Problem A Rio de Algebra Lineal

Algebra lineal
Lic. ALBERTO RODRIGUEZ M.

1

LGEBRA LINEAL

1.1 SISTEMA DE ECUACIONES
LINEALES

Resuelve los siguientes sistemas lineales por
el mtodo de eliminacin de Gauss

( ) 3 , 2 , 1
4 3 4 5
1 2 2 3
10 2 2
] 1
= + +
= + +
= +
z y x
z y x
z y x

( )
9 e
+
= +
= +
= +
a con
a a a
z y x
z y x
z y x
, 2 2 , 2
14 2 3 4
2 4 2
6 3 2
] 2

( ) 2 , 3 , 1
16 3 5
5 2 2 3
5 3 2
] 3
=
= +
= +
z y x
z y x
z y x

( ) 0 , 0 , 0
0 2 2 3
0 4 2
0
] 4
= + +
= +
= +
z y x
z y x
z y x

ninguna
z y x
z y x
z y x
1 4 4
2 3 2
5 2 3 2
] 5
= +
= +
= +

( )
2 3 2 2
6] 2 5 8 6 5
3 4 5 2 4
. 2 ,1 2 2 , ,
x y z w
x y z w
x y z w
sol a b a b a b
+ + =
+ + =
+ + =
+ +

( ) 1 , 1 , 2
0 6 4
4 3 5 2
5 2 3
2 2
] 7
= + +
= +
=
= + +
z y x
z y x
z y x
z y x

( ) 1 , 0 , 2 , 3
1
4 2 3
0
5 2 3
] 8
=
=
=
=
t y
t z y x
t y x
z y x

|
.
|
\
|

= + + +
= + + +
= + + +
= + + +
5
2
,
5
3
,
5
2
,
5
3
0 2
1 2
0 2
1 2
] 9
w z y x
w z y x
w z y x
w z y x

10] , , ,
2 2 2 2
x y z w a
x y z w b
d a c d b c a b
x y z w c
x y z w d
+ + + =
+ + =
+ | |
|
+ =
\ .
=

( ) 1 , 1 , 1 , 1
0
1 2 4
1 2
3 2 4 5
] 11
= + + +
= + +
= + +
= + +
t z y x
z y x
t z y x
t z x

( ) 10 , 2 , 4
4
8 2 2 4
2 2 3
] 12
= +
= + +
= + +
z y x
z y x
z y x

( ) 2 , 1 , 2
8 5 4 3
15 4 3 2
12 6 4 2
] 13
= + +
=
= + +
z y x
z y x
z y x

( ) , ,
1 3 2
4 2
1 2
4 4
] 14
= +
= +
= +
= +
z y x
z x
z y x
y x

( ) , ,
40 7 14 9
9 2 4 5
11 2 3
9 4 2
] 15
= +
= +
= +
= +
z y x
z y x
z y x
z y x

( ) , 2 , 1 , 0
3 2
5 6 7 2
7 4
1 2 3
] 16
= +
= + +
= +
= + +
z y
z y x
z y
z y x

( ) 0 , 3 , 2 , 1
44 13 5 17 5
3 8 4 8
44 14 2 2
10 3 4
] 17
= + +
= + +
= +
= + +
w z y x
w z y x
z y x
w z y x

Algebra lineal
2

( ) c c c c
w z y x
w z y x
w z y x
w z y x
, 5 1 , 21 2 , 53 6
3 3 7
8 4 20 3 3
2 28 6 10 4
1 4 3 2
] 18
+
= +
= +
= +
= +

1.1.1 SISTEMA DE ECUACIONES
LINEALES POR GAUSS JORDAN

Ejercicios: Resuelve los siguientes sistemas de
ecuaciones lineales por el mtodo de Gauss-Jordan.

1.
( ) , ,
4 4
0 2
9 3 2
3 2 1
3 2 1
3 2 1
= +
= +
= +
x x x
x x x
x x x

2.
( ) , , ,
2 4 3
1 3
0 3 2
4 3 2 1
4 2 1
4 3 2 1
= +
= +
= + +
x x x x
x x x
x x x x

3.
( ) , , ,
2 8 4 3
3 2 6 2
0 4 2 3
= +
= +
= + +
w z y x
w z y x
w z y x

4.
( ) , , ,
2
1
0
1 2
= + +
= +
= +
= + + +
z x w
y x
z y x w
z y x w

5.
( ) , ,
20 5 10 15
8 2 4 6
4 2 3
= +
= +
= +
z y x
z y x
z y x

6.
( ) , , ,
58 14 36 4 9
10 2 4
46 8 12 2 3
6 3 12 3 3
= + +
= + +
= + + +
= + +
w z y x
w z x
w z y x
w z y x

7.
( ) , , ,
6 8 7 2
6 10 7 3 3
0 2 4 2
1 3 2
= + + +
= + +
=
= + + +
w z y x
w z y x
w z y x
w z y x

8.
( ) , , ,
44 13 5 17 5
3 8 4 8
44 14 2 2
10 3 4
= + +
= + +
= +
= + +
w z y x
w z y x
z y x
w z y x

9.
( ) , , ,
3 3 7
8 4 20 3 3
2 28 6 10 4
1 4 3 2
= +
= +
= +
= +
w z y x
w z y x
w z y x
w z y x

10. ( ) , ,
5 25 15 40
3 15 9 24
1 5 3 8
3 2 1
3 2 1
3 2 1
=
= + +
=
x x x
x x x
x x x

1.2 OPERACIONES DE MATRICES

1] Si
(
=
4 3
2 1
A y
(
=
1 1
0 1
B resuelva la
ecuacin para X.

| |
| ( ) | ( ) ( )
2 3 0 2
2 2 3 2 3
a X A B b X A B
c A B X d A B X X A
+ = =
+ = + =

2] Sean;

(
(
(
=
0 1 1
1 1 1
1 2 1
A

(
(
(
=
1 2 1
1 1 1
0 1 1
B

(
(
(
=
1 1 2
1 1 1
1 2 1
C

(
(
(

=
1 1 2
3 1 3
1 2 1
A

Encuentre una matriz E que satisfgala ecuacin dada.

| | |
| | |

a EA B b EC A c EA C
d EB A e EC D f ED C
= = =
= = =

3] Si
(
(
(

=
0 1 2
1 2 3
1 1 1
A
y
(
(
(
=
3 2 1
6 4 2
3 2 1
B

Demostrar AB = BA

Algebra lineal
3

4] Dadas las matrices:

(
(
(
=
1 3 4
3 1 2
2 3 1
A

(
(
(
=
2 1 2 1
1 1 1 2
0 1 4 1
B

(
(
(

=
0 1 5 2
1 1 2 3
2 1 1 2
C
Demostrar que:
AB = AC pero B = C.

5] Dadas las matrices:

(
(
(

=
2 1 3
5 4 1
5 3 2
A

(
(
(
=
5 3 1
5 3 1
5 3 1
B

(
(
(

=
3 2 1
4 3 1
4 2 2
C
Demostrar:

| | ( )( )
| ( ) | |
2 2
2
2 2
0

a AB BA b A B A B A B
c A B A B d AC A e AC A
= = = +
= + = =

6] Sean
(

=
4 3
2 1
A ,
(
=
2 5
1 0
B y
(

=
4 6
2 8
C determine la matriz X que
satisfaga las siguientes ecuaciones:

| |
|
1 3
2 3 2
2 2
2 0
a X B A C b A X B C
c X B C
+ = + = +
+ + =

7] SI.
(

=
2 1
1 1
A

(

=
2 1
1 0
B

(

=
1 1
2 1
C

encontrar;

| | | |
| |
12 7 10 13
16 11
1
5 2
2
2 3
a A b C c B d A
e A f C

8] Efectu los siguientes productos de matrices
utilizando subdivisin en bloques;

a) si;

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
6 0 0 0 0 0
0 5 0 0 0 0
0 0 4 0 0 0
0 0 0 3 0 0
0 0 0 0 2 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
A
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
3 0 0 0 0 0
0 2 0 0 0 0
0 0 3 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
B

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
18 0 0 0 0 0
0 10 0 0 0 0
0 0 12 0 0 0
0 0 0 3 0 0
0 0 0 0 2 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
AB

b) si ;

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0 0 0
0 1 2 1 0 0
0 2 1 3 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 2
0 0 0 0 1 1
A

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
1 4 5 6 7 8
4 5 6 7 8 9
9 8 7 6 5 4
8 7 6 5 4 3
7 6 5 4 3 2
6 5 4 3 2 1
B

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
1 4 5 9 7 8
13 13 13 13 13 13
30 28 26 24 22 20
41 39 37 35 33 31
19 16 13 10 7 4
13 11 9 7 5 3
AB

c) si ;
(
(
(
(
=
0 1 0 1
1 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
1 0 1 0
A

(
(
(
(
=
1 1 0
1 1 2
1 1
0 1
b
a
B

(
(
(
(
+

=
a
b
a
b
AB
1 1 3
1 0 1
1 1 1
1 2 1

Algebra lineal
4

d) si;
(
(
(
(
=
0 1 0 1
1 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
1 0 1 0
A

(
(
(
(
=
1 1 0
1 1 2
1 1
0 1
b
a
B

(
(
(
(
+

=
a
b
a
b
AB
1 1 3
1 0 1
1 1 1
1 2 1

e) Si;
(
(
(
(

=
0 0 1 1 2
1 1 0 0 1
1 2 1 1 1
2 1 0 0 1
A

(
(
(
(
(
(

=
1 3 0 1
1 0 1 2
0 1 0 0
0 1 2 1
2 1 0 0
B

f) si;

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
7 5 3 1 2
6 4 2 1 3
6 2 3 1 5
4 1 2 3 2
4 1 3 2 1
2 4 3 1 2
A
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
1 6 4 2 3
7 5 3 1 2
3 2 4 5 1
1 2 3 1 2
1 4 3 2 1
B

g) Efectu el producto BA de las matrices
anteriores.

