Microwave Communications and Transmission Design

1
INTRODUCTION
Microwave communication or transmission is referred to as the transmission of signals through
the use of radio waves in miniscule wavelength measurements called microwaves. A part of the radio
spectrum, it ranges roughly from 1.0 GHz to 30 GHz that correspond to wavelengths 30 cm down to 1
cm.
Applications of microwave communication are often for point-to-point communications
because of its small wavelength. This allows the antennas to direct the waves in narrow beams directly
pointed at the receiving antenna. Because of this, nearby microwave equipment may use the same
frequency without interfering the other microwave equipment, as lower frequency radio waves do.
High frequency microwaves also gives the advantage of higher information capacity, which makes it
ideal for high data rate applications and transmission. Microwave radio transmission is commonly used
in point-to-point communication systems on the surface of the Earth, in satellite communications, and
in deep space radio communications. Other parts of the microwave radio band are used for radars,
radio navigation systems, sensor systems, and radio astronomy.
This technology is also advantageous because of its flexibility. It can easily be deployed in
rugged terrains, remote areas and even over water. Microwave technology is also preferred because
when a communication system expands, the equipment are readily easy to relocate and reconfigure.
What limits the microwaves is that it can only be propagated through line of sight, unlike lower
frequency radio waves. The area between the microwave system components must be clear from
obstruction or major structures, such as tall buildings, mountains or other objects that could
potentially obstruct the communication.
The typical microwave system includes at least two microwave radios that are located high atop
microwave towers. The radios allow the transmission of data from site to site.
Objective:
Antenna A to Antenna B Distance

Antenna A to Repeater Distance
Antenna B to Repeater Distance
Tower Height
Antenna Near to Roads
Minimum Requirements
Values Obtained
80km
25 to 35 mi (for 2 -8GHz
Band)
25 to 35 mi (for 2 -8GHz
Band)
30m
80km
29.2 mi
25mi
30m,55m, 115m,145m
Yes
ANTENNA LOCATION
Camiling
A Elev=1000m
Map1
Sheet No. 3032-II
ODonnell
Map2
Sheet No. 3031-I
Mount Pinatubo
Elev=425m
Map3
Sheet No. 3031-II
Olongapo City
Elev=890m
Map4
Sheet No. 3030-I
Antenna A Location: San Clemente, Tarlac

