand pumps and 418 with power pumps (jet pumps or submersible pumps) for withdrawal of water. Individual and group tube wells serve an exclusive service area through a local distribution network. Three small storage reservoirs, each of 0.135 ML capacities have been constructed for distribution from a set of tube wells. The estimated quantity of water supplied from these localized sub-surface sources is about 6.50 MLD. There are about 100 open wells in the city. Water from these decentralized local sources is being used by the local communities for domestic purposes other than drinking.
5.2.6 WATER ALLOCATION DETAILS

At present, the Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur draws about 151 MLD of water from the three surface sources and the tube wells. Table 5.10 presents a summary of the quantity of water drawn by MCJ from the various sources (surface & sub-surface).
_____________________________________________________________________ 34
TABLE 5.10 SOURCE-WISE QUANTITY OF WATER DRAWN BY MCJ Sl. 1 2 3 Source Gross Quantity Drawn (MLD) 27.00 27.00 97.00 151.00 6.50 157.50
Pariyat Dam & Phagua Nallah Khandari Reservoir & Gaur River Narmada River (Lalpur Water Works)- Phase I & II Total Surface Water 4 Tube Wells 5 Total Water Drawn from various Sources Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur
TABLE 5.11: DETAILS OF WATER ALLOCATION FROM VARIOUS SOURCES Quantity of Water Source of Water Allocated- Gross (MLD) 1 Consumers outside MCJ Limits (Bulk Consumers) a Khamaria Ordnance Factory (raw 13.50 Pariyat Dam & water) Phagua Nallah Project b Defense Vehicle Factory 6.75 -doc SAF Battalion 2.25 -dod Military Engineering Service 6.75 Khandari Reservoir & Gaur River Project e Central Railways 3.15 -dof Other Bulk Consumers 3.60 -do36.00 Total Bulk Consumers (outside MCJ Limits) 2 Consumers within MCJ Limits 103.00 All three surface-water (Bulk & Retail Consumers) Projects and & subsurface Sources 139.00 -doTotal Water Allocated (Gross) 12.00 -doLoss in Raw Water (Phagua Nallah Project) 151.00 -doTotal Water Produced (Gross) Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur Sl. Consumer
5.2.7 WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES

MCJ has three raw water treatment plants for the treatment of the water drawn from the different surface sources. The treatment capacity of the three treatment plants taken together is 178 MLD. Table 5.12 presents list of treatment plants, their source of water and capacities.
_____________________________________________________________________ 35
TABLE 5.12: WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES AT MCJ Sl. Location/ Name Source of Water of Treatment Plant 1 Bhongadwar Khandari Reservoir and Katiyaghat Pumping StationGaur River 2 Ranjhi Pariyat River 3 Lalpur Narmada River (Phase I & II) -4 Total Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur Year of Installed Commissioning Capacity (MLD) 1976 27.00 Utilized Capacity (MLD) 27.00
1966 1983 --
54.00 97.00 178.00
27.00 97.00 151.00
5.2.8 WATER DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENT

STORAGE RESERVOIRS/ WATER DISTRIBUTION STATIONS The internal distribution of water in MCJ is organized through 25 water distribution stations, each represented by a storage reservoir. Each of the water distribution stations serves an independent service area, which represents its service zone. Table 4.4 presents the list of storage reservoirs for the internal distribution of water, and their individual capacities and service areas in terms of wards covered. The total existing storage capacity of the 25 storage reservoirs works out to about 46.12 ML, which is about 32 per cent of the total 151.00 MLD of water currently supplied by MCJ.
TABLE 5.13: WATER STORAGE FACILITIES Sl. Location of S.R 1 2 Coolie Hill Ranjhi Type of S.R GLSR ESR Capacit y (ML) 6.750 2.250 Source- Water Supply Project Pariyat & Phagua Pariyat & Phagua Wards Served (wards) 5, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 25, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 41, 42, 43, 44
_____________________________________________________________________ 36
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Cantonment (Bhongadwar ) Bhantallaiya (Bailbagh) Sethinagar (Gupteshwar) Bhanwar Tal Park Wright Town Gulaoa Tal
GLSR GLSR ESR ESR ESR ESR
4.500 0.900 3.375 2.250 2.250 2.250
Khandari & Gaur River Khandari & Gaur River Narmada Narmada Narmada Narmada
4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 16, 45, 46, 47, 50, 51, 54, 60, Cantonment 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 28, 40, 41, 44, 45, 52, 53, 54, 55, 59 2, 3, 4, 38, 39, 45, 46 1, 2, 9, 13, 24, 25, 29, 30 1, 2, 6, 27, 42, 47, 48, 49, 51 4, 8, 13, 14, 21, 23, 32 4, 7, 8, 15, 16, 17, 19, 32, 33, 34 11, 12, 21, 22, 23, 24, 38 26, 27, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38
Srinath ki ESR 2.250 Narmada Tallaiya 10 Old Town ESR 2.250 Narmada Hall 11 Laxmipur ESR 2.250 Narmada 12 Madarchalla ESR 2.250 Narmada (Thakkargram ) 13 Poli Pather ESR 0.900 Narmada 14 Civil Lines ESR 0.900 Narmada 15 Adhar Tal ESR 2.250 Narmada (Anandnagar) 16 Ghamapur ESR 2.250 Narmada (Dangal Maidan) 17 Medical ESR 2.250 Narmada College 18 Sidhababa ESR 0.900 Narmada 19 Ranjhi ESR 0.900 Narmada 20 Kotwali ESR 2.250 Narmada Total 46.12 Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur
5.2.9 INTERNAL DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

(A) DISTRIBUTION PIPELINE The internal distribution network comprises of cast iron pipelines ranging from 80 mm to 600 mm diameter and asbestos cement pipelines of sizes ranging from 80 m to 200 mm diameters. The total length of internal distribution network is about 230 kms, of which the
_____________________________________________________________________ 37
distribution mains measure about 62.50 kms. This excludes the network laid under the Khandari Reservoir Project over 100 years ago, for which information is not available. The total length of roads in MCJ limits (including roads maintained by agencies other than MCJ like PWD, JDA and MPHB) is about 1102 kms. The proportion of distribution network length to road length works out to about 20 per cent, indicating low levels in terms of reach of the centralized water supply system. The Municipal Corporation has provided a large number of public stand posts (about 15,000) and bore wells (about 1471) in areas where the internal distribution network is inadequate. The Corporation also supplies water through tankers in areas of the city where the distribution network has not been laid. (B) WATER CONNECTIONS Water is delivered to the consumers through individual house service connections of sizes varying from 0.25 inch to 1 inch for domestic (residential) consumers, 0.5 inch to 4 inches for commercial consumers and 1 inch to 12 inches for bulk consumers. Table 4.5 presents a summary of the number of water connections by user category and size of connections. There are a total of 51,553 registered water connections, 16,964 un-metered and 34,589 metered connections, issued by MCJ. Of these, 21 are bulk consumers, most of whom are located outside MCJ limits. Over 98 per cent of the connections are to domestic (residential) consumers. As per the property tax assessment records, there are 1,55,870 property tax assessments in MCJ. Apart from the 21 bulk water connections, the coverage of the water supply system through house service connections works out to just over 33 per cent of the property tax assessments, indicating poor coverage of the piped water supply system.
TABLE 5.14: SUMMARY OF WATER CONNECTIONS Sl. A 1 2 3 Type/ Size (in inches) of Domestic Connection Un-metered Connections 20 3/8 7,900 1/2 9,016 Number of Connections NonBulk Domestic Consumers Total 20 7,900 9,016
_____________________________________________________________________ 38
3/4 17 1 11 Total Un16,964 metered B Metered Connections 1 1/2 33,746 650 2 3/4 14 3 1 11 74 4 1 15 5 2 40 6 3 8 7 4 10 8 6 9 8 10 12 11 Raw water to Khamaria Ordinance Factory Total Metered 33,771 797 Grand Total 50,735 797 Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur (C) PUBLIC STAND POSTS
4 5
3 1 3 2 2 3 5 1 1 21 21
17 11 16,964 34,396 14 88 16 43 10 12 3 5 1 1 34,589 51,553
MCJ has installed about 15,000 public stand posts at different locations in the city in order to expand the reach and coverage of the water supply system. These are meant to serve the households that do not have individual house service connections. (D) DURATION OF SUPPLY The supply of water is intermittent - twice a day for durations of 90 minutes each in the mornings and evenings. During each supply shift (of 1.5 hours), the service reservoirs supply to parts of their respective zones, after which they are re-filled to supply to the rest of their respective zones. The supply cycle is repeated in the evenings. The supply from tube wells distributed through local distribution networks is also largely organized in a similar fashion, subject to availability of power, as most of the tube wells are directly connected to the distribution network. (E) PRESSURE ADEQUACY It is reported that the pressure of water at the terminal points of the distribution network is very low and consumers there receive relatively less water than those connected on the upstream side. In order to overcome problems of inadequate residual pressures in the distribution system, the Corporation is working on improving the supply network.
_____________________________________________________________________ 39
5.2.10 QUALITY OF WATER SUPPLIED

MCJ has a water-testing laboratory at the Lalpur Water Treatment Plant. The physical chemical and bacteriological quality of water before and after treatment from Narmada River is tested on a daily basis at this laboratory. The Corporation also tests about 5 to 6 samples of water collected from consumer taps in different locations of the city on a daily basis.
5.2.11 QUALITY OF WATER AT SOURCE

The turbidity of the river water goes up to as high as 4,000 to 5,000 NTU during the monsoons, when there are high floods. The chemical and bacteriological quality of the river water is quite good and within acceptable limits. The water treatment plant design is adequate to handle the occasional high turbidity during monsoons.
5.2.12 QUALITY OF WATER IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Samples of water collected from the distribution system (at the consumer taps) have indicated occasional presence of chloroform. This could be attributed to inadequate/irregular disinfection of water. The residual chlorine in the distribution system is noted to be in the range of 0.1 to 2 mg/l.
5.3 SEWAGE DISPOSAL
5.3.1
MEANS OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL
MCJ does not have a centralized sewerage system for the disposal of domestic waste water/ sewage. The population depends largely upon individual septic tanks for their
_____________________________________________________________________ 40
domestic wastewater disposal. comprise the following: Household toilets and Public toilets.
The sanitation means adopted by the population
While the above modes are used for night soil disposal, most of the domestic sullage is disposed directly to the roadside open drains meant for storm water drainage. The Public Health Engineering Department of Government of Madhya Pradesh has prepared a sewerage master plan for Jabalpur, as a part of which a centralized underground sewerage system has been proposed. TABLE 5.15: SUMMARY OF DISPOSAL/SANITATION FACILITIES IN MCJ Item Centralized Sewerage System Individual Sewage Disposal Means Septic Tank-based Household Toilets Low Cost Sanitation Units Dry Latrines Others Sub-Total B Public Toilets B 1 Number of Public Toilet Units 2 Number of Seats Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur Sl. A B 1 2 3 4 Description Absent 79,240 20,000 2,770 0 1,02,010 588 1,203 SEWAGE
5.3.2
HOUSEHOLD TOILETS
The household latrines are conventional water-flush latrines and low cost sanitation (LCS) units, both of which involve individual on-site disposal systems. The conventional water-flush latrines discharge night soil waste into septic tanks, while the LCS units have a twin-pit mode of disposal. The overflows from these disposal units are let out into the roadside drains, which are primarily meant for drainage of storm water. There are also about 2,770 dry latrines in the MCJ limits, which need to be converted to water-flush-based latrines. As per the information available in the Corporation, about 60 per cent of the 165,400 households (as per 2001 Census) have individual toilets. This works out to about 99,240 individual household toilets, of which about 20,000 are LCS units. The rest of the population depends upon public toilets and/or resorts to open defecation for night soil disposal.
_____________________________________________________________________ 41
5.3.3
PUBLIC TOILETS
There are a total of 588 public toilet units in Jabalpur, comprising a total of 1,203 seats (588 for male and 615 for female users). Of these, MCJ maintains public toilets in most of the wards (994 seats - 485 and 509 for male and female users, respectively). Sulabh Sauchalaya International, an NGO active in the sanitation sector, maintains a few public toilets (209 seats - 103 seats for male and 106 seats for female use). Of the total 588 public toilet units, about 103 are pay-and-use toilets, while 485 toilets are for free use.
_____________________________________________________________________ 42
5.4 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

The primary sources of solid waste in Jabalpur City are local households, markets, commercial establishments, hotels, restaurants, and hospitals. The total quantity of waste generated per day is in the order of 411 tons at the rate of 432 gpcd. In the absence of significant tourism-related activity, there is no significant seasonal variation in the quantity of waste generated. The MCJ is responsible for collection, transportation and disposal of all solid waste generated in the city, except the untreated bio-medical waste and hazardous industrial waste, which is the responsibility of respective generators. MCJ has a network of community-level waste collection points, the majority of which are in the form of open grounds. The Corporation organizes the collection and transportation through a team of its own conservancy workers and a fleet of vehicles and dumper-placers. The Corporation has also privatized waste collection and transportation activities in some wards of the city. The waste collected is disposed at dumping yards on the outskirts of the city without any treatment. A number of rag pickers make their livelihood by salvaging recyclable waste from collection points and dump yards. The Health Department of the Corporation is vested with the responsibility of day-today solid waste collection and disposal. The estimated quantity of waste collected and disposed is about 330 tons per day - a collection performance of about 70 per cent.
5.4.1 QUANTITY OF WASTE GENERATED

There are no recent estimates of the waste generation levels in Jabalpur. A study carried out by the National Environment and Energy Research Institute (NEERI), Government of India, for Jabalpur in 1973, estimated solid waste generation rate at about 300 grams per capita per day (gpcd). Another detailed study for Energy Recovery from Urban Municipal and Industrial Waste in Jabalpur, carried out by the Ministry of NonConventional Energy Sources (MNES), Government of India in 1997 estimated the waste generation rate as about 346 gpcd. This indicates an average annual growth in waste generation rate by about 4 gpcd (increase by 100 gpcd over a period of 25 years 1973 to 1997). Assuming an annual growth of 4 gpcd in the per capita rate of waste generation, the current (2005) rate of waste generation works out to 432 gpcd, and the total waste generated would amount to 411 tons per day (at the rate of 432 grams per capita per day for a population of 9,51,469). In addition, about 10 tons of dairy waste is estimated to be generated from the several dairy farms in the city. This waste, mainly in the form of dung is consumed locally as
_____________________________________________________________________ 43
fuel and does not enter the solid waste management system. TABLE 5.16: ESTIMATION OF QUANTITY OF WASTE GENERATED IN MCJ Sl. 1 Description Rate of Waste Generation - grams per capita per day (gpcd) 300 400 100 4 432 {400+[4*(2005-1997)]} 411 Tons
Rate of waste generation in 1973 (NEERI Study) 2 Rate of waste generation in 1997 (MNES Study) 3 Increase in waste generation rate (1973 to 1997) 4 Average annual increase in rate of waste generation 5 Estimated current (2005) rate of waste generation 6 Total waste generated by current (2001) population of 9,51,469 @ 346 gpcd Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur About 56 per cent of the waste is generated from households (domestic waste), followed by hotels, restaurants and other commercial establishments which together account for over 25 per cent of the waste generated. The source-wise generation of waste as extrapolated based on the findings of the MNES study carried out in 1997 is presented in Table 5.17
Hotels & Rest aurant s 12%
Sources of Municipal Solid Waste

Commercial Est ab. 13% Gardens & Open Spaces 6% M arkets 9%
Hospit als 1%
Const. Sites 3% Households (Domestic) 56%
FIGURE 5.4: ZONES SHOWING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
_____________________________________________________________________ 44
TABLE 5.17: SOURCE-WISE QUANTITY OF SOLID WASTE GENERATED IN MCJ Sl. Source Category Quantity of Waste Generated (tons per day) 1997 (as per 2005MNES extrapolate Report) d 190 229.37 42 50.86 44 52.93 31 19 4 10 340 37.36 22.83 5.19 12.46 411 Percentage to Total % 55.81 12.37 12.88 9.09 5.56 1.26 3.03 100.00
Domestic (Households) Hotels and Restaurants Shops, Offices & Commercial Establishments 4 Markets 5 Gardens, Open Spaces & Street Litter 6 Hospitals, Clinics, other Health - Care Establishments 7 Construction Sites Total Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur
1 2 3
5.4.2 CONSTITUENTS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE

Table 5.18 presents the principal constituents of solid waste based on samples collected from the waste collection points and tested, as part of the MNES study. About 60 per cent of the waste collected is fermentable. The calorific value of the waste collected ranges from 846 to 990 kilocalories per kg. The average density of the domestic waste is about 362 kg per m3, while at the aggregate level, including waste from all sources, the density is about 465 kg per m3.
Constituents of Municipal Solid Waste
Ferment able M at ter 60% Rags 2%
Stone, Ash, Silt, et c. 30%
Wood, Rubber, leather 2%
Paper 4%
Plast ics, M et al, Glass, etc. 2%
_____________________________________________________________________ 45
TABLE 5.18: CONSTITUENTS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE Constituent Source Hous Hotels & Commercial Office eRestauran Establishmen s holds ts ts Percentage of Total Waste 56.69 53.36 11.70 4.70 2.87 3.66 8.80 1.93 4.04 11.21 43.69 61.64 2.27 8.64 10.30 8.91 0.38 1.80 2.50 2.50 0.42 2.62 1.52 1.57 2.03 4.49 7.24 2.20 30.90 5.76 12.11 16.47 2.13 8.46 2.04 6.79 362 ----
Collectio n Points 60.34 2.14 4.18 1.32 0.10 0.12 2.18 29.54 0.20 465
Fermentable Matter Rags Paper Plastics Metal Glass Wood, Rubber, Leather Stone, Ash, Silt, etc. Miscellaneous Average Density, kg./m3 Source: Indo US Fire Project
5.4.3 CURRENT MANAGEMENT
PRACTICES
OF
SOLID
WASTE
The Health Department of the Municipal Corporation is responsible for the collection and disposal of solid waste within the Corporation limits. Headed by a Health officer, the operations are managed by 5 Chief senior sanitary inspectors, 7 Senior sanitary inspectors and about 1,700 conservancy workers. The entire Corporation area is divided into 8 zones (with jurisdictions similar to the administrative zones), each comprising 6 to 7 wards. Figure 5.4 presents the organization of solid waste management zones in the city. A senior sanitary inspector heads each zone and is supported by sanitary supervisors. Each zone is again divided into 6 to 7 blocks or sectors comprising 3 to 4 beats covering the entire road length of 1102 kms. Table 6.3 presents the salient features of the various sanitary zones of Jabalpur. The collection operations are organized in two shifts, one in the morning commencing at 7 a.m. and the other in the afternoon commencing at 2 p.m. In each shift, the sanitary inspector of the division takes the attendance of the conservancy workers and assigns them the areas of waste collection. Generally, the important areas of the city are attended in the morning shift and the interior streets, including drain cleaning are attended in the afternoon shift. The solid waste management process may be classified under the following stages: Waste storage and segregation; Primary and secondary collection;
_____________________________________________________________________ 46
Waste processing and disposal; and Reuse and recycling.
5.4.4 WASTE STORAGE & SEGREGATION

There is no organized practice of waste storage and segregation at source. Only a few houses and large hotels segregate and store the waste on their premises. As is typical in most Indian cities, the waste is generally dumped by the generators in local dustbins, wherever provided or on the roadsides and in open spaces. The only segregation is carried out by rag pickers from the primary collection points - the local dustbins and garbage heaps on the roadsides and in open spaces.
5.4.5 PRIMARY COLLECTION
COLLECTION
AND
SECONDARY
Primary (collection from source or roadside dustbins/retail points) and secondary waste collection (collection from designated community-level/bulk points) arrangements in Jabalpur are not distinct from one another- they generally overlap.
TABLE 5.19: PRIMARY & SECONDARY WASTE COLLECTION POINTS Sl. 1 2 Category Open area Concrete rings Number 97 100 Existing situation Ground level, unpaved area With rectangular opening for manual removal 4.5 m3/7 m3 size in unpaved area. On unpaved area
3 Dumper-placer containers 335 4 1.0 m3 Containers 150 Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur
_____________________________________________________________________ 47
TABLE 5.20: SALIENT MANAGEMENT ZONES Zone Name Ward Nos. Populat ion Waste Generat ed (tons/d ay) 65
FEATURES
OF
SOLID
WASTE
Sweepi ng Beats 173
Collection Points
Sweepers
Vehic les Allott ed NA
Collection Frequency
1.Garha
2. Gorakhp ur 3. Sanjay Gandhi Market 4. Civil Lines 5.Ghanta Ghar 6.Bhan Tallaiya 7. Cherital 8. Ranjhi
1, 11, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 57 46, 47, 53, 55, 56, 58, 59, 54 13, 14, 20, 21, 22, 9, 8, 10 6, 5, 28, 32, 31, 33, 30 3, 4, 15, 7, 17, 16, 2 29, 19, 18, 36, 37, 26, 27, 35 12, 23, 24, 25, 38, 34, 40, 39 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 60
155,28 1 140,03 2 83,999 84,038 79,939
130
274
58
117
83
276
35 35 33
120 88 127
56 78 135
230(Co ntracted ) 241 384
3 NA NA
52 points daily rest alternate 40 Daily & 43alternate Days Daily Twice a week 60% daily & 40% alternate Daily Daily 40% alternate days & 60% twice-aweek
120,27 4 172,55 1 115,35 5
50 72 48
121 200 94
71 63 66
310 (Contra cted) 332 207
4 NA NA
Total
951,46 396 1040 9 Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur
--
682
1714 (540)
(A) PRIMARY COLLECTION There are very few organized/ appropriately equipped, primary collection points in the city. These primary collection points are in the form (of concrete ) cylindrical dustbins provided on the roadsides. As a result, households and other waste generators dump their solid waste at street corners and in local open spaces. These points have become the receptors of waste and are serving the role of primary and secondary collection points.
_____________________________________________________________________ 48
The predominant mode of primary collection is by way of street sweeping. The Corporation has commenced primary door-to-door collection in one ward of the town (Bhavani Prasad Ward), wherein the waste is collected from individual households directly through containerized handcarts. The waste collected from the households and the primary collection points is transported to the secondary collection points using wheelbarrows and containerized handcarts. At several locations, the waste from the primary collection points is directly loaded (manually) into the Corporations tractors/trucks and transported to the disposal site. (B) SECONDARY COLLECTION The Corporation has provided about 335 dumper-placer containers (7.0 cum capacity and 4.5 cum capacity) at various locations in the city - meant to serve the purpose of secondary collection points. At eight locations, open grounds are being used as secondary collection points. Such points are in the following areas: Niwarganj; CPTS; Latkai Ka Padav; Tilak Mandi; Gol Bazar; Cherital; Char Khamba; and Srinath ki Tallaiya.
The waste collected from the primary collection points and transported using wheel barrows and handcarts is transferred to the secondary collection points by the municipal conservancy workers. From the secondary collection points, the waste is transported to the waste disposal site at Ranital. Dumper-placer vehicles are used to transport the dumper-placer containers, while the waste from the open/ unorganized secondary collection points is transported using tractors and trucks - the waste from the ground is loaded into the vehicles manually and with the help of JCB loaders.
(C) PRIVATIZATION OF WASTE COLLECTION Waste collection and transportation operations in zones III and VI of the city have been entrusted to a private operator. The contractor is responsible for all conservancy activities in these two zones and is paid a lumpsum monthly fee.
_____________________________________________________________________ 49
(D) COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION AND NGO INVOLVEMENT The active involvement of the community and non-governmental organizations (NGO) in solid waste management has been lacking in Jabalpur. There is a complete lack of awareness among the citizens on how they could contribute towards effective management of solid waste - in activities of primary collection, segregation at source, waste minimization, etc. There have been some initiatives, though, by Hamara Jabalpur (Our Jabalpur), an NGO, in association with the Corporation, which has taken up the task of promoting waste storage and segregation at source and door-to-door collection. This is being attempted in one municipal ward (Bhavani Prasad Ward) on a pilot basis, and will be replicated in other parts of the city in a phased manner. Also, one of the JDA colonies has come forward with a proposal to organize a community - level, vermi-composting unit for local disposal of solid waste as well.
5.4.6
PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL
There is no scientific disposal of solid waste in Jabalpur. Most of the waste collected is dumped in a crude manner in a large water body called Ranital located within the city. Located adjacent to the scavengers' colony, the site receives around 200 tons of waste every day and is marked by slum settlements on one side and water on the other side. The waste dumped at this site is spread uniformly by means of a JCB excavator, so as to make way for further disposal. However, during monsoon, dumping is impossible at this site due to flooding. The waste is therefore disposed in several low-lying areas in and around the city.
5.4.7
REUSE AND RECYCLING
Rag picking and recycling activities are predominant in Jabalpur, though operating in an informal market. The Corporation, during a recent survey, identified around 119 rag pickers and 127 recycling depots. The rag pickers scavenge the waste from the primary and secondary collection points, as well as from the disposal site, sort their collections and sell them to middlemen running the recycling depots. Most of the recycling depots are located near the present disposal site at Ranital. Table 5.21 presents the zone-wise number of rag pickers and recycling depots as identified from the survey. However, a rough estimate based on discussions with the rag pickers and depot owners indicates that there could be around 3,000 to 5,000 rag pickers involved in this activity. Inquiries with the depot owners reveal that their procurement price for recyclable waste is Rs 0.75/kg for paper, Rs 1.0/kg for glass, and Rs.2.50/kg for plastic. Recyclable waste collected is exported to major recycling units at Indore, Nagpur and Delhi.
_____________________________________________________________________ 50
TABLE 5.21: INVENTORY OF RAG PICKERS AND COLLECTION DEPOTS IN MCJ Sl. Zone No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Rag Pickers Numbers Zone 1 19 Zone 2 14 Zone 3 24 Zone 4 0 Zone 5 4 Zone 6 12 Zone 7 12 Zone 8 0 Total 119 Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur. 5 9 17 8 16 51 18 4 128 Collection Depots
5.4.8
VEHICLES FOR SOLID TRANSPORTATION
WASTE
COLLECTION
&
(A) VEHICLES FLEET The Corporation owns 57 vehicles for different activities of solid waste management. Of these, 41 are meant for the collection and transport of waste from the collection points to the disposal site. There are 9 JCB loaders, meant for loading waste from open secondary collection points - one for each of the eight zones and one spare. Six vehicles fitted with equipment for silt removal and cleaning of drains are engaged for drain cleaning, and one excavator is employed at the disposal site for spreading the waste disposed. Table 5.22 presents the details of vehicles engaged for solid waste management.
_____________________________________________________________________ 51
TABLE 5.22: SUMMARY OF VEHICLE UTILIZATION FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Number of Vehicles Operated Maximum Average Municipal Vehicles September 26 21 October 26 22 November 25 20 25.67 21 Average Private Vehicles September 7 6 October 7 6 November 7 6 7.00 6 Average Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur (C) MAINTENANCE OF VEHICLES All the vehicles, including the vehicles meant for solid waste management, are maintained at the Corporations workshop, which is equipped to carry out routine maintenance and minor repairs. The workshop has no facilities to conduct major repairs, especially for special vehicles with hydraulic systems. Repairs of these vehicles are often entrusted to authorized service centers or the manufacturers. Month Average No. of Trips Maximum Average 4.10 4.20 4.00 4.10 ----3.86 3.89 3.72 3.82 4.09 4.26 4.52 4.29
5.4.9
ESTIMATION OF WASTE COLLECTION
Municipal vehicles involved in manual or mechanical loading of waste from collection points make an average of about 3 trips per day to the disposal site, while the dumperplacers carry out at least 4 trips per day. The private contractors vehicles carry out 4 trips per day on an average. Table 5.22 presents the estimation of the vehicle capacity adequacy. Based on the capacity of the vehicles and the number of trips, the capacity of the vehicles engaged in solid waste collection and transportation works out to about 625.50 cum per day, or 291 tons per day, assuming the average density of the solid waste at 465 kg/cum as measured from samples at the collection points. This works out to a vehicle capacity adequacy ratio of about 70 per cent (of the 411 tons per day of waste generated). However, at any point of time, at least 25 per cent of municipal vehicles are not in use, due to breakdowns. Thus, the quantity of waste collected by municipal vehicles per day would be about 145 tons (75 per cent of total carrying capacity of 193 tons), while that of private contractors vehicles would be about 98 tons, indicating a total collection of 242.5 tons per day. The waste collection performance thus works out to about 61 per cent.
_____________________________________________________________________ 52
5.5
5.5.1