Ejercicios:
1] Si
(

=
1 2 3
1 1 2
A

(
(
(
=
1 2
2 3
2 1
B

(
(
(

=
2 3 1
3 1 2
3 1 2
C

(

=
5 3
1 2
D

(
(
(

=
2 3 2
1 1 1
3 1 1
E

(
=
3 2
0 1
F

De ser posible encuentre lo siguiente;

| ( ) | | | ( )
| ( ) | ( ) | ( )
t
t
B 3
5 3 2
t t t
t
t t
a AB b BB c A d E A
e C E B f A D F g B A C + +

2] Si A es una matriz de orden n x n, muestre que;
a) simtrica es A A
t
+
b) ca atisimtri es A A
t

3] Sean A y B dos matrices simtricas demuestre que:
a) simtrica es B A+
b) simtrica es AB si slo si BA AB =

4] Si
(
(
(
=
c
b
a
A
2 0
1 1
2 1

(
(
(
=
1 0 1
0 2 2
2 1 1
B

(
(
(
=
0 2 0
2 1 1
1 0 1
C
encuentre;

a) Una matriz simtrica con la matriz A
b) Una matriz simtrica con la matriz BC
c) Una matriz simtrica con la matriz B A+
d) Una matriz simtrica con la matriz
t
C A+

1.3 MATRIZ INVERSA

Ejercicios: Encuentra la matriz inversa de la matriz
dada, utilizando sistemas de ecuaciones;

1]
(
=
(

=

2 1
3 3
9
1
3 1
3 2
1
A A
2]
(

=
(
=

2 3
7 1
23
1
1 3
7 2
1
A A
3]
(
=
(
=

2 0
1 4
8
1
4 0
1 2
1
B B
4]
(
=
(
=

3 2
4 5
7
1
5 2
4 3
1
B B
5]
(
(
(

=
(
(
(

=

5 6 8
6 7 10
3 4 5
5 2 4
0 1 2
3 2 1
1
A A

Algebra lineal
5
6]
(
(
(

=
(
(
(
=

4 1 10
2 1 5
3 1 8
3 2 5
1 2 0
1 1 2
1
B B

7]
(
(
(

=
(
(
(
=

1 2 1
3 2 1
2 4 2
4
1
0 2 1
1 1 1
2 0 1
1
A A

8]
(
(
(

=
(
(
(

=

5 9 3
3 3 1
1 1 1
4
1
1 3 0
1 2 1
0 1 3
1
A A

9]
(
(
(

=
(
(
(
=

6
1
6
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
8
1
8
1
4
1
1
3 0 4
1 2 4
2 1 0
A A
10]
(
(
(

=
(
(
(
=

13
3
3
1
3
4
26
1
26
9
26
3
26
9
26
3
26
1
1
0 1 3
1 3 1
3 0 2
B B

1.3.1 MATRIZ INVERSA POR
GAUSS JORDAN

Ejercicios: Utilizando el mtodo de Gauss-Jordan
encuentra la inversa de la matriz.

1]
(
(
(

=
(
(
(
=

1 2 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 0 1
0 1 1
1
B B
2]
(
(
(

=
(
(
(
=

4 5 3
1 1 0
4 5 2
2 5 3
2 4 3
1 0 1
1
A A

3]
(
(
(

=
(
(
(
=

0 1 2
1 3 3
2 3 1
6 5 3
5 4 2
3 2 1
1
A A
4]
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
=

6 1 5
14 4 15
9 4 10
5
1
4 2 1
1 3 4
4 3 2
1
A A

5]
(
(
(
(

=
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 0
0 1 0 1
1 1 1 1
A
(
(
(
(
1 1 1 1
2 1 1 1
1 1 0 0
2 1 0 1
1
A

6]
(
(
(
(
=
3 3 3 2
3 2 2 2
3 2 1 1
2 2 1 0
A
(
(
(
(
2 3 2 2
3 5 4 3
2 4 4 3
2 3 3 3
1
A

7]
(
(
(
(

=
(
(
(
(
=

3 4 2 9
2 2 1 5
2 2 1 4
4 5 2 11
1 1 1 0
0 3 1 1
2 0 1 2
0 1 1 0
1
A A

8]
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
=

a a a
a a
a
B
a
a
a
B
1 1 1
0
1 1
0 0
1
1 0
0 1
0 0
2 3
2
1
9]
1
1 3 2
2 1 3
2 1 1
(
(
(
= A tiene no A

10]
1
0 0
0
0 0
(
(
(
= A tiene no
d
c b
a
A

11]
(
(
(

=
(
(
(
=

1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
2
1
1 1 0
1 0 1
0 1 1
1
A A

12]
1
2
0 2 0
2 0 2 2 0
2
4 2 2 0 0 2
2 2 8 0
2 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 3 1
0 0 3 1
A A
(
(
(
(
(
(
= =

(
(
(
(
(
(

(

13]
(
(
(
(
=
(
(
=

2
1
2
4
2
2
2
2
5
1
2 2 2
2
2
2
1
B B

14]
(
(
(

=
(
(
(
=

1 2
3 1 5
5 9
3 3 1
4 2 2
1 2 1
2
1
5
3
1
A A

Algebra lineal
6
15]
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
=

ad cb
abd
ad cb
abd
ad cb
cda
ad cb
acb
B
d c
b a
B
1
1 1
1 1

16]
1
2 3 0 2 3 3
1 2 1 1 2 2
2 0 1 4 6 7
A A
( (
( (
= =
( (
( (

17]
(
(
(
(
(

=
(
(
(
(
=

d d
c
d
b
d
a
A
d c b a
A
1
0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1
1

18]
( )
(

+
=
(
=

1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
a
a
a
A
a
a
A

19]
4 1 1
3 3 3
1 1 1
3 3 3
1
5 4 2
3 3 3
1 2 2
3 3 3
0 2 0 1 0 2 1
1 1 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 1 2 0 0
0 1 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 0
A A
( (
( (

( (
( ( =
( (

( (
( (

20]
1
3
2
6
5
5
3
4
3
(
(
(
= A tiene no A

21]
(
+
=
(

=

a b
b a
b a
A
a b
b a
A
2 2
1
1

22]
1
1 1 1 1 2 16 6 4
1 2 3 4 22 41 30 1
1
2 3 5 5 10 44 30 2 18
3 4 5 8 4 13 6 1
A A
( (
( (

( (
= =
( (
( (

23]
1
3 4 2 7 1 11 7 26
2 3 3 2 1 7 3 16
1
5 7 3 9 1 1 1 0 2
2 3 2 3 1 1 1 2
A A
( (
( (

( (
= =
( (
( (

24]
(
(
(
=
(
(
(

=

3 5 1
1 3 5
5 1 3
14
1
1 1 2
2 1 1
1 2 1
1
A A

25]
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
=

6 1 5
14 4 15
9 4 10
5
1
4 2 1
1 3 4
4 3 2
1
A A

26]
(
(
(

=
(
(
(
=

0 1 2
1 3 3
2 3 1
6 5 3
5 4 2
3 2 1
1
A A

27]
(
(
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
(
=

3
1
6
1
2
1
3
1
3
2
1
0 0 0
0 0
0 0 0
0 0 1
3 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
0 0 3 0
0 0 2 1
A A

28]
1
1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1
2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
1
1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 2
2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
A A
( (
( (

( (
= =
( (
( (

29]
(
(
(
(

=
(
(
(
(
=

2 3 2 2
3 5 4 3
2 4 4 3
2 3 3 3
3 3 3 2
3 2 2 2
3 2 1 1
2 2 1 0
1
A A

1.4 DETERMINANTES

Ejercicios: Calcular El Determinante De Cada Matriz.
1]
11
1 6 0
1 5 2
4 2 3
=
(
(
(

