2010 International Conference on Intelligent System Design and Engineering Application

Application of DSP-based Software Radio Digital Modem Technology

Mao Xiaoyan, Wu Zongfu, Liyue
College of Communication and Electric Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China Mxyss2006@163.com
AbstractIn order to realize the flexibility, openness and scalability of the modem technology, the modulation and demodulation system based on DSP software radio digital technology is researched in this paper. This system realizes the modulation and demodulation algorithm of FSK, QPSK, and QAM etc. on the radio software platform which takes TMS320C6711 as the core. And The selection of the modulation and demodulation modes and the display of measured data can be real-time operated by using the virtual platform. The performance of this system is observed and analyzed by taking QPSK as a example. Keywords-Modulation and Demodulation; TMS320C6711; DSPSoftware Radio

Mao Xiaoyan
College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China Mxyss2006@163.com greatly increased by changing the input data. The real-time communication between the host and the peripheral hardware is realized by DSP and the host interface (HPI). The control display platform of virtual instrument (VI) is designed using the software to realize the control and display of the hardware processing. Users can input data and choose the different demodulation mode through friendly GUI, and inject the data into PCS through the data communication interface so as to realize the data analysis and processing and the graphics on the platform of ex virtual instrument.

Software radio takes the simplest hardware with the openness, standardization, modular as the platform, and it is a wireless communication system high flexibility and openness, which is realized by loading various application software. Digital signal processing(DSP) is the key technology to realize the software radio hardware platform. DSP can only realize the the digital signal processing, so the modulation and demodulation technology has become the core of software radio technology and the software-based modulation and demodulation technology is the key step to realize the openness and the generality of the software radio. I.
SYSTEM STRUCTURE

FIG. 1 SYSTEM STRUCTURE DIAGRAM

II.

TMS320C6711

The system structure is shown in fig. 1. This system is developed taking the TMS320C6117 board as the hardware platform, development on board are TMS320C6711 chip and basic peripheral hardware, and realize the external signal acquisition and output through the extension data transceiver and DSP peripheral hardware. The amplifier is used to amplified the useful signal. Due to the use of DSP chip, the obtained analog signals must be converted into digital signals using the A/D circuit. After the processing of digital signals are finished, the digital signals are converted into analog signals by D/A transformation circuit and output. DSP program is dynamically loaded by the Flash memory storage and the PCI bus. Thus, the flexibility of the system is
978-0-7695-4212-6/10 $26.00 2010 IEEE DOI 10.1109/ISDEA.2010.107 339

Along with the rapid development of DSP technology, the speed ratio of DSP is constantly improved, and has been widely applied to control, communications, image processing, etc. TI series products from TI company are widely used. In this paper, the floating-point TMS320C6711 series is adopted because the software radio digitalize the whole work band(25MHz) (around), the intermediate frequency and the baseband are processed by digital signals Therefore, digital signal processing technology is the main work of software radio. TMS320C6711 is a highperformance processor, it adopts the floating-point harvard structure. And the procedures and data bus are separated and the acquisition and the executing of instructions are operated in parallel. The chip integrates large capacity SRAM memory, provides multiple integration peripherals and VLIW effective parallel instruction sets. TMS320C6711 can realize the processing of some complex signals due to its incomparable superior features, and meet the high requirements of digital signal processor in the software radio technology. It is a good effect for the research of the software radio technology.

III.

MODULE DESIGN

A. Digital-to-analog (DA) module design The function of DA module is to convert the digital signals into the analog signals. In the process of digital modulation, digital signals from DSP are converted into analog signals by D/A module so as to provide analog signals for the demodulating part. In the module, AD5320 chips of the AD companies is adopted, which is compatible with the DSP interface standards by a 3 line serial interface, The benchmark of AD5320 comes from power input, thus provides the widest range of dynamic output. This device contains an electricity reset circuit, and guarantees the output of the D/A converter is 0V until a valid writing input signal is received. It is the single-chip12 voltage output D/A converter, and the modulated waveforms are output after being amplified by the high-precision output amplifier in the chip. B. Analog-to-digital (AD) module design AD7822 chip from the AD companies is adopted in AD module of this system. AD7822 chip is a 8-bit AD chip with 20 foot and its largest sampling rate is 2MSPS. This chip has the characteristics as follows. Single polarity input, 8BIT sampling resolution, parallel output. Automatic power-down mode after the transformation and the current consumption can reduce to 5uA below. The maximum conversion time is 420ns, SNR is 48dB, and INL and DNL is within 0.75 LSB. Because the analog signals cannot directly be sent into DSP, they must be convert into digital signals by the AD before being sent into DSP to process. AD7822 is connected to DSP in the parallel manner, the 8 parallel output port DB0-DB7 of AD7822 is connected with the low 8 bits D0-D7 of DSP data bus. The adjusted analog signals firstly are two-level amplified by two amplifier LM1458. After the amplified signals are input into AD7822 by the VIN feet digital signal, the AD transformation is executed. Then, the converted digital signals are in parallel sent into DSP where the signal demodulation tuning and the baseband processing are executed. C. Host communication interface design The host interface(HPI) is a equipment in a chip , which is configured on TMS320C6711DSP of TI company and undertake two-way data communications. It is an 8-bit parallel port which is used to communicate with the main equipment and the processor, also can be used as a generic input/output port by configuring general input/output control registers (GPIOCR) and general input/output status register (GPIOSR) to set the HPI-HD0 as general input/output pin. The baseband signal waveform after digital demodulation can be observed through the two output ports. IV. THE SOFTWARE DESIGN The software radio control display platform is to realize the software/hardware connection in a complete system.
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This system realizes the connection between the HPI and TMS320C6711DSP board by using DLL files. According to the design of demodulation algorithm, the system is designed based on the 6711DSK board hardware platform, and the corresponding DSP procedures are developed by using C language. A. software design of DSP interface Abbreviations and Acronyms The modulation and demodulation function of the system is realized by DSP software which uses, TMS320C6711 chip of TI company. In the design, DSP is connected with the outer circuits mainly through HPI, multi-channel buffer series ports (McBSP) and 8 bits of data bus. There are two McBSPs in TMS320C6711. McBSP0 is connected with AD5320 by SPI manner, the modulated signal is led into the DA by BDX0 feet to realize the analog-to-digital conversion. AD7822 is connected with DSP by the parallel manner. 8 bits of parallel data bus is sent into the DSP, and the carrier signal is realized by programming in DSP. Because sine and cosine wave with a frequency do not involve channel decoding, the modulated signal can be directly realized on DSP by invoking the demodulation function within the algorithm of demodulation. For example, the realization of QPSK are as follows. Four phase QPSK is use to characterized the four state information of quaternary code by taking four different values with /2 interval in (0,2 ). The QPSK general formula is:
S (t ) = g (t nTs ) cos wc t cos k g (t nTs ) sin wc t sin k
n n