EXISTING DRAINAGE SYSTEM
The drainage system in Jabalpur comprises of a hierarchy of natural and man-made drains and water bodies that ultimately discharge surface run-off of storm water into Pariyat River and Narmada River to the north and south of the city respectively. The water from the Pariyat eventually meets Hiran, which is a tributary of Narmada meeting it at the down stream end. There are a total of six primary drains, 173 secondary drains and several kilometers of tertiary drains in Jabalpur. There are 10 major water bodies at different locations in the city.
5.5.2
MAJOR WATER BODIES
There are several large and small water bodies in Jabalpur, many of which form the major drainage nodes and are being used for recreational and religious purposes. Some of the larger water bodies include: Jabalpur Tank; Adhartal Tank; Madhotal Tank; Hanumantal Tank; Ranital Tank; Ganga Sagar Tank; Gulaoa Tank; Supatal Tank; Gangatal Tank; Sagda Tank; Sangram Sagar Tank; Bal Sagar Tank; Maharajtal Tank; Kolhatal Tank; and Devtal Tank.
5.5.3
PRIMARY DRAINS
The primary drainage network of Jabalpur City comprises six natural drains, which eventually discharge the citys rainwater into Narmada River. The six primary drains of
_____________________________________________________________________ 53
the city are: Omti Nallah; Moti Nallah; Urdana Nallah; Shah Nallah; Khandari Nallah; and Pariyat River. (A) OMTI NALLAH Omti Nallah, one of the main drains for rain water drainage from the city, flows through the heart of Jabalpur City. Dense developments have occurred on either side of the Nallah. The Omti Nallah starts from CMS compound, Civil Lines and flows through Ghamapur, Omti, Ghantaghar, Bus Stand, Madan Mahal, Sneh Nagar, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Adarsh Colony, Shatabdipuram, Kanchgar city and ultimately passes through agricultural fields and culminates in to the Pariyat River at chainage 1,066. The natural slope of the nallah is approximately 1:20 and is suitable for lining with suitable falls. The calculated discharge at chainage 12,510 meters is 328.74 cumecs with a velocity of 3.18 m/sec. The catchment area of this nallah is approximately 44.75 sq.km. During monsoons, the low-lying catchment area of the Omti Nallah- viz. the areas of Hathital, Madan Mahal, Garha, Sudama Nagar, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Cherital Sheetalpuri, Anand Nagar and Adhartal often flood due to the back water flow from the Pariyat River. This may be attributed primarily to the seasonal bunding in the fields down stream of Omti Nallah coupled with silting of channels. We propose to channalise and cover the Omti Nallah in 3K.M. length and channalise 5 k.m. without cover. (B) MOTI NALLAH Moti Nallah starts near N.H.-7 (Kasai Khana) and flows through Badi Madar Tekri, Thakkargram, Gohalpur, Laxmipur, and then meets Urdana Nallah at Chainage 3,500. The Urdana Nallah merges with the Omti Nallah that ultimately culminates into the Pariyat River. The measured discharge at 2 km downstream of Gohalpur Bridge is about 150.20 cumecs with a velocity of 3.0 m/sec. The catchment area of the Moti Nallah is approximately 25.21 sq. km. The nallah is channelised with concrete bed and masonry. (C) URDANA NALLAH Urdana Nallah is in the northern part of the city and passes through less densely
_____________________________________________________________________ 54
populated areas of Shobhapur, Adhartal Industrial Estate and Adhartal area. The nallah begins at Jabalpur Lake whose area is approximately 76 Ha, and conveys the overflow of the lake to Omti Nallah. (D) SHAH NALLAH Shah Nallah is a minor drain that originates in the cantonment area. It flows towards the southern part of the city and culminates in the Khandari Nallah. It drains the wastewater from the Cantonment area, which is relatively less densely populated. (E) KHANDARI NALLAH Khandari Nallah starts from the area east of Kajarwara locality and flows in the east-west direction. This nallah culminates in the Narmada River. (F) PARIYAT RIVER The Pariyat River flows from east to west along the northern boundary of the city. The Pariyat Dam overflow and seepage is the starting point of this river. The Pariyat River meets Hiran River, a tributary of Narmada River. It caters to a substantial area lying on the outer periphery of the city.
5.5.4 SECONDARY DRAINS

There are a total of about 173 secondary drains constructed in different part of the city. These essentially drain water from different areas of the city into primary drains, water bodies and low-lying fields in the outskirts of the city. TABLE 5.23 presents the administrative zone-wise number of secondary drains in MCJ. TABLE 5.23 : SECONDARY DRAINS IN MCJ Sl. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Zone No. Name of Zone Number of Secondary Drains
I Garha 25 II Gorakhpur 10 III Sanjay Gandhi Market 20 IV Civil Lines 18 V Ghantaghar 37 VI Bhantallaiya 22 VII Cherital 19 VIII Ranjhi 22 Total 173 Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur The secondary drains are lined with masonry, exhibiting poor condition due to
_____________________________________________________________________ 55
inadequate maintenance and repairs. A significant number of secondary drains are kutcha (not lined). The beds and lining of most drains are damaged. The general gradient of the secondary drains is adequate, facilitating drainage of storm water in to the primary drains and water bodies.
5.5.5 TERTIARY DRAINS

Tertiary drains are roadside drains constructed by the MCJ for collecting and conveying storm water to the secondary and primary drainage network. TABLE 5.24 presents the summary of tertiary drains in the MCJ limits. TABLE 5.24 : SUMMARY OF TERTIARY DRAINS IN MCJ Drain Type Length (Kms) Open Pucca 480.00 Closed Pucca 0.00 Total Pucca Drains 480.00 Total Kutcha Drains 515.00 Total Drain Length 995.00 Total Road length in MCJ 1102.00 Drain Length as % of Total Road Length Number of Vehicles for Drain Cleaning (Hitachi TMX Mini) Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur Sl. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Percentage 48.24 0.00 48.24 51.96 100.00 -90.2 6
The total length of tertiary drains is about 995 kms, comprising 480 kms of pucca drains (lined with brick or stone masonry and pre-cast RCC sections) and about 515 kms of kutcha drains (un-lined). Considering the total road length of in MCJ limits, the drain-toroad length ratio works out to about 68%. However, about 52 per cent of the tertiary drains are kutcha drains, which need to be converted to Pucca (lined) drains in a phased manner. In addition to storm water discharge these drains are also being used to discharge sullage and septic tank overflows. Most of the drains are open and are choked with silt and garbage. The Corporation owns six vehicles fitted with equipment to de-silt drains, which it employs for cleaning of choked drains
5.5.6
FLOOD-PRONE AREAS
The flooding pattern in Jabalpur has been significantly influenced by the construction of the Bargi Dam on the Narmada River. Major floods prior to construction of the dam occurred in years 1952, 1972 and 1973. The areas flooded included Yadav Colony, Agrawal Colony, and areas upto Ranital Chowk, and the areas of Wright Town, Napier Town, P&T Factory, etc.
_____________________________________________________________________ 56
Subsequent to the construction of the Bargi Dam, Jabalpur has experienced flooding during normal monsoons (as in 1991, 1994, 1998 and 1999) primarily due to the high intensity of rains and discharge from the Bargi Dam. The highly flood-prone areas in MCJ are: Areas lying in the catchment area of Ukhari Nallah; Areas lying at the foot-hills of the Madan Mahal Hills; and Other isolated low-lying pockets across the city.
The Municipal Corporation has been addressing the flooding problem on a piece-meal approach, attempting to solve local flooding problems by constructing tertiary drains in flood-prone areas and linking them to secondary drains. Scientific and permanent solutions are worked out.
5.5.7 FLOODING NALLAH
IN
CATCHMENT
AREA
OF
UKHARI
The areas lying in the catchment area of the Ukhari Nallah are more prone to flooding during the monsoon, when the nallah overflows and floods the areas on either side of the road from Baldeo Bagh to Damoh Naka. The water level on the road reaches up to 2 feet above road level.
The residential colonies adjoining the nallah, such as Gujarati Colony, Punjab Bank Colony, State Bank Colony, Patrakar Colony, Rameshwaram, Panchsheel, Sheo Nagar, Cherital Low Income Housing Colony, Jagdamba Colony and Kamla Nehru Nagar are also affected. A part of Scheme No. 5 JDA, Nav Adarsh Colony, Agrawal Colony also gets flooded. The slope of these areas declines towards the Omti Nallah. Some old lowlying agriculture fields converted to residential areas also are partially flooded during the monsoons. TABLE 5.25: FLOOD PRONE AREAS IN THE CATCHMENT OF UKHARI NALLAH Sl. Ward No. Ward Name Flood-prone Areas 1 Cherital Baldeo Bag Square, Saraswati 12 2 23 Deen Dayal Krshi Upaj Mandi, Madhotal, Shanti Upadhyay Nagar 3 11 Vivekanand Jagdamba, Rameshwaram, SBI Colony, Sheetalpuri, JDA Scheme No. 5 4 1 Kamla Nehru Adarsh Colony, State Bank Colony, Sneh Nagar, Agrawal Colony 5 34 Netaji Subhash Katra Basti 6 35 Lal Bahadur Shastri Panchsheel School 7 39 Chitranjan Ram Nagar, Alok Nagar, Ravindra Nagar 8 40 Deewan Adhar Singh Anand Nagar, Adarsh Nagar Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur
_____________________________________________________________________ 57
5.5.8 FLOODING IN FOOT-HILLS OF MADAN MAHAL HILLS

The areas around the Madan Mahal Hills in the southern part of the city have experienced significant development over the last few years. A large number of slums have come up on the slopes of the hills as well. As a result, the natural flow channel of storm water is disturbed, which has made the area flood-prone, especially the area between the National Highway and Kripal Chowk and the area between the National Highway and the railway line. Some of the worst affected areas include Sudama Nagar, Shukla Nagar, area near B.T. Bungalow, and Madan Mahal Chowk. Areas adjacent to the railway line become waterlogged up to a level of about 3.5 feet. TABLE 5.26: FLOOD PRONE AREAS IN THE FOOTHILLS OF MADAN MAHAL HILLS Sl. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ward No. 48 49 50 51 47 53 55 52 56 Ward Name Veer Savarkar Garha Indira Gandhi Rani Durgawati Narsingh Gupteshwar Giriraj Kishore Flood-prone Areas Sheo Nagar, Shukla Nagar, Sudama Nagar Garha Bazaar, State Bank Colony, Shahi Naka Road Gautam Ji Ki Madia, B.T. Bungalow Deotal Road, Baghatal, Koshta Mohalla Jai Narayan Layout JDA Scheme No. 9 Kripal Chowk, Free Church Pal Chouraha, Hathital Cremation Ground Prem Nagar, Post Office, Gupta Colony Bharat Colony, JDA Scheme No. 2A
Madan Mahal Shaheed Gulab Singh Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur
_____________________________________________________________________ 58
5.6
STREET LIGHTING
The provision and maintenance of streetlights is an obligatory function of the Municipal Corporation. The Corporation executes the work of installing new streetlight poles, including drawl of cables through the Madhya Pradesh Electricity Board. In cases of new colonies developed by Government agencies and private developers, the colonizer provides the street light poles and cabling, while the subsequent operation and maintenance is carried out by the Corporation. The Corporation also provides for temporary lighting arrangements in case of fairs and festivals organized in the city. The Lighting Department of the MCJ is responsible for replacement, repairs, operation and maintenance of streetlights in the city. The department is also responsible for all lighting-related works in the Corporation, including the maintenance of building lighting and traffic signal lighting.
5.6.1 EXISTING SITUATION

(A) NUMBER OF STREETLIGHTS
There are about 22628 street light poles in Jabalpur City, including those provided in JDA and MPHB colonies. Considering a total road length of about 1102 km in the MCJ limits, the average spacing of streetlight poles works out to about 48.70 meters, which is comparable with a norm of 25 to 30 meters. Of the 22628 poles, 2900 are vacant poles and need to be provided with lighting fixtures. Table 5.27 summarizes the number of streetlights in MCJ, by type of lighting fixture. The total number of lighting fixtures is 20128 of which about 1.98 per cent are ordinary bulbs, which have a poor lighting quality and lesser life than the conventional fluorescent tube light fixtures and high power fixtures. COMPOSITION OF STREET LIGHTS BY FIXTURE TYPES
BULB 2%
HIGH POWER FIXTURE FLOURESCENT TUBES 56% 42%
High power fixtures account for about 42 per cent of the total fixtures and comprise high mast lamps, sodium vapor lamps (a mix of 70W, 150W, 250W and 400W), mercury vapor lamps (125W and 250W), and metalite fixtures (250W and 40W). Such high power fixtures are provided along major roads and important road junctions and public places.
_____________________________________________________________________ 59
Conventional fluorescent tube lights ( 4, 40 W), which have a relatively longer life and are economical in terms of their power consumption compared to bulbs account for about 56 per cent of total streetlights. TABLE 5.27: SUMMARY OF STREET LIGHTS IN MCJ Sl A B 1 2 3 4 5 Description Street Lights Percentage -1.13 37.97 2.93 55.99 1.98 100.00 --
Numbers Number of Poles 22628 Number of Street Light Fixtures- by Type High Mast Lamps 229 Sodium Vapor Lamps 7638 Mercury Vapor Lamps 590 Tube Lights (40 W- 4') 11271 Bulbs 400 Total Fixtures 20128 2500 C Vacant Poles Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur (B)
EQUIPMENT FOR STREET LIGHT MAINTENANCE
The installation of streetlight poles and cabling works are carried out by the MPSEB, upon request (by way of a demand note containing the proposed locations and types of fixtures) and payment by the Municipal Corporation. For day-to-day operation and maintenance, the Corporation owns two tower-mounted vehicles (one each procured in 1988 and 1998) meant to facilitate repair and replacement for streetlight fixtures. (C) OPERATIONAL SYSTEMS FOR STREET LIGHTING
The city is divided into four street lighting operational zones, viz. East Zone West Zone South Zone North Zone Each zone has several junction points that house the main switch and electrical meters for a set of streetlights. Electricity board controls the main switches through their employees.
_____________________________________________________________________ 60
5.7 FIRE SERVICE

The Fire Department, which is responsible for services related to fire fighting and support during calamities, is one of the oldest departments of the Municipal Corporation. This department was established in 1948. This Department provides services to the rural hinterland as well. The Fire Department is also responsible for attending to emergency calls for rescue operations in accidents like drowning, and for the capture and disposal of dangerous stray animals that are a nuisance to society. During 2004-05, the department attended 336 calls in urban areas and calls in rural areas in and around Jabalpur. The estimated savings in property due to interventions of the fire services department in urban and rural areas amounted to a value of about Rs. 125 Lakh and Rs. 100 Lakh, respectively.
5.7.1 VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT FOR FIRE FIGHTING AND RESCUE OPERATIONS
The Fire Department owns and operates 6 fire tenders for the purpose of fire fighting and rescue operations during accidents related to fire, drowning of human beings and animals. TABLE 5.28 : DETAILS OF VEHICLES FOR FIRE-FIGHTING AND RESCUE OPERATIONS Sl. Vehicles Description 1 Fire Water Tender 2 3 4 Water Tanker-cum-Fire Tender (local make) Mini Fire Tender Fire Tender Numbers 2 2 1 1 Make and Year of Purchase TATA 1210 Diesel; purchased in 1987 and 1982 TATA 608 Diesel; purchased in 1992 Mahindra Jeep Diesel, purchased in 1987 Diesel Converter type, purchased in 1971
Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur The department does not possess any specialized equipment that is required for fire-fighting and rescue operations. Moreover, five out of the six existing fire tenders are quite old (aged between 18 to 30 years) and are experiencing frequent breakdowns.
_____________________________________________________________________ 61
5.7.2
OPERATIONAL SYSTEMS
The Municipal Corporation has only one central fire station, which is located in the heart of the city, adjacent to the existing Municipal Corporation office building (on the rear side). This fire station houses the administrative office and the sheds for the fire tenders. All complaints/calls for rescue operations are attended to from the central fire station. There is a need to spread the fire stations to other appropriate locations across the city. Also, the fire station does not have a separate access/ exit route. The fire tenders have to share the common entry/exit gate of the Corporation, which could lead to delays during emergencies.
_____________________________________________________________________ 62
6. URBAN POOR AND THEIR ACCESSIBILITY TO BASIC SERVICES
6.1
POVERTY IN THE CITY
2001 census indicate that the slum population at jabalpur in 275544 i.e. 28.76% of the total population. This is higher compare with the nation average of 15.16%. Earlier number of notification indicating various figures ranging from 30 to 70 % of the urban population has been published. A total of 63,372 households in Jabalpur have been identified as those living Below Poverty Line (as per the Survey of Below Poverty Line (BPL) Households conducted under Swarna Jayanti Shehari Rozgaar Yojna (SJSRY) - Golden Jubilee Urban Employment Scheme - of the Government of India in 1997-98). This would mean that roughly 39 per cent of total households (165,400) in the city are living Below Poverty Line. Although the figures available suggest that a majority of slum dwellers in Jabalpur are living Below Poverty Line.
6.1.1
SLUMS IN JABALPUR
Slums and squatter settlements are essentially products of urban poverty. In the context of urban basic service delivery, almost by definition, the population living in slums lacks access to basic infrastructure services like safe water, sanitation, solid waste collection and disposal, drainage, access roads, street lights, neighborhood amenities like safe play areas for children and community facilities, and electricity connections. Hence, for the assessment of service accessibility by the urban poor, slum settlements have been considered as an appropriate representation of the urban poor. The M.P Gandi Basti Kshetra (Sudhar tatha Nirmulan) Act, 1976 (M.P slum AreaImprovement & Relocation Act) defines slums in a similar fashion, taking housing conditions and access to services as the basic criteria for defining an area as a slum. A survey of slums conducted by MCJ in 1995-96 identified 328 slums, while new slums that have mushroomed, need to be notified. Based on discussions with the local ward councilors and zonal health officers, slums that need to be notified and those ones that have come into being since 1996 have been identified. The count now stands at 331 slums in Jabalpur. A large number of slums and slum population in Jabalpur, some of which are as yet, unidentified squatters without any legal standing or secure tenure, translate into miserable and unhealthy living conditions, which affects the slum dwellers economic productivity and cumulatively, that of the city as a whole. The absence of water supply, disposal of
_____________________________________________________________________ 63
human waste and garbage collection may be identified as the three most important factors that endanger the health and wellbeing of people living in slums. Provision of these basic urban services has traditionally been a municipal function. In Jabalpur, an estimated 2,75,544 persons 28.96 per cent of the total population lives in slums, which are essentially poor communities or neighborhoods mainly characterized by dilapidated housing, absence of basic amenities and unsanitary living environment. Demographic characteristics like concentration of slum population, proportion of slum population to zone population, and land-related attributes like land ownership and tenure status have been studied for each of the identified 331 slums. Service levels (percentage of households in a slum having access to a service like water supply, toilets, electricity, and percentage of pucca roads in a slum) in all 331 slums have also been looked into, in detail. General characteristics of Jabalpur slums, based on the site conditions, are summarized in the following section.
6.1.2
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SLUMS
The following observations are derived from site visits of slums in Jabalpur. Secondary data on all 331 slums in the city was collected and analyzed as well these are presented in the subsequent section on status of slums in Jabalpur. (A) SOCIAL SET-UP The social composition of a majority of slums comprises Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other backward castes. Most of the slums or mohallas have predominantly one caste staying in it, for example, Patels or Harijans or Bain Samaj or, people from one place of origin. However, in some of the slums, the original settlement housed a single caste or social group, but later, other social groups also started moving in, creating a wider social mix. (B) EMPLOYMENT A majority of the working population in slums is engaged in factories. Many also work as rickshaw pullers, construction laborers and daily wagers. Informal activities like roadside food and pan stalls, and home-based small businesses. (C) AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD SIZE The average household size in slums in Jabalpur is 6.8 versus 5.7 for the city as a whole. In Muslim households in slums, the average household size ranges between 10 to 12. (D)AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD INCOME
_____________________________________________________________________ 64
On an average, slum households have a monthly income of Rs. 1500 per month, the range being Rs. 600 to Rs. 5,000. (E) HOUSING TYPE
There are mainly two different types of slums in Jabalpur characterized by different types of housing conditions. While some, like Naya Mohalla, Phootatal, etc., have pucca houses or mud houses with tiled roofs in congested areas of the City with narrow lanes, others have houses that are entirely made of makeshift materials wood, bamboo and plastic/tarpaulin sheets. The former are older slums with some basic level of services, while the latter have virtually no services at all. (F) HEALTH Most slum dwellers consult private doctors due to lack of proximity to government hospitals and perceived delay in treatment. The average fee of a General Physician is Rs. 30 to Rs. 50 per visit. With medicines, the average expenditure per visit works out to Rs. 100. Government hospitals like Victoria Hospital and Elgin Medical College/Hospital are consulted only as a last resort the general perception being that no treatment takes place there. In the poorer slums, the lack of awareness of family planning practices is evident. (G) EDUCATION In most of the older slums in the City, children have access to primary schools and the drop-out rate up to middle school does not appear to be high. Literacy levels, especially female literacy in all, are extremely low (estimated at about 30 per cent). Most slum households send their children to government schools and corporation schools. (H) EVICTION Eviction of squatters is undertaken jointly by the Municipal Corporation and the District Urban Development Authority (DUDA). Not much attention has been paid so far to resettlement and rehabilitation of squatters. As a result, the evicted population generally comes back and settles in the same area again. The lack of investment in housing and basic services is evident in these slums. These are also the slums where the poorest
_____________________________________________________________________ 65
households in the city live most children in slums with insecure tenure do not have access to schooling.
6.2 STATUS OF SLUMS

The details of slums in Jabalpur in terms of location, concentration of slum population, land ownership and tenure status and access to basic urban services. It coredates secondary information collected for each of the 331 slums in the city and presents a picture of poverty and slums in the city of Jabalpur.
6.3
LOCATION OF SLUMS
FIGURE 6.1: LOCATION OF SLUMS Most slums in Jabalpur are located along roads or major drains/nallahs, or along railway lines. Others are located on hilly tracts. Figure 6.1 indicates location of slums.
TABLE 6.1 LOCATION OF SLUMS
_____________________________________________________________________ 66
Near Low Along Along Pond Lying Railw Road /Riv Areas ay Margin er Line 1 I 14 8 2 9 2 II 0 3 7 23 3 III 4 0 0 8 4 IV 0 4 0 25 5 V 2 0 3 10 6 VI 1 0 2 11 7 VII 1 0 0 25 8 VIII 7 2 0 13 29 17 14 124 Total Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur Table 6.1 presents the summary of location of slums in Jabalpur. It is evident from the table that:
S l.
Zone No.
Alo ng Drai ns 7 6 12 6 17 18 12 2 80
Slopes of Hillocks 6 4 0 15 1 3 0 11 40
Others
Total
46 44 32 50 47 37 38 37 27
46 44 32 50 47 37 38 37 331
A lo ng railway line 4%
Location of Slums in Jabalpur

A lo ng ro ad margin 38%
A majority - 124 slums in Jabalpur, are Lo w lying area located along road margins, while 5% another 80 slums are along drains. Near water bo dy As many as forty slums are situated on 9% the slopes of the several hillocks that dot the city. Hill slo pes A lo ng drain Other 12% Twenty-nine slums are located in the lo catio 24% ns 8% vicinity of ponds and two slums on river banks. Slums located in low lying areas (17 slums) and those adjoining drains are prone to flooding during the monsoons.
6.4 CONCENTRATION AND POPULATION
OF
SLUM
LOCATION
Slums in Jabalpur are spread all over the city, with the maximum number located in Wards 49 (Garha Ward, having 14 slums), 16 (Rabindranath Tagore Ward, having 13 slums), 17, 18 and 28 (Maharishi Arvind, Khermai and Aacharya Vinoba Bhave wards, with 12 slums each). Table 6.2 presents the zone-wise concentration of slum population. TABLE 6.2 ZONE-WISE SUMMARY OF CONCENTRATION OF SLUM POPULATION AND PROPORTION OF SLUM TO ZONE POPULATION, 2001 Zone No. & Name No. of Zone Slum Slum toShare in
_____________________________________________________________________ 67
Slums IGarha II- Gorakhpur III- Sanjay Gandhi Market IV- Civil Lines V- Ghanta Ghar VI- Bhan Talaiya VII- Cherital VIII- Ranjhi Total * Source: Census of India, 2001. # CARE & MCJ, 2001. 46 44 32 50 47 37 38 37 331
Population Populatio * n# 155,281 140,032 83,999 84,038 79,939 120,274 172,551 115,355 951,469 39,128 26,866 24,937 43,178 24,716 31,990 49,625 35,104 275,554
Zone Population (%) 25.20 19.19 29.69 51.38 30.92 26.60 28.76 30.43 28.96
Slum Population (%) 14.20 9.75 9.05 15.67 8.97 11.61 18.01 12.74 100.00
Cherital Zone (Zone VII) accounts for about 18 per cent of the total slum population. All the other zones account for 9 to 15 per cent of the total slum population. However, within each zone, there are some wards, which account for more than 25 to 30 per cent of the total zonal slum population. TABLE 6.3: NUMBER OF WARDS BY PROPORTION OF SLUM POPULATION Sl. Proportion of Slum to Total Ward Population 1 Upto 25 per cent 2 26 to 50 per cent 3 51 to 75 per cent 4 Above 75 per cent Total Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur Number of Wards 14 23 14 9 60
Table 6.3 presents the summary of number of wards by class intervals of proportion of cslum population to total population at the ward level. At the aggregate level, 28.96 per cent of Jabalpurs population lives in slums.
6.5 LAND OWNERSHIP & TENURE STATUS
(A) LAND OWNERSHIP Most slums in Jabalpur are located on government and private lands. Government land includes land belonging to the central, state or municipal government. Private land, on the other hand, belongs to individuals. Certain slums are spread over adjacent government and private lands.
_____________________________________________________________________ 68
TABLE 6.4: ZONE-WISE NUMBER OF SLUMS BY LAND OWNERSHIP Number of Slums on: Govt. Private Govt. & Pvt. Land Land Land 1 I 3 38 5 2 II 21 20 3 3 III 15 12 2 4 IV 37 13 0 5 V 2 18 0 6 VI 13 19 4 7 VII 25 10 3 8 VIII 29 4 4 Total 145 134 21 Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur Sl. Zone No. Total Data NA 0 0 3 0 27 1 0 0 31 46 44 32 50 47 37 38 37 331
Table 6.4 presents the zone-wise summary of the number of slums by land ownership.
Of the 331 slums in the city, 145 are located on government land, while 134 slums are located on private land. Differences in land ownership patterns do not seem to have had any major implications on tenure status in Jabalpur slums, as most of the slum households in the recognized slums have been given legal titles to their plot of occupation under various government programs.
Ownership of Land on which Slums are Located