= A A

2]
131
2 0 3 4
2 1 1 3
0 2 0 1
3 2 2 1
=
(
(
(
(

= A A

3]
55
1 1 2 2
3 4 1 1
2 1 0 3
2 3 1 2
=
(
(
(
(

= A A

Hallar el valor de t si el determinante de 0 = A
4]
2 , 4 , 3
4 0 0
2 1 1
3 4 2
=
(
(
(
= t
t
t
t
A

5]
2 , 4
4 6 6
3 5 3
3 3 1
=
(
(
(

+

= t
t
t
t
A

6]
2 , 4
2 6 6
1 5 7
1 1 3
=
(
(
(

= t
t
t
t
A

Algebra lineal
7

7]
118
2 2 2 2 3
5 2 3 4 1
1 1 2 1 1
2 3 1 1 2
2 2 3 2 1
=

8]
2
1 1 2 2 1
2 1 1 0 0
0 0 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 0
1 2 1 2 1
=

9]
304
6 5 4 3
5 4 3 2
3 4 1 2
4 3 2 1
=

10]
xyz
z x y y
x z y x
z z y x
4 =
+
+
+

11]
3 3 3
3 c b a abc
c b a
a c c b b a
b a a c a b
=
+ + +

12]
0
1 1 1 1
3 8 7 5
1 0 1 3
2 4 3 1
=

13] 1
cos
cos
=
u u
u u
sen
sen

14]
36
0 0 1 0 1
3 0 1 1 0
3 1 2 1 0
0 1 1 1 1
3 1 1 0 2
=

15]
13
2 1 2 0 1
2 1 1 0 1
2 2 1 2 3
1 1 2 1 0
3 0 2 0 1
=

16]
40
0 2 1 0 1
1 4 2 3 2
1 0 2 1 0
2 1 0 1 2
5 5 4 3 1
=

17]
14
1 3 2 1
0 0 1 0
3 1 2 1
0 1 1 2
=

18]
0
5 5 6 5 23 4
0 9 8 9 2 1
8 11 10 4 2 8
4 3 9 8 4 5
0 9 8 9 2 1
5 6 7 2 6 2
=

19]
120
0 1 1 0 2 1
1 3 1 1 2 1
0 0 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 1 2
2 1 2 1 0 1
1 1 0 1 1 2
=

20]
bca
a c
a b
b c
2
0
0
0
=

21]
abc
b a c c
b a c b
a a c b
4 =
+
+
+

22]
3 3
2 2 b a
b a b a
a b a b
b a b a
=
+
+
+

23]
5
5 2 1 4
1 1 1 1
4 2 1 4
3 2 1 3
=

Algebra lineal
8
24]
80
2 4 6 9 3
0 4 3 45 6
0 0 5 34 4
0 0 0 1 23
0 0 0 0 2
=

25]
36
1 1 2 2 1
1 1 2 1 2
2 0 1 1 0
1 1 1 2 0
2 1 0 1 2
=

26]
0
6 0 6 4 0
5 0 0 6 9
4 0 9 7 3
3 0 8 6 2
2 0 2 5 3
=

27]
7
3 0 1 2 1
2 1 1 1 0
1 0 2 2 1
0 2 1 1 2
1 0 1 1 0
=

28]
23
2 0 0 0 3
1 1 0 2 1
0 3 1 3 0
2 2 1 0 1
1 1 2 1 2
=

29]
144
0 3 1 0 1
1 0 3 0 2
2 1 1 0 1
1 0 3 1 0
0 1 0 2 3
=

30]
cb ab c ac
b a c
b a b
c b a
+ + =
+
+
+
2
1
1
1

31] 0 =
+ + +
+ + +
y c y b y a
x c x b x a
c b a

Use reduccin por operacin de filas para demostrar las
siguientes identidades.

32]
( )( )( ) a c b c a b
c b a
c b a =
2 2 2
1 1 1

33]
( )( )( ) 1 1
1
1
1
3 3
2 2
= b a a b ab
b a
b a
b a

34]
( )( )( )( ) c b a a c b c a b
c b a
c b a + + =
3 3 3
1 1 1

35]
( )( )( )( ) 1 1 1
1
1
1
4 4
2 2
+ + = b a b a a b ab
b a
b a
b a

1.4.1 Utilizando el mtodo del adjunto,
encontrar la inversa de las siguientes matrices.
36]
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
(
(
(

=

2
3
2
1
1
3
1
1
0
3
1
0
1 1 1
0 0 3
1 2 0
1
A A

37]
(
(
(

=
(
(
(
=

5 7 1
1 5 1
5 1 1
6
1
1 1 2
1 0 1
4 5 3
1
A A

38]
(
(
(
(
(
(

=
(
(
(
=

2
1
2
3
6
1
0 1
3
1
0 0
3
1
2 3 2
0 1 1
0 0 3
1
A A

39]
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
=

6 3 2
5 0 0
7 3 1
5
1
0 1 0
1 2 2
3 1 1
1
A A

40]
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
=

6 3 4
3 2 2
8 3 5
0 1 0
1 2 0
7 6 3
1
A A

41]
(
(
(

=
(
(
(
=

0 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 0
1 1 0
1 1 1
0 1 1
1
A A

Algebra lineal
9
42]
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
=

1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
2
1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
1
A A

1.4.2 Utiliza la regla de Cramer para
resolver los siguientes sistemas de
ecuaciones.

43]
1
1
1
= +
= +
= + +
z y x
z y x
z y x

44]
1 4 5
2 2 4
3 2 3 3
= + +
= +
=
z y x
z y x
z y x

45]
1
1
2
0
= + +
= + +
= + +
=
w z y x
w z y x
w z y x
w z y x

46]
5 3 2
0 2
2 6 4 2
= +
= +
= + +
z y x
z x
z y x

47]
4
5 2 2
4 3 2
4 2
= +
= + +
= + +
= + +
w y x
w z y x
w z y
w z y x

48]
4 2
6 2 2 3
6 2
= + +
= +
= + +
z y x
z y x
z y x

49]
0 4 2
0 4 2
2 7 3 2
= + +
=
= + +
z y x
z x
z y x

2.1 ESPACIOS VECTORIALES

1] Cules de los siguientes subconjuntos de
3
9 son
subespacios de
3
9 ?

a) ( ). 2 , , b a no
b) ( ) b a c donde c b a + = , , si
c) ( ) 0 , , = = a c donde c b a
d) ( ) c a donde c b a = , ,
e) ( ) 1 2 , , + = a b donde c b a
f) ( ) b a donde c b a 2 , , = si
g) ( ) c b a donde c b a s s , , no
h) ( ) 0 , , = ab donde c b a no
i) ( ) c b a donde c b a = = , , si
j) ( )
2
, , b a donde c b a = no

2] Cules de los siguientes subconjuntos de
4
9 son
subespacios de
4
9 ?

a) ( ) 2 , , , = b a donde d c b a no
b) ( ) a c donde d c b a = , , , +2b
y b a d 3 = si
c) ( ) 0 , , , = a donde d c b a
y d b =
d) ( ) 0 , , , = = b a donde d c b a

3] Cules de los siguientes subconjuntos de los
polinomios de segundo grado P
2
son subespacios ?
a) 0 ,
0 0 1
2
2
= + + a donde a t a t a si
b) 2 ,
0 0 1
2
2
= + + a donde a t a t a no
c)
0 1 2 0 1
2
2
, a a a donde a t a t a = + + + si

4] En los siguientes ejercicios determine si el
subconjunto dado de las matrices 2 x 2 M
22
, es un
subespacio de M
22
.

a) El conjunto de matrices de la forma
(

0
0
a
a

b) El conjunto de matrices de la forma
(

a b
b a

c) Todas las matrices
(
d c
b a

tales que a + d = 0
d) El conjunto de matrices
(
d c
b a

tal que ad = 0

Algebra lineal
10
5] Sea ( ) { }
3
0 , , 9 e + = y x y x A Mostrar
que A es un subespacio.
6] Sea ( ) { } 9 e + = x x x x s / 1 , 2 , Mostrar
que A no es un subespacio.
7] Sea ( ) { } 9 e = z y x z y x s , , / 3 , 2 ,
Mostrar si es subespacio de
3
9 .
8] Cul de los siguientes conjuntos son
subespacios de
3
9 ?

a) ( ) { } Q z y x z y x s e = , , / , ,
b) ( ) { } 9 e = z x z x s , / , 0 ,
c) ( ) { } 9 e = y x y x s , / 2 , ,
d) ( ) { } 9 e + + + = z y x z y x z x y x s , , / 2 , 3 , 2

2.2 COMBINACIN LINEAL

Ejercicios:

1] Escribir el vector ( ) 5 , 2 , 1 = v
3
9 e como
una combinacin lineal de los vectores;
( ) 1 , 1 , 1
1
= u , ( ) 3 , 2 , 1
2
= u , ( ) 1 , 1 , 2
1
= u

Res.
3 2 1
2 3 6 u u u v + + =

2] Escribir el vector ( ) 3 , 5 , 2 = v
3
9 e como
una combinacin lineal de los vectores;
( ) 2 , 3 , 1
1
= u , ( ) 1 , 4 , 2
2
= u , ( ) 7 , 5 , 1
1
= u

Res. V no puede escribirse como combinacin
lineal porque el sistema no tiene solucin

3] Para que valor de k el vector
( ) k u , 2 , 1 =
3
9 e . Ser combinacin lineal de
los vectores;
( ) 2 , 0 , 3 = v , ( ) 5 , 1 , 2 = w
Res. 8 = k

4] Mostrar que el plano xy ,
( ) { }
3
0 , , 9 e = b a w es generado por v u, si;
a) ( ) 0 , 2 , 1 = u y ( ) 0 , 1 , 0 = v
b) ( ) 0 , 1 , 2 = u y ( ) 0 , 3 , 1 = v

Res. a) v u, si generan a w
5] Consideremos los vectores;
( ) 2 , 3 , 1 = u , ( ) 1 , 1 , 2 = v
3
9 e
a) Escribir ( ) 4 , 7 , 1 = w como
combinacin lineal de v u,
b) Escribir ( ) 4 , 5 , 2 = w como combinacin
lineal de v u,
c) Para que valor de k es ( ) 5 , , 1 k k = una
combinacin lineal de v u,
Res. a) v u w 2 3 + = b) no c) 8

6] Escribir 5 8 3
2
+ = t t u como combinacin
lineal de; 4 3 2
2
+ = t t v y 3 2
2
= t t w
Res. w v u = 2

7] Escribir 1 6 4
2
= t t u como combinacin
lineal de; 4 3 2
2
+ = t t v y 3 2
2
= t t w

Res. Imposible

8] Escribir la matriz
(
=
2 1
1 3
E como una
combinacin lineal de las matrices;

(
=
1 0
1 1
A ,
(
=
0 1
1 1
B ,
(

=
0 0
1 1
C

Res. C B A E 2 2 + =
9] Escribir la matriz
(

=
2 1
1 2
E como una
combinacin lineal de las matrices;

(
=
1 0
1 1
A ,
(
=
0 1
1 1
B ,
(

=
0 0
1 1
C

Res. Imposible

10] Mostrar que ( ) 1 , 1 , 1 , ( ) 1 , 1 , 0 , ( ) 1 , 1 , 0
generan
3
9

11] Cules de los siguientes vectores generan

4
9 ?
a) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 0 , 0 , 1 , 0 , 1 , 0 , 0 , 1
b) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 0 , 1 , 2 , 1
c) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 , 2 , 1 , 2 , 1 , 1 , 0 , 0 , 1 , 1 , 2 , 1 , 0 , 0 , 1 , 1
Res. a) si b) no c) si

Algebra lineal
11
12] Determine cual de los siguientes conjuntos
dados generan P
2

a) { } t t t t t , 2 1 , 1
2 2
+ + + +
b) { }
2
2 , 1 , 1 t t t t + + + +
c) { }
2 2 2
1 , 1 , 1 t t t t t t + + + +
Res. a) no b) si c) si

13] Determine cual de los siguientes conjuntos
dados generan M
22

a)
)
`
5 0
5 0
,
0 4
0 4
,
3 0
3 0
,
1 1
1 1

b)
)
`
5 4
3 2
,
4 4
0 0
,
3 3
3 0
,
2 2
2 2

c)
)
`
1 1
0 3
,
0 0
1 2
,
0 1
1 1
,
0 0
0 1

Res. a) no b) c) si

2.3 BASES Y DIMENSIONES

1] Determina si los siguientes conjuntos de
vectores son linealmente independientes.

a) ( ) ( ) { } 2 , 1 , 3 , 1 , 2 , 1 li
b) ( ) ( ) ( ) { } 4 , 5 , 0 , 0 , 1 , 2 , 2 , 3 , 1 ld
c) ( ) ( ) ( ) { } 2 , 1 , 0 , 3 , 2 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 2 li
d) ( ) ( ) ( ) { } 1 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 1 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 1 li
e) ( ) ( ) ( ) { } 1 , 1 , 1 , 2 , 1 , 0 , 1 , 2 , 1 li
f) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) { } 1 , 0 , 1 , 0 , 0 , 1 , 3 , 1 , 2 , 1 , 0 , 1
g) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) { } 5 , 4 , 2 , 1 , 1 , 3 , 6 , 0 , 2 , 7 , 3 , 1
h) ( ) ( ) ( ) { } 5 , 1 , 2 , 2 , 3 , 1 , 3 , 2 , 1 li
i) ( ) ( ) ( ) { } 23 , 4 , 9 , 2 , 7 , 5 , 8 , 3 , 4 , 1 , 3 , 1 ld
j) ( ) ( ) ( ) { } 4 , 1 , 6 , 3 , 3 , 0 , 1 , 2 , 1 , 4 , 2 , 1 li

2] Determinar si las siguientes matrices son
linealmente independientes o dependientes.

a)
(
=
(
=
(
=
0 0
1 1
,
1 0
0 1
,
1 1
1 1
C B A li

b)
(

=
(

=
(
=
0 4
5 1
,
2 2
1 3
,
1 3
2 1
C B A

c)
(
=
(
=
2 0 6
8 4 2
,
1 0 3
4 2 1
v u
ld

d)
(
=
(

=
3 2 1
4 5 6
,
4 5 6
3 2 1
v u li

e)
(
=
(
=
(
=
1 10 2
7 8 3
2 5 4
4 1 1
,
1 4 2
3 2 1
w
v u
ld

f)
(
=
(

=
(

=
3 2 1
2 1 4
5 0 2
3 1 1
,
4 2 3
1 1 2
w
v u
li

g)
(
=
(
=
2
1
0
1 2
,
1 0
2 4
v u ld

h)
(

=
(
=
0 1
1 0
,
1 0
0 1
v u li

3] Sea V el espacio vectorial de los
polinomios de grado 3 s sobre 9, determine
si los polinomios son linealmente independientes o
dependientes.

a)
5 3 2
1 4 2
3 2 4
2 3
2 3
2 3
+
+ +
+ +
t t t
t t t
t t t
li

b)
9 7 7 2
4 3 4
3 2 5
2 3
2 3
2 3
+
+
+
t t t
t t t
t t t
ld

c)
7 8 8 3
4 6
3 2 4
2 3
2 3
2 3
+ +
+ +
+ +
t t t
t t t
t t t
ld

Algebra lineal
12
d)
5 9 4 2
2 8
1 5 3
2 3
2 3
2 3
+ +
+ +
+ +
t t t
t t t
t t t
li

e)
8
4
1
2
1
16
2
1
2 3
2 3
+
+
t t
t t
ld

f)
3 4
4 3
3
3
+ +
+ +
t t
t t
li

4] Determine si cada conjunto de los siguientes
vectores forman una base de
3
9 .

a) ( ) ( ) ( ) { } 1 , 1 , 0 , 1 , 1 , 0 , 3 , 4 , 2 si
b) ( ) ( ) ( ) { } 11 , 3 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 1 , 4 , 3 , 1 no
c) ( ) ( ) { } , 1 , 3 , 0 , 1 , 2 , 1 no
d) ( ) ( ) ( ) { } 0 , 1 , 0 , 1 , 2 , 1 , 2 , 2 , 3

5] Exprese el vector ( ) 3 , 1 , 2 como una
combinacin lineal de los vectores en cada
subconjunto que sea una base de
3
9 .

a) ( ) ( ) ( ) { } 0 , 1 , 0 , 3 , 2 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1
c) ( ) ( ) ( ) { } 0 , 0 , 0 , 3 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 2 , 1
d) ( ) ( ) ( ) { } 1 , 4 , 3 , 0 , 2 , 2 , 2 , 1 , 1

6] Cules de los siguientes vectores son base
para
2
9 ?
a) ( ) ( ) { } , 1 , 1 , , 3 , 1
b) ( ) ( ) { } , 6 , 2 , , 3 , 1
c) ( ) ( ) ( ) { } 2 , 3 , 3 , 2 , , 2 , 1
d) ( ) ( ) { } , 1 , 3 , , 1 , 1