= I (t ) cos wc t + Q (t ) sin wc t
1 where, k is the phase parameter which has four phase values. In the duration 2Ts, k has four different values as the change of input sequences. 0, /2, and 3/ 2 in /2 series, or/43/45/47/4 in / 4 series stands for two bits of digital signal 00011110 respectively. According to the above analysis, we can get the QPSK software modulation method. The common two methods include the phase selection and the orthogonal modulation. Here, the phase selection method is selected to finish the QPSK ,the realization diagram is shown in fig. 2. The sequence of input binary is firstly converted into the NRZ dual polarity code by the series-parallel transformation as shown in fig. 3. The output of the dual polarity NRZ yards is divided into I road component and Q road component. That is , the odd bit is the I road component and the even bit is the Q road component. The information rate of the two signals is enhanced to the twice rate of the original continuation rate, namely there is 2N sampling in the duration of each symbol. The pulse width is equal to the original dual polarity code. Then I road and Q road signals will respectively multiply with carrier wave, and QPSK signal is obtained, the signal waveform is shown in fig. 4.

CONCLUSION

FIG. 2 QPSK SOFTWARE MODULATION BLOCK

This system adopted the high performance DSP as the core of software radio hardware platform. By combining with the PC, the multiple Modulation and demodulation functions including FSK QAM QPSK etc. are completely realized by process the software of DSP. This fully embodies the flexibility, openness and scalability of the software radio design. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Second Research Study and Innovative Experiment Projects for College Students of Hunan Provincial of China.

FIG. 3 NRZ WAVEFORM

REFERENCES
[1] J. LI Dong, YU Neng - hai, SHEN Dao- yi. Coherent Demodulation Technologies of Software Radio QPSK Based on DSP. Computer Simulation,2007-2. M. Bernard Sklar. Digital Communications Fundamentals and Applications, Second Edition. Publishing house of electronics industry, 2002-8. J. ZHANG Hong , CUI Li-mei , HE Pei-yu , ZHAO Gang .A Sof tware Radio Modem Experiment Device Based on DSP Board.Journal of Sichuan University (Natural Science Edition),2006-8. TMS320C6000 Peripherals Reference Guide. [ EB].The United Stetes : Texas Instruments Incorporated , 2001.Elissa, Title of paper if known, unpublished. MS320C6000 CPU and Instruction Set Reference Guide[ EB]. The United States : Texas Instruments Incorporated , 2000.. J. GUAN Zong-an ZHONG Cong-jiu. DSP realization on/4DQPSK base-band modulation and demodulatio. Journal of Shenyang Institute of Aeronautical Engineering ,2004-8. J. ZHENG Lai-wen, ZHAO Zhi-qing. The DSP Technologies of Modulation and Demodulation in Software Radio. Journal of Tianzhong ,2004-10. Pantos GD, KanatasA G, Constantinou P. Performance Evaluation of OFDM Transmission over a Challenging Urban Propagation Environment. IEEE Trans on Broadcasting, 2003, 49(1) : 8795

[2] FIG. 4 QPSK WAVEFORM

[3]

B. OTHER MODULE DESIGN The timing and logic control signal of the system is not very complex, multi-channel controller of DSP slices mainly provides these functions of timing and logic control, address assignment and frequency etc.. FLASH module is the memory of periphery program. The testing program can be burn into FLASH, thereby the module can automatically load the program in FLASH memory in the software simulation environment from the system, this strengthens the flexibility of the experiment. QPSK software design flow chart is shown in Fig. 5.

[4]

[5] [6]

[7]

[8]

FIG. 5 QPSK PROGRAM FLOWCHART

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