Repeater Location: Bamban, Tarlac
Antenna B Location: Subic, Zambales
SITE DEMOGRAPHY
TARLAC
Tarlac is a landlocked province of the Philippines
located in Central Luzon. Its capital is Tarlac City. Tarlac
borders Pampanga to the south, Nueva Ecija to the east,
Pangasinan to the north, and Zambales to the west. It is
a part of Central Luzon, which is also composed of
Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga and
Zambales.
As of the 2000 census, Tarlac has a population of
1,273,240. Its population density is 440/km.
In the southern half of the province
Kapampangan is the spoken language whereas Ilocano
and Pangasinan dominate the northern half. Tagalog,
being the country's national language, is widely
understood throughout the province.
Economy
The economy of Tarlac is dominantly agricultural. Principal crops are rice and sugarcane. Other
major crops are corn and coconut; vegetables such as eggplant, garlic, and onion; and fruit trees like
mango, banana, and calamansi. It is among the biggest producers of Rice and Sugarcane notably grown
in Hacienda Luisita in Barangay San Miguel, Tarlac City which is owned by the Cojuangco Family.
Because the province is landlocked, its fish production is limited to fishponds but it has vast
river systems and irrigation which is more than enough to compensate for the need of water. On the
boundary with Zambales in the west, forest lands provide timber for the logging industry. Mineral
reserves such as manganese and iron can also be found along the western section.
Tarlac has its own rice and corn mills as well as sawmills and logging outfits. It has three sugar
centrals. Other firms service agricultural needs such as fertilizer. Among its cottage industries, ceramics
making has become important because of the abundant supply of clay. Some of the major industries
here are the making of Chicharon and Iniruban in the municipality of Camiling, Ylang Ylang /Ilang-Ilang
products of Anao and the Muscovado sugar products of Victoria. Besides those products, the province
also boosts its sugar products in the Philippines. It is next to Negros Occidental which is the nation's
sugar capital. Tilapia is also improving in Tarlac and it will soon be the Tilapia capital of the Philippines.
Geography
Eastern Tarlac is a plain, while Western Tarlac is hilly to mountainous. Because of this, the
province owns a large portion of mountains like Mt. Telakawa (Straw hat Mountain), which is the
highest mountain in the province located at Capas, Tarlac. Mt. Bueno, Mt. Mor-Asia and Mt. Canouman
is located also in Capas as well as Mount Dalin. The other mountains are Mt. Dueg and Mt. Maasin,
found in the municipality of San Clemente. Also noted are Mt. Papaac, Bacsay, Cayasan and Birbira of
Camiling. The whole of Mayantoc and San Jose are mountainous so it is suitable for the highest natural
resources and forest products in the province such as coal, iron, copper, vegetables, fruits, log fires,
sand, rocks and forest animals such as wild boar, deer etc. The main water sources for agriculture
include the Tarlac River at Tarlac City, The Lucong and Parua rivers in Concepcion, Tarlac, Sacobia
Bamban River in Bamban and the Rio Chico in La Paz.
Political
Tarlac is subdivided into 17 municipalities and 1 city. These divisions are further subdivided into
511 barangays. The province comprises three congressional districts.
Physical
The province is situated at the center of the central plains of Luzon, landlocked by four
provinces: Pampanga on the south, Nueva Ecija on the east, Pangasinan on the north, and Zambales on
the west. Approximately 75% of the province is plain while the rest is hilly to mountainous.
Like the rest of Central Luzon, the province has two distinct seasons: dry from November to
April and wet for the rest of the year.
ZAMBALES
Zambales is a province of the Philippines located in the
Central Luzon region. Its capital is Iba. Zambales borders
Pangasinan to the north, Tarlac and Pampanga to the east,
Bataan to the south and the South China Sea to the west. With
a land area of 3,830.83 km2, Zambales is the second largest
among the seven provinces of Central Luzon. The province is
noted for its mangoes, which are abundant from January to
April.
Zambales is served by the Subic Bay International Airport,
which is located in Cubi Point in the Subic Bay Freeport Zone.
The Freeport Zone is host to many tourist attractions which
include casinos, beach resorts, parks, beachside huts and
cottages and historical sites.
Geography
Physical
Zambales lies on the western shores of Luzon island along the
South China Sea. Its shoreline is very ragged, and features many coves and inlets. The Zambales
Mountains, the mountain range on the eastern part of the province occupies about 60% of its total
land area. Subic Bay, in the southern end of the province, provides a natural harbor, and was chosen as
the location of the U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay. The peak of Mount Pinatubo lies near the tripoint of
Zambales, Pampanga, and Tarlac provinces.[4] This volcano, once considered dormant, erupted
violently in 1991 blowing off its summit, leaving a caldera (now filled with Lake Pinatubo), on the
mountains of Botolan, Zambales. A vast portion of the province acquired desert-like features after
being buried by more than 20 feet (6.1 m) deep of lahar.
Climate
Zambales has two pronounced seasons: dry from October to June, and wet from July to September.
Subdivisions
Zambales is subdivided into 13 municipalities and 1 city. Olongapo City is a highly urbanized city and
administers itself autonomously from the province. Panatag Shoal (Scarborough Shoal) a Philippineclaimed EEZ, is a designated part of the province.
Subic
Castillejos
San Marcelino
San Antonio
San Narciso
San Felipe
Cabangan
Botolan
Iba
Palauig
Masinloc
Candelaria
Santa Cruz
Demographics
Population census of Zambales
Year Pop. % p.a.
1990 369,665
1995 389,512
+1.05%
2000 433,542
+2.16%
2007 493,085
+1.86%
2010 534,443
+2.72%
The Aetas of Mount Pinatubo were the earliest inhabitants of what is now the province of Zambales.
They were later displaced by the Sambal, an Austronesian people after whom the province is named.
Many Sambal still believe in superstitions and mysteries that have been handed down through the
generations.
The Sambal, the Tagalogs, the Ilokanos, and the Kapampangans today constitute the four largest ethnic
groups in Zambales; these identities may and do, however, overlap with one another due to
intermarriage[5] and other factors. Most of the people of southern Zambales are migrants from
different parts of the country owing to the influx of job opportunities brought on by the U.S Subic
Naval Base (San Antonio and Subic) during the American regime of the country. Many people found
jobs and permanently settled there. The presence of the Americans greatly influenced the inhabitants,
from their tastes in food, clothing, and style.
Respect for elders is still observed. Town fiestas honoring patron saints are practiced in each parish,
and Zambaleos are very accommodating when it comes to feasts.
Education
There are a number of higher educational institutions in the province. The Ramon Magsaysay
Technological University, the first state university in the province can be found in Iba. It has also
satellite campuses in the municipalities of Sta. Cruz, Candelaria, Masinloc, Botolan, San Marcelino,
Castillejos, and in the city of Olongapo. St. Joseph College-Olongapo, a college run by the Roman
Catholic Church can be found in Olongapo City. The Columban College, run by the Catholic Church can
be found also in Olongapo. The Magsaysay Memorial College is also run by the Roman Catholic Church
and can be found in San Narciso.
Economy
Zambales is a rich source of Nickel & mountain.
Frequency Allocation
Since the Voice Channel Capacity is 1800, the recommended frequency range to be used is from 7.725
to 8.275 GHz as indicated from ITU-R Rec 386. Also, the range is listed in the available frequency range
of Point-to-Point Radio Comm. System from NTC.
To determine the operating frequency per channel:
f ar (GHz)
Go
f rb (GHz)
f br (GHz)
f ra (GHz)
Solution:
BW=8.275-7.725=.55GHz
fc= (8.275+7.725)/2 = 8 GHz
Frequency:
For Go links far & frb:
f=7.725 x Bw/4 x (4 - 1/2)
For Return links fbr & fra:
f=8 x Bw/4 x (4 - 1/2)
7.794
7.931
Return
8.069
8.206
PATH PROFILE DATA
Earth Bulge = d1xd2/12.75k where k=4/3
First Fresnel (F1) =
Total Elevation = Elevation+EB+(.6xF1)+Allowance

Where Allowance is
Type
Residential
Industrial
Woods and other terrain types
Allowance (m)
10
20
6.1
To determine Tower Height and Reflection Point simultaneously, Reflection Point Calculation as used
(for k=4/3):
H1
D1
D1
2
H2
D2
D2
2
Where:
H1: elevation of lower antenna from reflection surface in feet
D1: distance from lower antenna in miles
H2: elevation of higher antenna from reflection surface in feet
D2: distance from higher antenna in miles
First, tower heights were assumed since H1 is equal to (Tower height+Elevation)- Elevation per km,
and values can be said to be applicable when the difference of the left and right side of the
equation will be equal to zero. Thus, the reflection point is located at that elevation. Moreover,
before the tower height can be accepted, there must be no obstruction to the line of site but the
reflection path must have an obstruction so that it will not be reflected to the receiving antenna.
Antenna (A) to Repeater (R) Path Profile Data Sheet