7] Hallar una base y la dimensin del subespacio
W de
4
9 generado por los vectores.
a) ( ) ( ) ( ) { } 5 , 1 , 2 , 0 , 1 , 3 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 1 , 4 , 1
b) ( ) ( ) ( ) { } 7 , 2 , 8 , 3 , 2 , 1 , 3 , 1 , 1 , 2 , 4 , 1
c) ( ) ( ) ( ) { } 1 , 0 , 0 , 1 , 1 , 2 , 1 , 3 , 2 , 0 , 1 , 1
d) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) { } 1 , 1 , 1 , 0 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 0 , 0 , 1 , 0 , 1 , 0 , 0 , 1
e) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) { } 1 , 2 , 1 , 2 , 0 , 0 , 1 , 1 , 2 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 0 , 0

8] Sea W el espacio generado por los polinomios.
Hallar una base y la dimensin de W.
a)
7 7 2
4 3
1 2 2
2 3
2 3
2 3
+
+ +
+ +
t t t
t t t
t t t
b)
1 2
4 6 8 6
1 3 2
2 3
2 3
2 3
+ + +
+ + +
+ +
t t t
t t t
t t t

c)
t t t
t
t t
+ +
+ +
2 3
3
2 3
1
1

9] Sea V el espacio de matrices 2 x 2 sobre 9.
Y sea W el subespacio generado por el siguiente
conjunto de matrices. Hallar una base y la dimensin
de W
a)
)
`
= ,
2 2
1 1
,
2 1
2 1
W

b)
)
`

= ,
3 3
3 3
,
1 1
1 1
W

c)
)
`
=
6 5
6 5
,
4 3
4 3
,
2 1
2 1
W

d)
)
`
=
1 1
1 1
,
0 1
1 0
,
1 0
0 1
W

e)
)
`
=
4 3
3 3
,
4 3
2 2
,
4 3
2 1
W

f)
)
`
=
6 5
6 5
,
4 3
4 3
,
2 1
2 1
W

2.3.1 Ejercicios: Determine una base y la
dimensin del espacio solucin del sistema
homogneo dado.

1
2
1] 2 4 3 0
2 2 2 0
2 4 2 3 4 0
3
( 2,1, 0, 0, 0), ( 1, 0, ,1, 0), ( 3, 0, 1, 0,1)
x y z r s
x y z r s
x y z r s
Dim
Base
+ + =
+ + + =
+ + + =
9 =
=

2] 2 2 3 0
2 3 0
3 6 8 5 0
3
( 2,1, 0, 0, 0), (5, 0, 2,1, 0), ( 7, 0, 2, 0,1)
x y z s t
x y z s t
x y z s t
Dim
Base
+ + + =
+ + + + =
+ + + + =
9 =
=

Algebra lineal
13
3] 3 2 0
5 0
3 5 8 0
1
(7, 1, 2)
4] 2 7 0
2 3 2 0
2 0
0
5] 2 2 2 0
2 3 2 0
2 4 7
3
(2, 1, 0, 0, 0), (4, 0,1, 1, 0), (3, 0,1, 0,1)
6] 2 3 4 0
2 4
x y z
x y z
x y z
Dim
Base
x y z
x y z
x y z
Dim
x y z s t
x y z s t
x y z s t
Dim
Base
x y z s t
x y
+ + =
+ + =
+ + =
9 =
=
+ =
+ =
+ =
9 =
+ + =
+ + =
+ + + =
9 =
=
+ + =
+ 2 5 0
2 4 2 4 2 0
2
(2, 1, 0, 0, 0), (1, 0,1, 0, 0)
z s t
x y z s t
Dim
Base
+ =
+ + =
9 =
=

3 4
8 3
7] 2 3 0
2 2 2 0
3 3 0
1
(1, , ,1)
8] 2 3 4 0
2 3 4 5 0
3 5 6 0
3 4 2 3 0
x y z t
x y z t
x z t
Dim
Base
x y z t w
x y z t w
x y z t w
x y z t w
Dim
Base
+ + =
+ + =
+ + =
9 =
=
+ + + =
+ + + + =
+ + + =
+ + + =
9 =
=

9] 2 2 0
2 2 2 0
2 4 3 3 3 0
0
2
( 2,1, 0, 0, 0), ( 3, 0,1,1, 0)
x y z t w
x y z t w
x y z t w
z t w
Dim
Base
+ + + + =
+ + + + =
+ + + + =
=
9 =
=

1
2
10] 2 2 0
2 2 2 0
2 6 2 4 0
4 3 0
2
( 2, , 0, 0, 0), ( 3, 0,1,1, 0)
x y z t w
y z t w
x y z t w
x y t
Dim
Base
+ + + =
+ =
+ + =
+ =
9 =
=

2.4 Deduzca el polinomio vector a partir de
la base dada y el vector coordenado.

{ } | |
{ } | |
| |
( ) ( ) ( ) { } | |
(
(
(
= =
(
=
)
`
=
(
= + + =
(
(
(
= + + + =
2
1
1
1 , 1 , 1 , 0 , 0 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 0 ] 4
3
0
Re
2
1

1
1
,
1
2
] 3
3 3 , 2 2 ] 2
2
3
4
2 1 , , 2 1 ] 1
2 2
B
B
B
B
v B
sp V B
b
a
P x x B
P x x x x B

{ } | |
{ } | |
(
(
(
= + + + =
= =
2
1
3
, 1 , 1 ] 6
3 4 Re
3
2
1 2 , ] 5
2 2
B
B
v t t t t B
t sp v t t B

| |
1 0 2 2 1 2 0 0
7] , , ,
1 0 0 1 1 3 2 3
2
1 1 0
Re
1 9 7
3
B
B
V sp
( ( ( (
=
`
( ( ( (
)
(
(
(
(
=
(
(

(

| |
0
1 2 1 3 1 0 0 1 1
8] , , ,
0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
2
B
B v
(
(
( ( ( (
(
= =
`
( ( ( (
(
)
(

Algebra lineal
14
2.4.1 Encuentre el vector coordenado de v
respecto a la base dada.

{ }
{ }
{ } ( ) ( )x b a b a P x x B
x x P
x x x x x B
x P x x B
3 7 5 , 2 1 ] 3
8 6 1
2 1 , 2 , 2 2 1 ] 2
17 4 1 , 2 1 ] 1
2
2 2
+ + = + =
+ =
+ + =
+ = + =

| |
| |
( ) ( ) ( ) { } ( )
{ }
| |
(
=
+ = + =
= =
(
=
(
=
)
`
=
(
=
1
2
Re
4 2 , 1 ] 6
2 , 1 , 2 2 , 0 , 1 , 0 , 1 , 0 , 0 , 1 , 1 ] 5
2
3
Re
2
3

1
0
,
0
1
4]
Re
B
B
B
P sp
t v t t B
v B
v sp
v B
b a
b a
P sp

{ }
| |

2 2
3 1

0 1
0 1
,
1 0
0 1
,
0 1
1 0
,
0 0
1 1
] 9
2
0
1
1
Re
2 1
0 1

1 0
0 0
,
0 0
1 0
,
0 1
0 0
,
0 0
0 1
] 8
3 2 4
1 , 1 , 1 ] 7
2
2 2
(
=
)
`

=
(
(
(
(
=
(
=
)
`
=
+ =
+ + + =
v
B
v sp v
B
t t v
t t t t B
B

( ) ( ) { }
( ) | |
( ) | | ( )
( ) | | ( )

3 , 0 Re 3 , 3 c)
2 , 1 Re 1 , 4 b)

3
4
,
3
5
Re 3 , 2 a)
donde. en de
coordenado vect or el hallar 1 , 1 , 1 , 2
de base la considerar ] 10
2
2
= =
= =
|
.
|
\
|
= =
9
=
9
B
B
B
v sp v
v sp v
v sp v
v
B

| | ( ) 2,-1,1 Re
5 5
5 1
a)
si
1 2
2 3
,
0 1
1 4
,
2 1
1 1

. coordenado vect or el
encont rar y base siguient e la considerar ] 11
=
(

=
)
`

=
B
A sp A
B

| | ( ) 2 , 1 , 3 Re
4 2
2 1
) =
(
=
B
A sp A b
( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( )
| | | |
| | ( ) | | ( ) 2 , 1 , 4 2 , 1 , 3 Re
, base, la a relat ivo
2 , 5 , 3 si coordenado vect or el Hallar
1 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 1 , 1 , 0 , 1 , 1
1 , 2 , 0 , 3 , 2 , 0 , 1 , 1 , 1
de bases siguient es las Considerar ] 12
2
= =
=
=
=
9
F B
F B
v v sp
v v
v
F
B

( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( ) | | ( )
( ) | | ( ) b a c b c v sp c b a v b
v sp v a
B
v
F
B
= =
= =
9 =
, , Re , , )
7 , 5 , 2 Re 2 , 3 , 4 )
de 0 , 0 , 1 , 0 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 base la a
realativo de coordenado vector el Hallar ] 13
3

| | ( )
B
14] Hallar el vector coordenadode la matriz
V relativa a la base
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0
, , , donde
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
2 3
Resp -7,11,-21,30
4 7
15] Hal
A
B
A A
e
( ( ( (
=
`
( ( ( (
)
(
= =
(

| | ( )
lar el vector coordenado de la matriz
4 11
relativo a la base
11 7
1 2 2 1 4 1
, ,
2 1 1 3 1 5
Resp A 4, 2,1
B
A
B
(
=
(

( ( (
=
`
( ( (

)
=

2.5 CAMBIO DE BASE

a) Encuentre los vectores coordenados de v, w
respecto a la base T.
b) Cul es la matriz de transicin
T S
P

? De la base
T en la base S.
c) Determine los vectores de coordenadas de v, w con
respecto a S utilizando
T S
P

.
d) Determine la matriz de transicin
S T
Q

de la base
S en la base T.

