Rockdale Picture Explanation

Turner/Dag/TYS Rockdale Academy GBBN Architects
2315 Iowa Ave Cincinnati Public Schools 332 East 8th St.
Cincinnati, OH 45206 Cincinnati, OH 45202
This is a photo of the ceiling of a communications closet.
Is there any type of fire rating in this room?
Can you see how neatly the communications cables emerge from their respective
conduits and are uniformly bundled with Velcro straps?
This is not the picture I form in my mind when someone talks about a state of the art
communications network; and exactly how much did this cost?
I would expect to see this in a 40-50 year old building downtown that had been renovated
multiple times, but not in a newly constructed school.
The level of craftsmanship shown here is far below the standards expected by a majority
of the taxpaying citizens that paid to have this installed.
Would you allow someone to install something that looked like this in your house?
Would you pay to have this installed in your house?
Why do we pay people to install this type of work in our school systems?
Why do we pay people that allow work like this to be done in our school systems?
KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 1 Beacon Electric Company
5 West Fifth St. 7815 Redsky Drive
Covington, KY 41011 Cincinnati, OH 45249
This is a photograph of the main electrical switchgear room floor and a portion of an
electrical enclosure.
The photo shows 5 various size conduits terminating in a large electrical wireway.
It is readily apparent upon viewing the photo that the 2 small conduits in the center of the
enclosure have not been installed in an approved manner. The conduits are lacking
connectors, locking nuts, and bushings. These conduits are not even attached to the
enclosure, and the conductors (or wires) that are pulled through these conduits will rest
against the cut edge of the metal enclosure. Furthermore the specification book states
that conduits passing from below grade to above grade shall be Rigid Steel Conduits.
NEC Article 352.46 states “Where a conduit enters a box, fitting, or other enclosure, a
bushing or adapter shall be provided to protect the wire from abrasion unless the box,
fitting of enclosure design provides equivalent protection.” For conductors sized #4 and
larger.
NEC Article 352.48 states “All joints between lengths of conduit, and between conduit
and couplings, fittings, and boxes, shall be made by an approved method.”
Section 16110 - 5 of the Rockdale Academy Specification book states that all extensions
(including final 90-degree fittings) from 24” below grade to above grade shall be made
using matching rigid steel conduit sweep elbows below grade with grounded rigid steel
conduit extensions.
This is a picture of the same electrical enclosure shown in Photo 2, taken several months
after we had made our initial group of photos available to construction management for
the Rockdale Project. At the time we made our initial group of photos available we also
expressed concerns about quality of installation, disregard for specifications and possible
violations of the National Electric Code. At the time of this photo the project was 99%
completed, a certificate of occupancy had been issued and children were present in the
classrooms. We believe it would be safe to assume that the electrical contractor intended
to leave this as a completed installation.
NEC Article 352.48 states “All joints between lengths of conduit, and between conduit
and couplings, fittings, and boxes, shall be made by an approved method.”
NEC Article 250.4(A)(3) states “Non-current carrying conductive materials enclosing

electrical conductors or equipment, or forming part of such equipment, shall be connected
together and to the electrical supply source in a manner that establishes an effective
ground-fault current path.”
conduit extensions.
This is a photograph of the main electrical switchgear room floor and a portion of an
electrical panel board.
The photo shows 2 – 4 inch conduits terminated in a panel board enclosure with the
conductors installed. The specification book states that conduits passing from below
grade to above grade shall be Rigid Steel Conduits. These conduits are clearly made of
plastic materials. There are also no bushings installed on these conduits. The conductors
in this photo are larger than #4.
larger.
conduit extensions.

This is a photograph of the bottom portion of an electrical panel board.
The photo shows a 3 inch Plastic Conduit terminated in the bottom of a panel board
enclosure. The specification book states that conduits passing from below grade to above
grade shall be Rigid Steel Conduits.
conduit extensions.
Section 16110 - 1 All conduit fittings shall be provided with insulated throats or plastic
bushings.

