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9
but not bounded above.
b) increasing; bounded below by 0 and above by
1
9
c) increasing; bounded below by
1
9
but not bounded above.
d) nonincreasing; bounded below by 0 and above by
1
9
e) decreasing; bounded below by
1
9
but not bounded above.
1u.S )IJIKB ;L G +9?@9A:9
We aie conceineu with limits of sequences as n appioaches infinity.
A sequence that has a limit is saiu to be 5/18'-,'1*. A sequence that has no limit is saiu to be
648'-,'1*%
Eveiy conveigent sequence is bounueu anu eveiy unbounueu sequence is uiveigent
TBN 1u.S.6
A bounueu, nonuecieasing sequence conveiges to its least uppei bounu; a bounueu, nonincieasing
sequence conveiges to its gieatest lowei bounu.
Let L a
n
! anu M b
n
! as ! " n
i.
n n
a b + !
ii.
n
a ! "
iii.
n n
a b ! "
iv.
1
n
b
!
v.
n
n
a
b
!
Examples:
1.
!
"
#
$
%
&
2
1
n
2.
!
"
#
$
%
&
n 2
cos
'
S. { }
cos( ) n !
4.
!
"
#
$
%
&
'
n
1
4
S.
!
"
#
$
%
&
+1
2
n
n
The Pinching Theoiem foi Sequences:
Suppose that foi all 1 gieatei than some integei 9, (1 < 31 < 51.
If (1 -> : anu 51 -> :, then 31 -> :
0ne iesult of the Pinching Thm:
Example:
!
"
!
#
$
!
%
!
&
'
(
)
*
+
,
-
+
2 /
1
1
n
n
!"#8 4J<;FKGAK )IJIKBMM
n
n
x
/ 1
lim
! > "
If 1 < x ,
n
n
x
! > "
lim
!
n
n
1
lim
" > #
!
lim
n
x
n
n ! > "
n
n
n
ln
lim
! > "
n
n
n
/ 1
lim
! > "
n
n
n
x
!
"
#
$
%
&
+
' > (
1 lim
(NGJ<O9BH
State whethei the sequence conveiges as ! " n anu if it uoes, give the limit.
1.
!
"
!
#
$
!
%
!
&
'
(
)
*
+
,
-
.
n
n
2
1
2.
!
"
#
$
%
&
n
n!
3.
!
"
#
$
%
&
'
(
0
2
n
x
dx e
4.
!
"
#
$
%
&
+1
4
3
n
n
)9: -;< =>6
4. uive the limit (if it exists) of the sequence
2
2
2 n
n
! " +
# $
% &
A. V B. 1 C. u B. 2 E. BNE (uiveiges)
S. uive the limit (if it exists) of the sequence
3/ 2
2 1 n
n
+
! "
# $
% &
A. V B. 1 C. u B. 2 E. BNE (uiveiges)