P rivate land 40% Go vernment & P rivate land 6%
Data No t A vailable 9%
Go vernment land 45%
(B) TENURE STATUS Though all the slum areas are on encroached public or private land, the Government has from time-to-time issued the slum households I (legal ownership/title of land), as part of its policy to ensure tenure security to the poor and landless. TABLE 6.5: ZONE-WISE NUMBER OF IDENTIFIED SLUMS BY PROPORTION OF HOUSEHOLDS HAVING LEGAL TENURE Sl. 1 2 3 4 Zone No. I II III IV Number of Slums by % HHs having Patta (Legal Tenure) <25 per 26-50 per 51-75 per 76-100 per cent cent cent cent 0 0 0 46 4 2 0 38 7 1 0 24 0 4 12 34 Total 46 44 32 50
_____________________________________________________________________ 69
V 27 0 VI 13 2 VII 0 0 VIII 3 2 Total 54 11 Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur
5 6 7 8
0 0 0 0 12
20 22 38 32 254
47 37 38 37 331
Table 6.5 presents the zone-wise summary of the number of slums by the percentage of households having a legal title to the land occupied by them. In 254 of the total 331 slums, over 76 per cent of the households have pattas/tenure security. It appears that tenure security in the identified or recognized slums is not an issue. However, unauthorized slums in the city face a constant threat of eviction.
6.6 UNIDENTIFIED POPULATION
SLUMS
AND
HOMLESS
There are 331 identified slums. The list of the slums is attached Annexure I .While the identified slums have some security of tenure and fall under the purview of municipal service provision, the unidentified, or informal slums and peri-urban settlements fall outside the net of formal service provision. People living either in unrecognized slum settlements or on pavements, live in virtual absence of basic services. There is no available estimate of this population in the city, or the coping strategies adopted by them.
6.7 URBAN BASIC SERVICES IN SLUMS

Access to basic services is now deemed a criterion for identification of the poor and poor areas in a city (essentially slums). The responsibility for service provision in an equitable manner lies with municipal government, which finds it difficult to meet growing gaps in service levels of a burgeoning urban poor population. Information on access to services in slums within municipal limits in Jabalpur has been collected from a variety of sources. These include primary and secondary data as well as discussions with zonal officers, Councilors of each ward, local political leaders, and local people, corroborated by site visits to certain slums (to ascertain the authenticity of information gathered). The Municipal Corporation does not follow any specific, laid down standards for service provision to the poor in the city. However, in places where there is a water supply network, on an average, taps are located 50m apart. Where there is no network, hand pumps or tube wells with pumps are provided. Generally, one hand pump serves 100 households. No specific criteria are followed for provision of toilets - these are provided wherever space is available.
_____________________________________________________________________ 70
The first analysis on account of overall levels of access of slum settlements in Jabalpur to basic services like water supply, sanitation, roads, and electricity. Next, a comparison between levels of access of slum population to water and sanitation versus that of Jabalpur population as a whole is made.
6.8
SERVICE LEVELS IN SLUMS
While the benefits of improved water supply and sanitation, and its implications on the health and well-being of a population is well known, one-third of Jabalpurs population lacks access to adequate water supply and sanitation. At the city level, access to water (individual connections) stands at roughly 40 per cent (including about 9 per cent of unauthorized connections) and access to individual toilets at approximately 60 per cent, but in city slums, the figures are dismal, with merely 22 per cent and 15 per cent of slum households having access to individual water connections and individual toilets, respectively. It must however, be mentioned that although access to individual water connections (which is ideal) in Jabalpur slums is low, most slum households do have access to public sources of supply (public stand post taps/hand pumps/wells) within 100 meters of their dwellings (well within UNCHS Habitats norm of 200 meters). It is only in slums located on hilly tracts that access to even public sources of supply of safe water is a problem. On the other hand, lack of access to sanitation (toilets) is a universal problem faced by the slum population across almost all slums in the city. Service levels in the slums are assessed based on the availability of basic services at the slum level. It covers core civic services including roads, water supply, sanitation and electricity. Ideally, the analysis should have included service levels in slums for solid waste management, health and education as well.
TABLE 6.6: BASIC SERVICES IN SLUMS IN ALL ZONES OF MCJ Sl. Service Coverage - %* <25% 26-50% 51-75% 76-100% Number of Slums with Corresponding Service Coverage Level Water Water Sanitatio Road Electricity Supply Supply n LCS s HSCs PSP/ HP 226 75 197 96 11 22 7 19 7 5 15 2 21 55 46 52 247 25 146 254
1 2 3 4
_____________________________________________________________________ 71
Data not 16 69 27 15 Available 6 Total 331 331 331 331 331 * Service Coverage is expressed as per cent of slum households having access to a service in case of all services, except roads. In case of roads, service coverage is expressed as a percentage of the total roads in the slum that is surfaced with concrete or bitumen. Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur (A) WATER SUPPLY Access to water supply in each slum is examined in terms of: Percentage of households having access to household connections in each slum, and Percentage of households dependent on public/common sources of supply including public stand posts, hand pumps, and wells. The following observations on water supply are made. Most of the older slums have public taps or hand pumps. In almost all the slums water is supplied through public taps twice a day, for about two hours in the morning and another few hours in the evening. Residents in tow slums meet frequent incidence of water-borne diseases, indicating water quality problems Ujar Purva Basti, Kasturba Ward, close to the waste dump at Ranital, and in Behna Mohalla, adjoining a large drain in DSilva Ward. Hilly slums are afflicted by high fluoride content in water drawn from hand pumps. In general, slums located in hilly areas of the city are the worst off in terms of access to water. House service connections in these slums are unheard of public sources are therefore the mainstay. Piped water supply is a difficult proposition in such areas due to the gradient factor. Hand pumps are virtually the only possible source of supply in such areas. However, in most hilly areas of Jabalpur, hand pumps yield water containing fluorides above permissible limits, rendering it non-potable. As a result, people living in such slums often have to traverse distances greater than 150m to fetch water. There is a need to identify alternate sources of supply to these slums within a reasonable distance. Information available on individual and public sources of water in Jabalpur slums reveals: As many as 226 of the total 331 slums fall under the category of below 25 per cent of households having House Service Connections (HSC). It may be presumed that most slum households face a constant threat of lack of water supply; In 52 slums in the city, the water supply situation is a little better, with 75-100 per cent households in these having individual water connections; The remaining slums in the city fall in the intermediate ranges of 25-50 per cent and 50-75 per cent households with individual connections; As many as 247 slums ( over 74 per cent of slums) are badly served, where 75100 per cent households that are dependent on public sources of water
_____________________________________________________________________ 72
A total of 75 slums in the city (approximately 22 per cent) are well served by individual connections and therefore have less than 25 per cent of households that are dependent on public sources of supply.
(B) SANITATION Access to sanitation is one of the most pressing problems in almost all slums in Jabalpur. In most of the slums visited, women in particular expressed their dissatisfaction with the lack of access to toilets, forcing them to travel long distances at odd hours, for open defecation. In as many as 197 slums (about 60 per cent), in the city, less than 25 per cent of households have individual toilets (Low Cost Sanitation). A majority of the remaining households in these 197 slums resort to open defecation, while a few have dry latrines connected to open drains. Merely twenty-five slums in the city have a significant proportion of households with access to individual toilets.
Interaction with the community in fewslum revealed that the poorest households cannot afford and are therefore unwilling to contribute even a nominal amount towards construction of toilets. However a nominal amount for use can be recovered for the services sendered by the corporation. (C) ROADS In the slums in core area of the city roads have been provided pucca roads under the National Slum Development Program. (D) As many as146 slums in the city have more than 50 per cent pucca roads. About 30 per cent (96 slums) of the total slums in Jabalpur do not have any pucca road or if present, it is below 25 per cent of the total roads in the slum. Pucca drains (albeit open) have been provided wherever pucca roads have been constructed in slums in the city. ELECTRICITY Majority of slums in Jabalpur have access to electricity. Only 11 slums are badly served, with less than 25 per cent of households having electricity connections. A problem that came to light is that of access to electricity by the poorest of the poor. In Phootatal, for example, which is a relatively better off settlement, an estimated five per cent of the population was seen to lack access to electricity. These were the poorest households in the slum.
_____________________________________________________________________ 73
Thus, any attempt at improving infrastructure levels in slums and address the issue of access to electricity by the poorest households is being made.
7. PUBLIC AMENITIES 7.1 SPORTS FACILITIES
At present there are 2 stadiums under the municipal corporation which are inadequate. There are other stadiums of police department, railways, MPEB and cantonment board. There is one swimming pool at Bhawartal developed by
_____________________________________________________________________ 74
municipal corporation of Jabalpur. The existing stadium and swimming pool requires modernization.
7.2
ENVIRONMENT
The city nestles with low hills all around which adds to the beauty of cityscape. The process of growth in urban activities is always a threat to the natural landscape. The Madan Mahal hill on south, A.O.C hills on east, Karia pather, Siddhababa hills on North East and Tilwara Ghat hills on the extreme south are Major open lung spaces which adds to the environment of the city. There are number of big and medium sized water bodies like Jabalpur Tank, Ranital, Tank etc. which are the back bone of ground water and adds to the environment of the city. The city has one of its own kind big forest within the municipal corporation limit on Dumna road near airport.
7.3
CITY GARDENS AND RECREATION
The open space near Khandhari reservoir is being used as a park by citizens of Jabalpur Katiya ghat & Gandhi udyan at Tilwara Ghat is also identified as city level open space. There are number of small gardens left in the layout by JDA, MPHB and Private Colonizers which add to the environment of the city.
7.4
WATER FRONT DEVELOPMENT
The holy Virgin River Narmada is creating the southern boundary of Jabalpur city. The citizens are visiting the banks of river Narmada at Gwarighat & Tilwaraghat to take a holy dip on hindu festivals people from the surrounding districts come for a holy dip in huge numbers.
7.5
HEALTH FACILITIES
As in most Indian cities, health and medical facilities are generally provided by the private sector and State Government hospitals. The State Government hospitals are generally utilized by urban poor, primarily due to subsidized costs. There is a clear-cut, socioeconomic division in the population that utilizes public and private health facilities and services.
_____________________________________________________________________ 75
Health-related obligatory functions of the Municipal Corporation are restricted to a few conservancy and health-related activities, while the Directorate of Health, GoMP provides major governmental health facilities. The Health Department of MCJ is responsible for public health-related activities including:Conservancy and sanitation; Providing basic health facilities - essentially curative services through the Indian system of medicine (homeopathic, ayurvedic and unani forms of medicine); Prevention of food adulteration; Monitoring and regulating dangerous and offensive trade activities; Issue of birth and death certificates and maintaining relevant records; and Carrying out some of the health-related programs of the State/Central government. A substantial amount of Corporation resources are spent on conservancy and sanitation related activities and a few other functions listed above. The Corporation runs a few homeopathic (5 numbers) and ayurvedic/unani dispensaries (13 numbers). However, the patronage of these facilities is extremely poor, primarily due to the lack of adequate infrastructure and shortage of appropriately qualified medical practitioners. The shortage of drugs and medicines is also one of the reasons for low utilization of these facilities.
7.5.1
BASIC HEALTH INDICATORS
A recent study carried out under the European Commission-funded Reproductive Child Health (RCH) program for urban poor reveals that some of the health indicators in Jabalpur are a matter of concern and were lower to than the national average. Table 7.1 presents some of the key health indicators of Jabalpur from the RCH study. The total fertility rate (TFR) at 3.50 is at par with the national average, but the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is among the highest in the country at 9.5 deaths per 1,000 live births as against the 4.08 in the country. The Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) at 88 deaths per 1000 births is also on the higher side, compared to the national average of 7.1.
TABLE 7.1 : BASIC HEALTH INDICATORS Sl. 1 2 3 4 5 Indicator Crude Death Rate (CDR) Crude Birth Rate (CBR) Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) Total Fertility Rate (TFR) Value 9.50 31.50 88.00 9.50 3.50
_____________________________________________________________________ 76
Source: Indo US Fire Project Data on the morbidity pattern in the city is not available, but the RCH report identifies infectious and parasitic diseases, respiratory system diseases and cardio-vascular diseases as predominant. The morbidity pattern related to complications during pregnancy and child-birth is relatively low, but the maternal and child mortality rates (MMR and IMR) are quite high compared to national averages, which is a matter of concern.
7.5.2
MEDICAL FACILITIES PROVIDED BY MCJ
The role of the Corporation with regard to providing medical facilities is restricted to the running of dispensaries achieving curative services under the Indian system of medicine, viz. homeopathic, ayurvedic and Unani forms of medicine. The Corporation runs 13 ayurvedic/unani dispensaries and 5 homeopathy clinics. Data on the utilization rate of these facilities is not available, but discussions with Corporation officials reveal that the facilities are hardly utilized, primarily due to the lack of basic facilities, drugs and medicines. The Corporation does not provide any allopathic facilities - the allopathic facilities are provided by the Department of Health and Family Welfare and the private sector (see box)
Allopathic Health Care Facilities in Jabalpur The Department of Health and Family Welfare of the State Government provides allopathic health care services through their own network of dispensaries, urban family welfare centers and hospitals. There is a Government-run Medical College Hospital, which is a major referral hospital for the entire district. Health Facilities providing Allopathic Services Type of Hospitals Allopathic Civil Dispensaries/Urban Family Welfare Centers Government Allopathic Hospitals Hospitals and Nursing Homes in Private Sector No of Units 14 8 41
The Urban Family Welfare Centers mainly provide reproductive and child health-related services. These centers are mainly diagnostic and referral units, and treat only minor ailments. For any kind of major ailment the patients approach reputed hospitals, viz. district level hospital - Victoria Hospital or the Medical College hospital. There are about 41 health care delivery units in the private sector. According to the Corporations estimate, these facilities cater to more than 90 per cent of the citys population. There are approximately 1500 beds in the private sector alone, with an average of 1.57 beds per thousand persons. There are a few private hospitals providing specialized services as well.
7.5.3
ROLE OF MCJ HEALTH PROGRAMS
Most of the ongoing national level and state level health programs are being implemented through the Department of Health and Family Welfare of the State Government. Some such programs include: Family welfare program;
_____________________________________________________________________ 77
Program for immunization of infants; Program for immunization of pregnant women; Other mother and child care-related programs; Cataract operation and blindness control program; Leprosy control program; Tuberculosis control program; National malaria control program; Diarrhea program; and Pulse polio campaign.
The State department seeks assistance from the Municipal Corporation for different components of its program, including campaigning, provision of infrastructure, enlisting beneficiaries, etc. There has been a recent Government order delegating some of the preventive health care and related functions to the Municipal Corporation. Such functions include: Implementation and monitoring of Malaria Eradication Program and Immunization - related programs; Supervision of all hospitals in MCJ limits, and Functional control over employees in the health sector and authority for recommendations on health sector reforms. However, the Corporation has not been able to take on these additional responsibilities, primarily due to lack of adequate manpower, facilities and resources.
7.6
EDUCATION FACILITIES
The Education Department of the Corporation is fairly small with an Education Officer as its departmental head. The Municipal Corporation is the monitoring authority for all schools within its limits, but there is an overlapping of jurisdiction and functions as the Education Department of the State Government has control over administrative and financial aspects of the schools. Steps have been initiated to transfer the entire administrative control of all schools within the Municipal limits to the Municipal Corporation. The State Government and private schools impart majority of the education. The Municipal Corporation runs 7 schools- 1 primary school and 6 higher secondary schools. The total number of students enrolled in the Corporations schools is about 1,300. There are about 234 State Government run schools, 105 State Government aided schools and over 1,500 private schools of different hierarchies. Jabalpur City is characterized by a large service-class workforce, employed in several public sector units and Government institutions. As a result, the literacy rate is quite high at about 85 per cent (for population above 7 years of age). These schools are serving the urban poor of the city.
_____________________________________________________________________ 78
7.7
OTHER MUNICIPAL SERVICES / FACILITIES
In addition to the core civic and health and education services, the Municipal Corporation also provides other facilities, manly in the form of social amenities like gardens, libraries, swimming pool, community halls, parks, playgrounds, sports facilities and rest houses. Table 7.2 lists some of the salient other facilities provided by the Municipal corporation. TABLE 7.2 : OTHER FACILITIES PROVIDED BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATION
Sl 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Description Manas Bhavan Auditorium Makhanlal Chaturvedi Sabha Bhavan Uprenganj Sabha Bhavan Gandhi Bhavan Library Garha Library Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla Stadium Shahid Udayan Swimming Pool Jawahar Library Uprenganj Library Gokalpur Library Madan Lal Chaturvedi Library Area (45000 sft) 150'x300' (1500 sft) 50'x30' (2500 sft) 50'x50' (32000 sft) 400'x800' (5000 sft) 100'x50' 3 acres (16000 sft) 400'x400' (12000 sft) 200'x600' (600 sft) 20'x30' (600 sft) 20'x30' (600 sft) 20'x30' (1500 sft) 50'x30' Location Right Town Ganjipura Uprenganj Ram Manohar Lohiya Ward Garha Ward Right Town Right Town Bhanwartal Park Ranital Uprenganj Gokalpur Ganjipura Description/ Facilities Seating capacity of 900 Community Hall Community Hall Library and Park Library Table Tennis, Boxing, Gymnasium, Playground Basket Ball & Badminton Courts International Standard Reading Room Reading Room Reading Room Reading Room
8. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENT

Urban management in India is facing new challenges in the form of large concentrations of population in urban areas, opening of the economy and the resultant demand for quality services, growing number of urban poor, inadequate financial resources and complexities of urban situations. As a result, urban management has not remained an exclusive responsibility of the
_____________________________________________________________________ 79
municipal corporations. There are other organizations that are responsible for urban management like urban development authorities, special purpose boards and corporations, and the State Government department controlling the affairs of urban development. As a result of these agencies and the definite roles assigned to them in overall urban management, the municipal corporation is required to closely work with and share the responsibility of urban management with them. The agencies involved in urban management and development in Madhya Pradesh (and in Jabalpur) are: Urban Administration and Development Department; Town and Country Planning Department; Jabalpur Development Authority; Public Health Engineering Department; Madhya Pradesh Housing Board; Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board; and Municipal Corporation (of Jabalpur).
8.1
URBAN ADMINISTRATION AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT

The Urban Administration and Development Department (UADD) of the Government of Madhya Pradesh is an administrative department that controls the organizations related to urban development, including municipal corporations, councils and nagar panchayats. This department is also responsible for implementing the schemes related to urban poverty alleviation. The UADD is responsible for implementation of the following Acts in the state:
Madhya Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act, 1956; Madhya Pradesh Municipal Council Act, 1961; Cruelty to Animals Act, 1971 (provisions applicable to urban areas); Vidisha (Bhelsa) Ramlila Act, 1956; Simhastha Mela Act; Slaughter of Animals Act (provisions applicable to urban areas); Madhya Pradesh Slum Area (Development and Irradiation) Act, 1976; and Madhya Pradesh Cycle Rickshaw (Regulation of License) Act, 1984. The UADD is also responsible for implementation of various public welfare schemes sponsored by the Central and State Governments. Some such
_____________________________________________________________________ 80
schemes include Conversion of Dry Latrine Program, Swarna Jayanti Urban Employment Scheme, National Slum Development Program, Social Security Group Insurance Scheme, Janashri Insurance Scheme etc. These schemes are implemented through the District Urban Development Agency. Being the parent organization of Municipal Corporations, UADD monitors the functioning of all municipal corporations in the state.
8.2
TOWN AND DEPARTMENT
COUNTRY
PLANNING
The activities of Town and Country Planning Department (TCPD) are guided by the provisions of the Madhya Pradesh Nagar Tatha Nivesh Niyam, 1973 (the Rules). The Rules provide for the appointment of a Director to head this department. There are other officers like Additional Director, Joint Director, Deputy Director and Assistant Director of TCPD to assist him. This department comes under the Housing and Environment Department of the Government of Madhya Pradesh. The State Government, as per provisions of the Rules declares a region including major urban areas and its surrounding settlements as a planning area, and orders the preparation of a development plan for the region. The Director of the TCPD, with the assistance of the administrative setup provided to him, carries out the following activities: Survey of the entire region; Preparation of existing landuse map; and Preparation of a regional development plan.
8.3
JABALPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

The Madhya Pradesh Nagar Tatha Gram Nivesh Niyam 1973 (the Act) provides for formation of development authorities in the State. A Chairman to be appointed by the State Government. The Jabalpur Development Authority (JDA) was formed vide notification dated 17-9-1979 published in Rajpatra Pt.2 dated 11.1.1981. The primary objective of JDA is the implementation of the development plan prepared by the TCPD for Jabalpur planning area, which includes the area under the jurisdiction of the Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur (MCJ) and 53 surrounding villages. The total area of the Jabalpur planning area is 243.17 sq. km. The functions of JDA as specified in the Act are as mentioned below.
_____________________________________________________________________ 81
Acquisition, development and sale or leasing of land for the purpose of town expansion; Acquisition, relaying out of, rebuilding, or relocating areas which have been badly laid out or which have developed or degenerated into slums; Acquisition and development of land for public purposes such as housing development, development of shopping centers, cultural centers, and administrative centers; Acquisition and development of areas for commercial and industrial purposes; Undertaking of such building or construction as may be necessary to provide housing, shopping, commercial and other facilities; Acquisition of land and its development for the purpose of laying out or remodeling of road and street patterns; Acquisition of land and its development for playgrounds, parks, recreation centers and stadiums; Reconstruction of plots for the purpose of buildings, roads, drains, sewage lines and other similar amenities; and Any other work of a nature that would bring about environmental improvements, which may be taken up by the authority with the prior approval of the State Government.
8.4
PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

The Public Health Engineering Department (PHED) is responsible for implementation of water supply and sewerage projects in the urban and rural areas of the State. All the water supply projects of MCJ have been designed and implemented by the PHED. The PHED also operates and maintains the water supply systems in most of the urban areas and all the rural areas of the state. However, in the case of Jabalpur, operation and maintenance of the water supply systems have been transferred to MCJ since 1995-96. A recurring grant is paid by PHED to MCJ to meet the expenses for operation and maintenance of the system.
8.5
MADHYA PRADESH HOUSING BOARD

Madhya Pradesh Housing Board (MPHB) falls under the administrative and functional control of the Housing and Environment Department of GoMP. The operations of the Board are governed by the provisions of the Madhya Pradesh Housing Board Act, 1972, and rules formulated therein, amended from time to time. The key functions of MPHB, as per its governing Act and rules include:
_____________________________________________________________________ 82
To acquire land from the Government, private parties and/or other departments for construction of properties; To design, plan, construct, supervise and sell residential flats and commercial complexes; To undertake deposit works for Government departments like Education, Welfare, Tribal Welfare Departments, etc. for construction of schools, hostels, etc.; and To undertake repair and reconstruction work of old structures.
8.6
MADHYA BOARD
PRADESH
POLLUTION
CONTROL
Implementation, supervision and monitoring activities pertaining to Central Pollution Control Acts and Rules vests with the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Government of India, and the respective State Pollution Control Boards formed/constituted under its rules. Madhya Pradesh State Pollution Control Board (MPPCB) headquartered in the state capital, Bhopal, carries out its operations through seven regional offices, each located at the divisional headquarters. The main function of the regional offices is to monitor the implementation of provisions of various Acts governing pollution control and prevention and the Rules framed under such Acts. The pollution prevention and control Acts include: The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974; The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act 1977; The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981; The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986; and The Public Liability Insurance Act 1991. MPPCB is also responsible for implementation of the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 of CPCB, which spell out responsibilities of the state pollution control boards and the urban local bodies. MPPCB is the monitoring authority with respect to ground water, ambient air, and compost quality in urban areas. The Board is also required to monitor processing and disposal facilities for municipal waste, with the approval of the State Urban Development Department, Town and Country Planning Department, and Ground Water Board. According to the Rules, the Municipal Corporation is responsible for implementation of the provisions and infrastructure development for collection, storage, segregation, transport and processing of solid waste in the town.
_____________________________________________________________________ 83
The major areas of concern of MPPCB with regards to MCJ functions are: Management of solid and liquid waste disposal; Waste water management; Improvement of roads and plantation of trees; Traffic management to control vehicular pollution; and Proper planning of the city.
_____________________________________________________________________ 84
9. DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Jabalpur is situated in seismic zone III. We have experienced the last earthquake in 1997 having an intensity of 7.1 on Richter scale some other shocks were felt in the year 2000 & 2001. the city is situated on Narmada fault which is sensitive for seismic movements For disaster management a team of the officers and employees of the corporation is notified. Some tools and plant required to take care disaster is also created by the corporation. Public awareness campaign, Codal provision of seismic zone to be strictly adhered to and institutional strengthening of MCJ to take care of calamity is required.
_____________________________________________________________________ 85
10. HERITAGE SITES

Jabalpur has number of natural and man made structures symbolic of the rich cultural heritage of the region. In the urban development process archeological and historical importance of the remains of building and structure if they are in use even today multiplies their importance. Such structure deserves conservation and protection. Jabalpur development plan 2005 has identified 15 such locations for preservation Folling 15 location has identified in JDP 2005. MADAN MAHAL KILLA HIGH COURT DHARMSHALA SHAHEED SMARK KAMANIYA GATE TOWN HALL GUPTESHWAR MANDIR PISANHARI KI MADHIYA BHAWAR TAL PARK AND RANI DURGAWATI MUSEUM BAL SAGAR, GANGA SAGAR, DEV TAL, SHELPARN TAL, HANUMAN TAL AND SANGRAM SAGAR GHATI TILWARA GHAT, GWARIGHAT, LAMHETA GHAT AREA OF BALANCING ROCK OTHER HISTRORICAL BULIDINGS, MANDIR ETC. HANUMAN TAL BARGI HILLS
1. MADAN MAHAL
Carved out of a single rock in the 17th century, Madan Mahal is a historical piece of engineering is situated at one of the highest places in Jabalpur. The city as a whole can be seen from there
_____________________________________________________________________ 86
2. HIGH COURT
The building was designed by Herring an offer of P.W.D. The building was completed in the year 1890 with a cost of Rs. 3.00 Lacs. After recognition of the state in 1956 at is occupied by high court of M.P. Extension to the building has been carried out maintaining the Architecture theme of the building.
3. VICTORIYA HOSPITAL
Victoria Hospital is an elegant Building constructed in the year 1876 having on area of 10.25 areas.
4. TOWN HALL
Town hall premises Built in 1892 as a town hall the building now serves as apublic library with rare books which students refer to specially with regard to the history of Jabalpur.
The dharmshala was constructed in the year 1905 and was inaugurated in the year 1911 the place serves as a dharmshala night shelter.
5.
DHARMSHALA
_____________________________________________________________________ 87
11. CONCLUSION
Jabalpur city before independence was treated as one of the most important place in Central India by British rulers. The process continued till the reorganization of the Indian states. After, reorganization of the state Jabalpur could not get due importance in Madhya Pradesh. The city started deteriorating due to lack of political leadership resulting in lack of funds required for infrastructure development. Economy of the city was driven by bidi business manufactures and defence production units. When we look back we find inadequate infrastructure stagnant economic growth and high urban poor in city. All our natural resources and heritage have been destroyed, damaged and deshaped. Jabalpur municipal corporation and the city have come across an important opportunity with JAWAHER LAL NEHRU URBAN RENEWAL MISSION to rethink about the development of the city.
CITY DEVELOPMENT VISION
THE CHALLENGE IS TO RECOGNIZE THE STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION TAKING PLACE IN THE CITY ECONOMY AN ENLARGED INFORMAL SECTOR, SHIFT FROM A TRADITIONAL LARGE DEFENCE MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES TO SMALL-SCALE FIRMS, INCREASE IN SERVICE AND KNOWLEDGE BASED
_____________________________________________________________________ 88
INDUSTRIES. IT IS IMPORTANT TO ASSESS THE IMPACTS OF THIS CHANGE ON THE POOR. INNOVATIVE POLICIES AND STRATEGIES ARE NEEDED TO ENHANCE ECONOMIC GROWTH AND GENERATE EMPLOYMENT FOR THE POOR. APPROPRIATE TOOLS AND METHODS FOR ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF URBAN AREAS ARE NEEDED TO BE DEVELOPED TO PROVIDE A STRONG BASIS OF POLICY FORMULATION AT THE LOCAL LEVEL.
THE NEED
The need for the overall development of Jabalpur city is to formulate; A consensus vision statement for the city that recognizes its comparative strengths advantages in the national and regional context, and is owned by the city administration and the majority of stakeholders; An agreed strategy framework for growth and poverty reduction with assigned roles for each stakeholder group of city; Demonstration or pilot activities to be carried out by internal resources, highlighting commitments of the city government and local stakeholders; An investment framework with sources of finance, including donor support.
Economy Vision
The establishment of a viable and robust economic base
Objectives
_____________________________________________________________________ 89
To firmly establish the city as a viable and diversified regional trading center, the hub of tourism activity in the region, a regional center for education, and for health care and convalescence by 2021 To exploit the available land inside the corporation limits To stimulate greater investment in economic development particularly in infrastructure development, housing, social services, and tourism To substantially reduce present levels of unemployment and underemployment by 2021 To bring services for urban poor at par with the level of city infrastructure.
Environment Vision
By 2021, to make significant improvements in all aspects of the urban environment and related standards of public health
Objectives To improve the environment of the city with an emphasis on drainage and sanitation , and in the long term, to make Jabalpur as one of the cleanest, greenest, and healthiest city. To improve the low hills all around city by plantation and development in such a manner that they become lung of city. To protect and preserve water bodies, develop their catchment area so as to have clean water. The water bodies will act as Nucleus of ground water harvesting, recreation centre and environment mile stone. Develop primary and secondary drains by channelisation, coverage, to improve environment and health.
Infrastructure and Services Vision