d1
(km)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
d2
(km)
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Elev
(m)
1000
820
900
720
800
540
400
420
260
240
400
140
380
340
340
320
340
340
320
400
280
360
220
160
480
360
400
400
440
500
500
440
380
300
240
220
340
20
130
140
180
300
240
240
280
400
240
425
Path class
EB (m)
Woodland
Scrub
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Sand
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Scrub
Woodland
Woodland
Swamp
Woodland
Scrub
Grass
Grass
Woodland
Grass
Scrub
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
0.0000
2.7059
5.2941
7.7647
10.1176
12.3529
14.4706
16.4706
18.3529
20.1176
21.7647
23.2941
24.7059
26.0000
27.1765
28.2353
29.1765
30.0000
30.7059
31.2941
31.7647
32.1176
32.3529
32.4706
32.4706
32.3529
32.1176
31.7647
31.2941
30.7059
30.0000
29.1765
28.2353
27.1765
26.0000
24.7059
23.2941
21.7647
20.1176
18.3529
16.4706
14.4706
12.3529
10.1176
7.7647
5.2941
2.7059
0.0000
D
(km)
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
F1(m)
0.6F1
Allowance
Total
0.0000
6.1305
8.5751
10.3849
11.8544
13.0987
14.1770
15.1250
15.9659
16.7159
17.3867
17.9872
18.5243
19.0033
19.4284
19.8033
20.1307
20.4128
20.6515
20.8484
21.0046
21.1209
21.1982
21.2367
21.2367
21.1982
21.1209
21.0046
20.8484
20.6515
20.4128
20.1307
19.8033
19.4284
19.0033
18.5243
17.9872
17.3867
16.7159
15.9659
15.1250
14.1770
13.0987
11.8544
10.3849
8.5751
6.1305
0.0000
0.0000
3.6783
5.1450
6.2310
7.1127
7.8592
8.5062
9.0750
9.5796
10.0295
10.4320
10.7923
11.1146
11.4020
11.6571
11.8820
12.0784
12.2477
12.3909
12.5090
12.6027
12.6726
12.7189
12.7420
12.7420
12.7189
12.6726
12.6027
12.5090
12.3909
12.2477
12.0784
11.8820
11.6571
11.4020
11.1146
10.7923
10.4320
10.0295
9.5796
9.0750
8.5062
7.8592
7.1127
6.2310
5.1450
3.6783
0.0000
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
1006.1000
832.4842
916.5392
740.0957
823.3303
566.3121
429.0768
451.6456
294.0325
276.2472
438.2967
180.1865
421.9205
383.5020
384.9335
366.2173
387.3549
388.3477
369.1968
449.9032
330.4674
410.8902
271.1718
211.3126
531.3126
411.1718
450.8902
450.4674
489.9032
549.1968
548.3477
487.3549
426.2173
344.9335
283.5020
261.9205
380.1865
58.2967
166.2472
174.0325
211.6456
329.0768
266.3121
263.3303
300.0957
416.5392
252.4842
431.1000
Highlighted Row is the position of the Reflection Point
10
Tower A Height/Repeater Tower Height & Reflection Point Calculation

H1= ((ELEV(A)+30-ELEV)*3.28))/(Distance from A*0.621371)) - ((Distance from A*0.621371)/2)
H2= ((ELEV(Rep)+55-ELEV)*3.28))/(Distance from Rep*0.621371)) - ((Distance from Rep*0.621371)/2)
Distance
from A (km)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
H1 @Tower A
Ht=30m
1108.2058
342.4909
544.5284
302.2796
515.7543
552.3941
457.8218
505.5846
460.5520
329.4481
423.6732
282.1986
276.1356
255.8124
245.1958
222.6708
208.9694
202.6211
169.1259
191.7357
161.8897
187.5152
192.5249
113.5126
133.7007
119.8279
114.7800
102.5295
87.4620
83.9356
90.8334
97.2806
106.5175
112.0877
111.2890
89.9894
132.5975
113.2146
108.3448
99.7439
81.2476
86.2401
83.6204
76.3068
59.9203
76.3635
H2@Rep Ht=55m
Difference
-53.3076
-63.2482
-42.4628
-52.6425
-20.5897
-2.4383
-4.5094
17.6603
21.5328
-0.0821
38.6692
4.2079
11.1723
12.1417
16.4513
14.2078
15.3131
20.1137
6.3827
30.7126
16.2852
47.1308
62.9255
-7.1458
21.9576
13.5847
14.9009
5.2099
-11.4575
-11.4918
8.2257
30.5307
63.5188
93.4131
110.6425
63.7653
239.7110
202.4847
221.8571
224.0531
156.4954
251.8218
315.4763
350.9779
210.5246
1266.5653
1161.51
405.74
586.99
354.92
536.34
554.83
462.33
487.92
439.02
329.53
385.00
277.99
264.96
243.67
228.74
208.46
193.66
182.51
162.74
161.02
145.60
140.38
129.60
120.66
111.74
106.24
99.88
97.32
98.92
95.43
82.61
66.75
43.00
18.67
0.65
26.22
107.11
89.27
113.51
124.31
75.25
165.58
231.86
274.67
150.60
1190.20
Therefore Refelection Point is at km35 Elev=220m
11
Antenna (A) to Repeater Path Profile

1200
1000
Elevation (m)
800
600
400
200
0
1
9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47
D (km)
Elev (m)
EB (m)
Total
Line of Sight
Reflection Path
12
Repeater (R) to Antenna (A) Path Profile Data Sheet

