Advanced Video Troubleshooting

Welcome - Getting Started
This document contains information about the Advanced Video Troubleshooting. This 60-minute module will reinforce basic troubleshooting theory using video hardware and software examples, and review some of the challenges unique to video issues. RTS Dates: Americas - 03/12/2007
Departments:
Dell International Services
Authors:
Heath Huff
Contributing Sources:
Eileen Hughes Laurence May Lee Bruns Bobbie Mattord Sue Ann Kendall Gregory Wilson Chelsea Paul Philip Cole
Contacting Dell: To contact Dell regarding issues with this training material, click the following link: Feedback .
Information in this document is subject to change without notice. October 2006 Dell Inc. All rights reserved. Rev. A00
Reproduction in any manner whatsoever without the written permission of Dell Inc. is strictly forbidden. Trademarks used in this text: Dell, the DELL logo, and Dimension are trademarks of Dell Inc.; Intel, Pentium, and Celeron are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation; Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation; AMD, Opteron, and PowerNow! are registered trademarks of AMD Corporation.
Other trademarks and trade names may be used in this document to refer to either the entities claiming the marks and names or their products. Dell Inc. disclaims any proprietary interest in trademarks and trade names other than its own.
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Advanced Video Troubleshooting
For Dell Employees Only
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Welcome - Getting Started
This document is Dell Confidential
Using this Material

The following sections provide information to help you effectively use this training material.
Navigating the Material

To navigate through this course, select topics using either the left navigation menu or the Previous/Next buttons at the top right corner of each page. This course is designed to be completed in the order in which the topics are presented. However, refresher training can be accomplished in any desired order.
Important Symbols
The following symbols are used to emphasize important notations in this material: A NOTE indicates important information that helps you make better use of your computer. A WARNING indicates either potential damage to hardware or loss of data and tells you how to avoid the problem. A CAUTION indicates a potential for property damage, personal injury, or death.
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Additional Required Software

Adobe Acrobat (.pdf) files require Acrobat Reader. You can download Acrobat Reader and get . additional information from Adobe's website: http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/
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Using this Material
Document Introduction
Goal
This module is a review of troubleshooting theory using video hardware and software examples along with reminders of challenges unique to video issues. TIME: This module requires 60 minutes.
Objectives
Given the information from this course and available tools, you will be able to:
Match the symptoms of customer issues with their potential causes. Your answers will match the Respond to customer inquiries about video performance with a plan to diagnose the issue and Research the technical specifications and self-diagnostics for a given display. Your answers will Accurately describe to an example customer the steps required to isolate hardware points of failure
in the video subsystem. Your answers will match the guide. match the guide. educate the customer. Your answers will match the guide. guide.
Troubleshoot and resolve a "No Video" situation. Your answers will match the guide. Use your available resources to create a troubleshooting plan for a customer issue, identify the
steps in the plan that will be the most difficult for the customer, and predict the potential cause of an issue based on the customer's issue description. Your answers will match the guide.
Whats in It for Me?

The ability to troubleshoot effectively and efficiently is a valuable skill for a resolution expert--your success depends on it. In addition, this material will be included in the practical and written exams that are part of the requirements for becoming an Advanced Resolution Expert.
About Scope
The content of this training is informative in nature only and may contain information about technical issues that is beyond the scope of support for your team. This training is not intended to reflect any support boundaries. Refer to DSN to ensure that you are following proper guidelines for support.
Required Materials
Access to the Internet and Dell intranet Workstations with speakers and/or headphones
Prerequisites
Before starting this training, all participants should have:
Completed CTS New Hire training Received ARE training approval

If you have not fulfilled these requirements, you may not be able to successfully complete this module.
Special Note to Our Outsource Partners

