CSPC

Basic Information

Power Generation & Evacuation

Transmission &Distribution

Networks / Distribution

Radial / Ring Main

Ring Main S stem

!usbars

E""ects o" Electrical "aults

Risk to Life electrical shock. Fire Damage to Network /Equipment ll cause !ower "utages.

Electrical #aults

S$ort Circuit #aults

S$ort circuit "aults

Electrical #aults
#hort $ircuit faults . "pen circuit faults where one or two phases ma% get open circuite&' terme& #ingle !hasing. Earth faults. Faults arising from a(normal s%stem / loa& parameter

T %es o" #aults

T %es o" #aults

cti)e Faults *ea)% Fault currents cause& (% complete (reak&own of the insulation.

+hese faults must (e cleare& as quickl% as possi(le since the% can cause consi&era(le &amage/ Fire. Incipient Faults on the other han& starts slowl% sa% like !artial &ischarge' corona gra&uall% increasing in se)erit% if not checke&.

T %es o" "aults

T$ese can be gradual "ailure o" insulation due to stress or aging& 'ig$ resistance %oints / contacts (rcing /S%arking due to loose connections& Tracking on insulators due to Pollution

Passive "aults

T %es o" "aults

Magnitude o" t$e #aults

Electrical #aults

Transient #aults

#ault (nal sis

The Key idea of Symmetrical component analysis is to decompose the fault current into 3 sequences Positive / Negative & Zero

#ault (nal sis

The Key idea of Symmetrical component analysis is to decompose the fault current into 3 sequences Positive / Negative & Zero

Negative Se)uence

*ero se)uence

#ault (nal sis

#ault (nal sis

#ault (nal sis

Passive "aults

Passive "aults

S stem #aults

+oad S$edding

Networks
,

Networks
,

Protection Rela s

"(tains actual information

Compares & analyses with Normal Parameters

,i)es the control $omman&.

Protection Rela s
ntrol nnunciation
#ingle . -ulti function None . Built in E/ternal . Built in E/ternal . Built0in DI / D" 1 I / " $ommunication (us E/ternal . Built in

E)ent / Distur(ance Rec E/ternal . Built in Real time clock utomation Remote $ontrol -easurements

Driving Technology Advancement

Induction Re la y

Ele c trome cha nica l

Single Function Expensive Many relays needed

Dig ita l Re la y

Single Function Reduced Cost Many required

Micro- Proce s s or
Multifunction relay Fe relays needed

Multiple - P roce s s or

Convergence ! More than "ust protection #ntegrated $ide Area Control #ntegrated Communications

Modern ,EDs

CT PT Inputs Digital Inputs Analog Inputs GPRS Inputs Aux Power PC Interface

Local Displa%

Trip / Alarms Digital Outputs Analog outputs Communication bus ocal PC Control Remote Diagnostics

-ulti processor 2nit

Programmabilit
Digital Rela%s *a)e3
! !rogramma(le Inputs ! !rogramma(le "utputs 4 L R- 5 +RI!6 ! !rogramma(le Logic ! Boolean Logic 0 ND' "R' N"+ Logic ! !rogramma(le +ime $urrent $ur)es

-ave"orm Ca%turing
,ncluding !ar Plotting o" .nit /%eration

Metering
7.89 0 9: ccurac% on I 5 ; +%pical ;alues
Current "oltage #atts$ "ars$ P% %re&uenc' (#)$ ("ar) P)ase Angles *in + *ax "alues wit) Date + Time Stamp ,armonic "alues of I S'mmetrical Components Operation Counters -rea(er Position

$an Be ccesse& Locall% or Remotel% #ome Rela%s *a)e nalog "utputs !roportional to -etering ;alues
4i.e. 70<m 6

/t$er Monitoring
Breaker *ealth -onitoring
! $umulati)e I8+ or I+ ! cti)ate larm t #et Le)el

Deman& Inter)al Reporting

! <9' =7' >7 -inute Inter)als o)er #e)eral Da%s ! I' ?atts' ;ars' ; ' !F

!eak ;alues Recor&e&

! Date 5 +ime #tampe&

+rip 5 $lose $oil -onitor Fault Location 5 Fault Reporting

Se)uence /" Events Recording

E)ents #tore& with Date 5 +ime3
! larms ! $ontact "perations ! Logins 5 Logouts ! ?a)eform $aptures ! Remote "perations ! Resets ! #etting $hanges

Last <770<777 E)ents #tore&

Settings
Easier +han Electromechanical/#tatic Fle/i(le settings Rela%s *a)e -ultiple #etting ,roups
! $an (e #witche& with Input $ontacts or Remotel%

#ettings re #tore& in Files an& Down Loa&e& to Rela% with !$ Eas% to $op% E/isting #etting Files an& -o&if% ccurate Implementation of #ettings
! No ")ertra)el ! No Large Drifts in #et !oints

#election of Reset +imes

! Fast 4Digital6 or #low 4Electromechanical6

+ocal Communications
+hru @e%pa&' 2p' Down rrows'
Local LED Displa% Reset @e%/Button LED +argets !asswor& !rotection
UP

Enter/#elect @e%s or R#8=8 !ort on Rela%

P)ase A P)ase P)ase C Alarm ./

DN

ENTER

Remote Communications
+hru Rear R#8=8 or R#AB9 !ort 2sing #tan&ar&
-o&em #oftware or Rela% -anufacturerCs $ommunication #oftware

!asswor& !rotection <7-(ps Ethernet $onnections 0 ?ire or Fi(er -ultiple !rotocol #upport 4DN!=.7' -o&(us R+2'
De)icenet' !rofi(us' an& IE$ ><B976

DS or Telep)one *o2em *o2em

R0 A1

#u(station $ommunications 0 L N 5 ? N

Sensors 0 Current Trans"ormers

Current Trans"ormers

Current Trans"ormers

Current Trans"ormers

Current Trans"ormers

Current Trans"ormers

T %es o" CTs

T %es o" CTs

T %es o" CTs

Protection Rela s

T$ank ou