Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Submitted by:
Ma. Elise Cipriano
Rona Alquiza Ysais
October 13, 2009
Introduction
There are many issues and challenges that surround the concept of security during
armed conflict and peacetime. These issues and challenges are brought about
transformation in the context of development, whereas before civilians are
protected and excluded, are now being the target of attack in different conflicts;
also they are the ones that are widely affected of the deterioration of one country’s
progression. More so, the emergence of new technology increased arms
proliferation and the creation of sophisticated arms that is able to kill a lot of people
became widespread. Having said these challenges with our constituting factors in
political, economic and social aspects, nation-states are striving to protect their own
sovereignty, territory, peoples and national interests as well as promote peace and
provide security amongst people in the world.
In order to determine the awareness of selected individual with all the issues and
challenges we faced, a survey was conducted. A 30 item Likert-type scale was
designed to measure the perceptions of individuals on security. Statements
concerning security, where divided into three factors: political; economic; and
social, whereas each factor is composed of 10 statements. Ms. Edith dela Cruz of
the Guidance office from Miriam College was asked to validate the statements
before conducting the survey. The statements were well founded; however she
suggested formulating statements that are negatives and positives in order to fully
determine the consciousness of individuals.
The respondent of the survey were composed of 20 college students. On the basis
of availability, the first set of 10 college students were conducted in St. Paul
University, Quezon City. These college students were taking Hotel and Restaurant
Management. The second set of 10 was conducted in Miriam College, Quezon City,
which students are from the Department of Communication Arts. The subject
chosen for the experiment are similar in the following characteristics year level, age
and gender. The purpose of having two set of 10’s, is to see the comparison of
these college students on how well the institutions they belong makes them aware
of the issues beyond their courses.
Results
All college students who participated in the experiment completed the survey. Due
to the existence of a range of understanding the issues on security, every question
could not necessarily be answered, however, most of the questions were answered.
Replies to the questionnaire provided a very good level of detail.
Provided below are three different figures that shows the result of the survey
conducted in ST. Paul University. Every color represents a statement and the
percentile labeled in each color signifies the highest selected concept of security.
Below each graph statements that are positives and negatives where put together
in order to make the analyzation easier.
POLITICAL
PQ1
30% 30%
50% 50% PQ2
PQ3
40% 30%
PQ4
40% PQ5
50% PQ6
60% PQ7
50%
PQ8
PQ9
PQ10
30% disagree with the idea of having one leader to take all responsibility for the
whole world. 30% disagree that security means having no good governance.
According to the 40% of the respondents that they strongly agree that strict
implementation of rules and regulations is not needed in order to systematize the
world. 30$ disagree to the idea of military security having excluded the protection
of civilian from rebel attacks. Lastly, 40% agree that intervention of third party
actors in conflict is not helpful or not important in de-escalation of conflict between
the belligerent parties.
ECONOMIC
EQ1
40% 50%
50% EQ2
50%
EQ3
30%
60% EQ4
50% EQ5
EQ6
50%
50%
EQ7
50%
EQ8
EQ9
EQ10
50% strongly disagree that economic security is not part of the national security.
50% strongly disagree that the globalization of economy can guarantee the
protection of the market because 50% says they agree that economic resources are
often caused of conflict. 50% agree that resources need not to be distributed
accordingly to have order and organization among the people and 30% agree that
legal limit on the quantity of good that may be imported cannot secure the local
production of goods.
SOCIAL
SQ1
50% 30%
60% SQ2
50%
SQ3
40% SQ6
50%
SQ7
30% 50%
SQ8
SQ9
SQ10
30% agree that security is freedom from wants. 60% strongly agree that fair
education should be afforded to everyone. Again 60% strongly agree that there
should be no gender bias on politics and religion. 50% agree that a healthy lifestyle
and absence of malnutrition is a means of security. Also 50% agree that
environmental protection is needed to have a secured world.
50% strongly disagree that violations of human rights need not to be addressed,
because 50% agree that inequality among the people often becomes the trigging
factor in conflict outburst. 40% strongly disagree that there should be no freedom in
religious affiliation and political belief, while 50% are undecided with the notion of
existence of ethnic discrimination in a secured worlds. Lastly, 30% disagree that the
use and recruitment of children in armed conflict is useful in resolving the chaos.
The succeeding graph shows the result of the survey conducted in Miriam College.