By 2021, to secure access to an internationally acceptable standard of civic amenities, municipal services, and urban infrastructure for all citizens of Jabalpur
_____________________________________________________________________ 90
Objectives
To facilitate the incremental upgrading and expansion of infrastructure by developing roads and transport system, services like water supply, sewage etc. throughout the city including services for urban poor to internationally acceptable standards.
Urban Governance, Finance, and Resources Vision

By 2021, to turn Jabalpur Municipal Corporation (JMC) into a fully committed, efficient, well organized, resourced, and equipped urban management organization that is capable of providing first-rate service to its citizens.
Objectives To significantly improve the level of urban and financial management by increasing internal revenue generation through a simpler tax structure and a more efficient collection system To improve interagency collaboration and coordination to ensure timely access to planned national and state funding and attain agreed development goals and targets within time frame. To strengthen MCJs capability through organizational improvements, streamlining of its management system, and implementation of staff training programs To encourage more representative grass roots involvement and civil societys participation in the planning and implementation of the citys programs To attract greater private sector involvement and investment in planning and development initiatives.
The objectives can be achieved through Creating urban investment funds and tapping different sources through external agencies (grants through central government, state government and agencies like WORLD BANK,ADB,ICLEI and USAID-FIRE(D)) Generating employment through the development of the secondary and tertiary sectors (Revamping of ancillary and other industries as well as IT software parks,
_____________________________________________________________________ 91
retail supermarkets/warehouses, hotels and food industry, and small scale industries. Preparing and implementing projects and programs designed to exploit the tourism industry (Marble rocks and Dhuandhar waterfall at Bhedaghat .Other attractions including the Chausath Yohni temple, Madan Mahal fort, and several water bodies in and around the city. Development of the city as a transit point for tourists visiting the Kanha National Park and Bhandhavgarh National Park By developing the city as a center for higher education
The vision for the city of Jabalpur will emphasize on goals like eradication of poverty and to hasten local economic development. This can be achieved by funding investments in infrastructure development, improving slums, creating employment opportunities to increase household incomes, and strengthening partnerships between the government, private sector, and civil society. The vision involves the city functioning as a major regional growth center. There is a need to develop better marketing channels, improve transport of goods, and further exploit citys tourist potential. Jabalpur will continue to be the administrative and educational center of Madhya pradesh. It will become a center for higher education in management (IIITM), engineering, medicine, and law. Jabalpur has got a strong potential to become a transit point for domestic and international tourists. The long-term goal of the city is to become a clean, healthy, wealthy Jabalpur.
TO DEVELOP JABALPUR AS REGIONAL GROWTH CENTER WITH IMPETUS AND OPPORTUNITY FOR INNOVATION IN SOCIAL, CULTURAL, ECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT. DEVELOP URBAN BASIC SERVICE LEVEL TO ALL BY 2011.
WATER SUPPLY
Major issues a) Inadequate water supply levels despite availability of a perennial surface water source of Narmada River b)Inequitable distribution of Strength Presence of river Narmada Strategies a)Exploring possibility of source augmentation considering Jabalpur citys share from the Narmada river and other potential sources
_____________________________________________________________________ 92
existing water, due to leakage, inadequate distribution network capacity, old pipelines and in-appropriate zoning system c) Large number of unregistered/ un-authorized connections
b)Carrying out a detailed inventorization and mapping of the water supply network including details of pipe and pipe appurtenances c)Carrying out a detailed system study, and bring all to tax network. d)Preparing operation and maintenance manuals for system maintenance.
2010 2015 2020
100%water supply coverage and metered connection 100% cost recovery 100% water supply in newly developed areas.
SANITATION AND SEWERAGE Major issues Strength a) Absence of a Already centralized sewerage existing drain system in the city- a sections can sewerage system has be utilized been designed for for the Jabalpur by the PHED, proposed but has not been network implemented. b)Presence of a large number of dry latrines and Surface and ground water pollution caused by septic tank c)Inappropriate means of disposal of septic tank sludge in open grounds, canal banks or at the solid waste dumping site at Ranital d)Inadequate and illmaintained public sanitation facilitiesdependence public convenience seat available for slum population is very high.
Strategies a)Updating of sewerage master plan and design prepared by PHED and implementing the sewerage system through innovative financial structuring, involving public, private and consumer participation; b)Promoting and facilitating adoption of low cost-sanitation units at the household level, so as to replace all dry latrines and reduce dependence on public conveniences; and c)Involving community/NGO/private sector in construction, operation and maintenance of public convenience facilities.
2010 Implementation of centralized sewerage scheme
_____________________________________________________________________ 93
2015 Hygienic sanitation facilities for all 2020 Underground sewerage network for the whole city
DRAINAGE
Major issues a)Inadequate tertiary drains. Over 50 per cent of the existing tertiary drains unlined (kutcha drains); b)Back flow significant silting and obstructions in the primary and secondary drains, hampering natural flow channels c)Septic tank overflow and domestic sullage discharged into the storm water drainage system d)Absence of a storm water drainage and flood control plan for Jabalpur city 2010 2015 2020 Strength Covereing of drains and construction of proper drain section will provide the MCJ with reclaimed land. Strategies a)Preparing a comprehensive storm water drainage master plan. b)Preparing manuals for periodic cleaning and desilting of different hierarchies of drains.
Construction of drains covering 100% roads Implementation of comprehensive storm water drainage master plan Flood free city
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Major issues Strength Strategies a)Absence of clear a) Preparing and implementing a demarcation between comprehensive solid waste management plan, primary and including systems for efficient waste secondary waste collection, transportation and disposal collection systems b)Inadequate b)Detailing a waste collection and vehicular capacity for transportation system including options of
_____________________________________________________________________ 94
waste collection and transportation d)Absence of safe and hygienic disposal facility current practice of waste dumping at Ranital. e)Absence of safe disposal systems for disposal of hospital and other hazardous waste - which are currently being mixed with municipal waste
waste segregation at source, involvement of rag-pickers and community based organizations c)Planning, designing and implementing scientific and hygienic waste disposal system, including localized disposal means like vermicomposting and centralized disposal means involving appropriate technology/mix of technologies - this would include special treatment of hospital and hazardous waste d)Preparing and implementing a project implementation/management structure involving public-private partnership, including citizens, NGOs and community, in order to ensure efficient implementation and management.
2010 Implementing a comprehensive solid waste management plan 2015 Implementation of scientific & hygienic waste disposal system for MCJ 2020 Review & Strengthening of total system
ROADS AND TRANSPORTATION

Major issues a) Poor quality of urban roads b)Rampant encroachment, permanent and temporary, significant proportion of slowmoving traffic and absence of pedestrian paths, resulting in reduced capacity of the roads, especially in inner-city and market roads c)Improper geometric designs leading to congestion d) Absence of a periodic road maintenance plan as well as traffic management plan. e) Absence of transport system. Strength strategies a) Develop urban roads with footpath, central verge, drains etc. b)Preparing a detailed road register and designing and implementing a system to update the same on a regular basis, including details of construction and repair/maintenance history c)Preparing and adhering to a comprehensive periodic road maintenance plan d)Assessing the feasibility of MCJ procuring and using its own basic plant, equipment and machinery for minor/routine road repair and maintenance works. e) Develop system. public transport
_____________________________________________________________________ 95
2010 Decongestion of the pressure areas of the city. and enchroachments.restoration and construction of major roads 2015 Implementation of traffic management plan 2020 Review transportation system
removal
of
URBAN POVERTY AND SLUMS

Major issues Strength a) Lack of community involvement in planning for urban poor b)Absence of need-based fund allocation and under-utilization of available funds under GoMP/GoI schemes c)Inappropriate slums identification of Strategies Appropriate identification & to eradicate slums by providing housing & infrastructure at par with others
d)Inadequate access to safe sanitation and water supply(located on hill tops) facilities in most slums e) Lack of tenure security in many slums inhibiting service provision by MCJ f) Absence of clear and effective policy for resettlement and rehabilitation of displaced squatters due to slum relocation g)Lacuna in welfare programs for the poor beneficiaries not aware of their entitlements 2010 Water supply and sanitation facilities to all the urban poor 2015 Basic services to all slum dwellers and integrated development. 2020 To eradicate slums
1. ROAD TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM 1.1 DEVELOPMENT SCENARIOS
_____________________________________________________________________ 96
Based on the selected regional development pattern, the assigned size of Jabalpur city needs to be accommodated within the city planning limits. The planning parameters have been identified which need to be considered while evolving urban development scenarios. These parameters are: Population Economy Mobility Modal share and Transport system With each parameters three different scenarios viz. pessimistic, conservative and optimistic have been considered. Table D.1.1 shows various alternative scenarios evolved. TABLE D.1.1 URBAN DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES PARAMETERS POPULATION ECONOMY MOBILITY PESSIMISTIC Unabated growth size (2021) :17.23 lakhs Decline in existing WFPR:30% Decline in Mobility levels PCTR (veh) : 0.70 Stagnant public transport modal share : 14.76% Stagnant Road network system with deterioration in LOS CONSERVATIVE Trend based growth size (2021): 13.75 lakhs Present level in WFPR to continue WFPR: 31.4% Present Level in mobility to continue PCTR (veh) :1.00 Moderate improvement in public transport modal share : 20% Moderate improvement in road network system, Maintenance of existing LOS OPTIMISTIC Panned Dispersal growth size (2021:15.09 lakhs High growth WFPR WFPR:33% Higher mobility levels PCTR (veh) : 1.20 Higher share of public transport modal share :40% Intense development of road network system with HCBS, high LOS
MODAL SHARE
TRANSPORT SYSTEM
1.2
PLANNING PERIOD
The planning period is taken as 20 year. The horizon year for all estimates and planning programme will be 2021. The most acceptable scenario under each planning parameters is briefly described here under:
1.2.1
POPULATION SIZE
_____________________________________________________________________ 97
The potential population size of Jabalpur city ranges between 13.75 lakhs and 16.28 lakhs. The population size will be finalized on an analysis of regional development pattern. The probable size would be around 15.0 lakhs for the city 19 lakhs for the study area as a whole.
1.2.2
ECONOMIC BASE
The economic base of the city is important to sustain the growth of the city and maintain the standard of living. Considering the regional importance of Jabalpur, a balanced mixed economic base comprising industry, education, trade and commerce, administration and tourism will be appropriate. The WFPR of Jabalpur in 1991 was 31.4% The WFPR during the horizon year is expected to be around 33%.
1.2.3
MOBILITY
The household survey levels the per capita trip rate (PCTR) of Jabalpur is 1.47 including walk and 1.00 excluding walk. With economic development, higher vehicle ownership, good public transport system and increased mobility the PCTR would increase. Future travel demand estimates will be made based on travel demand models calibrated for the base year.
1.2.4
MODAL SHARE
The modal share in favour of public transport (including para transit) in Jabalpur is a low of 14.76% in the context of resource conservation (land, energy,) sustained development and environmental quality, it is necessary to improve the public transport share to a level of 30% to 40%. The study group on Alternative System of Urban Transport, set up by planning commission, Government of India has recommended the desired modal share for city size. For a city of 1.5 m it is proposed to adopt to a modal share of 40% as per the study group recommendations.
1.2.5
TRANSPORT SYSTEM
As of now the predominate travel modes are bicycles and two wheelers while public transport technology is conventional buses (standard and mini). However as the city grows and travel demand increases is necessary to identify more appropriate transport technology to service the city needs. Amongst the myriad of available technologies, the high capacity bus System (HCBS) seems to be most appropriate opinion for the city.
1.3
1.3.1
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY
Three alternative strategies of population distribution have been proposed. These are: (A) BROWNFIELD DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
_____________________________________________________________________ 98
This Strategy aims at the conservation of land and accommodation of all future development under present developed area primarily though redensification of existing development area further is also assumed that population increase shall follow the existing natural trend. (B) GREENFIELD DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
The strategy aims at extending the development into Greenfield areas to accommodate the additional population and activities primarily through densification of middle and outer areas. (C) CORRIDOR DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
This strategy aims to densify area adjacent to the transport corridor. Accessibility and availability of land in areas served by corridor is a major consideration in this strategy. Figure 6.2 shows the conceptual diagram of corridor development strategy.
1.3.1
EMPLOYMENT DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY
The employment distribution strategies are closely related to the population distribution strategies. The following three employment strategies are proposed:
(I)
MONO NUCLEUS STRUCTURE STRATEGY
In this strategy it is proposed that the employment opportunities will witness natural increase within the exiting activity centers without any deliberate intervention. Thus additional employment would get accommodated within the present activity node. ( II ) MULTI NUCLEI STRUCTURE (TWIN CITY) STRATEGY
In this strategy it is assumed that with planning intervention, new employment centre would get developed. As part of this strategy, it is proposed to develop a new activity node in the northern side between the NH- 7 & the railway line to Katni. (III) MULTI NUCLEI STRUCTURE (TRI CENTRE) STRATEGY In this strategy it is assumed that with planning intervention, new employment centers would get developed at proposed activity nodes, namely : i) In north between NH-7 and the railway line to Katni ii) In west between NH -12 and the railway line to Narsinghpur. FIGURE P 1 SHOWS THE LOCATION OF NEW ACTIVITY NODES PROPOSED
_____________________________________________________________________ 99
1.3.2
NETWORK DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
Three transport network strategies have been proposed. These are: (A) DEVELOPMENT OF ROAD NETWORK
In this strategy a concept of Grid in Grid road network has been proposed as part of which a bypass on the eastern and western side of the city is proposed. This concept would facilitate movement of non destined traffic circumferentially on the bounding network of the respective areas i.e. the city or the urban agglomeration. (B) DEVELOPMENT OF ROAD NETWORK ALONG WITH HCBS
In this strategy it is proposed to develop high capacity Bus service (HCBS) corridor, namely: i) North South corridor (Katni Nagpur road NH -7) ii) East West corridor, comprising a) NH 12 (Narsinghpur Road) b) SH 22 (Kundam Road) c) SH 37 (Damoh Road , Mandla Road ) In addition, the standard buses would ply as per the network identified (C) DEVELOPMENT OF ROAD NETWORK SYSTEM
In this strategy it is proposed that in addition to network with standard buses as proposed in strategy . Based on the above-mentioned strategies alternative scenarios of development would be tested and evaluated through the application of land use Transport Model (LUTM). With all above studies the following roads are taken up for construction and up gradation to meet the requirement of the city.
1.4
INNER CORDON
An imaginary line surrounding the central area of Jabalpur has been identified as the inner cordon to the study area. Being in the midst of thickly built up area the traffic on the roads have immensely increased. Based on various considerations in the development plan the inner roads were proposed for development. The urban renewal drastically desire for development of road to create inner peripheral ring, link and approach road to the central area. The roads require facilities for pedestrian traffic, widening of traffic way to cater the need for future. The inner city roads have been proposed for development. FIGURE P 2 PROPOSED HIGH CAPACITY BUS SYSTEM CORRIDORS N2 NETWORK STRATEGY.
_____________________________________________________________________ 100
The widening all alone will not serve the purpose. It is also proposed to achieve max efficiency in the circulation system, traffic operation plan, restriction regarding heavy vehicle during daytime, reservation of certain street for cycle and pedestrian traffic regulation of working hours to distribute peak hour traffic.
1.5 TURNING MOVEMENT ANALYSIS

Turning movement data collected at 12 (twelve) locations has been analysed to study the traffic movement pattern and performance of individual intersections. Total traffic is expressed in both vehicles and passenger car units (PCUs) and the morning and evening peak hour traffic is presented in Table D.1.2. TABLE D.1.2: PEAK HOUR TRAFFIC AT INTERSECTION Int No. JN-1 JN-2 JN-3 JN-4 JN-5 JN-6 JN-7 JN-8 JN-9 JN10 JN11 JN12 Location Ranital Chowraha Damoh Naka Raddi Chowk Adhartal Chowk Ghamapura Junction Gorakhpur Junction High Court Junction ROB at Garha Road Ghantaghar Chowk Nagar Nigam Chowk Baldev Bagh Chowk Prabhat Marg-nehru Marg Crossing Morning Peak Time PCU (hrs) 10-11 5390 11-12 4306 10-11 3134 11-12 1956 10-11 3130 11-12 3303 11-12 4509 9-10 2775 11-12 3777 10-11 5730 11-12 11-12 4436 3554 Evening Peak Time (hrs) PCU 18-19 18-19 18-19 18-19 13-14 17-18 17-18 18-19 17-18 18-19 18-19 18-19 7809 5672 4065 2599 4380 3383 4410 3411 5010 4920 4679 4820
Source: Comprehensive Traffic & Transportation Study by CES (I) Pvt. Ltd. 2003
Most of the junctions are already operating at jamd condition or are close to saturation. Improvement measures for easing traffic conditions are need of the hour. The list for proposed intersection is the existing city area for development is mentioned below.
1.6 PARKING CHARACTERISTICS

Parking surveys and their analysis provide information on parking demand, extent of the usage of parking facility and the availability of parking space.
_____________________________________________________________________ 101
Data was collected from major parking areas within the central area where significant vehicular parking is observed. Vehicular parking within Jabalpur city is generally on street and very limited off-street parking lots exit within the city.
MAXIMUM PARKING ACCUMULATION

The summary of maximum parking accumulation at individual locations and the corresponding peak hour ECS requirements are given in Table D.1.3 TABLE D.1.3 : MAXIMUM PARKING ACCUMULATION Location Andhardev Marg Jabalpur Bus Stand Civic Centre Fawara Chowk Stretch Tularam Chowk & Bhargav Chowk Inside the Bus Stand Hotel Tarang & Rajdhani Restaurant TCPO to Prakash Collection Shop Lordganj Police Station and fawara Chowk Fawara chowk & Kamania Gate Bhargab Chowk to Fawara Chowk Fawara Chowk & Mandi Chowk Section in front of Jabalpur Bus Stand Peak Hour 12.00-12.30 13.30-14.00 20.00-20.30 1200-12.30 17.00-17.30 20.00-20.30 12.30-13.00 14.30-15.00 19.00-19.30 Maximum Accumulatio n 254 51.4 45 90.0 139 37.1 142 43.0 224 49.9 164 166 157 225 361 320 182 127 213 362 231 35.5 48.4 42.8 76.9 94.5 57.9 70.5 58.5 43.0 59.8 59.6
Malviya Chowk to Super market 20.30-21.00 Super market to Lordganj Police Station 20.30-21.01 Sadar Market Intersection to playground 19.30-20.00 Post office to intersection 20.00-20.30 Karamchand Chowk Karamchand chowk to Tularam Chowk 12.00-12.30 Karamchand chowk to Badi Omti 10.30-11.00 Karamchand Chowk to Rajeev Gandhi 18.30-19.00 Chowk Source: Comprehensive Traffic & Transportation Study by CES (I) Pvt. Ltd. 2003 LOOKING TO THE ABOVE INFORMATION MULTILEVEL PARKING IS PROPOSED ON THE FOLLOWING LOCATIONS. 1. Niwad ganj Mandi. 2. Shri Nath ki Tallaiya. 3. Lord ganj Police Station . 4. Tilak Bhoomi ki Tallaiya. 5. Naudra Bridge over Omti Nallah. 6. Near Victoria hospital. 7. Gorakhpur.
In front of Jabalpur bus stand Jayprakash Narayan Marg
_____________________________________________________________________ 102
1.7 FLY OVERS AND RAILWAY OVERBRIDGE

Looking to the present and future traffic generation and width of the carriage way. Intersection fly over from Malviya Chouk to Kotwali, at Damoh Naka Regional bus stand, at Ranital square and Ghamapur square is proposed. The railway over bridge at Shobhapur and Madan Mahal uner bridge is also proposed to cater the need of city.
1.8 ACTION PLAN

All major roads and important regional corridors within the city limits shall be taken up for upgradation by 2011. Increase degree of connectivity to 100 percent. Implementation of the proposed traffic circulation system within central area and improving connectivity on peripheral areas of the city . Improvement of the Road in terms of :1. Expansion to 4-lanes/full section of the roads as per master plan. 2. Major improvement to road geometrics. 3. Provision of central verge. 4. Provision of footpaths. 5. Pavement strengthening, lane marking and signage. 6. Improvement of the central area internal road network in term of improvement of geometries, provision of footpaths, pavement strengthening etc. 7. Construction of ROB/RUBs. 8. Improvement & beautification of intersections. Construction of Interstate Bus Terminus & improvement of existing Bus Terminus. Construction of New Transport Nagar for goods traffic as proposed in JDP 2005. Multilevel Parking in central area and off street parking.
SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS Road density. Per capita road length. Concrete road length / total road length: The capita improvement programme towards investments in roads & bridges is directed towards improving the intra & inter connectivity of the peripheral areas of the corporation and upgradation of major roads to all weather roads by 2011.
OPERATING PLAN (ROADS, BRIDGES & FLY-OVERS)
_____________________________________________________________________ 103
All major roads to be expanded to 4/6- lanes, with full road section and converted to cement concrete / black top roads. Including construction of flyovers, footpath, and storm water drains service road, central verge and other services. Up-gradation and rehabilitation of existing road surface from black top to cement concrete including footpath and storm water drains, street lighting etc. Re-planning of existing services passing along the existing section of road. Development of intersections as per the full section development of the road.
The roads and corridors provided in JDP 2005 as Outer Cordon have been taken up for construction including City Bye Pass. The improvement of existing roads in inner cordon to its full ROW is also taken up for construction. It also includes widening of bridges, Railway Under Bridges and Railway Over Bridges for smooth flow of traffic. ANNEXURE D-1 PRESENTS STAGE I ESTIMATE FOR OUTER AND INNER CORDON ROADS, DEVELOPMENT OF INTERSTATE BUS TERMINUS OF EXISTING BUS TERMINUS, DEVELOPMENT OF NEW TRANSPORT NAGAR AND MULTILEVEL PARKING.
2. WATER SUPPLY PROJECT

The proposed master plan for water supply is proposed for a period of 20 years. Water supply is the dream and aim of every growing city. But to implement and sustain continuous 24 hours from present level to of 2 to 3 hours of supply for 70 to 80% of the population is a very difficult task although not impossible. Jabalpur city is fortunate to
_____________________________________________________________________ 104
have assured water source with 35 per cent by gravity system. But the restraints in implementation of 24 hours supply are the leakages in the system and the stand post connections. It is very difficult to achieve 24 hours water supply unless the Unaccounted for Water (UFW) is brought under control to 25 per cent and less of total supply.
2.1 SERVICE SUPPLY ZONES
RESERVOIRS
AND
WATER
There are about 23 service reservoirs in the city with a total capacity of 47Ml. Considering the present supply of 150 Ml and peaking factor of 6 (as the supply is only 3 to 4 hours) The storage provided for the present supply is sufficient. The supply hours cannot be increased, as the leakages are 52 per cent. There are no water zones in operation.
2.1.1
PROPOSED MASTER PLAN
It is proposed to define the areas to be served by each source of Pariyat, Khandhari and Narmada and create definite water supply zones with provision to get supply from other sources in case of emergencies. The railway line and major roads can be selected for zone boundary to avoid many pipelines crossing the railway line and major roads, as it requires elaborate process to obtain permission from relevant authorities to augment or lay new lines across. The distance of serving area from source and water treatment plant is also considered, to minimize the transmission and pumping cost. Table D.2.1 presents the total service area, which is divided, into four zones as per the source and the water treatment plants. TABLE D.2.1: WATER SUPPLY ZONES AS PER SOURCE & WATER TREATMENT PLANTS. Source Ward Numbers Zone-I 41, 42, 43 & 44 Pariat- Fagua- Ranjhi Scheme: Zone II 45, 46, 54 & 60 KhandariKitiyaghatBhongadwara Scheme Zone-III 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14 ,15 ,16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 42 & 55 Mld Narmada- Lalpur 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 47, 53, 55 & 59 Scheme Zone-IV 1, 10, 11, 12, 22, 23, 24, 25, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, New 120 Mld Narmada Scheme- 40, 48, 49, 50, 51,52,56,57 & ,58 Source: UWSEIP funded by ADB, TCE FIGURE P - 3: REPRESENTS THE WATER SUPPLY ZONES AS PER SOURCE AND WATER TREATMENT PLANTS. The exact boundaries of zones and sub zones will be decided based on network analysis and the exact topography of the service area. The demand of water up to 2024 for Jabalpur will be about 270 MLD and requiring addition supply of 120 Mld from new source Narmada river. Considering peak factor of 3 for 8 hours supply, the
_____________________________________________________________________ 105
service reservoir capacity will be required to the extent of 90 Mld. The existing service reservoirs capacity of 47 MLD is available, balance capacity of 43 Mld will be newly constructed. Considering the average capacity of each service reservoir of 2 Ml, about 31 new service reservoirs will be required. Since Jabalpur city has lots of undulations with low rise hills with in the service zones, efforts will be made to locate the service reservoir over these hills to save the cost of construction. The major zones will be subdivided into sub zones considering 8 hours of supply initially. The supply will be 4 hours in the morning and 4 hours in the evening. The supply will start at 4 AM to 8 AM to some areas and 8 AM to 12 noon in another area. In the evening the supply will start at 4 PM to 8 PM to 12 midnight in other areas. The capacity of service reservoir will be worked out on the above basis with mass curve method. While implementing the Master Plan, the inlet and outlets of some existing reservoirs will have to be modified depending upon the zones they fall and source of supply. Each zone and sub zones will be made separate by providing boundary valves on the external limit of each zone and same will be normally in close condition and will be opened during emergency to transfer water from one zone to the another zone. Clear water pumping at Ranjhi and Lalpur will be continued to be on 24 hours basis as the capacity of clear reservoir is very less and not much storage is provided. However the capacity of clear water reservoir at Bhongadwar is more than 4 hours but since the water from Bhongadwar is distributed by gravity to the other reservoirs; the same system will continue to operate. While designing the 120 MLD treatment plant and the new service reservoir to be constructed under the scheme, the guidelines formulated by will be implemented as follows. The clear water pumping will be for 20 hours and the capacity of clear water/ service reservoirs will be designed by mass curve with provision of fire fighting supply as per CPEEHO guidelines. Each zone will be provided with boundary valves with arrangement to supply from alternate sources in case of emergency. Fire hydrants at very important commercial areas shall be installed.
2.2
INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES
MCJ has the following responsibilities to judicially use the available water and take all out efforts to save the natural resources which are scarce.
To reduce UFW and maintain the same by employing dedicated staff for leak detection and repairs. To reduce/eliminate unauthorized connections. To implement rainwater harvesting for improving ground water table. Recycling of bathroom water for gardening, car washing and road washing purpose.
_____________________________________________________________________ 106
Demand management to reduce consumption by installing metres in House connections. To permit use of good quality make of water filling and flushing systems to reduce and avoid loss of water. Implementing systematic water management/ water auditing from source to house holds.
2.3 CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