De los siguientes conjuntos de bases:

Algebra lineal
15
{ }
{ }
3
2
2 2
1 1 0 1 1 0
1] 0 , 0 , 1 1 , 2 , 1
1 0 2 0 1 0
Bases para sean:
1 1
3 8
8 2
2] 1, 2, 3
2 , 3,
Base
S T
v w
S t t t
T t t t t
( ( ( ( ( (

( ( ( ( ( (
= =
` `
( ( ( ( ( (

( ( ( ( ( (
) )
9
( (
( (
= =
( (
( (

= + +
= + +
{ }
{ }
2
2 2
2 2 2
2 2
2
2 2
s para sean:
8 4 6 7 9
3] 1, 2 3, 1
1, , 1
Base para sean:
4 5 2 6
P
v t t w t t
S t t t t t
T t t t
P
v t t w t
= + = +
= + + + + +
= + +
= + + =

(
=
(
=
)
`
=
)
`
=
1 2
2 1

1 1
1 1
: para Bases
0 0
0 1
,
1 0
0 0
,
0 1
0 0
,
0 0
1 1
1 1
0 0
,
1 0
2 0
,
0 1
1 0
,
0 0
0 1
] 4
w v
T
S

( ) ( ) { } ( ) ( ) { }
| |
(
=
9
= =
(
=
(
=
)
`
=
)
`

=
2
1
: para Bases
1 , 4 , 0 , 3 1 , 2 , 1 , 1 ] 6
3 1
3 2

1 3
0 0
: para Bases
1 0
1 0
,
0 0
0 1
,
1 1
0 1
,
0 0
1 1
0 1
0 1
,
0 0
1 0
,
1 0
0 1
,
1 0
1 1
] 5
2
T
v
si
T S
w v
T
S

a) Encuentre los vectores coordenados
| | | |
C y B
base la a respecto con x de x y
c B
x

b) Encuentre la matriz de cambio de base
B C
P

de
C a B.
c) Encuentre la matriz de cambio de base
C B
P

de
B a C.

De los siguientes conjuntos de bases.

2
2 1 0 1 1
1] , , en
3 0 1 1 1
x B C
( ( ( ( (
= = = 9
` `
( ( ( ( (
) )

| | | |
(
=
(
(
(
=
(
(
=
(
=

1 1
1 1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1

2
1
2
5
3
2
.
C B B C
C B
P P
x x Sol

2
4 1 1 0 2
2] , , en
1 0 1 1 3
x B C
( ( ( ( (
= = = 9
` `
( ( ( ( (
) )

3
3
1 1 0 0
3] 0 0 , 1 , 0 en
1 0 0 1
1 0 0
C 1 , 1 , 0 en
1 1 1
x B
( ( ( (

( ( ( (
= = 9
`
( ( ( (

( ( ( (
)
( ( (

( ( (
= 9
`
( ( (

( ( (
)

| | | |
1 1
. 0 1
1 1
1 0 0 1 0 0
1 1 0 1 1 0
0 1 1 1 1 1
B C
C B B C
sol x x
P P

( (
( (
= =
( (
( (

( (
( (
= =
( (
( (

3
3
3 0 0 1
4] 1 1 , 0 , 0 en
5 0 1 0
1 0 1
C 1 , 1 , 0 en
0 1 1
x B
( ( ( (

( ( ( (
= = 9
`
( ( ( (

( ( ( (
)
( ( (

( ( (
= 9
`
( ( (

( ( (
)

( ) { } { }
1
5] 1 3 1 , 1 C 2 , 4 en p x x B x x x P = + = + =

Algebra lineal
16
6] Sea V=
3
9

( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( ) ( ) ( ) { }
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
=
=
=

2 0 1
2
3
2
1
2
1
2
5
2
1
2
3
1 1 1
2 1 1
1 2 2
.
encuentre 2 , 5 , 5 , 3 , 1 , 4 , 3 , 3 , 6
1 , 1 , 1 , 0 , 2 , 1 , 1 , 0 , 2
S T T S
S T T S
Q P
Sol
Q P T
S
{ }
{ }
2
2 2
2 1 0
7] Encuentre
2 3
1, 2, 3 . 1
5 5
2 , 3,
2 2
0
5 5
S T
S T
P
S t t t Sol P
T t t t t
(
(
(
(
= + + =
(
(
= + +
(

(
(
(
=
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
8
1
8
3
1
T base la a respecto , de
s coordenado vectores los Determine )
0
1
0
,
1
2
1
,
0
1
1
2
1
0
,
0
0
1
,
1
0
1
la encuentre ) ] 8
w v
w v
b
T S
P a
T S

9] Sea { } 3 , 2 , 1
2
+ + = t t t S y
{ }
9 7 y 6 4 8
sea; para bases , 3 , 2
2 2
2
2 2
+ = + =
+ + =
t t w t t v
P t t t t T

a)
(
(
(
(
(
(
=

5
2
5
2
0
5
3
5
2
1
0 1 2
.
T S T S
P sol P

b) Los vectores coordenados de v,w con
respecto a la base T.

| | | |
3 2
. 2 3
7 3
T T
sol v w
( (
( (
= =
( (
( (

10] sea

{ }
{ }
2 2 2
2 2
2
2 2
1, 2 3, 1
1, , 1 bases para
y 4 5 2 6
S t t t t t
T t t t p
V t t W t
= + + + + +
= + +
= + + =

a) Encuentre
S T
P

b) Vectores coordenados de V, W respecto a la base T.
c) Encuentre
T S
Q

11] sean

1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0
, , ,
0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
, , ,
0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1
0 0 2 3
3 1 1 3
S
T
v w
( ( ( (
=
`
( ( ( (
)
( ( ( (
=
`
( ( ( (
)
( (
= =
( (

a) Encuentre
S T
P

b) | | | |
T T
v w c)
T S
Q

12] Sea

{ } { }
1 2 1 2
1
1 2
, y T ,
Bases para donde
1
S v v w w
P
w t w t
= =
= = +

Si la matriz de transicin de S a T es

2 3
Determine S
1 2
(
(

13] Sea

{ } { }
( ) ( )
1 2 1 2
2
1 2
, y T ,
Bases para donde
1, 2 0,1
S v v w w
v v
= =
9
= =

Si la matriz de transicin de S a T es

2 3 2 1
Determine T . ,
1 2 5 3
T S
P Sol
( ( (
=
`
( ( (
)

14] Sean

{ } { }
( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 3 1 2 3
3
1 2 3
, , y T , ,
Bases para donde
1, 0,1 1,1, 0 0, 0,1
S v v v w w w
v v v
= =
9
= = =

Si la matriz de transicin de T a S es
Algebra lineal
17

1 1 2 3 2 3
2 1 1 Determinar . 2 , 1 , 1
1 1 1 0 0 3
T Sol
( ( ( (

( ( ( (
`
( ( ( (

( ( ( (
)

15] Sea

{ } { }
1 2 1 2
1
1 2
, y T ,
Bases para donde
1 1
S v v w w
P
w t w t
= =
= = +

Si la matriz de transicin de T a S es

1 2
Determine S
2 3
(
(

16] Sea
( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( ) ( ) ( ) { }
3
con
S 2, 0,1 , 1, 2, 0 , 1,1,1
6, 3, 3 , 4, 1, 3 , 5, 5, 2
Encuentre
.
3 1
1
2 2 2 2 1
3 1 1
1 1 2
2 2 2
1 1 1
1 0 2
S T
S T T S
V
T
P
Sol
P Q

= 9
=
=
(
(
(
(
(
= =
(
(
(
(

(

2.6 ORTOGONALIDAD

1] Cul de os siguientes conjuntos son
ortogonales?
( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( )( ) ( ) { }
( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( ) ( ) { }
( ) ( ) { }
( ) ( ) { }
( ) ( ) { }
) 1, 1, 2 , 0, 2, 1 , 1,1,1
) 1, 2, 1,1 0, 1, 2, 0 , 1, 0, 0, 1
) 0,1, 0, 1 , 1, 0,1,1 , 1,1, 1, 2
) 1, 3, 2 , 4, 2, 1
) 0, 3, 2,1 , 5, 2, 1, 0
) 2, 2, 2 , 1,1,1
) 4, 6, 10,1 , 2,1, 2, 9
, ,
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
Sol b d

2] Cules de las siguientes matrices son
ortogonales a la matriz A ?