This is a photograph of 2 panel board enclosures recessed in a block wall connected with
a 3 inch rigid metallic nipple, the leftmost panel board also has a row of conduits
terminated in the top section of the panel board enclosure.
The 3 inch nipple between the two panel boards does not have an insulated throat nor is
there a plastic bushing installed. Further inspection will show that there are not enough
threads remaining to install a bushing as required by the specification book.
The row of conduits terminated on the leftmost panel board enclosure also lack insulated
throats or bushings required by the specification book.
bushings.

This is a photograph of the main electrical switchgear room floor and a portion of a panel
board enclosure.
The photo shows 8 various size plastic conduits terminated in the bottom of the panel
board enclosure. These conduits are clearly PVC conduits passing through the concrete
floor or slab.
conduit extensions.
larger.

This is a photo of 4 individual runs of ¾ inch conduit terminating in 4 separate boxes.
Box connectors with insulated throats or bushings have not been provided as required by
the specification book.
Support exceeds 3ft. as required by the National Electric Code for EMT type conduits
bushings.
Article 358.30 (A) EMT shall be securely fastened in place at least every 3m (10ft.) In
addition, each EMT run between termination points shall be securely fastened within
900mm (3ft.) of each outlet box, junction box, device box, cabinet, conduit body, or other
tubing termination.

This photo shows a run of 4 – ¾ inch conduits emerging from the floor and running into
the ceiling.
There are no conduit supports between the two arrows, which is in excess of 10 feet.
These conduits also penetrate the floor without regard to the specifications.
tubing termination.
Section 16020 - 7 Install standard Schedule 40 black steel pipe sleeves two sizes larger
than pipes passing through floors, bearing walls, fire walls and masonry construction.
Sleeves through walls shall be cut flush with both faces. Sleeves through floor shall
extend on inch above floor top elevation. Pipes penetrating roof shall use a pipe curb
assembly equal to Pate Co. Furnish and set all forms required in masonry walls or
foundation to accommodate pipes.
Section 16020 - 7 Provide factory-assembled watertight wall and floor seals, of types and
sizes required; suitable for sealing around conduit, pipe, or tubing passing through
concrete floors and walls. Construct seals with steel sleeves, malleable iron body,
neoprene sealing grommets and rings, metal pressure rings, pressure clams and cap
screws.

This is a photo of a 4”x4” square junction box with 2 – ¾ inch conduit terminations.
There is a lack of support for the conduit and the box connectors used do not have
insulated throats as required by the specification book.
tubing termination.
bushings.

This is a photo of a ¾ inch conduit emerging from the wall and terminating at a 4”x4”
junction box in the ceiling.
The conduit spans about 8’ with no support.
tubing termination
bushings.
Section 16020 - 4 All ductwork, piping, conduit, raceways, cable assemblies, etc. Shall
be run as straight as possible and symmetrical (perpendicular to or parallel with) with
architectural items. Work installed diagonal to building members shall not be permitted.

This is a photo of a 4”x4” Fire alarm or Emergency circuit box with multiple conduits
attached.
There is a lack of support for the conduits entering and exiting the box. Only the cover of
the box is painted red, and the box is not identified as fire alarm or emergency circuits.
The quality level of the work is of poor craftsmanship, and reflects inadequate planning.
If this box were opened, would you find throated connectors or bushings on the conduits
terminated in this box as per the specification book?
tubing termination.
Section 16020 - 5 Emergency System boxes and covers must be painted red and
identified as Emergency System.
Section 16020 - 5 Fire Alarm boxes and covers must be painted red and identified as Fire
Alarm.

This is a photo of a section of block wall above the ceiling with conduits emerging from
the wall and 2 – 4”x 4” junction boxes mounted to the wall.
The box connectors used here do not have insulated throats or plastic bushings attached.
bushings.

This is a photo of conduit work emerging from a wall above the ceiling.
screws.

This is a photo of a ¾ inch conduit emerging from the wall and terminating in a 4”x 4”
Box.
The quality level of the work is of poor craftsmanship, and the conduit is not properly
supported. The box connectors used here do not have insulated throats or plastic
bushings attached.
bushings.
tubing termination

This is a photo of several conduits penetrating the ceiling of an electrical closet.
The penetrations are not sleeved as required by the specification book.