The present population of Jabalpur city is about 10.25 lakhs which will increase to 15.37 lakhs in year 2024 and 20.33 lakhs in year 2034. The slum population as per census of 2001 is 2.74 lakhs which was 29% of the total population. The total demand of water for the year 2024 at 135 lpcd and 40 lpcd for people residing in residential areas and slums respectively comes to 214 without the system losses and 258 Mld with 17% losses (average losses of 15 % to 20%), and 12 Mld is for spot demand for cantonment area and other major bulk of total demand of 270 Mld. At present supply of 150 Mld is available and additional demand of 120 Mld is to be augmented. It is therefore proposed to construct new WTP either at Lalpur or at Ram Nagar to augment the required water supply to the city. The detailed investigations are under process for selection of intake and water treatment plant location On the basis of the population projection for the year 2039 the demand works out to 361 Mld including the losses at 15%. The supply at 2024 will be 270 Mld and hence additional source of about 91say 100 Mld will be required. Situation in 2024 should therefore to be reviewed and decision regarding further augmentation of water supply to meet 2039 demand to be taken at that time.
2.4 FINAL SCENARIO

After completing the augmentation scheme of 120 Mld in year 2009, the total supply available for city will be 270 Mld which will be sufficient for the population projection and other demands up to 2025. It is further total estimated that demand of water for year 2039 will increase to 361 Mld when additional source of about 100 Mld will be required if actual progress of city is follows as projected. It is understood that the right bank canal from Bargi dam will reach near Ranjhi area which has provision for water supply component in the design. The WTP plant at Ranjhi has already spare capacity of 27 MLD which can be utilized by drawing water from right bank canal at most economical prices by mutual understanding by MCJ and Irrigation Department.
2.5 ACTION PLAN
_____________________________________________________________________ 107
The following rehabilitation works have been planned for water supply systems of Jabalpur. Rehabilitation of WTPs at Ranjhi and Bongadwar with new chlorination building. Rehabilitation of Pariyat dam over flow and intake channel. Replacement/Rehabilitation of raw water transmission line from Khandhari to Bongadwar and Pariyat to Ranjhi. Repairs to visible leaks in distribution and transmission network for pipelines dia of 300mm and above. Designing new network for Polipathar and Medical area tanks. Designing the new networks for areas under development. Zones and sub zoning of areas and suggesting the additional networks and boundary valves. Replacement of all AC pipes. Replacement of pumping machinery at clear water reservoir at Ranjhi and Fagua pumping station and other booster pumping station where the pumps are old and damaged badly. Re- construction of civil and mechanical works for Khatiaghat pumping station. Construction of 22 number service reservoirs at various locations in city. Carrying out UFW studies and remedial action in pilot area. Training the JMC staff in all fields of water Management skills. Procurement and installation of bulk metres. Construction of Intake structure for 332 Mld (for total balance allocation from Narmada) and raw water pumping station and transmission main for 120 Mld. Construction of 120 Mld water treatment plant Construction of clear water pumping station and clear water raising main for 120 Mld. OPERATING PLAN JMC will engage few teams on long term basis to detect and repair leaks and unauthorized connections. JMC will carry out demand management to reduce the consumption and start meters on consumer connection. All the new pipes to be laid should be DI/PE/ MS pipes to ensure durability. All service connection will be PE pipes as they have long life and better coefficient for flow. JMC will computerized billing and improve the collection efficiency by imposing stop water supply for pending bills for 3 months and above. Multiple connections to single property will be stopped. Consumer to be charged on consumption quantity rather than on flat rate on household basis. Water rates to be revised based on cost of water and other maintenance charges for system and plant to make water department economically self sustaining.
_____________________________________________________________________ 108
ANNEXURE D-2 PRESENTS STAGE I ESTIMATE FOR WATER SUPPLY PROJECT IS ANNEXURE D-2.
3. SEWAGE DISPOSAL 3.1 MEANS OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL

MCJ does not have a centralized sewerage system for the disposal of domestic waste water/ sewage. The population depends largely upon individual septic tanks for their domestic wastewater disposal. The sanitation means adopted by the population comprise the following:
_____________________________________________________________________ 109
Household toilets and Public toilets.
While the above modes are used for night soil disposal, most of the domestic sullage is disposed directly to the roadside open drains meant for storm water drainage. The Public Health Engineering Department of Government of Madhya Pradesh has prepared a sewerage master plan for Jabalpur, accordingly a centralized underground sewerage system has been proposed. TABLE D.3.1: SUMMARY OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL/SANITATION FACILITIES IN MCJ SL. ITEM DESCRIPTION A Centralized Sewerage System Absent B Individual Sewage Disposal Means 1 Septic Tank-based Household Toilets 79,240 2 Low Cost Sanitation Units 20,000 3 Dry Latrines 2,770 4 Others 0 Sub-Total B 1,02,010 B Public Toilets 1 Number of Public Toilet Units 588 2 Number of Seats 1,203 Source: UWSEIP funded by ADB, TCE
3.1.1
HOUSEHOLD TOILETS
The household latrines are conventional water-flush latrines and low cost sanitation (LCS) units, both of which involve individual on-site disposal systems. The conventional water-flush latrines discharge night soil waste into septic tanks, while the LCS units have a twin-pit mode of disposal. The overflows from these disposal units are let out into the roadside drains, which are primarily meant for drainage of storm water. As per the information available in the Corporation, about 60 per cent of the 165,400 households (as per 2001 Census) have individual toilets. This works out to about 99,240 individual household toilets, of which about 20,000 are LCS units. The rest of the population depends upon public toilets and/or resorts to open defecation for night soil disposal.
3.1.2
PUBLIC TOILETS
There are a total of 588 public toilet units in Jabalpur, comprising a total of 1,203 seats (588 for male and 615 for female users). Of these, MCJ maintains public toilets in most of the wards (994 seats - 485 and 509 for male and female users, respectively). Sulabh Sauchalaya International, an NGO active in the sanitation sector, maintains a few public toilets (209 seats - 103 seats for male and 106 seats for female use).
_____________________________________________________________________ 110
Of the total 588 public toilet units, about 103 are pay-and-use toilets, while 485 toilets are for free use. Number of public toilet are proposed under other schemes.
3.2 NEED FOR THE PROJECT

At present no sewerage system exists in the city, to improve the environmental sanitation conditions and to prevent spread of outbreak of communicable diseases, scientific collection and treatment of sewage water is necessary as per pollution control laws especially for the big cities like Jabalpur. In many places it is also observed that water supply lines and house connection pipes pass through the open drains carrying the excreta matter. Any joint leakage or breakage of such pipes would lead to contamination of drinking water and spread of epidemic. About 40% of Jabalpur is represented by Cantonment and rural areas which have low population density, while the cantonment area has maintained sanitation services, while providing the sanitation services to rural areas will be un-economical, where on site sanitation and septic tank will be more appropriate. Similarly, sanitation for slum areas constituting 29% (assumed) of population also cannot be provided in present condition with sewerage system as there are no individual toilets in the slums. In view of above there is an urgent need of the systematic sewage collection and treatment system for the core/developed area of the city.
3.3 PRESENT SEWEAGE SYSTEM

JMC has an area of about 106.19 Sq. km and does not have under ground sewerage system at present and waste water flows directly in to the open drains and nallahs and discharges in to the water bodies, thus creating unhygienic environment in the city. Higher income group colonies, hotels, government institution have septic tanks. However, it was noticed that the effluent is being conveyed to the open drains without proper collection and treatment which is causing unhygienic condition in the city. Out of 1,65,000 households of the city not more than 50% have septic tanks and 15% have low cost leach pit type latrines, the balance 35% use dry latrines or no latrine at all. There are about 1200 seats of pubic toilets, which is insufficient for about 4 lakhs estimated users. The public toilets are generally poorly maintained. The major drains carrying sewage of the towns are Omti Nallah, Moti Nallah, Khandari Nallah, Shah Nallah and Urdana Nallah which directly or through other water channels discharges into Narmada River at the downstream of the city.
3.4 DESIGN PERIOD

As it is difficult and inconvenient to lay underground sewers in densely populated areas, it is recommended to design the sewerage network system for 30 years demand i.e. up to 2039 and execute the work at initial stage itself. However, the civil structures, Sewage Treatment Plant and pumping station shall be designed for 15 years i.e. up to 2024, so that the units can be added in phases as the demand increases. The mechanical and electrical components shall also be designed for the same period.
_____________________________________________________________________ 111
3.5 RATE OF SEWAGE GENERATION

The sewage network shall be designed based on water supply rate of 135 lpcd except for slums. Generation of waste water is considered at 80% of water supply rate with 80% connectivity to the system. In addition suitable infiltration at 10% of the sewage generation shall also be added.
3.6 PROPOSED MASTER PLAN

3.6.1 SEWARAGE SCHEME FOR THE TOTAL JABALPUR CITY
PHED had prepared the collection, disposal and treatment of sewage from the whole city. The estimated cost of the Project at present price level is about 227.50 crore. It is proposed to execute the project in two phases, phase-I costing 124.50 crores and PhaseII costing 103.0 crores. Now, the Jabalpur city area is proposed to be divided in five sewerage zones based on the drainage topography of the city. Each zone will be entirely independent of others in collection sewage. The sewage treatment facilities are proposed at three places viz. on zone-I, Zone-II and Zone-IV. The sewage from zone-III will be conveyed to zone-II and the sewage from zone-V is conveyed to zone-I for treatment. FIGURE P - 4 SHOWS THE ZONES AND PROPOSED STP FIGURE P - 5 PHASE I OF SEWERAGE PROJECT. The total sewage generation estimated is 140 Mld in the year 2024 and 170 Mld in year 2039.
ZONE-I
This zone covers the Omti nalla drainage, which is consisting of most of the core area. The following 35 wards are considered in this zone: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 46, 47, 48, 50, 53, 54 & 55 The total area of the above wards are draining in to the Omti nallah and its contributory nallahs. This zone covers most of the central area on north side of the railway track in between Patan road in north-east, railway track in east - south and west sides. Even it covers small portion of the south side of the railway track at Madan Mahal. The main areas in this zone are Ranital, Cherital, Ranipur, Gol Bazar, Kariapather, Civil court area, Vijay Nagar, Ukhari, Kachapura etc The sewage load in this zone will be about 52 Mld and 70 Mld in the year 2024 and 2039 respectively. ZONE II This zone covers the Moti nalla drainage, which is consisting of the few wards in core area and wards in outer area in north side of the city. The following 12 wards are considered in this zone: 23, 24, 25, 26, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 & 40
_____________________________________________________________________ 112
The total area of the above wards are draining in to the Omti nallah and Urdana nallah and their contributory nallahs. This zone covers the area between railway track in east side to Patan and Damoh road in nort-west side. The main areas in this zone are Adhartal, Gohalpur Bharpura, Shobapur, Benisingh ki Taliya etc. The sewage load in this zone will be about 28 Mld and 37 Mld in the year 2024 and 2039 respectively. ZONE III This zone covers the total Ranjhi area , which is located on north east side of the city. The following 4 wards are considered in this zone: 41, 42, 43 & 44 The south part of the total area of the above wards is draining towards zone-II across the railway line and the north part of the zone is draining towards east and south. The sewage load in this zone will be about 10 Mld and 13 Mld in the year 2024 and 2039 respectively. ZONE IV This zone covers most of the south part of JMC area, the following eight wards considered in this zone: 45, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59 & 60. The total area of this zone is draining in to Shah and Khandari nallahs which flow from east to west on south part of the city. This zone covers the area between railway track in North side, Narmada river in south, JMC boundary in east and west. The main areas in this zone are Bilehri, Gwari Ghat, Polipather, Rampur, Shankar Shah Nagar, University area, Badanpur, Nayagaon, Lalpur etc. The sewage load in this zone will be about 30 Mld and 36 Mld in the year 2024 and 2039 respectively. ZONE V This zone covers small area at medical college towards Narasinghpur road and located in western part of the city. The following wards are considered in this zone: 49, 51, 52 & 57. The total area of this zone is draining in to plain lands on out skirts of the city towards the Narsinghpur/ Bhopal road. This zone covers on both sides of the main road towards Narshinghpur/ Bhopal. The main areas in this zone are Garha, Purwa, Medical College, Dhanvantri Nagar etc. The sewage load in this zone will be about 13 Mld and 17 Mld in the year 2024 and 2039 respectively. are
3.7
RECOMMENDATIONS
_____________________________________________________________________ 113
As sewage generation in zone III and Zone V is less compare to other three zones, it is suggested to convey the sewage in to the adjacent zones to reduce number of sewage treatment plants and their maintenance cost. Thus it is recommended to convey Zone III sewage to Zone- II, partly by gravity and partly by pumping. Similarly the sewage from zone-V will be conveyed to the adjacent zone-I. In view of this sewage treatment plants are recommended in three locations one at each in zone-I, Zone-II and zone-IV in two phases viz. phase-I for the prior till 2024 and Phase-II for period till 2039. Table D.3.2 presents the capacities of the individual plant. TABLE D.3.2: CAPACITIES OF INDIVIDUAL STPS STP location Contribution Zones Karmeta Zone-I & Zone- V Khatonda Zone-II & Zone-III Tilwara Zone-IV Total Source: UWSEIP funded by ADB, TCE Capacity required by 2024 70 40 30 140 Mld Capacity required by 2039 85 50 35 170 Mld
For detailed sewage generation calculations refer ANNEXURE- I and for zoning refer FIGURE P 6 CORE AREA SUPER IMPOSED ON MASTER PLAN.
3.8 ACTION PLAN

To benefit entire population from, project it is recommended to provide the sewerage facilities to core and developed area in the city from Zone-I and Zone-II in first four years and Zone IV in subsequent years of the project.
PHASE-I To construct 50 Mld plant at Khatonda under this project ( Phase-I). Lay sewer network in core area in both Omti & Moti drainage areas( Zone- I & II). The design and construction of the sewerage network in this area shall be for 2039 requirement.
PHASE-II To construct 85 Mld and 35 Mld STP at Karmeta ( in Zone-I) and Tilwara( in Zone-IV) respectively in stages as per requirement . Lay sewerage network for remaining area as per requirements. Construct the sewage pumping stations and pumping mains at isolated packets like Ranjhi area, Dhanwantri Nagar, Nayagoan, Adartal, Civil lines & Tulsi Nagar. The exact location and number of the sewage pumping stations will be worked out after
_____________________________________________________________________ 114
detailed topographical survey.The final scenario at the end of year 2011 the city will be provided with sewerage system.
ANNEXURE D-3 PRESENTS STAGE I ESTIMATE FOR SEWAGE DISPOSAL PROJECT .
4. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

THE KEY ISSUES WITH REGARD TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN REQUIRED TO BE ADDRESED ARE: 1) Clear demarcation between primary and secondary waste collection systems 2) inadequate primary collection points, in terms of designated number of location and provision of basic infrastructure; have resulted in dumping of domestic waste in open grounds wherever available or in and around dumpers provided at secondary collection points; 2) Open grounds being used as collection points have resulted in creation of leachate, which could prove to be a serious health hazard and also contaminate ground water in the long run; 3) Extensive waste handling stages, from collection to disposal resulting in inefficient waste transfer and littering;
_____________________________________________________________________ 115
4) Absence of sweeping operations on Sundays and public holidays, resulting in accumulation of significant backlog in terms of waste collection and disposal; 5) Inadequate vehicular capacity for waste collection and transportation (70 per cent), and under-utilization of existing capacity due to frequent break-downs and delays in repairs; 6) Absence of safe and hygienic disposal facility current practice of waste dumping at Ranital tank, surrounded by unauthorized settlements, is highly unhygienic and could be the cause of a major health hazard, especially during monsoons; and 7) Absence of safe disposal systems for disposal of hospital and other hazardous waste - which are currently being mixed with municipal waste. IN ORDER TO ADDRESS THE ABOVE ISSUES, MCJ HAS TO UNDERTAKE THE PROGRAMS, WHICH INCLUDES: A) preparation and implementation of a comprehensive solid waste management plan, including systems for efficient waste collection, transportation and disposal; Detailing a waste collection and transportation system including options of waste segregation at source, involvement of rag-pickers and community based organizations; Planning, designing and implementing scientific and hygienic waste disposal system, including localized disposal means like vermi-composting and centralized disposal means involving appropriate technology/mix of technologies - this would include special treatment of hospital and hazardous waste; and Preparing and implementing a project implementation/management structure involving public-private partnership, including citizens, NGOs and community, in order to ensure efficient implementation and management. The entire scheme having provision of land fill site primary and secondary collection , transportation and disposal system etc. will cost approx 1991.00 Lacs.
B)
C)
D)
E)
4.1 ACTION PLAN

Jabalpur Municipal Corporation is developing a new scale for scientific land filling for the disposal of solid waste collected as per the standards and specifications for the collection of solid waste within the frame work of MSW rules 2000. Increase door to waste collection performance. Create waste transfer centres. Scientific disposal method to be adopted Educate people for segregation at the primary level.
_____________________________________________________________________ 116
Improve transportation and collection by employing suitable machines. Introduce private sector participation in collection , transportation and operation and maintenance of disposal site. Development of a management system in the corporation as recommended by the supreme court.
ANNEXURE D-4 PRESENTS STAGE I ESTIMATE FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT .
5.
The peculiar topography of the city provides natural drainage pattern. The central ridge that is just parallel to railway line in U SHAPE CLAMP. The drainage is divided into two parts. In northern part of the town it gradually slopes from East to North west while in southern part of the town it slopes towards east to south west. The storm water and sludge water is channelise through Six Nallahs namely Moti Nallah, Omti Nallah and Ukhri Nalla which passes through the city. Khandari Nala; Shah Nala, and Urdana nala which passes out skirts of city area. The location is marked and shown in Toposheet No. 55 M/l 6 Khandari Nallah & Shah Nallah meet river Narbada near Lalpur. The existing drainage of the city is having numerous channels about 170 small Nallah as listed are discharge it in to Omti Nallah, Moti Nallah and other channels & water bodies. FIGURE P 7 TOPO SHEET NO. 55M/16.
_____________________________________________________________________ 117
Omti Nallah discharges in to Pariyat river which ultimately merges with Hiran river a tributory of river Narabada. Thus the entire storm water discharge from the Jabalpur city goes to river narmada. During rainy season when the intensity of rains is higher/orthe discharge from Bargi dam reservoir is made by opening the gates the back flow of Omti Nallah and Moti Nallah creates flooding in the low lying areas of city including posh areas like Wright Town and Napier Town. Madan Mahal area is also gets flooded along with the other low lying areas. However the back flow of Shah Nallah and Khandari Nallah does not create a major problem as they do not flow from the densely populated urban area. Similarly urdana Nallah flows mostly through thin populated northern out skirts of the city and does not poses a serious problem. Due to back flow consequently the storm water/sewage water gets stagnated resulting in to flood in city causing loss of property and unhygienic conditions and poses a serious threat to the property, public health and environmental conditions. The urbanisation in the city in last two/three decades have been in the foot of hills and in some of the reclaimed areas of shallow water bodies. There were 52 water bodies in the town with an area of 386 hect, and these water bodies were storing the substantial portion of storm water run off. Now these areas are having residential dwellings and colonies creating low lying area. The development plan of Jabalpur also envisaged re-claiming of some water bodies and earmarked some of them for residential purposes. The areas developed in reclaimed water body area have now taken a shape like saucer causing obstruction and providing an area for the collection of storm water as the developed area is lower it is resulting into flooding of the area during peak period of monsoon. At many places the natural drainage channels are blocked by residential buildings and other developments and structure. This has created serious problems and requires new diverted channels of suitable sizes and depth to discharge the storm water to existing Omti Nallah, Moti Nallah, Urdana Nallah and the water bodies in the city to be retained as -water body envisaged in the Jabalpur Development plan. It is very apparent that the problem of storm water stagnation and flooding is more man made, as the conversion and use of low lying areas for residential building purpose been done with out proper survey and investigation and proper thought has been carried out. The areas effected due to storm water flooding is marked. FIGURE P 8 FLOOD AFFECTED AREA. The problem of flooding in the low lying areas is due to storm waters cumulative quantity of storm water discharge from the Municipal Corporation area, Cantonment Area and Defence areas located at Jabalpur. It is apparent that the major portion of storm water is taken away from the town by Omti Nallah, Moti Nallah, Shah Nallah, Khandari Nallah and Udrana Nallah through regular drainage and remaining goes to water bodies through irregular drainage.
_____________________________________________________________________ 118
The 60% of the town population habitation area is having slopes and drains towards omti Nallah and Moti Nallah hence Omti Nallah Moti Nallah requires a proper consideration. We proposed to channelise both the nallas in city area. For Urdana Nallah the Catchment Area at NH7 Bridge near Agriculture University is calculated as 4 Sq km and the discharge of storm water calculated is 53.74 Cumecs. However for Shah Nallah and Khandari Nallah the need of calculating their catchments area and discharge at various distances are not required as the flooding of low lying areas identified by municipal Corporation does not come in the catchments / peripheral area of Shah Nallah and Khandari Nallah The water logging in the city area during peak monsoon is identified, and the proposed channels with their recommended depth is worked out, the details of their levels and the bed level of Omti Nallah and Moti Nallah is considered. The prerequisite is to maintain the desired bed level of Omti Nallah, Moti Nallah by carrying out regular desisting and the Nallah beds are made pucca. As long as the storm water discharge is accepted by Omti Nallah the water stagnation does not take place. If the silting in the nallah is not removed the bed level of the main channel becomes higher and the water from these two nallahs over flow and enters residential localities frequently and creates un hygiene environment. .To avoid this pollution and health hazard it is necessary to provide sufficient capacity in these nallahs so that storm water can be carried safely out and to the natural drainage.
5.1 THE SCOPE OF THE WORK

The madan mahal hill having rocks and minimum vegetation due to construction of hutments/enchroachment have diverted the storm water flow in different direction. There are number of houses which have been constructed on foot of the hills adjoining Hathital housing board colony to Kripal chouk which has diverted the storm water flow and thus creating flooding in some areas shown in the map. Similarly the channel carrying storm water to Baghatal and madan mahal church are obstructed/diverted causing flooding in Garha Bazar, Sudama Nagar Shukla Nagar and adjoining areas Similarly in Adhartal cherital area, N.H. No. 7 having culverts due to construction and development has changed the flow direction. The consequent effect is water logging in up stream Anand Nagar Area and in down stream in Ram Nagar Gazi Nagar etc. The down stream is mainly connected to Amkhera tank, Adhartal tank and urdana Nallah in Adhartal area and in cherital area storm water cumulatively being discharged through Ukhree Nallah and J.D.A. nallah passing through kachnar city connecting omti nalla. However in this area the water logging is in maximum area and the slope available for new channel is also less than the desired level. A sub committee constituted by Govt. of Madhya Pradesh headed by irrigation Department recommended for the flood protection work as under:-
_____________________________________________________________________ 119
1. That putting of bunds across down stream of Garha road bridge of omti nallah should not be permitted as it creates heavy silting on the nallah back bed. However if the cultivator wants to utilize post monsoon flood they should put up sumps and pump for dry water flow utilization. 2. The sub committee have also suggested to carry out lining of the nallah bed with masonry retaining wall on either side in the city area. The design slope in full discharge limiting its velocity to 6ft. per second and should also be checked for half the total discharge the velocity should not be less then 2' per second, 3. The bed of Nallah lining shall slope in words the centre with a slope of 1 in 20 along with 2' dia half round pipe in the centre.
4. Aservice road in specified areas for movement of machines has also been recommended by the sub committee. With the basic design bed level and cross sections of Omti Nallah the new channel are required to be disposed of in omti nallah with proper Engineering skill to discharge the storm water.
1.
GARHA AREA ZONE I
This area comprises of Ward No. 48, Veer Sawarkar, Ward No. 49, Garha, Ward No. 50, Indira Gandhi Ward No. 51, Rani Durgawati and part of Ward No. 52, Madan Mahal. The area is effected by storm water discharge from the Madan Mahal hill having slopes towards North. The area is now densely populated having schemes of housing board, Jabalpur Development Authority and old existing town is included in this area. Apart from the existing channels carrying sludge and storm water discharge the new proposed channels are:1. 2. 3. 4. Hathital Gurudwara to Madan Mahal Hathital Gurudwara to Railway under bridge via Calcutta sweet free Church to Railway under Bridge via Das Building Ganga Sagar LIC colony to under bridge Railway line
These channels will take away the storm water discharge to old existing main Nallah and provide relief to the area from flooding during monsoon.
2.
GUPTESHWAR AREA ZONE 2
This area comprises of Ward No. 47 Narsingh Ward, Ward No. 53 Gupteshwar Ward, Ward No. 55 Giriraj Kishore, Ward No. 56 Shaheed Gulab Singh and other areas.
_____________________________________________________________________ 120
This area is having the discharge from Madan Mahal hill area, Due to urbanisation adjoing railway track the natural flow of storm water which was discharged from railway culverts and being disposed off in Omti Nallah. The development in this area has been at a lower ground level and storm water flow through railway culverts being obstructed is the basic cause of flooding. The railway culverts have become redundants. The storm water flow is to be made operative through railway culverts. THE PROPOSED CHANNELS ARE DETAILED BELOW:1. 2. 3. 4. Ekta chouk to Gullawa chouk via Shiv nagar. Ekta chouk to Ganga Sagar to Bhoolan chouki via Gullawa chouk Sangeevani Nagar . B.T. Bungalow to Gullawa Tank . Police station Garha to railway line Bhoolan chouki.
The new section of Nallah being connected and crossed through railway culverts and are required to be connected to down Stream of Garha Bridge in Omti Nallah.
3.
ADHARTAL - CHERITAL AREA ZONE NO. 7.
This area of adhartal is having Ward No. 34, Netaji Subhash, Ward No. 35, Lai Bahadur Shastri, Ward No. 39, Chitranjan, Ward No. 40, Diwan Adhar Singh and of Cherital area Ward No. 12, Cherital, Ward No. 23, Dindayal Upadhaya, Ward No. 11, Vivekanand and Ward No.1, Kamla Nehru. In adhartal area the National Highway No. 7 is acting like a Bund and on eastern side of National Highway, Anand Nagar, New Anand Nagar, Adarsh Nagar, Industrial estate and a portion of defence area having Sidh Baba hillocks. The Anand Nagar area gets flooded by storm water. The existing location and shape of culverts on National highway does not get the total storm due to development of housing and industries. On western side of National highway the total residential area having Jay Prakash Colony, Jawahar Lal Colony, Ravindra Nagar, Alok Nagar, Ashok Nagar, Ram Nagar & New Ram Nagar and Gazi Nagar is flooded by discharge from culverts on National Highway. The entire area is either discharging storm water to amkhera tank or to adhartal tank. Ram Nagar, Alok Nagar and Gazi Nagar gets adversely affected due to flooding. In cherital area the development has taken place in low lying area and Punjab Bank Colony, Jagdamba Colony, State Bank Colony, Sheetalpuri gets adversely affected because the entire area storm -water channels are connected to Omti Nallah through Ukhri Nallah and J.D.A. Nallah passing through S.B.I. colony and kachnar city. THE PROPOSED CHANNELS WILL CARRY STORM WATER OF THE AREA: 1. (A) Urdana Nallah to Ravindra Nagar, Double road Junction.
_____________________________________________________________________ 121
(B) Urdana Nallah to UCO Bank, Police station. (C) Dr. Somsekhar's Hospital to Bajrang temple in Alok Naear. 2. Bajrang temple to Urdana Nallah via Pushpak colony. (A) From Ram Nagar to Urdana Nallah. 3. New Anand Nagar main road to N.H.7 via Anand nagar. 4. From Dr. Domsekhar's hospital to Gohalpur Police Station. 5. Raddi chowki to Gohalpur amkehra road adjoining Ram nagar both side of road. 6. From Gohalpur Police Station to Urdana Nallah. 7. Damoh naka to madhotal Basti. 8. Gopal Bagh petrol pump to Holi chabootra through Sarawati Udyan. 9. Matra Smriti Pitra smriti house to omti nallah through ekta & Rameshwaram colony. 10. State Bank Building to omti nallah through kachnar city. 11. From Baldeobagh Ukhri road to omti nalla via Ranital crematoria. The storm water flooding in Adhartal cherital area would be reduced. The total estimated cost of storm water secondary drain works out to Rs. 4867.00 Lacs.
5.2 ACTION PLAN