2 1

1 3
3 0 1 1 2 1
) ) )
0 2 0 1 5 2
. ,
A
a b c
Sol a b
(
=
(

( ( (
( ( (

3] Para qu valores de K son ortogonales u, v

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
) 2,1,3 1, 7,
. 3
) , ,1 ,5, 6
. 2 3
) 1,1, 2 , 1, 2
. 5
1 1 1
) , 0, , ,
2 2 2
a u v k
Sol k
b u k k v k
sol k k
c u v k
sol k
d u v a b
= =
=
= =
= =
= =
=
| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .

4] Cul de los siguientes vectores son ortogonales?

( ) ( ) ) 0,1 2, 0
1 1 1 1
) , ,
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
) , ,
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
) , 0, , , 0,
2 2 3 3 3 2 2
2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2
) , , , , , ,
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
. , ,
a
b
c
d
e
sol a b e
| | | |
| |
\ . \ .
| || |

| |
\ .\ .
| | | | | |

| | |
\ . \ . \ .
| || || |

| | |
\ .\ .\ .

5] Cul de los siguientes conjuntos forman una base
ortogonal para
n
9 ?

1 4 1 3 1 2
) 2 , 2 , 2 . ) 2 , 2 , 1
1 0 5 1 1 4
1 1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 1 1 0
) , , . ) , ,
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
a sol Si b
c sol No d
( ( ( ( ( (
( ( ( ( ( (

( ( ( ( ( (
( ( ( ( ( (

( ( ( ( (
( ( ( ( (
( ( ( ( (
( ( ( ( (
( ( ( ( (

1
1
,
0
0
( (
( (
( (
( (
( (

6] Demuestre que cada conjunto de vectores forman
una base ortogonal para
3
9 y exprese ( ) 1,1,1 u =
como combinacin lineal de los vectores:

1 2 3
6 1 3
) 2 , 3 , 1
1 0 20
6 1 0
3 1
) 1 , 3 , 1 1
19 19
1 3 1
a
b v v v
( ( (
( ( (
( ( (
( ( (

( ( (
( ( (
= + +
( ( (
( ( (

Algebra lineal
18
1 2 3
0 4 1
) 1 , 1 , 2
1 1 2
1 4 3
1 1
) 2 , 1 , 6 0
7 7
1 2 9
c
d v v v
( ( (
( ( (
( ( (
( ( (

( ( (
( ( (
= + +
( ( (
( ( (

7] Determine si el conjunto ortogonal dado de
vectores es ortonormal, si no lo es normalice los
vectores para que lo sea.

1 1
1 2 2
2 2
) , ) 2 , 2 , 1
1 1
2 1 2
2 2
1 2 1 2
5 5 2 2
) , ,
2 1 2 1
2 2 5 5
1 2 2
3 3
2 2
) , ,
3 3
2 1
3 3
a b
c no
d
( (
( ( (
( (
( ( (
( (

( ( (
( (
( ( (
( (

( ( ( (

( ( ( (
( ( ( (

( ( ( (
( ( ( (

( (
( (
( (
( (
( (
( (

1 1 0
3
1 1 0
1
) , ,
3
1 1 1
2
1 1 1
3
e
( ( ( (
( ( ( (
( ( ( (
( ( ( (
( ( ( (

(

( )
( )( )( )
1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1
) , , , , , ,
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
1 1 1 1 1
) , 0, , , 0,1, 0
2 2 3 3 3
) 0, 2, 2,1 1,1, 2, 2 0, 2,1, 2
d
e
f
| || || |

| | |
\ .\ .\ .
| | | |
| |
\ .\ .

8] Utilice el proceso de Gram-Schmidt, para
determinar una base ortonormal para los siguientes
conjuntos.
( ) ( ) { }
( ) ( ) { }
( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( )( ) { }
( ) ( ) ( ) { }
3
3
4
4
) 1, 1, 0 , 2, 0,1 en
) 1, 0, 2 , 1,1, 0 en
) 1, 1, 0,1 , 2, 0, 0, 1 , 0, 0,1, 0 en
) 1,1, 1, 0 , 0, 2, 0,1 , 1, 0, 0,1 en
) 1, 2 3, 4
) 1,1,1 , 0,1,1 , 1, 2, 3
a
b
c
d
e
f
9
9
9
9

1 1 1 1 1
: , , 0 , , ,
2 2 3 3 3
sol a
| | | |
=
`
| |
\ . \ . )

( )
1 1 1 5 1 4
, , 0, , , , 0,
3 3 3 42 42 42
, 0, 0,1, 0
b
| | | |

| |
=
\ . \ . `

)

( )( )
1 2 2 1
1, 2 4, 2 , ,
5 5 5 5
e
| || |
=
| |
\ .\ .

9] Demuestre que B es una base ortonormal para
n
9 y
escribe
1
n
e e 9 como combinacin lineal de B
1 2 2
2 1 3 3 3
5 5
2 2 1
) , ) , ,
3 3 3
1 2
5 5 2 1 2
3 3 3
a b
( ( (
( (
( ( (
( (
( ( (
` `
( (
( ( (

( (
( ( (
)

( ( (
)

10] Calcule una base ortogonal y una ortonormal de
3
9
aplicando el proceso de Gram-Schmidt a la base B

2 0 1 1 4 1
) 1 , 3 , 2 ) 2 , 3 , 2
1 1 0 1 5 3
3
4 1
0
) 2 , 2 )
1
1 3
1
a B b B
c B d B
( ( ( ( ( (

( ( ( ( ( (
= =
` `
( ( ( ( ( (

( ( ( ( ( (
) )
(
( (
(

( (
(
= =
`
( (
(

( (

)

0 2
2 2
, ,
1 2
0 2
.
4 1
3 11 2
7 1
) . 1 , ,
3 11
1
3 1
3 11
4 2
66 16
7 1
= ,
16 66
1 1
16 66
Sol
a ort
ortonormal
( (
( (

( (
`
( (

( ( (

)
( (
( ( (

(
( (
=
`
(
( (

(
( (

( (
)
( (
( (
( (
( (
( (
(
(

1
11
1
,
11
3
11
(
(
(

(
`
(

( (

( (

)

1
21 4
32
) 2 ,
21
1
68
21
c ortogonal
(
( (

(
(
=
`
(
(

(
(

(
)

( )( )( )
( )( )( )
( )( )( )
( )( )( )
( )( )( )
( )( )( )
( )( )( )( )
) 1, 0,1 0,1,1 1, 0, 0
) 1, 0,1,1,1 1,1, 0,1,1 1,1,1, 0,1
) 1, 0,1 2,3,5 0, 2, 1
) 1,3, 4 1, 0,1 2, 2,1
) 0,3, 2 1, 4, 4 2, 1,1
) 0,1,1 0, 2,1 3, 0, 4
) 0,1, 0,1 2, 0, 1, 0 0,1,1,1 0, 0,3, 4
e
f
g
h
i
j
k

Algebra lineal
19
3.1 TRANSFORMACIONES
LINEALES

Determine si las siguientes funciones son
transformaciones lineales:

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2
3 2
2
2 2
1] : definida por 2 , 3 .
2] : definida por
, , donde , , , .
3] : definida por
1, .
4] : definida por ,1 .
5] : d
f f x x x Sol si
f
f x y ax by cx dy a b c d Sol si
f
f x x y z Sol no
f f x x Sol no
f
99 =
9 9
= + + e9
9 9
= + +
99 =
9 9
( ) ( )
( )
( )
3
2
efinida por
, , .
6] : definida por
, , 2 3 4 .
7] : definida por , .
f x y x y x Sol Si
f
f x y z x y z Sol Si
f f x y xy Sol No
= +
9 9
= +
9 9 =

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 3
2 2
11 11
8] : Definida por
, 1, 2 , .
9] : Definida por
, , .
10] : definida por
1

f
f x y x y x y Sol no
f
f x y x y x y Sol Si
f M M
x
x
f y
y z
z
9 9
= + +
9 9
= +
(
+ (
(
=
(
(

(

. Sol No

( ) ( )
3 2
2
11] : definida por
, , , .
f
T x y z x y y z Sol
9 9
= +

22 22
22 22
22
12] : definida por
.
2
13] : definida por
1 1
.
2 3
14] : definida por
L M M
a b b c d
L Sol
c d c d a
L M M
a b a b
L Sol
c d c d
L M
a b
L
c d
( (
=
( (
+