d1
(km)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
d2
(km)
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Elev
(m)
425
240
400
280
240
240
300
180
140
130
20
340
220
240
300
380
440
500
500
440
400
400
360
480
160
220
360
280
400
320
340
340
320
340
340
380
140
400
240
260
420
400
540
800
720
900
820
1000
Path class
EB (m)
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Scrub
Grass
Woodland
Grass
Grass
Scrub
Woodland
Swamp
Woodland
Woodland
Scrub
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Sand
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Scrub
Woodland
0.0000
2.7059
5.2941
7.7647
10.1176
12.3529
14.4706
16.4706
18.3529
20.1176
21.7647
23.2941
24.7059
26.0000
27.1765
28.2353
29.1765
30.0000
30.7059
31.2941
31.7647
32.1176
32.3529
32.4706
32.4706
32.3529
32.1176
31.7647
31.2941
30.7059
30.0000
29.1765
28.2353
27.1765
26.0000
24.7059
23.2941
21.7647
20.1176
18.3529
16.4706
14.4706
12.3529
10.1176
7.7647
5.2941
2.7059
0.0000
D
(km)
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
F1(m)
0.6F1
Allowance
Total
0.0000
5.9746
8.3570
10.1209
11.5530
12.7656
13.8165
14.7404
15.5600
16.2909
16.9446
17.5299
18.0533
18.5201
18.9344
19.2998
19.6188
19.8937
20.1264
20.3183
20.4705
20.5839
20.6592
20.6967
20.6967
20.6592
20.5839
20.4705
20.3183
20.1264
19.8937
19.6188
19.2998
18.9344
18.5201
18.0533
17.5299
16.9446
16.2909
15.5600
14.7404
13.8165
12.7656
11.5530
10.1209
8.3570
5.9746
0.0000
0.0000
3.5848
5.0142
6.0725
6.9318
7.6594
8.2899
8.8443
9.3360
9.7745
10.1668
10.5179
10.8320
11.1120
11.3607
11.5799
11.7713
11.9362
12.0759
12.1910
12.2823
12.3503
12.3955
12.4180
12.4180
12.3955
12.3503
12.2823
12.1910
12.0759
11.9362
11.7713
11.5799
11.3607
11.1120
10.8320
10.5179
10.1668
9.7745
9.3360
8.8443
8.2899
7.6594
6.9318
6.0725
5.0142
3.5848
0.0000
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
431.1000
252.3907
416.4083
299.9372
263.1495
266.1123
328.8605
211.4149
173.7889
165.9922
58.0315
379.9120
261.6378
283.2120
344.6371
425.9152
487.0477
548.0362
548.8817
489.5851
450.1470
450.5680
410.8484
530.9886
210.9886
270.8484
410.5680
330.1470
449.5851
368.8817
388.0362
387.0477
365.9152
384.6371
383.2120
421.6378
179.9120
438.0315
275.9922
293.7889
451.4149
428.8605
566.1123
823.1495
739.9372
916.4083
832.3907
1006.1000
13
Repeater Tower Height/Tower A Height & Reflection Point Calculation

H2= ((ELEV(A)+30-ELEV)*3.28))/(Distance from A*0.621371)) - ((Distance from A*0.621371)/2)
Distance from
Rep (km)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
H1 @ Rep Ht=55m
1266.5653
210.5246
350.9779
315.4763
251.8218
156.4954
224.0531
221.8571
202.4847
239.7110
63.7653
110.6425
93.4131
63.5188
30.5307
8.2257
-11.4918
-11.4575
5.2099
14.9009
13.5847
21.9576
-7.1458
62.9255
47.1308
16.2852
30.7126
6.3827
20.1137
15.3131
14.2078
16.4513
12.1417
11.1723
4.2079
38.6692
-0.0821
21.5328
17.6603
-4.5094
-2.4383
-20.5897
-52.6425
-42.4628
-63.2482
-53.3076
H2@ Tower A
Ht=30m
76.3635
59.9203
76.3068
83.6204
86.2401
81.2476
99.7439
108.3448
113.2146
132.5975
89.9894
111.2890
112.0877
106.5175
97.2806
90.8334
83.9356
87.4620
102.5295
114.7800
119.8279
133.7007
113.5126
192.5249
187.5152
161.8897
191.7357
169.1259
202.6211
208.9694
222.6708
245.1958
255.8124
276.1356
282.1986
423.6732
329.4481
460.5520
505.5846
457.8218
552.3941
515.7543
302.2796
544.5284
342.4909
1108.2058
Difference
1190.20
150.60
274.67
231.86
165.58
75.25
124.31
113.51
89.27
107.11
26.22
0.65
18.67
43.00
66.75
82.61
95.43
98.92
97.32
99.88
106.24
111.74
120.66
129.60
140.38
145.60
161.02
162.74
182.51
193.66
208.46
228.74
243.67
264.96
277.99
385.00
329.53
439.02
487.92
462.33
554.83
536.34
354.92
586.99
405.74
1161.51
14
Repeater to Antenna (A) Path Profile

1200
Elevation (m)
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1
9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47
D (km)
Elev (m)
EB (m)
Total
Line of Sight
Reflection Path
15
Antenna (B) to Repeater (R) Path Profile Data Sheet
d1
(km)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
d2
(km)
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Elev
(m)
890
780
600
700
640
220
200
480
460
500
500
380
440
300
240
440
400
640
340
300
340
600
720
600
500
600
560
400
500
560
580
600
440
400
400
300
340
280
340
460
425
Path class
EB (m)
D (km)
F1(m)
0.6F1
Allowance
Total
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Grass
Scrub
Scrub
Grass
Grass
Scrub
Grass
Grass
Scrub
Scrub
Scrub
Scrub
Scrub
Scrub
Scrub
Scrub
Scrub
Lahar
Scrub
Scrub
Scrub
Scrub
Scrub
Scrub
Grass
Scrub
Scrub
Scrub
Scrub
Woodland
Woodland
0.0000
2.2941
4.4706
6.5294
8.4706
10.2941
12.0000
13.5882
15.0588
16.4118
17.6471
18.7647
19.7647
20.6471
21.4118
22.0588
22.5882
23.0000
23.2941
23.4706
23.5294
23.4706
23.2941
23.0000
22.5882
22.0588
21.4118
20.6471
19.7647
18.7647
17.6471
16.4118
15.0588
13.5882
12.0000
10.2941
8.4706
6.5294
4.4706
2.2941
0.0000
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
0.0000
6.0137
8.3949
10.1454
11.5555
12.7387
13.7538
14.6357
15.4073
16.0845
16.6789
17.1989
17.6513
18.0410
18.3720
18.6476
18.8700
19.0412
19.1626
19.2350
19.2591
19.2350
19.1626
19.0412
18.8700
18.6476
18.3720
18.0410
17.6513
17.1989
16.6789
16.0845
15.4073
14.6357
13.7538
12.7387
11.5555
10.1454
8.3949
6.0137
0.0000
0.0000
3.6082
5.0369
6.0872
6.9333
7.6432
8.2523
8.7814
9.2444
9.6507
10.0073
10.3194
10.5908
10.8246
11.0232
11.1885
11.3220
11.4247
11.4975
11.5410
11.5555
11.5410
11.4975
11.4247
11.3220
11.1885
11.0232
10.8246
10.5908
10.3194
10.0073
9.6507
9.2444
8.7814
8.2523
7.6432
6.9333
6.0872
5.0369
3.6082
0.0000
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
896.1000
792.0023
615.6075
718.7166
661.5039
244.0373
226.3523
508.4696
490.4032
532.1625
533.7544
415.1841
476.4555
337.5716
278.5350
479.3474
440.0102
680.5247
380.8917
341.1116
381.1849
641.1116
760.8917
640.5247
540.0102
639.3474
598.5350
437.5716
536.4555
595.1841
613.7544
632.1625
470.4032
428.4696
426.3523
324.0373
361.5039
298.7166
355.6075
472.0023
431.1000
16
Tower B Height/Repeater Tower Height & Reflection Point Calculation