As a Dell outsourcer, you have agreed to deliver on certain critical metrics. To provide you with every opportunity to meet or exceed these metrics, we have agreed to share
some best practices with you, developed by Dell and its consultants. This training module reflects these best practices. These best practices are Proprietary and clearly marked as Dell Confidential. They cannot be shared with other third parties without Dell's express written permission. You are free to use these best practices from Dell or any other equal or better practices so long as you meet or exceed the required metrics.
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Document Introduction
Challenges
Video issues involve some unique challenges. In addition to the hardware and software involved, you have the customers perception, expectations, environment, and equipment limitations to deal with. Keep the following issues in mind as you diagnose video issues.
LCD Example
Perception
Is the subsystem flawed or failing? Or does the customer perceive it to be performing poorly even though it's operating fine? What exactly does vibrant mean? How do you describe it? How bright is bright? Each customer's perception depends on their frame of reference. The same display might appear painfully bright and clear in a dim bedroom, normal-to-dim in an office full of harsh fluorescent light, and washed-out or black under the afternoon sun. Keep in mind the customer's point of view when dealing with their visual issue.
Environment
Certain environments have a direct impact on performance. Older Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) monitors are susceptible to magnetic fields in their area, like those emitted by pencil sharpeners, large speakers, and even electric fans. Newer LCDs and flat panels are more fragile, and not suitable for rugged environments like warehouses. Jostling and other impacts can cause "dead" pixels, or dots on the monitor that no longer respond to display commands.
Limitations
Some graphics cards and displays are not powerful enough to display certain programs at their optimum level or resolution (especially high-end games and video playback applications). Customers may not understand or be unaware of the limitations of their graphics adapter. Simply upgrading the processor and RAM are not always enough. The video equipment may be fully functional, but just not up to the task of displaying or refreshing the customer's advanced application at that resolution, refresh rate, or other performance level.
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Challenges
Symptoms and Causes

Match the symptom on the left with the most likely cause on the right. Symptom Cause
There are spiderweb lines on the customer's screen.
??? Limited Viewing Angle
When the customer plays some games, images linger on the screen after they should have disappeared. A notebook's integrated display works just fine, but an external display appears dim. The image on a customer's flat panel appears dim, despite their efforts to brighten it. A customer claims that their 19-inch CRT monitor does not have a 19-inch screen. A customer tried to increase the size of the image on their flat panel, and now the image appears distorted. A customer complains that only a person sitting right in front of their notebook can see the display.
???
Brightness/Contrast Set Too Low
??? Backlight Not Working ??? Screen is Damaged ???
Not Set to Optimum Resolution
??? Poor Response Time ???
Actual Viewing Area vs. Display Size
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Symptoms and Causes
Video Hardware
Graphics Card
A graphics card is an expansion board that allows a computer to manipulate and display images. Some machines will have a graphics adapter integrated onto their system boards, but most users will have some form of expansion card installed in their systems.
Example Video Card High-end video cards like the one pictured are required for maximum resolution and performance support during video playback and gaming. Knowing whether or not your customer is satisfied with integrated video capability or purchased a high-end graphics accelerator gives you an idea of what kind of customer you're working with and what sort of applications they're running on their system.
Cables and Connections

The central connection lies between the video card and the display.
Example DVI Cable Depending on the equipment involved, your customer may employ a VGA, S-Video, DVI, or HDMI cable to make this connection. Video cards often support more than one type of cable/output connection, and your customer may have more than one display attached to their system.
Docking Station (Portables)
As more consumers choose notebooks and other mobile PCs as their primary personal computing option, docking stations and other port replicators will become more prevalent.
Example Notebook Docking Station Docking stations allow customers to set up a full size keyboard, mouse, monitor, or other peripherals on a desk at home or in the office for use with their notebook computer. All peripherals are plugged into the docking station, so that a customer can simply dock their notebook in the morning and work as they would on a desktop PC, then disconnect the notebook from the dock and take it with them when they travel. This means you'll have an extra set of connections to troubleshoot when diagnosing video issues for customers who use a portable with a docking station.
Flat Panel LCD or Other Displays

Displays themselves are fairly simple to install and configure. They have a cable and some accompanying drivers/software just like any other peripheral. Your customers may employ a CRT monitor (usually using a VGA cable) or a newer flat panel LCD display (usually using a DVI/HDMI cable). Customers who use their PCs to control their home entertainment center may also have a television attached to their graphics card. Usually the settings associated with the display are more important than the display itself. It's fairly easy to tell if a display is broken, but more difficult to tell which setting needs to be adjusted. Some physical aspects of the display directly affect those settings.
Size and Shape

