PENJADWALAN SUMBER DAYA PROYEK

Latar Belakang

Hampir selalu lebih banyak proyek atau aktivitas dibandingkan dengan sumber daya yang tersedia Permasalahannya adalah bagaimana memilih proyek yang memberikan kontribusi terbaik terhadap tujuan perusahaan dengan kendalakendala sumber daya yang ada Jika penjadwalan proyek menggunakan komputer, dampak dari adanya proyek yang baru dengan cepat dapat dikenali

The Problem

Will the assigned labor and/or equipment be adequate and available to deal with my project? Will outside contractors have to be used? Do unforeseen resource dependencies exists? Is there a new critical path? How much flexibility do we have in using resources? Is the original deadline realistic? If another project is added to our ongoing and planned projects, will it cause delays in my project?

Types of Project Constraints

Technical or logic constraints

Usually address the sequence in which project activities must occur.

Resource constraints

When the availability of resource lower than required

Ex : renovation of ship compartment might allow only one person to perform an activity because of space limitations.

Physical Constraints

Kinds of Resource Constraints

PEOPLE

EQUIPMENT

MATERIAL

WORKING CAPITAL

Classification of Scheduling Problem

Time Constrained
Test

: if the critical path is delayed, will resources be added to get back on schedule? If the answer is yes, assume the project is time constrained; if no, assume the project is resource constrained.

Resource Constrained
The

level of resource available cannot be exceeded.

Priority Rules

Minimum Slack Smallest Duration Lowest Activity Identification Number

Splitting/Multitasking

Activity duration without splitting

Activity A

Activity B

Activity C

Activity duration split into three segmentsA, B, C

Activity A

Activity B

Activity C

Startup

Shutdown

Activity duration split with shutdown and startup

Responsibility Matrix for a Market Research Project

R = Responsible S = Supports/assists
Task Identify target customers Develop draft questionnaire Pilot-test questionnaire Finalize questionnaire Print questionnaire Prepare mailing labels Mail questionnaires Receive and monitor returned questionnaires Input response data Analyze results Prepare draft of report Prepare final report S R R R R S S S S S R R R R

Project team
Richard Dan Dave Linda Elizabeth S S R S S S S S R R R S S

Responsibility Matrix for the Computer Controlled Conveyor Belt Project

Organization
Design Deliverables Architechural design Hardware specifications Kernal specifications Utilities specification Hardware design Disk drivers Memory management Operating system documentation Prototypes Integrated acceptance test 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 2 5 5 2 1 3 2 1 4 2 1 3 1 3 3 5 2 3 3 4 5 Develop- Documen- Assembly ment tation 2 1 3 1 3 3 3 3 Testing 2 2 Purchas- Quality Manufacing assurance turing 3 3 3 3

Legend 1 Responsible 3 Consult 5 Approval 2 Support 4 Notification

Key Terms

Heuristics Levelling/Smoothing Multitasking Resource-constrained projects Splitting Time-constrained projects

Review Questions
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

How does resource scheduling tie to project priority? How does resource scheduling reduce flexibility in managing projects? Present six reasons scheduling resources is an important task. How can outsourcing project work alleviate the three most common problems associated with multiproject resource scheduling? Explain the risks associated with levelling resources, compressing or crashing projects, and imposed duration or catch-up as the project being implemented.