H1= ((ELEV(B)+115-ELEV)*3.28))/(Distance from B*0.621371)) - ((Distance from B*0.621371)/2)
Distance
from B (km)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
H1 @Tower
A Ht=115m
1187.3856
1068.3052
535.7307
480.4341
827.1946
706.3548
393.7239
357.1225
293.3947
263.4650
296.5058
244.8082
282.2263
284.0909
194.1689
194.6280
108.0541
189.4245
189.9627
169.3014
95.2781
61.5474
85.8044
103.6151
77.7470
82.2683
109.8924
86.5050
71.9901
65.4603
59.3318
83.2592
86.5226
83.3656
95.4531
86.3237
91.9376
80.5703
61.6490
H2 @Rep
Ht=145m
-40.5402
-15.9734
-30.0420
-21.4487
41.9125
46.8808
4.1437
8.2034
2.2883
2.9963
25.5744
15.8088
44.3980
58.9204
19.6818
29.9340
-23.2112
48.3508
61.3440
54.4908
-14.2377
-49.5811
-14.5969
18.1231
-15.2176
-0.5791
64.9896
27.0639
1.3812
-8.3855
-20.3917
83.2926
126.0210
147.6976
283.4937
302.2796
509.3374
606.4234
580.3408
Difference
1227.90
1084.30
565.80
501.90
785.30
659.50
389.60
348.90
291.10
260.50
270.90
229.00
237.80
225.20
174.50
164.70
131.30
141.10
128.60
114.80
109.50
111.10
100.40
85.50
93.00
82.80
44.90
59.40
70.60
73.80
79.70
0.00
39.50
64.30
188.00
216.00
417.40
525.90
518.70
17
Antenna (B) to Repeater Path Profile

1200
Elevation (m)
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1
11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41
D (km)
Elev (m)
EB (m)
Total
Line of Sight
Reflection Path
18
Repeater (R) to Antenna (B) Path Profile Data Sheet
d1
(km)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
d2
(km)
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Elev
(m)
425
460
340
280
340
300
400
400
440
600
580
560
500
400
560
600
500
600
720
600
340
300
340
640
400
440
240
300
440
380
500
500
460
480
200
220
640
700
600
780
890
Path class
EB (m)
D (km)
F1(m)
0.6F1
Allowance
Total
Woodland
Woodland
Scrub
Scrub
Scrub
Scrub
Grass
Scrub
Scrub
Scrub
Scrub
Scrub
Scrub
Lahar
Scrub
Scrub
Scrub
Scrub
Scrub
Scrub
Scrub
Scrub
Scrub
Grass
Grass
Scrub
Grass
Grass
Scrub
Scrub
Grass
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
Woodland
0.0000
2.2941
4.4706
6.5294
8.4706
10.2941
12.0000
13.5882
15.0588
16.4118
17.6471
18.7647
19.7647
20.6471
21.4118
22.0588
22.5882
23.0000
23.2941
23.4706
23.5294
23.4706
23.2941
23.0000
22.5882
22.0588
21.4118
20.6471
19.7647
18.7647
17.6471
16.4118
15.0588
13.5882
12.0000
10.2941
8.4706
6.5294
4.4706
2.2941
0.0000
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
0.0000
6.0657
8.4676
10.2333
11.6556
12.8491
13.8729
14.7624
15.5408
16.2239
16.8234
17.3479
17.8042
18.1972
18.5312
18.8091
19.0335
19.2062
19.3286
19.4016
19.4259
19.4016
19.3286
19.2062
19.0335
18.8091
18.5312
18.1972
17.8042
17.3479
16.8234
16.2239
15.5408
14.7624
13.8729
12.8491
11.6556
10.2333
8.4676
6.0657
0.0000
0.0000
3.6394
5.0805
6.1400
6.9933
7.7094
8.3237
8.8575
9.3245
9.7343
10.0940
10.4088
10.6825
10.9183
11.1187
11.2855
11.4201
11.5237
11.5971
11.6410
11.6556
11.6410
11.5971
11.5237
11.4201
11.2855
11.1187
10.9183
10.6825
10.4088
10.0940
9.7343
9.3245
8.8575
8.3237
7.7094
6.9933
6.1400
5.0805
3.6394
0.0000
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
431.1000
472.0336
355.6511
298.7694
361.5639
324.1036
426.4237
428.5457
470.4833
632.2461
613.8411
595.2735
536.5472
437.6654
598.6305
639.4443
540.1083
640.6237
760.9913
641.2116
381.2850
341.2116
380.9913
680.6237
440.1083
479.4443
278.6305
337.6654
476.5472
415.2735
533.8411
532.2461
490.4833
508.5457
226.4237
244.1036
661.5639
718.7694
615.6511
792.0336
896.1000
19
Repeater Tower Height/Tower B Height & Reflection Point Calculation