The penetrations are not sealed as required by the specification book.
screws.
The penetrations have been sealed with spray type foam insulation.
Do these conduits penetrate firewall areas?
Does the spray type foam used here have a fire rating?

This photo shows multiple conduit runs above the ceiling, some conduits terminate in
junction boxes and others penetrate the ceiling to the next floor.
The conduits penetrating the ceiling are lacking steel sleeves and sealing grommets. The
4 – 1 inch conduits in the center of the photo that terminate in the grey junction box are
not properly supported, and terminate with box connectors that do not have plastic throats
or bushings as required by the specification book.
screws.
bushings.
tubing termination

This is a photo of a 4”x 4” junction box mounted on a block wall. There is a large
section of ductwork adjacent to the box opening. How would one open this box to work
on the wires that are enclosed?
This box is not accessible.
NEC Article 314.29 Boxes and conduit bodies shall be installed so that the wiring
contained in them can be rendered accessible without removing any part of the building
or, in underground circuits, without excavating sidewalks, paving, earth or other
substance that is to be used to establish the finished grade.

This is a photo of two ¾ inch PVC conduits emerging from the slab.
The conduit on the left clearly begins to turn into the slab, (or concrete floor) no conduits
are to be installed in the slab. Conduits passing from grade level to above grade are
required by the specification book to be rigid metallic conduit, including the 90 degree
elbow.
Section 16110 - 1 Conduits shall not be installed within slabs without special permission.
Section 16110 - 5 All extensions (including final 90-degree fittings) from 24” below
grade to above grade shall be made using matching rigid steel conduit sweep elbows
below grade with grounded rigid steel conduit extensions.

This is a photo of a ¾ inch PVC conduit emerging from the slab (or floor).
Conduits passing from grade level to above grade are required by the specification book
to be rigid metallic conduit, including the 90 degree elbow.

This is a photo of a PVC conduit emerging from the slab, and ran through a block wall.
Conduits passing from grade level to above grade are required by the specification book
to be rigid metallic conduit, including the 90 degree elbow. The specification book
requires all conduits to be EMT (Electrical Metallic Tubing) with exceptions governed by
the specification book and the working drawings. PVC conduit is to be used below grade
according to the specification book.
Section 16110 - 1 All conduits shall be EMT (Electrical Metallic Tubing) except where
permitted by Division 16 of the specifications or the drawings.

This is a photo of electrical conduits in the ceiling of a mechanical room. Some conduits
terminate in the electrical closet and others penetrate the walls and ceilings.
Conduits that penetrate walls and ceilings are not sleeved or sealed. The 6 conduits in the
electrical wire way that can be viewed through the doorway are terminated with box
connectors that do not have insulated throats or bushings.
screws.
bushings.

This is a photo of electrical conduits in the ceiling of a mechanical room. Some conduits
terminate in the electrical closet and others penetrate the walls and ceilings.
Most of the changes in elevation shown here could have been eliminated with proper
planning and routing of conduit runs.
screws.

This is a photo of low voltage cables for the Heating and Air systems routed through and
on the ceiling joists.
Low voltage cables are required by the specifications to be supported by J-hooks with
removable retainer clips. These low voltage wires have been pulled directly through and
over the edges of the building steel. The above practice of routing low voltage cable
through and on structural steel for Heating and Air systems is maintained throughout the
project.
Section 16880 - 3 Only J-hooks are permitted for free air installation of cables, cable
fasteners and bridal rings shall not be acceptable.
Section 16880 - 3 J-hooks shall be fitted with tool-less cable retainer clips.
Section 16880 - 3 J-hooks shall be provided at 4 foot intervals, and shall be readily
accessible after installation.

This is a photo of low voltage cables for the Heating and Air systems routed through and
on the ceiling joists.
Low voltage cables are required by the specifications to be supported by J-hooks with
removable retainer clips. These low voltage wires have been pulled directly through and
over the edges of the building steel. The above practice of routing low voltage cable
through and on structural steel for Heating and Air systems is maintained throughout the
project.

