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Mdec Conference 2012

Electric Loaders Is this a new concept?

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Why are electric loaders becoming more attractive?

What are the drivers?

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Energy Costs

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Source: Mc Kinsey
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Source: Mc Kinsey
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Fuel Costs
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LHD fuel cost comparison

Electric vs. Diesel
Electric LH514E 177 65% 0.161002 $18.52 $64,831 $1.20 $39.77 $139,211 CAD Diesel LH514 256 50% 217 Remarks

LHD model Nominal output (kW) Average load (%) Nominal fuel consumption (g / kWh) Cost of electricity (CAD / kWh) Cost of diesel fuel (CAD / litre) Fuel cost (CAD / hr) Fuel cost per year
Based on 3500 operating hours per year

typical (depends on the mine application) @100% engine load estimated hydro cost

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Ventilation Costs

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Study performed in a number of underground Gold Mines

Source: Barrick Gold

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Why Ventilate?
Diesel Loader Electric Loader YES Not Required YES Not Required YES Not Required YES YES YES YES

Remove diesel particulate Remove gases (NO2, CO2, etc) Remove heat / cool air Remove Dust Remove gases

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Ventilation Cost Comparison Electric vs. Diesel

tario D model minal output (kW) quired Ventilation ntilation Cost per hr ntilation Cost per year
ed on 3500 operating hours per year

Electric LH514E 177 0 $0

Diesel LH514 256 34330 $49,04 $171 648

Remarks

CFM (100 CFM per HP) CAD CAD

ANMET D model minal output (kW) quired Ventilation ntilation Cost per hr ntilation Cost per year
ed on 3500 operating hours per year

Electric LH514E 177 0 $0

Diesel LH514 256 20500 $29,29 $102 500

Remarks

CFM (per CANMET test) CAD CAD

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Heat balance calculation

Example

Diesel LHD (kW)

Electric LHD (kW)

Remarks Same performance at lower output due to electric motor torque characteristics

Engine/Motor output

243

177

Thermal Efficiency Heat dissipated from the prime mover (kW) Drivetrain losses (kW) Total heat dissipation Ratio

32 % 516 97,2 614 5,8

95 % 9 97,2 107 1 Includes complete powertrain plus hydraulic system

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Maintenance Costs

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Maintenance Comparison Electric vs Diesel

Diesel
Fuel each shift Engine Oil Air Cleaner Emissions checks Exhaust temperature Engine radiator Charge Air cooler Engine maintenance

Electric
Electrical cable Cable Reel Electrical Panel

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Electric LHD Productivity Due to Reduced Service Needs Calculations

Basic information One way tramming distance (m) Effective working time (hour per shift) Shifts per day Price of ore (USD/ ton) Ore grade (%) LHD Capacity (ton) Fill factor % Bucket Load (ton) Speed (Km / hour ) Loading time (S) Cycle time (S) Buckets / Hour Tons per day Value of bucket / USD Value of ore / day Value of additional ore per day USD 14 tonne E 200 m 7,60 3 7 400$ 0,80 14 85 12 7 5,50 257 14 3 900 710$ 228 400$ 31 500$ 14 tonne D 200 m 6,60 3 7 400$ 0,80 14 85 12 7 5,50 257 14 3 300 710$ 196 900$ Due to refueling and added service of diesel engine Remarks

Value of additional ore per 300 days USD 9 437 000$

Maintenance Comparison Electric vs Diesel

Maintenance cost

Relative Factor M aintenance Cost per year

Electric 73 $115 068

Diesel 84 $100 000

Remarks CAD

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Safety / Ergonomics Electric vs Diesel

no emissions with electric NOISE. Electric 72 dB, Diesel 76 dB heat factor electric adds reduced heat to environment, and operator is not working within close proximity to loud / hot diesel engine responsiveness no diesel lag with electric. Response time is improved with electric loader

Summary cost comparison

Fuel cost per year entilation Cost per year tenance Cost per year Total

Electric $64 831 $0 $115 068 $179 900

Diesel $139 211 $171 648 $100 000 $410 859

Remarks

CAD

ngs per year with Electric Loader

$230

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Other Factors to Consider

Mine layout cannot drive over cables tramming distance maximum distance 300 meters moving around the mine bucket mounted generator? how much production time is currently lost for:
fueling engine maintenance handling fuel and lubricants for diesel PMs? (with no engine electric loader PM interval increases) changing engine air filters working at less than 100% engine performance because of dirty filters, faulty injectors, dirty fuel, etc.

www.sandvik.com

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