H2= ((ELEV(B)+115-ELEV)*3.28))/(Distance from B*0.621371)) - ((Distance from B*0.621371)/2)
Distance
H2 @
H1 @ Rep
from A
Tower B
Difference
Ht=145m
(km)
Ht=115m
1
580.3408093 61.649015
518.70
2
606.4233736 80.570325
525.90
3
509.337439 91.937642
417.40
4
302.2796303 86.323717
216.00
5
283.49367
95.453099
188.00
6
147.6976357 83.365611
64.30
7
126.0209861 86.522628
39.50
8
83.29257774 83.259227
0.00
9
-20.3916693 59.331757
79.70
10
-8.38550495 65.460309
73.80
11
1.381232185 71.990094
70.60
12
27.06389873 86.505028
59.40
13
64.98958789 109.89235
44.90
14
-0.57913275 82.268301
82.80
15
-15.2175824 77.746992
93.00
16
18.12312554 103.61514
85.50
17
-14.5969181 85.804374
100.40
18
-49.5810886
61.54743
111.10
19
-14.237735
95.278139
109.50
20
54.49076446 169.3014
114.80
21
61.34396104 189.96267
128.60
22
48.35080487 189.42445
141.10
23
-23.2112229 108.05407
131.30
24
29.93398517 194.62798
164.70
25
19.68184226 194.16887
174.50
26
58.9204264 284.09092
225.20
27
44.39799103 282.22634
237.80
28
15.80882364 244.80821
229.00
29
25.57437881 296.50575
270.90
30
2.996284891 263.46497
260.50
31
2.288281652 293.39474
291.10
32
8.203423214 357.12254
348.90
33
4.143696554 393.72395
389.60
34
46.88082484 706.35476
659.50
35
41.91250703 827.19462
785.30
36
-21.4487196 480.43407
501.90
37
-30.0419714 535.73069
565.80
38
-15.9734042 1068.3052
1084.30
39
-40.5402342 1187.3856
1227.90
20
Antenna (B) to Repeater Path Profile

1200
Elevation (m)
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1
11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41
D (km)
Elev (m)
EB (m)
Total
Line of Sight
Reflection Path
21
TRANSMISSION CALCULATION
A TO R
Transmitter Output Power, Pt (dBm)

Receiver Threshold (dBm)
Reliability (%)
Fade Margin (dB)
Waveguide Length (m)
Radome Loss (dB)
Connector Loss (dB)
Circulator Loss (dB)
32
-69
99.99
38
6.1
0.2
0.084
0.5
Frequency (GHz)
7.794
Distance (km)
47
Waveguide Loss (@ 7.794 GHz)
5.8
Antenna Height, A (m)
30
Antenna height, R (m)
55
Connector Loss (dB) from specification sheet = 0.03*sqrt(F GHz)
Receiver Signal level (RSL) = FM + Receiver Threshold

RSL = 38 dB 69 dB
RSL = -31 dB
Free Space Loss (FSL) = 92.4 + 20log F (GHz) + 20log D(km)
FSL = 92.4 + 20log(7.794) + 20log(47)
FSL = 143.6771652 dB
Total Waveguide Loss = Waveguide Loss * (Antenna Height A + Antenna Height R+ 2*Allowance) / 100
Total Waveguide Loss = 5.8 * (30+55+6.1+6.1) / 100
Total Waveguide Loss = 5.6376dB
Total Connector Loss = 0.84 dB per site * 4
Total Connector Loss = 0.335012836dB
Total Radome Loss = 0.2 dB per site * 2
Total Radome Loss = 0.4 dB
Total Circulator Loss = 0.5 dB per site * 2
Total Radome Loss = 1 dB
22
Total Losses = FSL + WG loss + Connector Loss + Radome Loss

Total Losses = 143.6771652 + 0.335012836 0.335012836 +0.4
Total Losses = 151.049778 dB
Total Antenna Gain = RSL Pt + Total Losses
Total Antenna Gain = -31 32 + 151.049778
Total Antenna Gain = 88.04977802 dB
Individual Antenna Gain = Total Antenna Gain / 2
Antenna Gain = 88.04977802 / 2
Antenna Gain = 44.02488901 dB
Antenna Diameter (d):
44.67539635 = 7.5 + 20log (7.794) + 20log D
Antenna Diameter (d)= 10^((44.02488901-7.5-(20*log(7.794)))/20)
D = 8.599714811ft
Note: Antenna chosen is 10 ft.
REVERSE CALCULATION
Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log F (GHz) + 20 log d (ft)
Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log (7.794) + 20log 10
Total Antenna Gain = Antenna Gain * 2
Total Antenna Gain = 45.33520803 * 2
Receiver Signal Level = Pt + Total Antenna Gain Total Losses
Receiver Signal Level = 32 + 90.90948101 151.049778
Receiver Signal Level = -28.37936197dB
Fade Margin = Receiver Signal Level Receiver Threshold
Fade Margin = -28.37936197+ 69
Fade Margin = 40.62063803dB
Undp = 1.25x10^-6 x a x b x f^1.5 x D^3 x 10^(-FM/10)
a= (for mountainous, very rough or very dry)
b= 1/8 (mountainous or very dry)
Undp = 1.25x10^-6 x x 1/8 x 7.794^1.5 x (47x0.621371)^3 x 10^(-38/10)
Undp = 3.35542E-06
23
Reliability = (1 - Undp)*100%
Reliability = (1 3.35542E-06)*100%
Reliability = 99.99966446%
R TO A
Reliability (%)
Fade Margin (dB)
Radome Loss (dB)
Connector Loss (dB)
32
-69
99.99
38
6.1
0.2
0.08593835
0.5
Frequency (GHz)
8.206
Distance (km)
47
5.67
Antenna Height, R (m)
55
Antenna height, A (m)
30

RSL = -31 dB
FSL = 144.1245874dB
Total Waveguide Loss = Waveguide Loss * (Antenna Height A + Antenna Height R+ 2*Allowance) / 100
Total Waveguide Loss = 5.51124 dB
Total Connector Loss = Connector loss per site * 4
Total Connector Loss = 0.3437534dB
24