The primary drains Omti nalah and Moti nalah flowing across the city will be covered in the covered in the core city area.Retaining wall and concrete bed will be provided. Desulting the remaining length of Omti nalah and Moti nalah will be carried out. The secondary drains 173 in numbers will be constructed / upgraded to maintain discharge in the primary drains. New storm water drain will be constructed area the flood-affected area of the city. An operation and maintenance plan of the storm water drain network will be prepared. ANNEXURE D-5 PRESENTS STAGE I ESTIMATE FOR STORM WATER DRAINAGE .
6.
URBAN POOR
In spite of a plethora of slum up gradation and poverty alleviation programs, the situation of the urban poor in Jabalpur in terms of access to basic services has not really improved. The demographic pressures continue and the key issue now is how municipal government should rise to the challenge of service delivery to the poor in the City and ensure access to basic services by all. The positive factor is that there is a Mayor-inCouncil system in the city. Lack of community involvement Lack of need-based fund allocation Under-utilization of available funds Identification of slums
_____________________________________________________________________ 122
Identification of homeless population Authenticity of available data Lack of adequate access to sanitation in majority of slums Lack of access to safe water in slums located in hilly areas Provision of basic services to unauthorized slums Tenure security Resettlement and rehabilitation of displaced squatters Sustainability Reaching the poorest of the poor Lacuna in welfare programs for the poor Neighbourhood-specific improvements versus city-wide environmental improvement
6.1 OPTIONAL ELEMENTS FOR PROGRAM DESIGN

A need-based approach wherein the community articulates its need for services, which is backed by willingness to participate and pay at least a nominal amount towards capital and operations and maintenance costs, is increasingly being recognized as the key to successful improvement of service levels in slums. Experience in poverty alleviation programs all over the world has demonstrated that the poor can best be reached through such an approach, backed by NGO support for user communities and private sector involvement (possibly, small-scale, informal private sector), particularly in water and sanitation. In order to address the issues regarding planning for urban poor and ensuring adequate access to urban basic services, MCJ will need to take up specific programs involving the following parameters:
6.1.1 ENSURING COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

Any initiative for the poor taken up in the technical assistance phase must be tailored to the needs of the community living in a particular slum and must be designed and implemented with the active participation of the community. Community involvement will mean greater power to local communities in local level planning and delivery of services. Necessary institutional transformation will be needed to ensure greater voice to communities and civil society associations. It must be noted that participation of the poor in urban governance is minimal as much due to unresponsive institutional processes as their lack of organization. Experience in other cities in India (Ahmedabad, for example) has shown that empowerment also results from demand-orientation and greater reliance on private and non-governmental organizations in service management and financing arrangements. The community may also be involved in specific neighborhood interventions, such as community-based solid waste management.
_____________________________________________________________________ 123
Summary of Optional Elements for Program Design Ensuring community participation Adopting a need-based approach Adopting appropriate technology at low cost Encouraging partnerships with local intermediaries Involving the private sector Addressing the issue of financial sustainability/cost recovery Developing and supporting micro-credit systems Creating a reliable database on urban poverty in Jabalpur Formulating a policy for homeless population Addressing the issue of resettlement and rehabilitation of displaced community Integrating needs of the poor in all city planning activities Utilizing funds available for slum upgradation effectively Ensuring accountability of elected representatives Establishing appropriate institutional arrangements and regulatory framework Converging different sectoral programs Scaling up from neighborhood level to city level
6.1.2 BUILDING EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONS.
COMMUNITY
BASED
Building effective Community-based Organizations, especially with women, could well be the catalyst in community participation. Womens groups have often proved to be the most effective allies for working with the community, and in several projects across the world (for example, PROSANEAR, a water and sanitation program in Brazil, the women themselves were the key to getting projects started and implemented). Capacity building of women and community organizations in slums in Jabalpur would be necessary for successful implementation of any program. There is a need to identify Community Development Societies (CDS) formed under Swarna Jayanti Shehari Rozgaar Yojana in Jabalpur are non-functional, while those formed under Urban Basic Services for Poor still continue to function well. All CDSs are potential media for articulation of community needs and demands, and special measures must be taken to nurture them well.
6.1.3 ADOPTING A NEED BASED APPROACH

Planning mechanisms for service provision in slums need to be responsive to peoples needs. Experience with poor communities all over the world has shown that it is not helpful to apply general norms. This means locally appropriate levels of service, rather than the adoption of universal norms or standards on a priority basis. Different levels of service are reflected in the variety of technical options available, and this has important implications for financing, cost recovery, operation and maintenance, and institutional
_____________________________________________________________________ 124
capacity. Basic service approaches that match customers willingness and ability to pay are Increasingly finding favour by different agencies. Mixed levels of services, for example, individual toilets versus pay and use public toilets, household water connections and public taps and hand pumps, are often found to be the most appropriate. The proportion of households facing extreme poverty in a slum, the cost of supply and willingness to pay for certain levels of service should be the determinants of supply options and tariffs. Higher levels of service (especially in water supply) generally result in higher consumption and certain sanitation options, for example, water-borne sewage, require reticulated water supplies with individual water connections. Detection of peoples needs is a crucial issue in design and implementation of any neighbourhood level initiative.
Project Design Elements and Institutional Arrangements to ensure Community Responsiveness Confirmation of target beneficiaries to support project through financial contributions and participation in decision-making, followed by articulation of demand and priorities Technically feasible service options to be offered to community, and households or communities should be willing to meet the opportunity cost of any service option they choose. Community/households to be provided full information about different options, including the costs and benefits Final decisions on levels/location of services to be made at the household/community level Communities may be given assistance, if necessary, to articulate their needs. Adequate information dissemination about different options and the costs involved is a must. Jabalpur Municipal Corporation and other government agencies that will be involved in project implementation must be oriented in such a fashion that they are open to community perceptions, demand and initiative.
Adapted from Overview of World Bank Experience with the Provision of Infrastructure Services for the Urban Poor
Prioritisation at the neighbourhood level by communities themselves would be essential to ensure selectivity in activities and operations. Selectivity must be based on demand articulated by the community. For this, community organization and consultations at the neighborhood level would be necessary.
6.1.4 ADOPTING APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY AT LOW COST

In order to increase the urban poors access to basic services in Jabalpur, a range of technology options may be considered and a ceiling on per capita cost for certain services may be established. The ultimate aim must be to provide appropriate technology at low cost. Different low cost options for different levels of services must be placed before the community, who must decide on the level they desire. Partnerships with Local Intermediaries - NGOs, local political leaders and stakeholders A counterpart to good local governments is strong civil society organizations. This has been a major weakness in Jabalpur. Identifying appropriate NGO intermediaries for slum improvement in the City, providing support to new organizations and capacity building
_____________________________________________________________________ 125
of existing organizations (NGOs and CBOs) especially, organizations of the poor, should receive priority. Apart from this, there are local political leaders living in slums , who are keen to work for the improvement of their slum. In addition, there are some CBOs working in slums, some of which were formally formed and registered under UBSP (which are now functioning under SJSRY), and some, of the peoples own initiative. The involvement of these local resources, including senior Corporation officials and community development staff under SJSRY, which would provide easy access to the community, must be explored. The strategy must be to support development and involvement of such organizations. Community Development Finance Institutions in the city and NGOs/civil society associations, especially those working in the area of housing and infrastructure, need to be networked, in order to learn from each other and develop along sustainable lines and become strong civil society associations. It must be emphasized that in order to be effective, while collaborating with government, such organizations also need to be autonomous and maintain their independence from government. The community must be involved in planning, budgeting and monitoring activities.
6.1.5 INVOLVING THE PRIVATE SECTOR

Private sector participation in shelter upgradation, including provision of basic services, has been found successful in several cases all over the world. Private sector participation enhances efficiency and brings in a consumer-orientation to slum improvement. There is some evidence of private sector participation in the provision of water and sanitation in slums in Jabalpur. The private sector can be encouraged to play a greater role in developing land and housing, in addition to providing utility services. Contracting out slum upgrading to a private developer is another option that needs to be explored, for which, land sharing may be considered as an alternative. Another area where the private sector may contribute significantly is in contracting of primary collection of solid waste. However, upgrading of existing slums by private sector, through investments in public goods like roads and drains is often not lucrative enough to the private sector, cost recovery potential being limited. For this to take off, there may be a need for explicit contractual arrangements between a Community-based Organization or MCJ to resolve any legal or cost recovery issues. Introduction of private sector participation needs to be complemented by community involvement in planning, implementation and operation.
6.2 ADDRESSING SUSTAINABILITY
THE
ISSUE
OF
FINANCIAL
Upgrading the 300 odd slums in Jabalpur would be a capital-intensive exercise. In local governments all over the world, it is seen that curbing expenditure on non-essential items often frees significant resources which can then be used for poverty alleviation. A similar exercise may be successful in Jabalpur as well.
_____________________________________________________________________ 126
Budgetary allocations may go a much longer way if utilized almost exclusively for infrastructure and land development with greater emphasis on delivering cheap serviced sites to the poor or upgrading existing sites, which are already inhabited. Experience in slum improvement projects in several cities has shown that services can be sustained if there is an institutional arrangement to cover recurrent costs and carry out the required operation and maintenance during the active life of investments. In order to access finance on a commercial basis, especially for the housing upgradation component, development of bankable projects is necessary. Sometimes, provision of subsidies is necessary in programs for poor communities to keep the costs of a basic services package low - this requires beneficiaries to pay for any higher-level services they demand. This needs to be structured so as to reduce the public finance burden of slum improvement to manageable limits.
6.2.1
COST RECOVERY
It is now widely recognized that the urban poor as customers take better care of systems that they have paid for. Any interventions planned in Jabalpur slums must charge users for individual connections, water use, electricity, clearance of garbage and sewage collection. The appropriate level and mechanism of beneficiary cost recovery must be identified for both capital investment and O&M, including debt servicing. This may be a combination of: Payment of tariffs or user charges for utility services by individual households or community in case of bulk supply; Financial contributions from the community for communal/public-type goods; and Increased property taxes or betterment taxes to cover the costs of improvement of communal or public goods.
In slum improvement projects all over the world, good results in cost recovery have been seen when municipal governments and project managers have a commitment to recover costs; when revenues are used to improve services as promised to the beneficiaries, and when the community provides collective security for repayment, as in micro-credit schemes. Development and Support of Micro-credit Systems: Jabalpur slums have several examples to offer in the arena of micro-credit. The issue is to channelize such activities to improvement of housing conditions and slums. SEWA Bank has evolved a successful model in Ahmedabad, which may be studied and drawn from in Jabalpur). Following similar models, each household would have to make a contribution, which MCJ may top up by contributing a share from JNNURM funds.
_____________________________________________________________________ 127
6.3 DEVELOPING CREDIT SYSTEMS
AND
SUPPORTING
MICRO
Support for micro-credit systems must be an important element of the financing system, especially to provide access to the poor and Low Income Groups in the city to sustainable financing mechanisms for shelter, up gradation and community infrastructure. Housing finance of the order required at low interest rates will be provided the poor will have access to it. The financing scheme will have to contend with facts to make housing finance available to the poor. These factors call for non-formal methods, the best of which have proven to be community organizations like thrift societies, set up with the help of Non Governmental Organizations.
6.4 CREATING A RELIABLE DATABASE ON URBAN POVERTY IN CITY

There is a need to create a reliable database on slums, slum population, Below Poverty Line population, literacy, morbidity and mortality in slums, housing conditions and access to basic services in individual slums, etc. Ideally, any proposed neighbourhood level intervention must be designed and initiated only after a household survey covering all these aspects has been carried out. This would lead to the creation of a city-level database on slums and which would form the basis for program design and implementation under JNNURM.
6.5 POLICY FOR HOMELESS POPULATION

There is a need to develop a policy/program to address the needs of the homeless in the city. A census of homeless population in the city needs to be conducted. Strategies will be designed to ensure that benefits of various programs for the poor reaches the citys homeless population, who happen to be the unidentified poor in the city, and in all likelihood, the poorest of the poor. Also, resettlement and rehabilitation policies for this population must be devised with sensitivity to their needs.
6.5.1 RESETTLEMENT AND DISPLACED COMMUNITY
REHABILITATION
OF
The project design for slum improvement in Jabalpur will avoid dislocation of households as far as possible. Where resettlement is inevitable, conditions satisfactory to the population to be rehabilitated will be found. The cost and availability of alternative housing sites and access to sources of livelihood is the key considerations in designing of systematic resettlement programs. There is a need to link resettlement and rehabilitation with peoples access and proximity to work/livelihoods. Experience in resettlement of
_____________________________________________________________________ 128
slums and squatters all over the world has shown that satisfactory resettlement arrangements are a critical condition for the resolution of city wide infrastructure problems such as public transport, and for the protection of environmentally vulnerable zones.
6.5.2 INTEGRATING NEEDS OF THE POOR IN ALL CITY PLANNING ACTIVITIES

The Urban Management Program of UNDP/UNCHS Habitat/World Bank points out the need to think beyond slum improvements or slum rehabilitation, or hawking zones, emphasizing the need to integrate the needs of the poor in all city planning activities. This requires a new planning paradigm, the re-engineering of housing laws, policies, building codes, rules and regulations that would allow affordable housing to the poor.
6.5.3 UTILIZING SHELTER
FUNDS
AVAILABLE
FOR
SLUM
AND
Significant amounts of funds is available for the poor under JNNURM Project. The locally elected representatives (ward councilors) of MCJ will be helpful for program implementation and service delivery in slums. The programme is designed in a such a manner that funds are tollay utilized.
6.5.4 ESTABLISHING APPROPRIATE INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR SERVICE DELIVERY TO THE POOR
Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur could have a Community Development Wing that coordinates all activities for slum up gradation and implementation of all welfare programs for the poor. This would lead to convergence of programs and would make a single wing or department responsible for all pro-poor programs.
6.6 CONVERGING PROGRAMS
DIFFERENT
SECTORAL
Implementation of all anti-poverty and slum improvement initiatives must be through a single authority to avoid gaps and overlaps. Often, many different programs offer the same basket of services. This duplication could be avoided through convergence.
6.6.1 ESTABLISHING FRAMEWORK
AN
INDEPENDENT
REGULATORY
An independent regulatory framework, addressing aspects related to performance standards, coverage and tariff setting procedures may help ensure that implementation takes place in a fair and transparent manner.
_____________________________________________________________________ 129
6.6.2 SCALING UP FROM NEIGHBORHOOD LEVEL TO CITY LEVEL

There is an element of risk involved in taking up the task of slum upgradation in all slums of Jabalpur at one go, primarily that of spreading resources too thin, which may not lead to the achievement of fundamental goals at all. However, in certain sectors (especially in solid waste and waste-water disposal), a combination of both neighborhood level and citywide improvements, as parallel activities, may work well. Complete overhauling of civic services and shelter up gradation may be started in a few slums in the city, which would give an idea of the kind of implementation hurdles that may be encountered in neighbourhood level interventions. Initially, a few settlements may be taken up (the criteria for selection must be willingness of the community and that of the concerned Councilor to participate. Presence of NGOs and CBOs in the slum would be an added plus). This could later be scaled up in the city as a whole.
6.7 ACTION PLAN

Identification of infrastructure work. Slums on hills will be rehabilitated Intergraded approach for providing services at per with city level. Community toilet shall be provided in priority. Environmental up gradation. Provision for health and child care Develop community halls. Provide housing on subsidized cost.
ANNEXURE D-6 PRESENTS STAGE I ESTIMATE FOR URBAN POOR .
7. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT DEVELOPMENT

Vindhya range have typical characteristic of hilly terrain. Mainly sand stone and a basalt rocky stratum is found in the vicinity but fractured rocks allow water to percolate. The sheet rock, wherever available form impervious layer and retain water but this situation is rarely available in the area. The loose sandy strata with moorum easily erode and lead to gully formation. Jabalpur City is habitated between low-lying hillocks and lakes/ponds. Karia-pathar in N-E, Seeta Pahad and Khandari in East and Madan Mahal hillocks in South -West exist. The plain ground is in West & North - West. Major lakes Khandari.
_____________________________________________________________________ 130
Pariyat are situated in North - East. Pariyat river is on the northern border and Narmada river is on the Southern border. Sand stones and granite rocks and soil mixed with alumina, magnesia and lime is found in general with black cotton soil in top layers at places. Environmental studies reflect and represent the discernible patterns of inevitable interactions between biological and physical elements of the ecosystem. In the planning process it is imperative to understand the potentials of Nature's endowments, which can be advantageously well knitted while evolving the physical plan for the city. It means the conservation and exploitation of biophysical elements so as to ensure the necessary change and conservation or creating a satisfying quality of city liability. During the process of growth urban activities invade quality of natural landscape. It is essential to take conscious and active part in conservation and evolution of meaningful balance. Therefore, analysis of the various factors involved in system in order to prepare a well-knit plan for conservation and improvement of environment, development of potential areas and provision of recreational amenities. The environment of Jabalpur essentially needs the landscape treatment and conservation so as to exploit the natural potentials advantageous for various needs. Therefore, it is essential to identify the areas for landscape planning on the basis of study of landscape indicators.
7.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT OF HILLOCKS

The landform of Jabalpur is significant because of Madan Mahal hills of the south with double ridge formation having narrow Sangram Sagar Valley. The A.O.C. hill range is situated on the east with significant plateau on top while Madar Tekri, Kariapather on north-east have slopes towards north and south. It is there fore proposed to conserve the hills of madan mahal, Tilwaraghat, Kariyapather, siddh Baba and Ranjhi hills.
7.2 DEVELOPMENT OF GARDENS

The development of beautiful gardens at Khandari, Kataiya ghat and Gandhi Udyan at Tilwara ghat is proposed for development of gardens at city level. It is also proposed to develop 50 gardens in the city. The land is earmarked and available for development of gardens spread over city will be functioning like effective lung space in the city and will improve the environment and aesthetics.
7.3 ACTION PLAN

Remove all encroachment from the hills. Dense plantation, preservation of slopes. Develop hills for city environment up gradation and recreation
_____________________________________________________________________ 131
Landscape design of city level and colony level garden with fountains, plantation etc. Awareness program and public participation in colony gardens for development and maintenance.
ANNEXURE D-7 PRESENTS STAGE I ESTIMATE FOR ENVIROMENTAL IMPROVEMENT DEVELOPMENT .
8. PRESERVATION UP GRADATION DEVELOPMENT OF WATER BODIES AND WATER FRONT DEVELOPMENT

Jabalpur town is dotted with lakes, tanks and ponds. There were 52 water bodies within the city area out of which 29 are significant. The sullage and domestic sullage flows through open surface drains, which is ultimately discharged into Omti Nalla and Moti Nalla. The Jabalpur Development plan 2005 has identified 9 water bodies as sensitive and has suggested the retention of water body. The degradation of water bodies in the town has been caused due to inadequate measures taken to carry out sewage disposal scheme, resulting in the domestic sewage entering the water bodies along with the rainwater. Habitation around water bodies and in the catchment area has diverted the storm water natural drainage creating a shortage of storm water quantum in the water body. Due to development and growth of the Jabalpur City, the water resources had faced anthropogenic pressure, which adversely affected ecological condition. Hence urgent need is felt to conserve and upgrade water bodies by adopting suitable environmental
_____________________________________________________________________ 132
measures in the interest of human being as well as for the proper development of the city. It is also required in terms of recharging the ground water, which has become very necessary for water harvesting and improvement of the environment of the city. Conservation of water resources is the need of the day for the sustenance of life. The growing demand and decreasing water availability of freshwater remind people the hard days of droughts. Growing population and higher consumption of water in. The proposed conservation plan of water bodies includes both preventive and curative measures with the objective to prevent further deterioration of the lake and improvement of water quality for the purpose of creating a recreation center for the people living around the lake. The preventive measures includes fencing around the lake to prevent unauthorized entry of the cattle/animals and the people, pitching of the shoreline to prevent siltation of the lake, control of silt inflow into the lake, partial treatment of the incoming sewage, plantation in the fringe area and the curative measures includes removal of solid wastes dumped in the lake periphery for the reclamation & silt and weeds from the lake, regular cleaning & improvement of solid waste management in the fringe area. To assess the impact of the interventions to be made, regular water quality monitoring has also been proposed. A public awareness programme to enlist the support and cooperation of the general public for the conservation of the take is also proposed. Irrigation and industries exerted pressure on water resources. The irregular and erratic rains increased acute shortage of fresh water. The large area of the state has faced droughts and natural calamity of water shortage. This has reminded the people to save water and recharge the ground water as far as possible. Government and people have made efforts towards conservation and management of water resources. In the pace of physical development the natural resources were ignored to an extent, in which water resources are one of victim. Number of water resources is lost and rest of affected by pollution, encroachment and human intervention. The urban water resources are worst example of victimization of anthropogenic activities.
8.1 WATER FRONT DEVELOPMENT

Narbada the holy river passes through the bounding of the city Lacs of people visit the holy river to take a holy clip in the river on hindu festivals. The Narmada rever is the life line of the city Water front development at gwarighat Tilwaraghat is proposed along with water front development of gour ghat.
8.2 ACTION PLAN

Prevent & control of pollution in the lake Improve water quality at least to the level, which allow fisheries, bathing, and recreational activities. Improve overall environmental & ecological condition in & around the lake.
_____________________________________________________________________ 133
Improve hygienic condition Creation of buffer zone to prevent soil erosion and enhance greenery. Development of the lake as a recreation center Improve aesthetic beauty of the area.
ANNEXURE D-8 PRESENTS STAGE I ESTIMATE FOR WATER FRONT DEVELOPMENT.
9.
PUBLIC AMENITIES
9.1 SPORTS
A new stadium at amkhera kudwari is proposed in 14 ha of land. Construction of a swimming pool at Vijaynagar is proposed for development improvement of hocky stadium with under swimming pool at police line is proposed. Development of ravi shankar shukla stadium with night play faulty ant improvement of ranital sports area is proposed. Sports complex near medical college area and ranjhi also proposed. ANNEXURE D-9 PRESENTS STAGE I ESTIMATE FOR PUBLIC AMENITIES DEVELOPMENT.
9.2 AUDITORIUM AND CULTURAL CENTRE
_____________________________________________________________________ 134
The development of Manas bhawan complex and a new auditorium of capacity 1000 seats is proposed. Development of Mela / Exhibition ground at gwarighat is proposed. Entertainment complex and Amusement park is proposed on Bhedaghat road. ANNEXURE D-10 PRESENTS STAGE I ESTIMATE FOR AUDITORIUM AND CULTURAL CENTER DEVELOPMENT.
9.3 CREMATION GROUNDS

Development of existing cremation grounds to improve environment is proposed. ANNEXURE D-11 PRESENTS STAGE I ESTIMATE FOR CREMATION GROUNDS DEVELOPMENT.
9.4 CONSTRUCTION OF WORKING WOMAN HOSTEL AND OLD AGE HOMES

Construction of workingwomen hostel of capacity 100 and old age home with capacity of 100 at 4 different locations in the city has been proposed. ANNEXURE D-12 PRESENTS STAGE I ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF WORKING WOMAN HOSTEL AND OLD AGE HOMES DEVELOPMENT.
9.5 DEVELOPMENT OF VANAY PRANI VIHAR

A city forest on dumna road is proposed in 860 ha with reuse cum rehabitation centre for lions, tigers and free lancing wild animals, with a wild life sanctuary one of its own kind.
_____________________________________________________________________ 135
1. CAPACITY BUILDING & REFORMS

Capacity building in urban institutions is one area which is much talked about but has been relatively neglected in terms of action. The restructuring of the roles of the elected ULBs has to initially come about in the form of partnerships with the parastatals which have been handling a variety of services. The public service element needs to be made more professional and accountable to the people. Adoption of modern accounting systems, improved practices of budgeting and planning, effective use of wards committees and other means of peoples participation, and programme assistance should be put to use for improving urban governance Capacity building is required for developing communication and inter-personal skills among the people responsible for providing for the needs of the urban poor, for improving the level of services and satisfaction of the beneficiaries, and for providing coordinated services from a number of line agencies.
GOOD URBAN MANAGEMENT WITHOUT ADEQUATE CAPACITY IS A MISCONCEPTION _____________________________________________________________________ 136

Training and development efforts are no longer viewed as peripheral to departmental goals. The human resources are treated as assets rather than as costs and training is seen in the government as an investment in future organizational capabilities. A two-pronged approach is suggested for the same, Firstly, to build capacity for making the administration and the public institutions more responsive. And, secondly to empower the citizens to create sustained pressure for change. The capacity building is not seen in isolation. The capacity building efforts are to be accompanied with administrative reforms. Administrative reforms efforts aim at: Improvement of delivery system Image building/correction of the public systems.
The overall goal of the Capacity Building in Public Administration Programme will contribute significantly to the above objectives. Capacity Building needs to focus on the entire stakeholder department to cover areas of policy facilitation, system of restructuring, organization development, and training and knowledge management. It is required for good government which will bring efficiency and effectiveness of services and for good governance to deal with the empowering of more and more stakeholders and bringing in transparency and accountability in the various systems of delivery for city services.
1.1 RECOMMENDATION & IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY

Before taking action on any recommended strategies there are certain issues that need to be resolved. Unless the department has answers to these no programme undertaken to build the capacities would be effective in principle. There is a need to conduct an extensive research programme to analyze the present setup. The authority at the highest level needs to ask and review the following issues: Is the present organizational structure ready to implement any development or training strategy? Are the roles and responsibilities made clear at all the levels of hierarchy, are the deliverables clear to employees in order to carry out their functions effectively? Is there any relevant pre-requisite for technical post or any provision of acquiring the skill if need be? Are Manuals and technical instruction guidelines in place and made available to relevant people? Is there any vision, a long term plan for the department apart from the short term plan made for the fiscal purpose?
_____________________________________________________________________ 137
In the absence of a long term plan, how do the officials plan to achieve a holistic implementation of the already floated developmental exercises? Are the Discretionary and Obligatory Duties of the Corporation clearly formulated and defined? Has the Act been amended to suit the present setup and requirement? Can the department make provisions for a fixed tenure of the key officials so that the initiatives taken at the particular level does not suffer?
Unless there are answers to these issues it is in principal not possible to deliver an effective training and capacity building programme. It is very strongly recommended to undertake an in-depth organizational research to study the various vertical and horizontal levels of hierarchy. To chalk and design the roles and responsibilities at each level to enable the smooth transition of power when need comes. It would enable each employee to understand his/her role in clearer terms and carry out the responsibilities efficiently. It would be the second phase which would address the issue of training and capacity building. For smooth functioning and efficient execution of the assigned tasks any department would like to undertake training programmes in the following areas: Technical Skills Upgradation of existing skills Knowledge of Reforms and Innovations Behavioral Skills Employee Development Success Stories and Best Practices Miscellaneous
TABLE 1.1: LIST OF TRAINING PROGRAMS List of Training Programs for Municipal Personnel Training Module on Land Management. Training Module on Water Supply Management. Training Module on Public health. Training Module on Vital Statistics including Registration of Birth and Death. Training Module on Environment Management. Training Module on Solid Waste Management. Training Module on Urban Planning and Development. Training Module on Roads & Bridges Construction. Training Module on Fire Services. Training Module on Urban Poverty Alleviation. Training Module on Urban Transportation.
_____________________________________________________________________ 138
Training Module on Community Participation. Training Module on Provision of Urban Amenities and facilities such as Parks, Gardens, and playgrounds. Training Module on Slum Improvement and Upgradation. Training Module on Municipal Finance and Resource Mobilization. These programmes can also be broadly classified into the above mentioned categories. But it is apparent from this list that sufficient efforts have not been made and there is a need to make more concerted efforts in the field of training and development to arrive at more sustainable gains from it. The training evaluation report of these programs further sums up to the fact that these training have not achieved the desired results and require efforts to obtain significant and sustained knowledge gain. As identified by most of the Corporation Employees, there are no clear guidelines available for carrying out such programmes and there is no mechanism available to nominate the employees for the same. These factors reiterate that fundamental need at JMC is in-depth study of the Organizational Structure and Capacity Mapping at all the levels.
1.2 ACTION PLAN