This is a photo of low voltage cables for the Heating and Air systems routed along the
face of a block wall above the ceiling.
The cable is supported by hangers designed for use with ¾ inch PVC conduit not low
voltage wiring systems. Low voltage cables are required by the specifications to be
supported by J-hooks with removable retainer clips.

PVC conduits emerging from the slab, these conduits should be Rigid Metallic Conduit.
From this angle it appears that the second conduit from the left is missing a ground wire?
Perhaps this should be looked at more closely?
NEC Article 250.4(A)(3) states “Non-current carrying conductive materials enclosing

electrical conductors or equipment, or forming part of such equipment, shall be connected
together and to the electrical supply source in a manner that establishes an effective
ground-fault current path.”
conduit extensions.

Are conduit bodies required to be galvanized steel?
16110-3 Provide galvanized cast metal (steel) conduit bodies as required.

Do the specifications allow for the use of flexible metallic tubing here?
16110-1 All wiring of all systems shall be installed in conduit (sized per NEC, minimum
¾”). The only permitted exceptions shall be where specifically permitted otherwise
under Section 16120.
16110-1 Except where indicated otherwise herein, under other Division 16 sections or on
drawings, all conduit shall be EMT.
16110-2 Final 72 inches from outlet/junction boxes to recessed lighting fixtures which
are located in accessible ceiling systems; AC/MC cable may be use for “fixture whips”
(refer to Section 16120)
16120-2 Final connection to lighting fixtures that are installed in accessible tile ceiling
systems (limited to 6’ maximum in length and limited to “whips” from conduit system
junction boxes down to fixtures). Type AC/MC cable shall not be installed from fixture
to fixture.

Should these conduits be securely fastened by an approved means?
tubing termination.

Not to worry we will put a knockout seal in that extra hole, if the construction manager
catches it and puts it on the punch list, otherwise no one will ever notice.
Those annoying arc shields always seem to get in the way, unless you leave them in the
bottom of the panel.
What is an arc shield anyway?
Article 110.12(A) Unused cable or raceway openings in boxes, raceways, auxiliary

gutters, cabinets, cutout boxes, meter socket enclosures, equipment cases, or housings
shall be effectively closed to afford protection substantially equivalent to the wall of the
equipment. Where metallic plugs or plates are used with nonmetallic enclosures, they
shall be recessed at least 6mm (1/4 in.) from the outer surface of the enclosure.

Here is another extra knockout hole to seal.

The two larger knockout seals in the center of the photo are not fastened to the wireway
in an approved manner.


Are plastic throated connectors required by the specifications?
bushings.
16020-4 Provide manufacture’s standard vinyl-cloth self-adhesive conductor markers of

rap-around type, either pre-numbered plastic coated type, or write-on type with clear
plastic self-adhesive cover flap; numbered to show circuit identification. Provide on all
conductors of all systems.
16020-5 Provide manufacture’s standard self-adhesive vinyl tape not less than 3 mills
thick by 1½ inches wide. Unless otherwise indicate or required by governing regulations
provide black lettering on orange base with minimum ½ inch high lettering. As a
minimum, neatly install markers at each and every entry point to rooms, junction boxes,
pull boxes, equipment connections, etc.

Why does the water system need to be grounded/bonded with the electrical system?
Should any other piping be grounded/bonded? (Gas Line) (Hot Water)
Should the structural steel be bonded?
It looks like this might be the Grounding/Bonding wire for the water system.
As of 1-13-2005 I am not 100% sure.
I am scheduled to walk through the building again with the construction manager’s
representative and will be insisting on knowing exactly what that is and where the main
water ground is located. At the time this picture was taken there were children in the
classrooms.
Article 250.52 (A) Electrodes permitted for grounding.

Article 250.104 Bonding of Piping Systems and Exposed Structural Steel.

Should this be fastened in an approved manner?
Article 350.30 (A) LFMC shall be securely fastened in place by an approved means
within 300mm (12 in.) of each box, cabinet, conduit body, or other conduit termination
and shall be supported and secured at intervals not to exceed 1.4m (4.5 ft).