+ ( (
=
( (

9
(
=
(

. a d Sol Si +

22
15] Sea : definida por
1 .
L M
a b
L a d c d Sol
c d
9
(
= + +
(

3
16] :
2
3 1
17] .
1 2
1
18] .
x x y
T Sol Si
y x y
x
T x y Sol
y
x x
T Sol No
y x y
+ ( (
=
( (

( ( (
= +
( ( (

( (
=
( (

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
3
2
19] Hallar , , donde :
Esta definido por
1,1,1 3 0,1, 2 0, 0,1 2
: , , 8 3 2
20] Hallar , , Sea :
una aplicacin lineal tal que
1,1 3 0,1 2 : , 5 2
T a b c T R
T T T
Sol T a b c a b c
T a b c T R
T T Sol T a b a b
9
= =
=
9
= = =

( )
( )
2 3
1 1
21] Hallar Sea : tal que
1 8 2 3
1 1
3 6 : 4
1 2
1 5 2
22] Sea : Una transformacion lineal
tal que 1 7 2
1 4 Calcu
x
T T R
y
x y
T T Sol x y
x y
T P P
T x x
T x x
(
9
(

( ( (
( (
( ( (
= =
( (
( ( (

( ( ( +

+ = +
+ = + ( ) lar 2 6 . 2 8
23] Sea una transformacin lineal tal que
1 5 2 9
Determine
1 8 2 4
10
, ,
15
T x Sol x
T
T T
x y
T T T
y x
+ +
( ( ( (
= =
( ( ( (

( ( (
( ( (

( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
2 3
24] Sea : La transformacin lineal
1, 8 5 2 2 4 9
Calcular , 15 10 ,
25] Sea : una transformacin
lineal
1 3
1 0
2 0
0 1
1 4
T P P
T x x T x x
T a bx T x T b ax
T
T T
= + + =
+ + +
9 9
( (
( (
( (
= =
( (
( (

( (

Encuentre
5
,
2
a
T T
b
( (
( (

Algebra lineal
20
2
2
2
2
2
26] Sea : Una transformacin lineal
1 3
1 2 2 Encuentre
1 1
7
) )
9
. ) 5 14 8
3 7
)
4 4 2
T P
T x T x x
a
a T b T
b
Sol a x x
a b a b a b
b x x
9
( (
= = +
( (

( (
( (

+ + | | | | | |
+
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
22
27] Sea : Una transformacin lineal
1 1
1 1 Encuentre
) 4 3 )
3
: ) 4 3 5 )
2
28] Sea : Una transformacin linea
T P P
T x x T x x x x
T x x x
a T x x b T a bx cx
a b c
Sol a x x b a cx x
T M
+ = + + =
+ = + +
+ + +
| |
+ + + +
|
\ .
9
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 3
l
1 0 1 1 1 1
1 2 3
0 0 0 0 1 0
1 1 1 3
4 Encuentre ,
1 1 4 2
29] Hallar , donde :
Esta definida por 1, 2 3, 1, 5 0,1 2,1, 1
. , 2 , 3 , 7
30] Hallar
T T T
a b
T T T
c d
T a b T
T T
Sol T a b a b a b a b
T a
( ( (
= = =
( ( (

( ( (
=
( ( (

9 9
= =
= + +
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
3
, , donde :
Esta definida por 1,1,1 3 0,1, 2 1
0, 0,1 2
. , , 8 3 2
b c T
T T
T
Sol T a b c a b c
9 9
= =
=
=

3.2 IMAGEN Y KERNEL

( ) ( )
( ) ( ) { }
4 3
1] Sea : La aplicacin lineal
definida por
, , , , 2 , 3 3
Hallar una base y la dimensin de
) Imagen de V de , ) de
. ) 1,1,1 , 0,1, 2 dim 2
)
F
f x y s t x y s t x s t x y s t
a f b Kernel W f
Sol a Base V
b B
9 9
= + + + + +
=
( ) ( ) { }
2,1, 1, 0 , 1, 2, 0,1 dim 2 ase W =

( ) ( )
( ) ( ) { }
( ) { }
3 3
2] Sea : La aplicacin lineal
definida por
, , 2 , , 2
) Imagen de V de , ) de
. ) 1, 0,1 , 0,1, 1 dim 2
) 3, 1,1 dim 1
F
T x y z x y z y z x y z
a T b Kernel W T
Sol a Base V
b Base W
9 9
= + + +
=
=

( ) ( )
3 3
3] Para cada una de las transformaciones
lineales . Hallar una base y la dimensin de
) Imag. ) El Ncleo de
) : definida por
, , 2 , , 2
. ) 1, 0,
F
a V b W
i f
f x y z x y y z x z
Sol a
9 9
= + +
( ) ( ) { }
( ) { }
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) { }
( ) { }
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) { }
( ) { }
2 2
3 2
1 , 0,1, 2 2
) 2, 1, 1 1
) : definida por
, ,
. ) 1,1 , 0,1, 2 1
) 1, 1 1
) : definida por
, , ,
. ) 1, 0 , 0,1 2
) 1, 1,1 1
DimV
b DimW
ii f
f x y x y x y
Sol a DimV
b DimW
iii f
f x y z x y y z
Sol a DimV
b DimW
=
=
9 9
= + +
=
=
9 9
= + +
=
=

3 3
7] : definida por
4 2 2
2 3 1
1 1 2
) Es L uno a uno?
) Determine la dimensin de Imag
L
x x
L y y
z z
a
b L
9 9
( ( (
( ( (
=
( ( (
( ( (

4 3
8] Sea : definida como
) Es L uno a uno?
) Determine la dimensin de Kernel de
L
x
x y
y
L y z
z
z w
w
a
b L
9 9
(
+ (
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
(

Algebra lineal
21
( ) ( )
3 3
4 4
, , , 2 ,
) Determine una base para Kern
) Determine una base para la Imag
1 2 1 3
2 1 1 2
1 0 0 1
4 1 1 0
L
L x y z x y x y z
a L
b L
L
x
y
L
z
w
9 9
= +
9 9
(
(

(
=
(
(

) Determine una base para Kern
) Determine una base para la Imag
x
y
z
w
a L
b L
( (
( (
( (
( (
( (

( ) ( ) { }
4 3
10] En cada una de las siguientes matrices
1 2 0 1 1 0 2 1
) 2 1 2 1 ) 2 3 1 1
1 3 2 2 2 0 5 3
Hallar una base y la dimensin de la imagen y
ncleo.
) 1, 2,1 , 0,1,1 dim Imag 2
a A b B
a A
b
9 9
( (
( (
= =
( (
( (

=
( ) { }
2
) 1, ,1,1 dim Kern B 2
3
=

3.3 VALORES Y VECTORES
CARACTERSTICOS

Ontenga los valores y vectores propios de
las siguientes matrices.
3 0 0 1
1] . 4 3
0 4 1 0
Sol
( ( (

( ( (

( )
8 9 9
2] 3 2 3
9 9 10
5 1
2
6 6 1
5 1
. 1 1 2 2 1 2
18 18
0
1
i
Sol i i
(
(
(
(

(

(
(
(
(
+
(
(
(
(

(

( )
5 1
2
6 6
5 1
2 2 1 2
18 18
1
i
i i
(
(
(

(
(
(

1 2
3 5 2 2 3
5 3
3] 10 4 5 . 1 2
3 2
5 4 6
1 1
1 1
3 3 1 3 2 1
2 1
4] 1 2 1 . 1 2 3 0
3 3
4 1 1 1
1 1
Sol
Sol
( (
(
( (
(
( (

(
( (
( ( (

( (

( (
( (
( (
( (
( (

( (
( (
( ( ( (

( (

0
1 0 0 3 5
3
5] 3 10 15 . 0 1 1 0
2
2 6 9 0 1
1
2 1 1
11 4 3 7 4 1
8 5 2
6] 13 9 3 . 0 1 2
11 8 3
19 14 5
1 1 1
Sol
Sol
(
( ( (
(
( ( (

(
( ( (
(
( ( (

( ( (
(
( ( (
(
( ( (

(
( ( (
( ( ( (

( ( (

1 3 1
5 3 11 9 10 4
3 8 2
7] 22 25 10 . 1 1 3
3 5 11
32 34 13
1 1 1
Sol
( ( (
(
( ( (
(
( ( (

(
( ( (
( ( ( (

( ( (

3
15
5 19 21 6 1
23
4
8] 23 30 11 . 1 4 1 4 1
5
23 31 12 1 1
1
Sol
(
(
( (
(
(
( (
(
(
( (
(
(
( ( (
(
(

Algebra lineal
22

Problem A Rio de Algebra Lineal

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Problem A Rio de Algebra Lineal

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Algebra lineal

Lic. ALBERTO RODRIGUEZ M.

S-ar putea să vă placă și