Political
1st Question
80% 50% 2nd Question
40%
50% 3rd Question
80% 4th Question
60%
5th Question
70% 50%
60% 50% 6th Question
7th Question
8th Question
9th Question
50% of the respondents agreed that stopping the cycle of conflict is through
addressing the root or the breeding ground of conflict.
Economic
1st Question
70% 40%
80% 2nd Question
80%
3rd Question
50%
4th Question
70% 40% 5th Question
40% 40%
40% 6th Question
7th Question
8th Question
Meanwhile, 40% of the respondents strongly agreed that economic resources often
cause conflicts. An astounding 80% also strongly affirmed that unlawful use of
national funds can trigger a conflict.
Social
1st Question
40% 30% 70%
2nd Question
50% 80%
3rd Question
90% 4th Question
60%
5th Question
30%
100% 6th Question
80%
7th Question
8th Question
9th Question
30% of the students disagree fractionally on absence of gender bias on politics and
religion. 40% also disagreed that healthy lifestyle and absence of malnutrition
means security.
Analysis
Before, the concept of security is linked with the military power of state, but as the
world witnessed the horrifying consequences of wars such as the two World Wars,
security has been modified and includes the human security.
In the political factor, A hegemon or one leader to take on the responsibility for
the whole world could not guarantee a secured world. Sometimes, leaders take
advantage on their power and use it for the good of his/her own interest and not for
anyone else sake. Equal distribution of political power is needed. Moreover, having
good governance is considerably necessary for a secured society. Strict
implementation of rules and regulations alone is not enough to systematize the
world; people from different classes should abide and be supportive. A sustained
participation of people in putting the laws to action is important. To address the
issues and challenges of this world, the ideas and perspective of people should also
be accounted in decision making, cooperation is essential.
In the Economic Factor, Economic security is part of the national security. The
government needs to make the most of its national fund. It should not be exploited
because it can cause a conflict outburst. Further, it needs to assure its people by at
least providing good banking interest rates, saving plans, elastic loans and credit
assistance will not lead to another bubble burst like the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis.
The globalization of economy cannot guarantee the protection of the market. With
that, International Institution such as World Trade Organization, International Labor
Organization and so on, plays a significant role in looking after new trends in market
trading. It also acts a mediator among the traders. Also, it somehow regulates the
maximization of scarce resources among the individual of society.
Likewise by having treaty, it would somehow lessen, or facing the reality will put the
production of arms under the table. Indeed, what needs to be address is the private
company that continually produces weapons. The availability and abused of small
weapons as well as the light weapons are central to new insecurity complex. These
weapons are perceived by many people to constitute a challenge to the protection
of core human rights as well as the realization of human security. The misuse of
these weapons by a range of different actors leads to a profound impact on
civilians.
Individuals, in line with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, have the right to
self-development. Children should not be use and recruited in armed conflict. The
government needs to address this issue in order to give these children a chance to
develop their well being. Therefore, fair education should be afforded to everyone. It
does not only focus on mental learning however education makes an individual in
becoming a well being. Further, a healthy lifestyle is a means for individual. Shelter,
food and clothes are the top of the line needed by individuals. For them to be able
to afford these stuffs, they need to earn money. It’s a domino effect actually, ones
an individual become educated he will then be lucky to seek for a job that will help
him/her to earn money and be able to afford what he/she needs.
Gender should not be considers as an issue that will impede an individual to
become developed. Everyone should be given chances accordingly on politics and
religion. They have their freedom to choose what they want and what they want to
believe in as long as it does not cause violation to the rights of the others.
Like human, environment has rights too. Individual should not be callous in its
surroundings, because what happens to environment may affect us. For instance,
because of deterioration of the forest, flood is unstoppable. Whatever destruction
you may cause to the environment sooner or later it will ask you to pay back and
suffer.
It is the respect for each and every one, as well as to the environment, that is
essential in attaining the peace and security that we want for this world. There
should be no ethnic discrimination. People are people despite the difference in
color, physical structure and language. We all affect each other by moves that we
do. Our concern should not just limit in ourselves but should be extended to the
others.
Conclusion
Individuals do perceive issues differently. What surrounds them help them create an
understanding towards a subject. Media has the great influence on the belief of
each people. Sometimes, people believe in what they saw and hear in
advertisements or on what they see in television. All these press releases made
impact or put factor in contributing in shaping individual’s perception on certain
subject.
Since students are the subject of this study, ones said by the Philippine hero that
the youth are the hope of nation. Also, they are the succeeding leaders of their
generation. How could that probably happen if there are youth who are out of
school and committed themselves in doing destructive behaviors’?