I am not sure which electrical panel the wires in this box are fed from; the box is not
marked and there are no wire markers to identify the circuits.
How can I turn the power off to work on this safely?




bushings.

Is a conduit connector permitted to be used to connect a box enclosure to a conduit body

fitting?
I don’t believe that this is an approved wiring method.
bushings.


This installation does not look esthetically pleasing to the eye; code and/or specifications
may not require the internal wiring systems of this enclosure to look neat and tidy but I
believe that new construction should look better than what is provided here.
bushings.
Section 16020-4 Provide manufacture’s standard vinyl-cloth self-adhesive conductor

markers of rap-around type, either pre-numbered plastic coated type, or write-on type
with clear plastic self-adhesive cover flap; numbered to show circuit identification.
Provide on all conductors of all systems.

to fixture.
Article 350.30 (A) FMC shall be securely fastened in place by an approved means within
300mm (12 in.) of each box, cabinet, conduit body, or other conduit termination and shall
be supported and secured at intervals not to exceed 1.4m (4.5 ft).

This conduit fitting is not made of Galvanized cast metal (steel).

The cover for this conduit body is not installed.
I would be curious to see how this fitting terminates inside the enclosure.
It is not visible from the photograph but the small sticker on the center of the conduit
body reads “Made in Mexico”. The specifications state that all materials used are to be
manufactured and assembled in the USA.
Section 16010-2 The applicable provisions of the following standards shall govern. All
electrical equipment must contain UL label and be manufactured and assembled in the
USA.

Does the grounding screw provided here allow for the installation of multiple wires?
bushings.


This transformer is not mounted on vibration mounts.

This transformer is not fastened to the housekeeping pad at all.
This transformer is also pushed tightly against the block wall.
What are the clearance requirements for air flow for this transformer?
Section 16480-2 Install units on vibration mounts; comply with manufacture’s indicated
installation method. Provide 4 inch elevated concrete housekeeping pad for each floor
mounted transformer (see section 16150). Transformers shall be installed in strict
compliance with NEC Article 450. Transformer locations shone on drawings are shown
approximately to scale. It shall be the responsibility of the electrical contractor to
provide final coordination between all trades (prior to rough-in) so that code required and
factory recommended ventilation and working clearances around all transformer
installations are maintained.

This picture shows low voltage cables entering a conduit and some 3/8 inch flexible
metallic tubing.
The flexible metallic tubing has no connectors or bushings to protect the cables.
The specifications do not allow for 3/8 inch flexible metallic tubing to be used for this
purpose.
The cables entering the ¾ inch EMT conduit are secured using vinyl tape and there is no
connector or plastic bushing protecting the cables.
Does the manufacture recommend the removal of shipping brackets after installation?
16880-3 All cable work shall be neatly dressed and bundled using Velcro wraps without
causing any stress to any cable or cable jacket. Nylon tie-wraps, electrical tape, etc. shall
not be acceptable under any circumstances.
to fixture.

I am not sure which electrical panel the wires in this box are fed from; the box is not
marked and there are no wire markers to identify the circuits.
How can I turn this off to work on it safely?

bushings.

This photograph is of the same room as photo 16.

This photo was taken several months after photo 16 and after our initial photographs had
been shown to the construction manager. At the time we showed the initial photos to the
construction manager we expressed concerns about the use of spray foam insulation and
the fire rating of the spray on foam insulation used to seal the penetrations in the ceiling.
The penetrations are not sleeved as required by the specification book.

The penetrations are not sealed as required by the specification book.
screws.

This is a photo of an electrical panel with multiple circuits terminating to circuit breakers.
It is clearly visible that none of the wires are labeled with their respective circuit
numbers.
It would also appear that two circuits are terminating under the same breaker?


bushings.

This installation does not look esthetically pleasing to the eye; code and/or specifications
may not require the internal wiring systems of this enclosure to look neat and tidy but I
believe that new construction should look better than what is provided here.
bushings.


The conduit fitting on the left is not made of Galvanized cast metal (steel).
The conduit fitting on the right is made of Galvanized cast metal (steel).
They do know the difference they just don’t follow the specifications.

