Vocabulary Middle Ages Part 2

Standards: HSS 7.6 Students analyze the geographic, political, economic, religious, and social structures of the civilizations of Medieval Europe

The Later Middle Ages

Theme: The Later Middle Ages was a time of change. As the Christian church grew stronger, popes challenged kings for power People who disagreed with Christian teachings were punished Religion influences everything from architecture, art, and war. Religion was a major force in peoples lives , it shaped European society and culture during this time.

excommunicate

To cast out from the church

Pope Gregory VII

A powerful medieval pope, he fought with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV over the power to choose church officials.

Emperor Henry IV
Holy Roman Emperor, he fought against Pope Gregory VII over the power to choose church officials.

Crusades:
A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia fought for control of the Holy Land from 1096 to 1291.

Holy Land:
The region on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea where Jesus lived, preached, and died.

Pope Urban II
Medieval pope, he called on Christians to launch the First Crusade

King Richard I:
King of England, he led Christian soldiers in the Third Crusade. He earned the respect of his enemies as well as Christian soldiers for his bravery and fairness.

Saladin:
Muslim general, he led the Muslim forces during the Third Crusade

Clergy:

church officials

religious order:
A group of people who dedicate their lives to religion and follow common rules.

friars:

A member of a religious order who lived and worked among the public

Thomas Aquinas:
Dominican philosopher, he argued that rational thought could be used to support Christian belief

natural law:

A law that people believed God had created to govern how the world operated

Magna Carta:
A document signed in 1215 by King John of England that required the king to honor certain rights.

Parliament:

The lawmaking body that governs England

Hundred Years War:

A long conflict between England and France that lasted from 1337 to 1453

Joan of Arc:

French peasant girl, she rallied the French troops during the Hundred Years War

Black Death:
A deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351

heresy:

Religious ideas that oppose accepted church teachings

Reconquista:
The effort of Christian kingdoms in northern Spain to retake land from the Muslim Moors during the Middle Ages

King Ferdinand:
King of Spain, he and his wife Isabella completed the Reconquista. They forced Jews in Spain to become Christian or leave and banned Islam

Queen Isabella:
Queen of Spain, helped complete the Reconquista. She paid for the voyages of Christopher Columbus.

Spanish Inquisition:
An organization of priests that looked for and punished Christians in Spain.

He will be hanged and burned!

The Heretic