A displays screen size is measured diagonally--a 19-inch screen measures 19 inches from corner to corner.
How Display Size is Measured Older CRT monitors required heavy plastic cases to protect internal tubes. Consequently their size was not the same as their viewable area. Newer flat panel LCDs do not require the amount of protective casing and have more accurate size to viewing area comparisons. High-end flat panels usually have a specific resolution for which they are optimized. Usually the larger the screen, the higher the resolution. Customers need to make sure their graphics card supports their monitor's optimum resolution. The shape of the display also affects the use of some software applications. Most displays are either what's considered a normal size or wide screen. Wide screen means that the screen is much wider than it is tall. The shape of the display is associated with its aspect ratio.
Aspect Ratio
The aspect ratio of a display is the ratio of its width, or rows of pixels, to its height, or columns of pixels.
Aspect Ratio This ratio is typically 4:3. Some displays support different aspect ratios such as 5:4 and 16:10. 16:9 and 16:10 are considered wide screen. Televisions and TV shows are typically shot on film with a 4:3 aspect ratio. Movies are shot at 16:9 or 16:10 (wide screen). Depending on how the customer is using the system and display, not all the viewing area will be used by the software application. Depending on the program, full-screen mode may distort the image. It may be necessary to educate your customers on the difference between the aspect ratio of their monitor and the aspect ratio output by the software or file they are viewing.
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Video Hardware
Mrs. Norman's Inquiry

Mrs. Norman is complaining about the color on her new display. She says it doesn't look as good as it was supposed to when she bought it. How will you respond? In the space provided type a plan of action to address Mrs. Norman's inquiry.
Click here to reveal a sample answer. Question to Consider: Q: Check DSN for an applicable article to Mrs. Norman's question. What do you find? A: Click here to reveal the answer.
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Mrs. Norman's Inquiry
Display Settings
When discussing displays, it's important to differentiate between characteristics and settings. Characteristics are static, whereas settings can be adjusted. The size, shape, native resolution, and aspect ratio of a display are characteristics.
Other Characteristics
Response Time
Response time refers to the amount of time it takes an LCD to turn a pixel on or off. When a pixel is directed to turn off, it remains lit for a short time, leading to a faint after-image on the display. This is called ghosting. A short response time is important when running graphics-intensive applications or games to avoid ghosting.
Color Depth
Color depth is the number of distinct colors a device can display. You may see color depth called bit depth because the number of bits used to represent each pixel directly determines color depth. For example, a 24bit graphics card has a color depth of 2 to the 24th power (@16.7 million colors). You would say that card's color depth was 24 bits or 24 bpp (bits/pixel).
Contrast Ratio
The contrast ratio is the luminosity of the brightest color compared to the darkest color the display is able to produce. It's the whitest white a monitor can display vs. the blackest black. Contrast ratio can be used as a general indicator of color quality--the higher the better.
Brightness
The brightness that a display is capable of depends largely on its backlight, and is measured in candela/square meter. If you see a monitor rated at 400 cd/m2, the manufacturer is advertising that the monitor is capable of outputting 400 candela of light per square meter of its surface. Whether or not brighter is better is really up to the user. Keep in mind there is also a brightness setting that can be adjusted.
Pixel Pitch
Pixel pitch (also called dot pitch) is the diagonal distance between like-colored pixels on a display. Usually measured in milimeters, pixel pitch is an excellent indicator of display quality and crispness. The lower, the better.
Settings
All displays have some sort of on-screen display (OSD) that allows you adjust viewing/display options and settings. Typically the OSD is accessed via buttons or dials on the display itself and can be used to alter the brightness, contrast, color warmth, horizontal and vertical positioning, etc. OSD menu contents will vary slightly by manufacturer.
Brightness
Just because a display is capable of outputting 400 cd/m2 doesn't mean that each user wants it that bright all the time. Customers can use the OSD to raise and lower the brightness level of their display to suit their preferences.
Contrast
Contrast can be adjusted in the same way. Customers can adjust the contrast to a level that suits them using the OSD. Unlike contrast ratio, which is a characteristic that helps indicate color quality, contrast is an adjustable setting and subject to a customer's preference.
Sharpness
Customers can also choose to artificially enhance the edge contrast of the images they see with the sharpness setting. Increasing the sharpness increases the apparent clarity of the edge of each onscreen shape. This too, is governed by each user's preference.
Positioning
Positioning is the location of the actual image on the screen. Customers can move the image left, right, up, or down to center it to their liking. The need to reposition the image arose more frequently when CRTs were more prevalent, due to the importance the alignment of internal components played in the onscreen image.
Color Presets
All display images are combinations of red, green, and blue in varying levels. Most displays provide some sort of color controls so that each customer can adjust the color levels to the desired settings. For more information about the individual monitor you're dealing with, visit the manufacturer's website or the product training pages .
Windows Controls
Windows also provides some display controls.
Display Properties From the Settings tab, customers can set their preferred color quality and resolution, as well as take a look at their graphics card's settings and capabilities.
Viewing Angle
Most customers know at what height and angle they are most comfortable viewing their display. It's still useful to remember that LCDs are not as bright or clear when viewed from extreme angles (vertically or horizontally).
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Display Settings
Research Your Display
Locate the make and model of your monitor at your workstation. In the space provided, type the technical specifications for your monitor (size, shape, aspect ratio, response time, color depth, etc.) and the steps to run the monitor's self test.
Click here to reveal an example answer. Monitor/Display Type: Dell 1702FP Color Monitor
Screen Size:
17 inches (17-inch viewable image)
Screen Type:
TFT LCD
Pixel Pitch:
0.264 mm
Brightness/Luminance Output:
2 2 200 CD/m average, 170 CD/m minimum
Contrast Ratio:
350 to 1 average, 250 to 1 minimum
Optimum Resolution:
1280 x 1024 at 60 hz
Steps to Launch Self Test:
1. Turn off the computer and monitor. 2. Unplug the video cable(s) from the back of the computer. 3. Turn on the monitor. 4. The floating "Dell: Self Test Feature Check" dialog should appear on the screen, provided the monitor cannot detect a video signal and is working correctly. The LED remains green and the pattern will continually scroll.
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Research Your Display
Hardware POFs
Some video issues occur before Windows even gets a chance to load. This section will examine the hardware points of failure in the video subsystem that cause those issues, as well as some application behavior issues that occur after startup. The following table lists the physical video components on the left and corresponding isolation tests on the right. Point of Failure Isolation Tests
System Power Source
Try a known good power outlet. Remove any power strips or surge protectors (replace them after you eliminate them as potential causes).
Display Power Cord
Swap with the computer power cord (usually compatible) or other known good alternative. Reseat the cord on both sides.
Display Data Cord
Swap with a known good alternative. Reseat the cable in the correct port--make sure it's connected to the correct graphics card port.
Display
Swap the display with a known good display that uses the same connection type, if possible. Test both the display in question on another system and another display on the current system. Use the display's self test and OSD to determine if it can display basic video. Verify that the display's recommended settings are all correct in Windows.
Grahpics Power Cable
Reseat the graphics card's cable to the power supply. Swap with a known good alternative, if possible.
Graphics Card Cable
Reseat the graphics card's cable to the main system board. Swap with a known good alternative, if possible, and try a different port, if available.
Graphics Card
The best way to determine if the graphics card is the problem is to eliminate all other components. Make sure the card is supported and plugged into the proper port on the main system board. Make sure that all accompanying software and drivers have been properly installed.
Difficult to isolate. Typically, problems with the main board will appear before or during POST. If this is the case, continue with NPNV troubleshooting. If you suspect the port Main System Board on the main system board to be the problem, try the graphics card in another system if possible.
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Hardware POFs
Mr. Taylor's Scenario