Antenna Diameter (d)= 10^(( Individual Antenna Gain (dB)-7.5-(20*log(f GHz)))/20)
D = 8.324497125 ft
REVERSE CALCULATION
Total Antenna Gain = 91.56526051dB
Receiver Signal Level = -27.81432031 dB
Fade Margin = 41.18567969 dB
Undp = 3.62497E-06
25
B TO R
Reliability (%)
Fade Margin (dB)
Radome Loss (dB)
Connector Loss (dB)
32
-69
99.99
38
6.1
0.2
0.085217956
Frequency (GHz)
Distance (km)
Antenna Height, B (m)
8.069
40
5.73
115
145

RSL = -31 dB
FSL = 142.5775941 dB
Total Waveguide Loss = Waveguide Loss * (Antenna Height B + Antenna Height R+ 2*Allowance) / 100
Total Connector Loss = 0.340871823 dB
26

D = 13.8378441 ft
REVERSE CALCULATION
Antenna Gain = 49.1582194 9dB
Total Antenna Gain = 98.31643898dB
Undp = 2.17883E-06
27
R TO B
Reliability (%)
Fade Margin (dB)
Radome Loss (dB)
Connector Loss (dB)
32
-69
99.99
38
6.1
0.2
0.084486094
0.5
Connector Loss (dB)

0.084486094
Frequency (GHz)
7.931
Distance (km)
40
5.76
Antenna Height, B (m)
145
115

RSL = -31 dB
FSL = 142.4277588 dB
Total Waveguide Loss = Waveguide Loss * (Antenna Height B + Antenna Height R+ 2*Allowance) / 100
Total Connector Loss = 0.337944374 dB
28

D = 14.02111754 ft
REVERSE CALCULATION
Undp = 2.12317E-06
29
Azimuth
A to R / R to A
Degrees ()
Minutes (')
Seconds ('')
R to B / B to R
Degrees ()
Minutes (')
Seconds ('')
San Clemente, Tarlac

Bamban, Tarlac
Latitude
Longitude
Latitude Longitude
15
120
15
120
37
15
15
28
54.38
52.5
30
11.3
15.63177222 120.2645833 15.25833 120.4698056
Bamban, Tarlac
Subic, Zambales
Latitude
Longitude
Latitude Longitude
15
120
14
120
15
28
55
22
30
11.3
0
9.4
15.25833333 120.4698056 14.91667 120.3692778
The coordinates can be represented in circular triangles:
AR
BR
a
RA
RB
The shape of the triangle and the placement of the sides are dependent on the placement of the antennas with
respect to north.
Next, we obtain both a and b for each triangle by subtracting the longitude and latitudes of the antennas.
A to R / R to A
a
b
0.205222222 0.373438889
B to R / R to B
a
-0.10052778
b
0.341666667
30
We now compute for the angles (in degrees) of AR, RA, RB and BR. This is done by the formula:
A to R / R to A
AR
RA
28.79113765 61.20953114
B to R / R to B
RB
BR
-16.3954485 -73.60485121
However, these angles are not the true bearings of each antenna. The angles should be in reference with the
true north. Thus, we subtract or complement the angle with respect to the north in a clockwise direction.
The outer angle AR and RB are the true bearing of antennas A and R respectively. Thus we subtract the angle
from 180 degrees to get the azimuth:
AR = 180 - 28.79113765
RB= 180- (-16.3954485)
Thus, the Azimuth from true north of AR and RB are as follows:
AR
In Deg/Min/Sec format
151 12' 31.904"
151.2089
RB
196.3954
196 23' 43.615"
Similarly, we get the outer angle of RA and BR by adding 270 degrees to get the azimuth:
RA=270+61.20953114
BR=270+(-73.60485121)
Thus, the Azimuth from true north of RA and BR are as follows:
RA
331.2095
331 12' 34.312"
BR
196.3951
196 23' 42.536"
31
PATH DATA CALCULATION SHEETS
Antenna (A) to Repeater (R) PATH DATA CALCULATION SHEET

COMPANY: LUPS TELECOMS
TRANSMITTER SITE: San Clemente, Tarlac
RECEIVER SITE: Bamban, Tarlac
OPERATING FREQUENCY: 7.794 GHz
Site
Antenna Azimuth
Antenna Diameter (m)
Antenna Gain (dB)
Tower Height (m)
FSL (dB)
Connector Loss (dB)
Radome Loss (dB)
Waveguide Loss (dB/100m)
Waveguide Type
Total Loss (dB)
Transmitter Power (dBm)
RSL (dBm)
Fade Margin (dB)
Reliability (%)
Non-Diversity Probability Outage (UndP)
PROJECT NAME: LUPS MICROWAVE RELAY STATION

LAT: 15 3754.38 LONG: 120 15 52.5
LAT: 15 15 30
LONG: 120 28 11.3
PROJECT ENGINEER: Edmund C. Lupena
A
151 12' 31.904"
3.048
45.3352
30
Repeater
331 12' 34.312"
3.048
45.3352
55
143.6772
0.5
0.5
0.335
0.335
0.4
0.4
5.8
5.8
Standard Elliptical Waveguide
6.1
6.1
151.0498
32
-28.3794
40.6206
99.99966
3.35542E-06
32
Repeater (R) to Antenna (B) PATH DATA CALCULATION SHEET

TRANSMITTER SITE: Bamban, Tarlac
RECEIVER SITE: Subic, Zambales
Site
Antenna Azimuth
Antenna Gain (dB)
Tower Height (m)
FSL (dB)
Connector Loss (dB)
Radome Loss (dB)
Waveguide Type
Total Loss (dB)
RSL (dBm)
Fade Margin (dB)
Reliability (%)