This conduit fitting is missing a ¾ inch plug to seal it.


Yet another conduit body that is not galvanized steel.

Should the holes penetrating this electrical closet be sealed?
Should these holes be sealed with fire stop?
screws.

This photo shows conduits penetrating the floor of an electrical closet.
screws.
This is a picture of conduits penetrating the floor in a communication closet.

The conduits were not installed according to specification.
You can see a hole in the floor between two of the conduits.
The hole passes all the way through the floor.
screws.

Yet another conduit body that is not galvanized steel.

This conduit body is missing the cover.

bushings.


to fixture.

to fixture.

bushings.


screws.

to fixture.
screws.
This photo shows the connection taps for some of the air handling units.
Are these taps rated for multiple wires to be terminated under the same lug?
What are the minimum and maximum wire size ratings for these lug kits?
bushings.

This photo shows the connection taps for some of the air handling units.
Are these taps rated for multiple wires to be terminated under the same lug?
What are the minimum and maximum wire size ratings for these lug kits?


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Turner/Dag/TYS Rockdale Academy GBBN Architects

This is a photo of the ceiling of a communications closet.

Is there any type of fire rating in this room?

Would you pay to have this installed in your house?

NEC Article 250.4(A)(3) states “Non-current carrying conductive materials enclosing

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 4 Beacon Electric Company

This is a photograph of the bottom portion of an electrical panel board.

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 5 Beacon Electric Company

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 6 Beacon Electric Company

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 7 Beacon Electric Company

This is a photo of 4 individual runs of ¾ inch conduit terminating in 4 separate boxes.

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 8 Beacon Electric Company

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 9 Beacon Electric Company

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 10 Beacon Electric Company

The conduit spans about 8’ with no support.

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 11 Beacon Electric Company

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 12 Beacon Electric Company

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 13 Beacon Electric Company

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 14 Beacon Electric Company

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 15 Beacon Electric Company

This is a photo of several conduits penetrating the ceiling of an electrical closet.

The penetrations are not sleeved as required by the specification book.

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 16 Beacon Electric Company

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 17 Beacon Electric Company

This box is not accessible.

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 18 Beacon Electric Company

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 19 Beacon Electric Company

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 20 Beacon Electric Company

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 21 Beacon Electric Company

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 22 Beacon Electric Company

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 23 Beacon Electric Company

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 24 Beacon Electric Company

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 25 Beacon Electric Company

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 26 Beacon Electric Company

NEC Article 250.4(A)(3) states “Non-current carrying conductive materials enclosing

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 27 Beacon Electric Company

Are conduit bodies required to be galvanized steel?

16110-3 Provide galvanized cast metal (steel) conduit bodies as required.

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 28 Beacon Electric Company

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 29 Beacon Electric Company

Should these conduits be securely fastened by an approved means?

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 30 Beacon Electric Company

What is an arc shield anyway?

Article 110.12(A) Unused cable or raceway openings in boxes, raceways, auxiliary

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 31 Beacon Electric Company

Here is another extra knockout hole to seal.

Article 110.12(A) Unused cable or raceway openings in boxes, raceways, auxiliary

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 32 Beacon Electric Company

Are plastic throated connectors required by the specifications?

16020-4 Provide manufacture’s standard vinyl-cloth self-adhesive conductor markers of

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 33 Beacon Electric Company

Article 250.52 (A) Electrodes permitted for grounding.

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 34 Beacon Electric Company

Should this be fastened in an approved manner?

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 35 Beacon Electric Company

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 36 Beacon Electric Company

16020-4 Provide manufacture’s standard vinyl-cloth self-adhesive conductor markers of

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 37 Beacon Electric Company

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 38 Beacon Electric Company

16020-4 Provide manufacture’s standard vinyl-cloth self-adhesive conductor markers of

KLH Electrical Engineers Photo 39 Beacon Electric Company

Is a conduit connector permitted to be used to connect a box enclosure to a conduit body

16020-4 Provide manufacture’s standard vinyl-cloth self-adhesive conductor markers of