Mr. Taylor has an Inspiron E1505 notebook with a flickering, blinking video. Your troubleshooting determines that the system is not docked, is plugged into a valid external power source, and has been rebooted. This occurs during Windows operation and during the startup routine. As you eliminate hardware points of failure, you need to make sure the LCD is firmly connected to the main board. In the space provided, create instructions explaining to Mr. Taylor how to check that his LCD is connected properly.
Click here to reveal an example answer. Question 1: Q: What DSN article or tree did you use to help you troubleshoot Mr. Taylor's issue? A: Click here to reveal the answer.
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Mr. Taylor's Scenario
Software POFs
Video Drivers
Like other peripherals, graphics cards and other video hardware require drivers. During troubleshooting, make sure that all software utilities and drivers that came with a customer's video card are properly installed. Use the device manager and control panel to determine if the correct graphics adapter (or other device) is detected and functioning properly. Check with the manufacturer for driver and firmware updates.
DirectX
DirectX is a set of application program interfaces (APIs) created by Microsoft to allow designers to make graphics programs for PCs without knowing exactly what hardware the programs will run on. Since thousands of combinations of hardware components exist, PC games have to be flexible. DirectX allows developers to get the best performance out of each customers hardware. When a customer calls with a game performance or installation issue, use dxdiag to check their installation of DirectX. 1. 2. 3. Click Start Run. Type dxdiag in the window that appears and click OK. Locate the version of DirectX in the results window.
If the customer is not running the latest version, advise them to download and install it from Microsoft's web site.
Hardware Acceleration
To improve performance in graphics-intensive programs, graphics card manufacturers incorporate powerful processors into their cards to perform some of the operations previously handled by the main system processor. This practice of having the video card handle some of the processing is known as hardware acceleration. Simply installing a new graphics card with a high-powered processor is unfortunately not enough. Software programs have to know how to take advantage of the extra processor. Poorly implemented applications require you to adjust the hardware acceleration of your graphics adapter for peak performance. Use the troubleshooting tab of the video driver or the software application that came with the graphics card to adjust the level of hardware acceleration allowed. A slider on the troubleshooting tab allows you to control which functions are handled by the graphics processor. The table below details the available levels. Setting Level of Graphics Hardware Acceleration
None
Disables all accelerations. Use this setting if your computer frequently stops responding or has other severe problems.
Disables all but basic accelerations. Use this setting to correct more severe performance problems.
Disables all DirectX, cursor, and advanced drawing accelerations. Use this setting to correct problems with DirectX-related applications.
Disables all cursor and advanced drawing accelerations. Use this setting to correct rendering problems.
Disables cursor and bitmap accelerations. Use this setting first to troubleshoot cursor or image problems.
Full
Enables all acceleration features.
Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL)