LAT: 15 15 30
LONG: 120 28 11.3
LAT: 14 55 00
LONG: 120 22 9.4
Repeater
B
196 23' 43.615"
196 23' 42.536"
4.572
4.572
49.0084
49.0084
145
115
142.4278
0.5
0.5
0.3379
0.3379
0.4
0.4
5.76
5.76
6.1
6.1
159.8444
32
-29.8277
39.1723
99.99979
2.12317E-06
33
Antenna (B) to Repeater (R) PATH DATA CALCULATION SHEET

TRANSMITTER SITE: Subic, Zambales
RECEIVER SITE: Bamban, Tarlac
Site
Antenna Azimuth
Antenna Gain (dB)
Tower Height (m)
FSL (dB)
Connector Loss (dB)
Radome Loss (dB)
Waveguide Type
Total Loss (dB)
RSL (dBm)
Fade Margin (dB)
Reliability (%)

LAT: 14 55 00
LONG: 120 22 9.4
LAT: 15 15 30
LONG: 120 28 11.3
B
Repeater
196 23' 42.536"
196 23' 43.615"
4.572
4.572
49.1582
49.1582
115
145
142.5776
0.5
0.5
0.3409
0.3409
0.4
0.4
5.73
5.73
6.1
6.1
159.9155
32
-29.5991
39.4009
99.99978
2.17883E-06
34
Repeater (R) to Antenna (A) PATH DATA CALCULATION SHEET

TRANSMITTER SITE: Bamban, Tarlac
RECEIVER SITE: San Clemente, Tarlac
Site
Antenna Azimuth
Antenna Gain (dB)
Tower Height (m)
FSL (dB)
Connector Loss (dB)
Radome Loss (dB)
Waveguide Type
Total Loss (dB)
RSL (dBm)
Fade Margin (dB)
Reliability (%)

LAT: 15 15 30
LONG: 120 28 11.3
LAT: 15 3754.38 LONG: 120 15 52.5
Repeater
331 12' 34.312
3.048
45.7826
55
A
151 12' 31.904"
3.048
45.7826
30
144.1246
0.5
0.5
0.3438
0.3438
0.4
0.4
5.67
5.67
6.1
6.1
151.3796
32
-27.8143
41.1857
99.99964
3.62497E-06
35
CONCLUSION
When designing a microwave system, we must consider various factors for it to be in full
operation. We must first consider the location of the sites. We must place the microwave link in an
area where we can give service to many subscribers. We should also note if the area is accessible by
road, if there are power sources and telephone facilities. After choosing the area, path profiling must
be conducted to check if there will be a line of sight or if there are obstructions present and possible
obstructions. This is done to find out how high the antenna towers must be and if there will be a need
to use a repeater. We must also consider the terrain in between the sites to check if there will be
reflections.
After the path profiling, we must find out if the proposed sites have high reliability. For its
reliability, we must consider the operating frequency to be used, the transmitter power, net losses and
the antenna gain. Another factor to be put into consideration is that if the equipment to be used is
available in the market to be able to recalculate the transmission values and the final reliability.
Overall, all of the requirements of this design of a Microwave Antenna System are met and the
system can be considered reliable.

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1

Antenna A to Antenna B Distance

Antenna A Location: San Clemente, Tarlac

To determine the operating frequency per channel:

f=7.725 x Bw/4 x (4 - 1/2)

For Return links fbr & fra:

f=8 x Bw/4 x (4 - 1/2)

PATH PROFILE DATA

Earth Bulge = d1xd2/12.75k where k=4/3

First Fresnel (F1) =

Total Elevation = Elevation+EB+(.6xF1)+Allowance

Antenna (A) to Repeater (R) Path Profile Data Sheet

Highlighted Row is the position of the Reflection Point

Tower A Height/Repeater Tower Height & Reflection Point Calculation

Therefore Refelection Point is at km35 Elev=220m

Antenna (A) to Repeater Path Profile

Repeater (R) to Antenna (A) Path Profile Data Sheet

Highlighted Row is the position of the Reflection Point

Repeater Tower Height/Tower A Height & Reflection Point Calculation

Therefore Refelection Point is at km12 Elev=220m

Repeater to Antenna (A) Path Profile

Antenna (B) to Repeater (R) Path Profile Data Sheet

Highlighted Row is the position of the Reflection Point

Tower B Height/Repeater Tower Height & Reflection Point Calculation

Therefore Refelection Point is at km32 Elev=440m

Antenna (B) to Repeater Path Profile

Repeater (R) to Antenna (B) Path Profile Data Sheet

Highlighted Row is the position of the Reflection Point

Repeater Tower Height/Tower B Height & Reflection Point Calculation

Therefore Refelection Point is at km8 Elev=440m

Antenna (B) to Repeater Path Profile

Transmitter Output Power, Pt (dBm)

Receiver Signal level (RSL) = FM + Receiver Threshold

Total Losses = FSL + WG loss + Connector Loss + Radome Loss

Receiver Signal level (RSL) = FM + Receiver Threshold

Total Antenna Gain = RSL Pt + Total Losses

Connector Loss (dB) from specification sheet = 0.03*sqrt(F GHz)

Receiver Signal level (RSL) = FM + Receiver Threshold

Antenna Diameter (d):

Connector Loss (dB)

Receiver Signal level (RSL) = FM + Receiver Threshold

Individual Antenna Gain = Total Antenna Gain / 2

San Clemente, Tarlac

The coordinates can be represented in circular triangles:

PATH DATA CALCULATION SHEETS

Antenna (A) to Repeater (R) PATH DATA CALCULATION SHEET

PROJECT NAME: LUPS MICROWAVE RELAY STATION

Repeater (R) to Antenna (B) PATH DATA CALCULATION SHEET

PROJECT NAME: LUPS MICROWAVE RELAY STATION

Antenna (B) to Repeater (R) PATH DATA CALCULATION SHEET

PROJECT NAME: LUPS MICROWAVE RELAY STATION

Repeater (R) to Antenna (A) PATH DATA CALCULATION SHEET

PROJECT NAME: LUPS MICROWAVE RELAY STATION

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