Following are the steps that should be taken extensively at the department: HR INITIATIVES Prepare an organization chart based on personnel functions and assign appropriately qualified personnel to identified posts. Establish an HR Department/agency Formulate an HR policy incorporating key HR elements (rewards, incentives, training and career planning) Determine the areas of capacity building and training for the staff. FORMATION OF A FOCUS GROUP A team of selected personnel would be constituted that will facilitate the process of training and capacity building. As it is not possible for the department to implement the training strategy without the professional help in the area and at the same time any outside agency would not be able to do justice unless the programme is developed jointly by a professional along with an internal department resource who has a detailed insight to the department. REVIEW OF TRAINING NEEDS A comprehensive exercise with the selected personnel would be undertaken to assess the training needs of the persons directly connected with the planning process. This stocktaking will develop a training strategy in consultation with other states carrying the similar range of activities hence facilitating the knowledge sharing and management.
_____________________________________________________________________ 139
The training strategy will develop profile of participants, training design and training modules. TRAINING MANUAL A Training Manual is a set of guide lines, and instructions elaborating systems, procedures, processes, and techniques required to be applied in planning, formulating, implementing, and reviewing departmental training and development interventions by the organization. In government departments also there is a need to develop training manual to provide direction for formulating departmental training policy, implementation strategies, and programmes of action. TRAINING PLAN The need for a training plan is to meet the short-term/long-term requirements of an organization for improving the performance of valuable human resources at all levels. To be successful, training programmes should not be created in isolation, but structured in line with goals and the development plans of the individual/ organization. The training and development plan must be an integrated system of the HR development process and must be monitored periodically to measure progress. WORKSHOP WITH RESOURCE PERSONS A team of resource persons will be constituted to develop resource and learning material for the training modules TRAINING OF TRAINERS A critical mass of trainer will be developed at multi-levels. This group will in turn take care of the training down the line. CONDUCTING TRAINING Depending on the number of trainers a series of training of trainers programme will be conducted. The time frame of the same can be mutually decided by concerned personnel. PERIODIC REVIEW A team of experts and selected beneficiaries will conduct a mid-term review. TRAINING REINFORCEMENT & CONTINUITY Ideally, training should have reference to earlier programmes and build on them. Trainees learn more when training is encapsulated and repeated with welldefined objectives concise and yet comprehensive. The other training and capacity building activities can be undertaken as per the Training process flow given in the chart and the action plan as listed as in Table 1.2.
TABLE 1.2: TRAINING PROCESS FLOW Broad Training Process Flow
_____________________________________________________________________ 140
Action Plan
Indicators of Achievement
1 2 I. BROAD OBJECTIVES Capacity development through training. II. IMMEDIATE Systematic approach OBJECTIVES introduced in identifying training 2.1 To identify needs by trainers while designing training needs and implementing training. Recommendation/suggestion To introduce made by the participants and systematic feed in to the development of training to training strategy. identify training needs of identified target group To develop training strategy as per the need
Assessment Indicators 3
of Assumption (Risk) 4 The Project understand impact of TOT will be slow. The field level functionarie s are able to articulate their actual needs to make the project successful
Formation of Steering Group at the Project level Field trip organized to assess the training need Steering Group approves of the training strategy Knowledge and skills are reflected in the course organized by the trainer. Assessment of quality of modules on the basis of contents and processes by Project partners
III. MODULE DEVELOPMENT To develop training modules on identified and agreed competence requirement at, Block and District level
Development of modules on identified needs for capacity building
Priority given by the Project. Effective networking amongst Project partners. Project partners take training as a serious business. Timely release of the fund for module developmen t Availability of
IV. PILOT TESTING To test the training module and its effectiveness
Course conducted for testing training modules
Incorporation of Feedback from participants for improved quality
_____________________________________________________________________ 141
V. TRAINING OF TRAINERS To develop critical mass of trainer at block/sector level
Selection of Trainers Collaborative development of training and resources amongst Trainers.
Identified trainers undergoes training
VI. TRAINING To conduct and facilitate training at various levels
Trainers conduct courses for identified client at various levels
Number of courses conducted and number of people trained
professional s Willingness to learn Selection of trainer Trained Trainers remained in post. Trainers get opportunity to demonstrate their learned behavior Availability of trainees Project able to sustain the focus and momentum of training
FIGURE 1: THE TRAINING CYCLE
_____________________________________________________________________ 142
1.3 REFORMS
All reforms required under this project at the ULB level shall be taken up within a period of one year. Reforms at the state level shall be carried out by the state government.
1.4 CONCLUSION
The development of human resource at the local level has seldom gone beyond nominating a few officers for programmes being conducted by various training institutes and understandably as it has not produced any tangible changes in the working of ULBs anywhere. This is because although the trainers there may have the expertise and training material required, they lack in insiders perspective and seldom have a stake in the development of the organization as a whole. Training may help to upgrade skills and knowledge and sensitize people but it cannot build capacities among organizational chaos. True change flows from true empowerment of the worker and that comes from arming him with the information to take the right decisions. A fundamental change is needed in finding solution as every level and to device the holistic policies and strategies with a very clear emphasis on all-round Human Development. Identifying the impediments, and devising the relevant strategies to combat them through identifying the individual capacities and training & building upon them is the key answer in place of delivering off the shelf ready made programs. As the
_____________________________________________________________________ 143
person is empowered to his/her full capacity the difference between the mere policy maker and the person who can deliver. There is an acute need at MCJ to focus on strategic capacity building initiatives that would require an emphasis on assessing the skills and knowledge necessary to determine needs, seek solutions, process information and change priorities, the emphasis of human resource development should be much wider than individual training courses. This document seeks to present the road map to achieve the all-round development, realistic and sustainable optimal use of the resources to fulfill the State and Society expectations by executing their entrusted jobs effectively. To achieve the sustained implementation of a programme to recruit, train, motivate and develop a local work force to become more efficient, dedicated and effective members of the public service.
1. OVERVIEW
Municipal governments have been assigned a range of functions related to the provision of the public services. They strive to meet the costs of constructing and maintaining urban facilities and services. Revenues must be raised to cover capital investments and recurrent-revenue expenditures, as well as employees salaries and debt services. The raised revenues must be utilized to attain the needs of the public as well enhance the
_____________________________________________________________________ 144
development of the city as a whole Meaning, management of revenues and expenditure planning is very important aspect for any local body. Jabalpur Municipal Corporation maintains municipal Account for managing the finances of the Municipal Council. The accounts of the municipal fund are maintained on an accrual based double entry system (Under Process). Section 132 of Madhya Pradesh Municipal Corporations Act, 1956, mandates the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) to levy and collect taxes approved by the State Government and notified in the Official Gazette. This section contains a description of the municipal finances, the sources and uses of funds, and an assessment of municipal finances based on important financial indicators. The Municipal Accounts code of Government of Madhya Parades prescribes the organization of the municipal Accounts in to three broad categories of General Account, capital Account and Debt & Suspense (or Extraordinary) Account. Data collected from the annual accounts of the MCJ have been compiled and analyzed under these three categories. For the purpose of municipal fiscal assessment, financial data pertaining to the last five years (2000-01 to 2004-05) have been compiled in an abstract format. TABLE 1.1: SUMMARIZED MUNICIPAL FISCAL STATUS OF JABALPUR MUNICIPAL CORPORATION Abstract of Accounts 1- Income and Expenditure Statement Head of Account 2000- 01 2001- 022002- 032003 - 042004- 05 Total- Revenue Income 2,630.79 4,629.866,565.87 5,359.34 6,540.93 Total- Revenue Expenditure 4,227.26 3,629.794,950.78 4,331.67 4,934.80 Operating Surplus (Revenue Account) (1,596.47)1,000.07 1,615.09 1,027.67 1,606.13 Total- Capital Income 942.57 1,058.61 1,262.28 1,220.35 2,567.24 Total - Capital Expenditure 1,133.38 1,342.02 1,893.74 1,536.58 1,621.69 Operating Surplus (Capital Account) (190.81) (283.41) (631.46) (316.23) 945.55 Source: Jabalpur Municipal Corporation and Financial analysis
1.1 REVENUE ACCOUNT

The Revenue Account comprises of recurring items of income and expenditure. These are essentially all financial transactions related to the day-to-day operations of the Municipal Corporation. Table 1.2 summarizes the status of the Revenue Account. Jabalpur Municipal Corporation has maintained a reasonably good revenue account status during the last two years 2003-04 to 2004-05. TABLE 1.2: REVENUE ACCOUNT STATUS Abstract of Accounts Head of Account Revenue Income
Tax- Own Sources Assigned Revenues Non Tax- Own Sources Revenue Grants
1- Income and Expenditure Statement 2000- 01 2001- 022002- 032003 - 04 2004- 05

1,442.51 374.16 257.51 1,608.10 2,005.49 295.75 1,825.66 3,720.32 248.75 1,789.69 2,562.29 317.23 2,321.38 3,056.72 312.66
_____________________________________________________________________ 145
Water and Sewerage Account
556.61
720.51
771.14
690.13
850.17
Total- Revenue Income Revenue Expenditure

Establishment Operation & Maintenance Water and Sewerage Account Debt Servicing
2,630.79 4,629.86 6,565.87 5,359.34 6,540.93

2,588.16 1,058.30 580.80 2,611.11 634.21 384.47 2,913.16 847.19 1,190.44 2,997.18 847.11 487.38 3,564.91 983.75 386.13 -
Total- Revenue Expenditure 4,227.26 3,629.79 4,950.78 4,331.67 4,934.80 Operating Surplus (Revenue Account)(1,596.47) 1,000.07 1,615.09 1,027.67 1,606.13 Source: Jabalpur Municipal Corporation and Financial analysis
1.2 REVENUE INCOME

The revenue income of Municipal Corporation Jabalpur has increased from Rs. 2630.79 lakh in 2000-2001 to Rs. 6540.93 lakh in 2004-05 a CAGR of about 7.71 per cent. Revenue income consists of the following major sources REVENUE ACCOUNT-INCOME JABALPUR MUNICIPAL CORPORATION
7,000 6,000 5,000 Rs. Lakh 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 2000- 01 2001- 02 Tax- Own Sources Assigned Revenues 2002- 03 2003 - 04 Revenue Grants 2004- 05
Non Tax- Own Sources
Own Sources/Tax comprises of income primarily sourced from consolidated property tax4 and consolidated tax5 (general purpose tax, water tax, lighting tax and scavenging tax, educational cess, city development cess). On an average, through the assessment period, own source/tax income constitutes 20.70 percent of the MCJs revenue income, with consolidated property tax constituting about 13.06 percent of the revenue income. MCJ levies a consolidated property tax of 6-10 per cent of the Annual Rateable Value (ARV). Income from the aforesaid sources is showing an increasing trend over the assessment period with a CAGR of 39 percent. Own Sources/Non Tax comprises of income from municipal properties, fees on municipal services (building permission, etc.), user charges (water and sewerage tariffs) and income from special services (educational and medical). On an average, through the assessment period, own source/non tax income constitutes 10.74
_____________________________________________________________________ 146
percent of the total revenue income. Income through non-tax own sources of the MCJ has decreased over the assessment period at a CAGR of -6 per cent. Assigned Revenues comprises of income from Government of Madhya Pradesh (GoMP)/State transfers of municipal income collected by the state line department. The income items include surcharge on stamp duty, entertainment tax, motor vehicle tax, and other transfers. Collection of entertainment tax has been discontinued for the last three years. The amounts of funds transferred to the MCJ under this head have fluctuated largely during the assessment period, indicating irregular transfers. Assigned revenue constitutes about 52 per cent of the MCJs total revenue income and has grown at a CAGR of about 8 per cent over the assessment period. Revenue Grants and Contribution comprises octroi compensation grants, State Finance Commission (SFC) grants, special establishment grants and other special grants that the State Government may transfer from time-to-time to the MCJ. In case of Jabalpur, octroi compensation is the only significant grant and it accounts for an average of about 49.23 per cent of the total revenue income over the assessment period. Income under this head has grown at a CAGR of about 9 per cent over the assessment period.
1.3 REVENUE EXPENDITURE

The revenue expenditure of Jabalpur Municipal Corporation has grown at a CAGR of 8 per cent during the assessment period, just higher than the growth in revenue income (7.7 per cent). This explains the average fiscal status of the MCJ and has resulted in an increasing operating surplus over the last assessment years. Revenue expenditure comprises broadly of three categories of expenditure establishment, operation and maintenance and debt servicing. The accruals to the municipal fund are applied to carry out designated municipal functions and services comprising: General Administration and Tax Collection comprises expenditure on pay and allowances of elected representatives, salary and other operational expenses related to general administration and revenue collection, pension and gratuity payouts and provident fund contributions. The annual expenditure under this head is to the tune of about Rs. 3564 lakh (2004-05) accounting for about 40 per cent of the revenue expenditure. Water Supply Expenditure on water supply comprises salaries of all relevant staff and operating expenditure incurred largely on electricity charges and purchase of chemicals for water treatment. Water Supply expenditure accounts for about 18 per cent of the total revenue expenditure.
_____________________________________________________________________ 147
REVENUE ACCOUNT EXPENDITURE JABALPUR MUNICIPAL CORPORATION

5,000 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 Rs. Lakh 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 2000- 01 2001- 02 2002- 03 Year 2003 - 04 2004- 05
Establishment
Operation & Maintenance
Solid Waste Management is the single largest expenditure head in the municipal fund, account for an average of over 60 per cent of the revenue expenditure over the assessment period. This head covers expenditure incurred in conservancy operations of the MCJ, including salaries of supervisory and field staff and operation and maintenance of a fleet of vehicles for solid waste collection and transportation. On an average, over 90 per cent of expenditure under this head is attributed to salary expenses. Expenditure under this head has increased at a CAGR of about 17 per cent over the assessment period. Street Lighting accounts for about 5 per cent of the revenue expenditure and comprises primarily of expenditure on electricity charges and replacement of lighting fixtures. Expenditure on other services accounts for less than 1 per cent of the revenue expenditure public health (medical) 0.66 per cent and other services 0.16 per cent. Jabalpur MCJ has not incurred any expenditure on education services over the assessment period. The financial data provided by the MCJ does not indicate any expenditure on public works either. Debt Servicing comprises interest payments on external borrowings. According to the financial data provided by the MCJ, there has been no debt servicing during the assessment period. In the absence of data regarding borrowings, it is not possible to ascertain whether the MCJ is defaulting on debt servicing or whether there is not commitment.
_____________________________________________________________________ 148
1.4 CAPITAL ACCOUNT

The Capital Account comprises of income and expenditure, for and on capital works. Table 1-3 summarizes the capital account of the MCJ. It may be noted that the last three years of the assessment period had a net deficit capital account status indicating utilization of revenue account surpluses for capital works, which is a positive trend. TABLE 1-3 CAPITAL ACCOUNT
Abstract of Accounts Head of Account Capital Income Total- Capital Income Capital Expenditure
Capital Loans Capital Grants and Contribution
1- Income and Expenditure Statement 2000- 01 2001- 02 2002- 03 Rs. Lakh

942.57 1058.61 1262.28 -
2003 - 04
300.79 919.57
2004- 05
544.00 2023.24
942.57
1,058.61
1,262.28
1,220.35
2,567.24
General Remunerative Schemes Non-Remunerative and Others Public Works and Roads Water Supply Sewerage & Sanitation Street Lighting Public Health & Conservancy Education Others Council Works
14.90 332.75 299.29 156.41 125.13 50.05 45.05 59.61 50.19
68.65 419.19 274.42 61.03 48.82 19.53 17.58 274.61 158.19
22.94 660.51 355.70 221.24 177.00 70.80 63.72 91.75 230.08
68.34 534.05 182.40 142.92 114.34 45.74 41.16 11.27 396.36
55.78 688.04 304.67 55.79 44.64 67.85 16.07 73.14 315.70
Total - Capital Expenditure Operating Surplus (Capital Account)
1,133.38 (190.81)
1,342.02 (283.41)
1,893.74 (631.46)
1,536.58 (316.23)
1,621.69 945.55
Note: Figures in parentheses indicates a deficit Source: Jabalpur, MCJ and financial analysis.
1.5 CAPITAL INCOME

The sources of capital income comprise largely of grants under state/central government schemes, loans, and own sources including consumer contributions towards one-time connection charges for water and UGD connections and lease of municipal capital assets. The annual accounts statements of Jabalpur MCJ indicate that the only source of capital income during the assessment period has been through own sources under the head of lease of municipal properties.
_____________________________________________________________________ 149
1.6 CAPITAL EXPENDITURE

Capital expenditure comprises all capital expenditure on creation of infrastructure systems and purchase of plant, equipment and machinery. Most of the capital expenditure incurred during the assessment period has been on roads and storm water drains.
1.7 KEY FINANCIAL INDICATORS

A set of key financial indicators have been derived using the financial data procured from the MCJ for the assessment period. Table 1.3 presents these indicators. These indicators are used to assess the municipal performance with regards resource mobilization, fund utilization, financial performance and collection efficiencies. RESOURCE MOBILIZATION INDICATORS These indicators summarize the performance of the MCJ with regards sources of funds. Jabalpur MCJ derives about 54 per cent of its revenue income from grants, while own sources account for less than 42 per cent of the revenue income. This indicates a very high reliability on grants for operations. FUND APPLICATION INDICATORS These indicators are a measure to ascertain the utilization from the municipal fund. About 84 per cent of the revenue expenditure is spent on maintenance of municipal services and the rest, 16 per cent, is spent on general administration and revenue collection. However, with regards the nature of expenditure, about 82 per cent is incurred on establishment-related heads salaries, pensions and provident fund contributions which is very high considering that only about 18 per cent is spent on operation and maintenance of services. OVERALL FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE INDICATORS These indicators are a measure to assess the overall financial performance of the municipality with regards operational performance and effective growth in revenue income and expenditure. The average operating ratio during the assessment period was a healthy 0.85 and the capital utilization ration was also high at 4.28 indicating effective utilization of revenue surpluses in asset creation. The indicators of growth in per capita income and expenditure item heads indicate the effective growth, giving a performance measure relative to the growing population. EFFICIENCY INDICATORS These indicators are essentially a measure to assess municipal efficiency with regards revenue base coverage and realization.
_____________________________________________________________________ 150
TABLE 1.4: FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FOR JABALPUR MUNICIPAL CORPORATION. Indicators RESOURCE MOBILISATION
Per Capita Income Sources of Funds a. Share of Own Sources in Total Revenue Income b. Share of Octroi in Total Revenue Income c. Share of Property Tax in Total Revenue Income d. Share of Revenue Grants & Subsidies in Total Revenue Income Growth in Revenue Income Growth in Own Sources of Revenue Income Per Capita Own Income 33.39 43.53 12.04 (18.38) (1.97) 225.95 % % % % % p.a % Rs. P.a
Value
701.45
Unit
Rs. p.a
B FUND APPLICATION
Per Capita Expenditure Uses of Funds a. Share of Establishment Expenditure in Total Revenue Expenditure b. Share of O&M Expenditure in Total Revenue Expenditure c. Share of Establishment Expenditure to Total Revenue Income Growth in Establishment Expenditure Growth in O&M Expenditure Growth in Total Revenue Expenditure 69.19 19.56 55.92 2.88 % % % % 464.53 Rs. p.a
(0.01) % (12.51) % p.a
D PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
Operating Ratio Capital Utilisation Ratio 0.86 1.26
Ratio
Ratio
E EFFICIENCY INDICATORS
Tax Collection Performance a. b. c. d. Consolidated Tax Property Tax Water Tax 13.53 %
54.75 % 48.25 % 49.46 % 858.68 Rs. p.a 6.67 Persons
Conservancy Tax Property Tax Demand per Assessment Population per P.T Assessment
Source: Jabalpur MCJ and analysis.
1.7 KEY ISSUES AND CONCLUSION

Key issues and conclusions are based on the review and assessment municipal finances and discussions with relevant municipal officials. MAINTENANCE AND REPORTING OF ACCOUNTS The common municipal accounts code is not fully adhered to, especially in cases where new transaction item heads are encountered. Apportionment of revenue and capital
_____________________________________________________________________ 151
items of income and expenditure is not carried out appropriately due to non-clarity in principles of such apportionment at the local level. The liability statement, which is mandatory, is not prepared and updated, and there is no clarity regarding the debt serviced or the outstanding loan. While it is reported that the State Government deducts debt due by the MCJ and then transfers funds (SFC devolution), the MCJ records do not capture such apportionment. A common accounting and financial reporting code, updated annually, with interim updations when required, supported with a user manual and organized training of municipal accounts staff will help in streamlining financial accounting and reporting. REVENUE REALIZATION Taxes and charges are major own sources of revenue income. Being more dynamic in nature and within the control of the MCJ, these revenue incomes have potential to contribute more to the municipal fund. Besides low tax rates and charges levied, the actual demand itself is not established. Key issues regarding the above comprise: Lukewarm response to the self assessment scheme of property tax assessment and declaration; High reliability on revenue grants for operations revenue grants contribute about 54 per cent of revenue income; Low average property tax demand per assessment (Rs. 517 per annum); Inappropriate record keeping with regard to property tax and water charge assesses; Unclear status on extent of outstanding taxes and charges collectable.
FUND APPLICATION Key issues regarding application from the municipal fund comprise: Most of the revenue expenditure (82 per cent) is accounted for by establishment item heads, leaving very little for expenditure on operation and maintenance of services; Absence of information on outstanding debt and non-debt liabilities (dues to service providers like MPSEB, cess transfers to state government, etc.), as a result of which the actual fiscal position is not ascertainable.
2. JABALPUR CITY INVESTMENT PLAN
2.1 PROJECT IDENTIFICATION AND COSTING

Broad areas of investment under two sumissions of Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission, JNNURM (i.Urban infrastructure and Governance; ii. Basicservices to Urban
_____________________________________________________________________ 152
Poor) are identified and estimated cost for each of the core service sectors of MCJ based on a rapid assessment of the levels and status of urban basic services discussed in Technical review of City basic Infrastructure and future demand (normative)-supply gap assessment, using unit costs. Unit costs adopted are based on estimates of similar projects planned/executed by MCJ in consultation with the respective departments.
2.1.1 BASIS FOR PROJECT IDENTIFICATION

Projects identified under each of the core service sectors are broadly categorized as: Projects for system/infrastructure augmentation; Projects for system/infrastructure refurbishment; and Other developmental projects.
2.1.2 PROJECTS FOR SYSTEM AND INFRASTRUCTURE AUGMENTATION

The projects for system and infrastructure augmentation are derived based on a broad demand-supply gap assessment for each of the service sectors, except for sewerage and fire services, where detailed project specifications and estimates are worked out by PHED and MCJ respectively. The forecast population for the planning horizon (2021) used for demand estimation is 1447936. The norms adopted are based on sector norms derived from various sources including the PHED, GoMP for water supply and CPHEEO for solid waste management. In sectors like roads and street lighting, the norms for surface type of roads, streetlight spacing and composition of streetlight fixtures are assumed based on existing levels of service so as to improve the level of service from the current levels. In case of sewerage, detailed cost estimates worked out by PHED on the basis of the sewerage master plan are adopted, while in case of fire services, MCJs proposals for augmentation and modernization of the fire fighting and rescue systems are adopted.
2.1.3 PROJECTS FOR SYSTEM AND INFRASTRUCTURE REFURBISHMENT

Projects for system and infrastructure refurbishment are derived based on a quick assessment of system conditions and discussions with local authorities. Such projects are aimed at ensuring optimal and efficient utilization of existing infrastructure systems.
2.1.4 OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL PROJECTS

Other developmental projects include projects other than those from core service sectors. Such projects are identified based on lists and/or reports prepared by MCJ and Jabalpur Development Authority (like improvement of water bodies in Jabalpur and
_____________________________________________________________________ 153
renewal of the city core and heritage areas). This also includes the city level facilities like Parks, Sports stadium, over bridges, subways, parking and tourism and recreational facilities.
2.1.5 SECTOR-WISE COSTING
PROJECT
IDENTIFICATION
AND
TABLE 2.1 SUMMARY OF SECTOR WISE INVESTMENT IDENTIFIED UNDER THE PROJECT
Sl. Sector/ Component A. TRAFFIC & TRANSPORT 1 Roads a. Up gradation of Existing Roads b. Construction of New Roads Sub Total 2 Bus Terminus a. New Bus Terminus Investment Requirement- Rs. Share in Total/ Lakh @ 2005-06 Prices Grand Total
41319.00 24291.00 65610.00 1500.00 400.00 1900.00 550.00 594.00 250.00 2000.00 3394.00 70904.00
34%
b. Improvement of existing Bus Terminus Sub Total 3 Development of New Transport Nagar 4 Development of Multilevel parking 5 Development of subway 6 Construction of bridge at gwarighat Sub Total Total Traffic & Transportation B. CITY LEVEL INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES 1 Sports a. Development of new Sports Complex b. Improvement and Up gradation of Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla Stadium and Ranitaal Stadium 2
0.98%
1.75%
4500.0 1400.00
Environmental Up gradation and 2300.00 Development of Uphill facilities 3 Development of Senic Spots in the city 1405.00 4 Water front Development 825.00 (Gwari Ghat, Gour Gghat & Tilwara Gaht ) 5 Restoration of Old and heritage Structures & sites 500.00 6 Up gradation & revitalisation of water Bodies 3150.00 7 Construction of Auditorium/cultural center 1750.00 8 Develoment of Exibition & Mela Ground 200.00 9 Construction of Working Women Hostel & Old Age 600.00 Home 10 Development of Cremition Ground and Buriual Ground. 230.00 11 Development of Vanaya Parani Vihar 600.00 Sub Total 17460.00 Total City Level infrastructure 17460.00 C. CITY LEVEL BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES 1 Water Supply a. System Augmentation 15982.0 b. System Refurbishment Sub Total 15982.00 2 Sewerage and sanitation a. Sewerage System 22750.00 b. Sanitation
9.05%
8.28%
_____________________________________________________________________ 154
Sub Total 3 Solid Waste Management a. Procurement of Equipments b. Sanitary Engineered Disposal Facility c. Other Sub Total Strom Water Drains Construction of New Drains Renovation of Primary drains Sub Total D. BASIC SERVICES TO URBAN POOR 1 Slum Improvement and rehabbitation project 2 Integrated Infrastructure development, housing 3 Civic Aminities, community hall, chlid care center. Sub Total Total of Investment for basic services to Urban poor. 4
22750.00 903.00 1545.00 2448.00 8450.00 8150.00 16600.00 5778.00 38500.00 2500.00 46778.00 104558.00
11.79%
1.26%
8.6%
24.2%
Grand Total Investment 192922 Source: MCJ
2.1.6 FINANCING PLAN

The Project is proposed to be financed with assistance from GoI and State Government of Madhya Pradesh and a share of Jabalpur Municipal Corporation on 50:20:30 basis under the national level Jawaharlal Nehru Urban renewal Mission. The GoI shall disseminate as its share to the state level Nodal agency and then with prior approval of projects through the procedures set under the project financial and technical arrangements for the project funds shall be made available to MCJ to implement the projects. GoMP will further sub-lend a sum of Rs. 38984.40 lakh (20%) and Rs. 97461 lakh (50%) the proceeds of the GoI assistance to the Jabalpur Municipal Corporation in a mix of soft loan and grant/grant cum loan as per stated terms under the mission. The remaining amount of about Rs. 34579.16 (18%) lakh will be contribution of beneficiaries of area improvement facilities (3% of the Investment) and Jabalpur municipal own resources. The balance 11% shall be the share of MCJ through Financial Institutes and Private sector. This amount will finance the cost of city basic infrastructure services Part A, basic services to urban poor under Part D. TABLE 2.2 PROJECT FINANCING OPTIONS PLAN
Financing Options Government of India, GOI (Grant) Government of Madhya Pradesh, GoMP (Grant/soft loan/ Grant cum loan Jabalpur Municipal Corporation Own resources Financial Institutions External Assistance Private Sector Total Estimate of Resource Share 97461 38984.4 34579.1628 18058.4766 5847.66 194922 Percentage 50 20 18 9 3 100
Source: Jabalpur Municipal Corporation
_____________________________________________________________________ 155
3. INVESTMENT SUSTENANCE PLAN 3.1 REVENUE ACCOUNT