Windows XP (and other NT-based versions) has a Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL), a layer of software that insulates the OS kernel from hardware differences and conflicts. This does not prevent all poorly written or corrupt drivers from causing errors. Diagnose all kernel mode, Windows stop, and blue screen errors thoroughly to isolate the driver or library involved. If you're receiving a general error or experiencing a compatibility issue, use msconfig and clean boot troubleshooting to isolate the application causing the error or issue. Diagnosing video software issues is no different than diagnosing any other software issues.
Graphics Intensive Software

Whether it's a game, video playback software, live TV, or streaming clips from the Internet, there's a potential in each case for the software displaying the graphics to cause the error. Graphics intensive programs are demanding, not just on video hardware, but often on the system processor, memory, and hard drive. Check with the manufacturer for known issues and all the latest patches and updates. Make sure the hardware meets the minimum recommended requirements, and that the software application was properly installed and isn't in conflict with another program. Diagnose video software issues just as you would any others. Envision the system, narrow down the short list of potential causes, isolate the candidates one by one, and research the single cause to implement an effective solution.
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Software POFs
Resolution Plans
Scenario 1: Mr. Smith's computer has an integrated video adapter, but he has also installed a high-end graphics card. The power LED on his display is green. The power LED and quad pack LEDs on the back of
his computer are all green. He can see images on the display during the startup routine, but when windows starts the screen goes blank. In the space below, type a list of potential causes and an isolation test for each.
Click here to reveal an example answer.
Scenario 2: Mrs. Moore's computer uses an expansion PCI-e graphics card. No onboard graphics adapter is present. The LEDs on the display and computer power buttons are amber. The LEDs on the back of the computer are not lit. She called and reported that she had "no video." In the space below, type a plan for handling this issue.
Scenario 3: Mr. Johnson's computer only has an integrated graphics adapter. He, too, is reporting "no video." He swapped his monitor with one from another computer, and was able to see the picture just fine. In the space below, type any questions you would ask him or tests you would have him run to isolate the source of his problem.
Scenario 4: Mrs. Barbara's new ACP graphics card seemed easy to install, but now she's not seeing any images on her display. She does not have an onboard adapter, and removed her previous graphics card when she installed her new one. The LED on her display is amber. The LED on her computer's power button is green, as are the rear diagnostic LEDs. In the space below, type a list of potential causes and an isolation test for each.
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Resolution Plans
No Video and other Issues