The investment sustenance of the Jabalpur Municipal Corporation is assessed using a Financial Operating Plan (FOP) model, which is essentially a forecast of the local bodys finances based on certain realistic assumptions relating to revenue generation and expenditure, in order to assess impacts of proposed investments. The capital
_____________________________________________________________________ 156
investments required for the identified 7-year high priority interventions (HPI) are to be initiated from FY 2005-06. The FOP is worked out for three scenarios, viz. i. Base Case; ii. Full HPI; and iii. Sustainable HPI. In the base case scenario, the finances of the MCJ are forecast in a do nothing wherein the revenue account of the ULB is forecast based on certain realistic assumptions. Since the FOP model is developed to ascertain the HPI investment sustaining capacity, the base case scenario is developed assuming that there will be no new capital account transactions this will indicate the MCJs capacity to generate revenue surpluses to service capital expenditure. In the full HPI scenario, the estimated investment for HPI is phased over the FOP horizon and the implications of this investment in terms of external borrowings required and resultant debt service commitment and additional operation and maintenance expenditure are worked out to assess their impact on the municipal finances. This scenario also takes into consideration the additional revenue generation potential due to large-scale investments in water supply and sewerage projects and the applicable funding structure for capital works. The outcome of this scenario will indicate the extent of fiscal support required by the municipality to sustain the identified HPI. The sustainable HPI scenario is worked out when the full HPI scenario indicates inability of the municipality to sustain the full identified investment. In this case, the identified investment is sized down through an iterative process to assess the maximum investment sustainable by the municipality. The criteria for assessment of investment sustenance are a positive year-to-year closing balance of the municipal account. The outcome of this scenario will give an indication of the actual level of investment sustainable by the municipality without any additional external support. This section elucidates the major assumptions and basis for forecast of the municipal finances for the FOP plan period, the impact of undertaking full HPI on the overall municipal fund and actual investment sustainable by the ULB. The FOP horizon is determined so as to assess the impact of full utilization of the High priority sectoral investment. The proposed capital investments are phased over a 7-year period from FY 2005-06 to 2012-13, implying that the last loan/Grant draw down would occur in FY 2012-13. Considering a 7-year moratorium period adopted, the maximum debt servicing commitment will fall in year 2012-13. The FOP is thus worked out for the period 2005-06 to 2021-21. In the absence of final financial data for FYs 2005-06, 2004-05 is considered as the base year and the finances are estimated / forecast for the period 2005-06 to 2020-2021.
3.2 KEY ASSUMPTIONS
_____________________________________________________________________ 157
The FOP is based on a whole range of assumptions related to income and expenditure. These are critical to ascertain the investment sustenance and would also provide a tool to test certain specific policy decisions regarding revenue and expenditure drivers on the overall municipal fiscal situation. This section elucidates the key assumption adopted for the three FOP scenarios.
REVENUE ACCOUNT
The following section details out the basic assumptions adopted for forecasting income and expenditure. ASSUMPTIONS FOR FORECASTING INCOME AND EXPENDITURE The assumptions and working sheets for forecasting municipal income and expenditure for the three scenarios base case, full investment and sustainable investment - are presented in Tables below. The assumptions adopted are primarily based on past trends (5-year average growth trend or 5-year compound annual growth rate - CAGR, whichever is lower), subject to minimum and maximum annual growth rate ceilings. MUNICIPAL TAXES The primary tax sources, viz. property tax, water tax/charge and consolidated tax are forecast based on assumptions on the base (number of assessments) and basis (tax demand per assessment) and the collection efficiencies. In addition to the above taxes, provision is also made for estimating income from sewerage tax/charge, subject to implementation of the proposed sewerage scheme. A Property Tax Number of Assessments In case of property tax, the total number of property tax assessments in 2004-05 as per MCJ records adopted as the base. The number of properties in MCJ has increased from 120500 to 155870 at a CAGR of 7.27 per cent during 2000-01 to 2004-05. A nominal growth rate of 1.73 per cent (equivalent to forecast population growth rate of 1.5 per cent during 2005-06 to 2020-21) is adopted for forecasting the number of property tax assessments. Tax Demand per Assessment The average annual property tax demand per assessment in 2004-05 is 358.23 Rs. The same demand per assessment is adopted for 2005-06 to 2010-11 and is assumed to be revised once in 5 years by 30 per cent beginning from 2006-07, at a conservative simple growth rate of 5 per cent per annum. Collection Efficiency The average property tax collection efficiency during 2000-01 to 2004-05 was 29.15 per cent and 24 & 42 per cent of arrears and current tax demands respectively. It is assumed that MCJ would gradually increase its tax collection performance to 50 per cent and 75 per cent against arrears and current tax demand respectively.
TABLE 3.1 KEY ASSUMPTIONS FOR FORECASTING INCOME FROM PROPERTY TAX
Sl.Description
1 Annual growth in number of
Current Level
Assumptions Base Case Full HPI Scenario Scenario

1.5 1.5
Sustainable HPI Scenario

1.5
_____________________________________________________________________ 158
assessments (%) Annual growth in ARV of new 2 assessments (%) Average ARV per Property (Rs. Per 3 Annum) 4 Tax Rate (% of ARV) 5 Periodic increase in ARV (%) 2005-06 2010-11 2015-16 2020-21 Collection Performance (% of 6 Demand) Arrears Current Growth in revenue from property7 related taxes 3 3 3
6-10 30 30 30 30
6-10 30 30 30 30
6-10 30 30 30 30
50 75 13.3
50 75 13.3
50 75 13.3
B. Water Tax/Charges Number of Assessments There are about 51600 registered house service connections in MCJ, which accounts for only about 33 per cent of the property tax assessments. In addition, as reported by MCJ officials, there are an estimated 25500 unauthorized house service connections. For the base case scenario, it is assumed that the 15,000 unauthorized connections would be regularized in 2006-07, thereby increasing the number of HSCs to 77,099 (83.76 per cent of the number of property tax assessments). In the absence of additional investment in water supply, the number of water tax/charge assessments is assumed to stagnate at the 2004-05 level. At a nominal regularization fee of Rs. 1,000 per connection, the income from regularization accruing to MCJ would be Rs. 150.00 Lakh. In the full investment scenario, it is assumed that due to augmentation of the water supply network, MCJ would cover 90 per cent of the property tax assessments through house service connections (HSCs) in a phased manner by 2007-08. Tax Demand per Assessment The average monthly water tax demand per assessment in 2000-01 is Rs. 126.82. The same demand per assessment is adopted for 2001-02 to 2002-03 and is assumed to be revised once in 5 years by 30 per cent beginning from 2006-07, at a conservative simple growth rate of 5 per cent per annum. Collection Efficiency The average water tax collection efficiency during 2000-01 to 2004-05 was 24.38 per cent and only 11 per cent of arrears and 43 per cent current tax demands respectively. It is assumed that MCJ would gradually increase its tax collection performance to 50 per cent and 75 per cent against arrears and current tax demand respectively.
TABLE 3.1 KEY ASSUMPTIONS FOR FORECASTING INCOME FROM WATER CHARGES
_____________________________________________________________________ 159
Sl.Description
% water connections to property tax 1 assessments Avg monthly water charge per 2 connection (Rs.) 3 Periodic revision in water charges 2005-06 2010-11 2015-16 2020-21 Collection Performance (% of 4 Demand) Arrears Current Growth in income from water charges 5 (% p.a)
Current Level
52.4 60 -----

52.4 60 30 30 30 30 80 60 30 30 30 30

66.2 60 30 30 30 30
85.71 61.11 29.08
50 75 5.54
50 75 5.54
50 75 5.54
Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur C. CONSOLIDATED TAX Number of Assessments The number of assessments for consolidated tax is the same as that for property tax, and the same is adopted for future years. Tax Demand per Assessment The average annual consolidated tax demand per assessment in 2000-01 is Rs. 159.47. The same demand per assessment is adopted for 2005-06 to 2007-08 and is assumed to be revised once in 5 years by 30 per cent beginning from 2007-08, at a conservative simple growth rate of 5 per cent per annum. Collection Efficiency The average consolidated tax collection efficiency during 2000-01 to 2004-05 was 13.52 per cent and 6 per cent of arrears and 37 Per cent current tax demands respectively. It is assumed that MCJ would maintain a 50 per cent collection performance against arrears demand and gradually increase its collection performance to 75 per cent against current tax demand.
D. SEWERAGE TAX/CHARGE MCJ does not levy a sewerage tax/charge currently. Hence this tax is not considered in the base case scenario. However, if the sewerage scheme, envisaged as part of the CIP is implemented, it is assumed that MCJ would levy a sewerage charge. Number of Assessments
_____________________________________________________________________ 160
The ultimate number of assessments for sewerage charge, or the number of sewerage connections is assumed at 75 per cent of the total water connections. It is assumed that the 75 per cent coverage will be achieved in three annual phases of 25 per cent each beginning from 2006-07. From FY 2005-06 onward, a proportion of 75 per cent will be maintained. Tax Demand per Assessment An average monthly sewerage tax/charge demand of Rs. 100 per connection from FY 2006-07 is assumed to compute the demand from sewerage tax/charge. The sewerage tax/charge is assumed to be revised by 30 per cent once in five years, beginning from 2007-08, at a conservative simple growth rate of 5 per cent per annum. Collection Efficiency A collection efficiency of 50 per cent of the current demand of sewerage tax/charge is assumed for the first year of the levy of the charge, i.e. 2006-07. From 2008-09 onward, a collection efficiency of 50 per cent and 75 per cent of the arrears and current demands respectively, is assumed.
TABLE 3.3 CHARGES
KEY ASSUMPTIONS FOR FORECASTING INCOME FROM DRAINAGE
Sl.Description
% drainage connections to PT 1 assessments
Current Level
-

30 30 30 30 50 75 -100 60 50 30 30 30 30 50 75 -100

30 50 30 30 30 30 50 75 -100
Avg. monthly drainage charge per 2 connection (Rs.) 3 Periodic revision in drainage charges 2005-06 -2010-11 -2015-16 -2020-21 -4 Collection Performance (% of Demand) 5 Arrears -6 Current -Growth in income from drainage 7 charges (% p.a) -100
_____________________________________________________________________ 161
Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur E. OTHER TAXES Other relatively insignificant taxes like wheel tax, cinema tax, entry tax, etc. are forecast to grow at a nominal rate of 15 per cent per annum, as against a CAGR of 4.3 per cent. The very low CAGR in realization from other taxes is due to the decrease in the Assigned revenues of cinema and passenger tax came into effect only in 2000-01. However, based on reports that entry tax would not be levied from FY 2001-02, the income from other taxes is forecast based on the 2000-01 realization. The CAGR of income from all taxes forecast based on the above assumptions for the period 2000-01 to 2004-05 works out to 9.92 per cent, against the actual 5-year CAGR of 26 per cent during 1996-97 to 2000-01.
3.3 NON TAX SOURCES

The non-tax sources of revenue income, viz. municipal own sources, compensation and assigned revenue and revenue grants are forecast purely based on past trends (5-year average growth trend or 5-year compound annual growth rate - CAGR, whichever is lower) subject to minimum and maximum annual growth rate ceilings of 5 per cent and 15 per cent respectively. The CAGR of income from all non-tax sources forecast based on the above assumptions for the period 2005-06 to 2020-21 works out to 13.59 per cent, as against the actual 5year CAGR of 43.88 per cent during 2000-01 to 2004-05.
TABLE 3.4 KEY RATE ASSUMPTIONS FOR INCOME FROM OTHER OWN SOURCES
Sl. Description
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Octroi income Profession tax Rent from municipal properties Income from educational institutions Sale proceeds of produce of lands etc. Non-tax conservancy receipts Interest income Miscellaneous
Current Level Assumption (All three Scenarios)

--100 4.18 --43.5 --100 59.69 5 5.00 -42.5 15
Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur Based on the above assumptions, the CAGR of the total revenue income works out to 12.67 per cent as against the actual CAGR of 21.95 per cent during 2000-01 to 2004-05, which is very much on the conservative side.
3.4 REVENUE EXPENDITURE
_____________________________________________________________________ 162
Items of revenue expenditure are categorized under the following broad heads, viz. Establishment expenditure; Contingency/O&M expenditure; Employee terminal benefits, pensions, etc.; Debt servicing; Clearing of non-debt liability; and Additional recurring and debt servicing expenditure due to CIP.
ESTABLISHMENT EXPENDITURE The establishment expenditure of MCJ has grown at a CAGR of about 7.22 per cent during the last five years. The same growth rate 7.22 per cent per annum is assumed for forecasting establishment expenditure. CONTINGENCY/O&M EXPENDITURE The expenditure incurred by MCJ in operation and maintenance and minor repairs of its infrastructure systems and properties has grown at a CAGR of 22.58 percent during 2000-01 to 2004-05. This high growth is primarily due to inappropriate booking of expenses by MCJ in terms of capital and revenue items. It is likely that some capital expenditure items have been accounted under revenue account. A nominal growth rate of 15 per cent per annum is assumed to forecast operation and maintenance and contingency expenditure. EMPLOYEE TERMINAL BENEFITS, PENSIONS, ETC. Expenditure on employee terminal benefits and pensions has grown at a CAGR of 16.34 per cent during 2000-01 to 2004-05. The same growth rate of 16.34 per annum is adopted for forecasting expenditure under this head.
TABLE 3-2 KEY GROWTH RATE ASSUMPTIONS FOR FORECASTING REVENUE EXPENDITURE
Sl. Description
1 General Administration & revenue Collection Allowance to Elected Rep. Overall General Administration Tax Collection Expenses Pensions and Gratuities Contribution to Provident Fund
Current Level
-45.3 15.94 23.49 -24.79
Assumption (All three Scenarios)

5 15.00 15 15
Total-General Admin. & Revenue Collection

2 Municipal Services Water Supply Sewerage & Sanitation Solid Waste Management
17.33
9.26 -16.83
14.97
9.26 15
_____________________________________________________________________ 163
Public Works (Roads, Drains & Bldgs) Street Lighting Public Health (Medical) Education Other Services & Misc.
-36.42 5.4 --4.6
15 5 5
Total- Municipal Services Source: Municipal Corporation of Jabalpur
16.09
14.09
DEBT SERVICING The outstanding debt liability of MCJ as on 31st March 2005 was reported to be nil. CLEARING OF NON-DEBT LIABILITY The outstanding non-debt liability of MCJ is primarily in the form of power charges due to Madhya Pradesh State Electricity Board (MPSEB). According to information collected from the office of MPSEB in Jabalpur, the outstanding power charges due from MCJ is Cleared. But MCJ officials claim that some reconciliation had been carried out based on MPSEB dues to MCJ in the form of property tax and there was no outstanding amount due to MPSEB. Thus this amount is not considered in the forecast of expenditure. Based on the above assumptions, the CAGR of total revenue expenditure for the period 2005-06 to 2020-21 works out to about 9.06 per cent, against the actual CAGR of 13.4 per cent during 2000-01 to 2004-05. ADDITIONAL RECURRING AND DEBT SERVICING EXPENDITURE DUE TO CIP Additional Recurring Expenditure The capital investments envisaged as per the CIP are bound to impose additional establishment and O&M expenditure on MCJ. Such additional expenditure is estimated based on percentage of capital costs as estimated by the consultants from their experience in other projects. The percentages thus adopted are presented in TABLE 3.3.
TABLE 3.3: BASIS FOR ADDITIONAL RECURRING EXPENDITURE DUE TO ENVISAGED CIP
Sl.Sector O&M Expenditure % of capital cost 3 Additional O&M Expenditure in Full HPI Scenario Rs. Lakh at current prices 191.65 544.32 385.83 269.45 47.98 165.06 33.80 1638.1 59.52 272.16 192.91 74.28 598.87 Additional O&M Expenditure in Sustainable HPI Scenario
1 Water Supply Sewerage & 2 Sanitation 2.00 Solid Waste 3 Management 8 4 Roads 0.75 5 Drainage 1 6 Street Lighting 20 7 Traffic Management 0 8 Slum Upgradation 2.00 9 Others 5 Total
_____________________________________________________________________ 164
3.5 CAPITAL INCOME

3.5.1 GRANTS
MCJ receives project-related capital grants from GoMP for specific schemes like provision of basic services and environment improvement in slums, NRY and SJSRY, flood relief, etc. The CAGR of such grants during 2000-01 to 2004-05 was 31.62 per cent. However, a nominal 15 per cent increase is assumed while forecasting receipts in the form of capital grants. In addition to the above regular capital grants, the FOP has a provision for incorporating GoI and GoMP grants for funding large capital investments under the JNNURM Project, especially in the water, Sewerage, Road and sanitation sectors. The receipts under such grants however are not considered in the investment scenarios, as the policy of GoMP in this regard is not clear.
3.5.2 LOANS
Capital income in the form of loans is forecast based on phased capital investment identified as part of the CIP. It is assumed that regular scheme-based capital grants received by MCJ would be used to fund the identified CIP, and MCJ would mobilize the balance amount to fund the capital investment through loans. The terms of borrowing assumed are interest rate of 15 per cent per annum repayable in 15 years in equal annual installments. Borrowings do not feature in the base case scenario, as the capital investment due to the CIP is not considered. In the other two investment scenarios, the resource gap between phased investment requirement and regular capital grants is assumed to be mobilized through external borrowings.
3.5.3 CAPITAL EXPENDITURE

The capital expenditure in the base case scenario is assumed to be equivalent to the receipt of capital grants on the basis that all capital receipts would be applied only for capital works.
3.6 INVESTMENT PHASING
_____________________________________________________________________ 165
In the investment case scenarios, the identified CIP capital investment of Rs. 194922.00 Lakh at 2005-06 prices is phased over 07 years in consultation with MCJ officials and based on MCJs cash flows. The investment phasing schedule is presented in Error! Reference source not found. and the investment figures at current prices, escalated at 6 per cent per annum are presented in Error! Reference source not found.. The total investment at current prices thus works out to Rs. 194922.00 Lakh over a 16-year period from 2005-06 to 2011-12.
Results of FOP
Based on the above assumptions, the FOP is worked out for three cases, in order to assess the investment sustaining capacity of MCJ. BASE CASE The FOP for the base case is worked out without considering the identified CIP investment. The closing balance of MCJ by the terminal year of the FOP, i.e. 2011-12 would be Rs. 18297.62 Lakh. This could be considered as an indicative investment sustenance level of MCJ, not withstanding additional recurring expenditure that would arise due this investment. FULL INVESTMENT SCENARIO In the full investment scenario, the entire estimated investment of the CIP is loaded on the FOP as capital expenditure, as per the investment phasing presented in Error! Reference source not found., and the additional recurring and debt servicing expenditure are considered under revenue expenditure. The closing balance of MCJ by the terminal year of the FOP in the full investment scenario would be minus Rs. 181894.21 Lakh, indicating that MCJ would need to generate revenue to the tune of this amount in order to be able to sustain the identified investment of Rs. 194922.00 Lakh (at current prices). It needs mention that based on the assumptions adopted, the water account would continue to be a surplus one, while cost recovery in the sewerage account works out to less than 30 per cent. MCJ would have to undertake significant reforms in taxation, aimed at full cost-recovery and improve its tax and charges collection efficiency in order to be able to sustain the full identified investment. SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT SCENARIO The sustainable investment, given the assumptions adopted in forecasting municipal income and expenditure and considering a 50 per cent capital grant from Central Govt and 20 per cent share of Govt of Madhya Paradesh. 37 per cent of the identified investment at current prices with the above investment, MCJ would still have a closing balance of Rs. 728 Lakh in 2011-12. Error! Reference source not found. presents the indicative sector-wise investment sustenance of MCJ. It may be noted that the water account remains positive throughout the forecast period in the absence of investment in water supply, the investment sustenance would reduce further. TABLE 0-4: INDICATIVE INVESTMENT SUSTAINABLE BY MCJ
Sl. Sector Investment in Rs. Lakh at Current Prices Identified Sustainable Sustainable as % of Identified Investment
_____________________________________________________________________ 166
1 2 3 4
Water Supply Sewerage & Sanitation Solid Waste Management Road Upgradation and new Construction 6 Storm Water Drains 9 Other Total
11141 22750 719 54,268.91 14,230.00 87,638.09
11141 6825 719 2550.63 426 347.63
100 30 100 47 30 --
Source: Jabalpur Municipal Corporation and Financial analysis
_____________________________________________________________________ 167
CASH FLOW STATEMENT OF JABALPUR MUNICIPAL CORPORATION PROJECTED CASH FLOW STATEMENT OF MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF JABALPUR FOR 7 YEAR SHOWING EXCESS CASH GENERATED 20052006 3289 1700 20062007 4111 2500 6000 20072008 5139 2500 6000 20082009 6424 2500 3000 20092010 8030 2500 20102011 10037 2500 20112012 12547 2500
TOTAL INCOME Muncipal Kar Vikash Kar etc Loan Loan from financial instution Sale of Commercial Property/Land Sampati sae income Government Grant Misc.Income Total TOTAL EXPENSES Saman prasashan & sthapana Fire Brigade Light etc Public Health Water Mkt.Garden Public Karmshalal Public etc. Misc. & Planned Exp. Total FUNDS AVALIABLE WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATION
Total 49577 16700 15000
0 723 9463 318 15493 4226 547 628 6 1285 7808 14500 993
600 875 10409 350 24845 4437 574 659 6 1349 9784 16811 8035
1400 1059 11450 385 27933 4659 603 692 7 1417 10015 17393 10540
2400 1281 12595 423 28623 4892 633 727 7 1488 11145 18892 9731
3000 1550 13855 466 29400 5137 665 763 7 1562 12508 20642 8758
4000 1875 15240 512 34165 5394 698 802 8 1640 15089 23630 10535
4200 2269 16764 563 38843 5663 733 842 8 1722 16987 25955 12888
15600 9631 89777 3017 199302 34408 4454 5113 49 10462 83336 137822 61480
_____________________________________________________________________ 168
JNNURM PROJECT JABALPUR INVESTING PHASING FOR CAPITAL INVESTMENT

Sl.
1
(in %AGE)
Sector
Traffic & Transportation New Road Formation Road Up-gradation Bridge over Narbada Development of Subway New Bus Terminus Upgradation of Existing Bus Terminus Development of New Transport Nagar Development of Multi level Parking. City level Infrastructure Development Development of new sports Complex Improvement of pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla Stadium / Ranital Environmental Upgradation of Hills / city garden Development of Senic Spots/ Colony Gardens Water Front Development (Gwarighat & Tilwaraghat) Restoration of Old Monument & Heritage Structures. Conservation and upgadation of Natural Water Bodies Construction of Auditorium / Cultural Centre Development of Mela / Exibition nGround. Construction of Working Women Hostel and Old age Home. Development of Cremation Ground. Development of Vanya Prani Vihar City Basic Services Water Supply Sewerage & Sanitation Solid Waste Management Strom Water Drainage Storm Water Primary Drains
Estimated Investment
24291.00 41319.00 2000.00 250.00 1500.00 400.00 550.00 594.00
200506
200607
5.00
200708
15.00 10.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 20.00 20.00
200809
15.00 15.00 30.00 70.00 50.00 20.00 20.00 40.00
200910
15.00 15.00 30.00
201011
20.00 25.00
2011-
Total
12
30.00 26.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
1.00
8.00 10.00 20.00 25.00
20.00 20.00
15.00 20.00 20.00
100.00 100.00 100.00
30.00
30.00
4500.00 1400.00 2300.00 1405.00 825.00 500.00 3150.00 1750.00 200.00 600.00 230.00 1200.00 10.00
10.00 30.00 20.00 20.00 10.00 10.00 20.00 20.00 10.00 20.00 20.00 30.00
20.00 50.00 20.00 20.00 30.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 30.00 20.00 30.00 20.00
20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 30.00 20.00 50.00 20.00
20.00
20.00
10.00
100.00 100.00
20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 30.00 20.00
20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 10.00 20.00 10.00 10.00
100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
20.00
100.00 100.00
20.00
100.00
15982.00 22750.00 1848.00 8450.00 8150.00
5.00 5.00
20.00 13.00 50.00 25.00
20.00 13.00 10.00 25.00 25.00
20.00 13.00 10.00 20.00 15.00
13.00 14.00 10.00 10.00 15.00
12.00 17.00 10.00 10.00 15.00
10.00 25.00 10.00 10.00 5.00
100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
5.00
20.00
Basic Services To Urban Poor
_____________________________________________________________________ 169
Slum Improvement and rehabbitation project (Housing) Integrated Infrastructure development & improvement Programme Civic Aminities, community hall, chlid care center.
38500.00 5778.00 2500.00 5.00
15.00 25.00
15.00 25.00 20.00
15.00 15.00 30.00
15.00 10.00 50.00
20.00 10.00
20.00 10.00
100.00 100.00 100.00
Grand Total Investment
192922.00
_____________________________________________________________________ 170

CDP Jabalpur English

Încărcat de

Informații document

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

CDP Jabalpur English

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

JABALPUR CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL URBAN RENEWAL MISSION

DEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL PROFILE

TRADE AND COMMERCE TOURISM

PHYSICAL PLANNING AND GROWTH MANAGEMENT

URBAN POOR AND THEIR ACCESSIBILITY TO BASIC SERVICES

URBAN ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT

DISASTER MANAGEMENT HERITAGE SITES CONCLUSION

ROAD TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

1.3 1.3.1 1.3.1 1.3.2

TURNING MOVEMENT ANALYSIS

FLY OVERS AND RAILWAY OVERBRIDGE

SERVICE RESERVOIRS AND WATER SUPPLY ZONES PROPSED MASTER PLAN

3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2

MEANS OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL HOUSEHOLD TOILETS PUBLIC TOILETS

110 110 111

NEED FOR THE PROJECT

PRESENT SEWERAGE SYSTEM

RATE OF SEWAGE GENERATION

PROPOSED MASTER PLAN SEWAGE SCHEME FOR THE CITY

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

STORM WATER DRAINAGE

THE SCOPE OF THE WORK ACTION PLAN

6.1 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.4 6.1.5

123 124 124 125 126 126

ADDRESSING THE ISSUE OF FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY COST RECOVERY

CREATING A RELIABLE DATABASE ON URBAN POVERTY IN CITY

6.5 6.5.1 6.5.2 6.5.3

128 129 129 129

ESTABLISHING APPROPRIATE INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR SERVICE DELIVERY TO THE POOR

6.6 6.6.1 6.6.2 6.7

130 130 130 130

7.1 7.2 7.3

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT DEVELOPMENT

PRESERVATION UP GRADATION- DEVELOPMENT OF WATER BODIES AND WATER FRONT DEVELOPMENT

WATER FRONT DEVELOPMENT ACTION PLAN

9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5

135 135 135 136

SECTION V: REFORMS AND CAPACITY PLANNING 1.

CAPACITY BUILDING & REFORMS

SECTION VI: INVESTMENT PLAN AND FINANCING STRATEGIES

1.6 1.7 1.8

CAPITAL EXPENDITURE KEY FINANCIAL INDICATORS KEY ISSUES AND CONCLUSION

150 150 151

JABALPUR CITY INVESTMENT PLAN

SECTION IV: ACTION PLAN

1.2 1.3 2.1 3.1 3.2

SECTION V: REFORMS AND CAPACITY PLANNING

SECTION VI: INVESTMENT PLAN AND FINANCING STRATEGIES

KEY ISSUES/ACTION PLAN

LINKAGES AND CONNECTIVITY

PHYSIOGRAPHY AND LANDFORM

TABLE 1.1: GEOLOGICAL & SOIL FORMATIONS

Top Soil Sandy Coarse

Local Name Sehara

Sandy silt Silty clay Silt & sandy clay

Barra Kaban Mund Domata ----

1.4.4 CLIMATE AND RAINFALL

Rainfall in 1473.9 mm. Source: Meteorological Department, Jabalpur

MCJ AREA AND PLANNING AREA

2. DEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL PROFILE

POPULATION GROWTH TREND

10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 0.00

TABLE 2.1: POPULATION TRENDS IN MCJ

TABLE 2.2: POPULATION PROJECTIONS