What does a customer mean when they say no video? They might mean that the system failed POST, in which case diagnostic LEDs and beep codes will help you diagnose the nature of the problem. They may mean the screen goes blank after the Windows splash screen. That usually means their driver is faulty, corrupted, or missing. They may say the computer sounds like it's starting normally, but the screen stays blank. Check the monitor or display. Does it have power? Is it working? Can you access the OSD and run a self test?
Example Self Test Dialog Maybe the quality of the video is poor, but the video is actually present. Maybe the image is dark, wavering, or otherwise distorted due to improper software settings in Windows or some environmental influence. Maybe the LCD was dropped, and is cracked or has dead pixels. All these issues could be described by the customer as "no video" issues. For the rest of this section, we'll go through a checklist to deal with systems that complete POST successfully but have blank displays.
No Video Checklist
Step
Action Taken
Eliminate the Cables/Connections
Verify that the display has power. Can you see any lights? If the display has power, proceed. If not, try a new power source, power cord, or display.
Reseat the data cable. Unhook it from both ends, clean it, and reseat it in the proper port on the correct graphics adapter.
Swap the data cable with a known good cable. The display will usually tell you it is not receiving a signal if the cable or connection is the cause of the problem.
Eliminate the Display
Can you access the display's OSD and run the display's self test? This is a key indicator that the display is operating normally.
Connect the display to another system. If it works, then the video port or settings on the original system are the problem.
Swap the display with a known good display. If another display works fine, you know the problem is with probably with the original display.
Eliminate Settings/Software conflict
Did you hear Windows start up? If you did, and you are sure your display and cable are working, then connect a known good display to the system to install all software and drivers, adjust any necessary settings, and verify the video port. If the port is the issue, troubleshoot and, if necessary, replace the video card.
Eliminate the Graphics Adapter (Notebooks)
Try to boot the notebook with the external display disconnected. Is the integrated LCD working? If so, the problem is with the external display or connections.
Try the display function key on the keyboard. Can you access the display mode menu? Is the system in the correct display mode? Typically, if you can see the Windows splash screen and access the display mode menu, the graphics card is working fine. If the system is in the correct mode, swap external displays.
Eliminate the Docking Station (Notebooks)
10
If the system is using a docking station, remove the docking station from the equation and connect the external display directly to the notebook to eliminate the dock as a point of failure.
Eliminate the Internal LCD (Notebooks)
11
If the system has an internal/integrated LCD display, there may be a connection issue inside the case between the LCD and the system board. Open the unit and reseat the LCD cable.
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No Video and other Issues
Mrs. Rodriguez's Problem

Mrs. Rodriguez called to get some help with her Inspiron E1505. She says that the video stutters whenever she plays a DVD movie. Use the material in this module and DSN to create a troubleshooting plan in the space provided below.
Question 1: Q: What DSN article or tree could you use to help you troubleshoot Mrs. Rodruguez's issue? A: Click here to reveal the answer. Question 2: Q: Based on your experience, what steps do you anticipate beng challenging or difficult during your contact with the customer? A: Click here to reveal the answer. Question 3:
Q: How would you educate the customer to assist them in resolving this issue the next time it arises? A: Click here to reveal the answer. Question 4: Q: At what point do you anticipate the problem will be solved based on your experience? A: Click here to reveal the answer.
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Mrs. Rodriguez's Problem
Summary and Key Points

Summary
This module reviewed basic troubleshooting theory and techniques using video hardware and software expamples. You reviewed the hardware and software points of failure in the video subsystem, as well as the unique aspect of perception involved in video issues.
Key Points
Perception, the environment, and hardware limitations are factors in video troubleshooting. Screen size is measured diagonally. There is a difference between a characteristic and a setting. LCD flat panels have a default/optimal resolution. LCD flat panels blur/darken slightly if viewed from extreme vertical/horizontal angles. Hardware points of failure include cables, connections, graphics card, main system board, and the
display.
Software points of failure include Windows, DirectX, Drivers, settings, and the application running.
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Summary and Key Points
Advanced Video Troubleshooting : Document Outline
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Document Outline
Advanced Video Troubleshooting : Document History

Document History
Date
Owner
Page
Requested By
Reviewed By
Approved By
Change
Date: 2006-10-16
Owner: Heath Huff
Page: All
Requested By: Scott Rylander
Reviewed By: Laurence May Bobbie Mattord, editor
Approved By: Eileen Hughes
Changes: Created module based on existing course material. Took content from XPS Conversion: Advanced Video Troubleshooting (90 mins), shortened it to a 60-minute timeline, and removed the need for a facilitator. Consumer Legal determined formal review

Advanced Video Troubleshooting

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