The institutions has a significant role in influencing or shaping these students mind
but the institution is not oblige of forcing to instill to students what they want, they
should only act as guidance. It is indeed better to also open the minds of their
students not only with course chosen by the students, it is good even once in a
while to let them be expose of the reality of issues pertaining to security not only to
human but also beyond that.
Greetings!
Here are 30 items that attempts to estimate the level of one’s perception of peace
and security. We would like to ask for your kind participation in helping us fulfill our
requirement in one of our major class by answering the following questionnaires.
Rest assured that your responses would be kept strictly confidential and would only
be used for academic purposes.
Instruction: Please rate how strongly you agree or disagree with each of
the following statements by placing mark in the appropriate box.
S A N S D
A D
POLITICAL
1 Having one leader to take responsibility of everything will secure
the whole world.
2 Equal distribution of political power to the people makes a secured
society.
3 Security means having no good governance.
4 Strict implementation of rules and regulations is not needed in
order to systematize the world.
5 The presence of terrorism means the existence of casualties, death,
violations and destructions.
6 Traditional responses, such as military intervention and economic
embargo, are effective ways of resolving conflicts.
7 Humanitarian response, such as diplomatic negotiation, can resolve
the conflict.
8 Intervention of third party actors in conflict is not helpful or not
important in de-escalation of conflict between belligerent parties.
9 By addressing the root or breeding ground of conflict is a way in
stopping the cycle of conflict.
1 Military security does not include the protection of civilian from
0 rebel attacks.
ECONOMIC
1 Economic security is not part of the national security.
2 Economic globalization does not guarantee the protection of the market.
3 The roles of international institution in the market give significant role in
maintaining security among the traders.
4 Economic resources are often caused of conflicts.
5 Resources needed not to be distributed accordingly to have order and
organization among the people.
6 Proper maximization of resources leads to a peaceful society.
7 The continuous production of weapons by private companies should be
address to stop the proliferation of arms that causes the escalation of
conflicts.
8 Legal limit on the quantity of a good that may be imported cannot secure
the local production of goods.
9 Unlawful use of national funds can trigger a conflict.
1 Good banking interest rates, saving plans, elastic loans and credit
0 assistance will not lead to another bubble burst like the 1997 Asian
Financial Crisis.
SOCIAL
1 Security is freedom from wants.
2 Fair education should be afforded to everyone.
3 There is no gender bias on politics and religion.
4 There should be no freedom in religious affiliation and political belief.
5 Security is the existence of ethnic discrimination.
6 The use and recruitment of children in armed conflict is useful in
resolving the chaos
7 Violations of human rights need not to be addressed.
8 Inequality among the people often becomes the trigging factor in conflict
outburst.
9 Healthy lifestyle, absence of malnutrition means security.
1 Environmental protection is world security.
0
Thank
You,
POLITCAL
Political Question 8: Intervention of Third Party Actors in conflict is not helpful or not
important in de-escalation of conflict between belligerent parties. 40% agree; 10%
strongly agree; 40% neither they agree or disagree; and 10% strongly disagree.
Political Question 10: Military security does not include the protection of civilian
from rebel attacks. 10% strongly agree; 10% agree; 30% neither they agree or
disagree; 20% strongly agree; and 30% disagree.
ECONOMICS
Economic Question 1: Economic Security is not part of the national secretary. 50%
strongly disagree; 20% disagree; 10% neither they agree or disagree; and 20%
agree.
Economic Question 8: Legal limit on the quantity of a good that may be imported
cannot secure the local production of goods. 20% strongly agree; 30% agree; 30%
neither they agree or disagree; 20% disagree.
Economic Question 9: Unlawful use of national funds can trigger a conflict. 50%
strongly agree; 30% agree; 20% neither they agree or disagree.
Economic Question 10: Good banking interest rates, saving plans, elastic loans and
credit assistance will not lead to another bubble burst like the 1997 Asian Financial
Crisis. 30% strongly agree; 40% agree;
20% neither they agree or disagree.
SOCIAL
Social Question 1: Security is freedom wants. 20% strongly agree; 30% agree; 20%
neither they agree or disagree; 30% disagree.
Social Question 3: There is no gender bias on politics and religion. 60% strongly
agree; 20% agree; 10% neither they agree or disagree; 10% strongly disagree.
Social Question 4: There should be no freedom in religious affiliation and political
belief. 10% strongly agree; 10% agree; 20% neither they agree or disagree; 40%
strongly disagree; 20% disagree.
Social Question 6: The use and recruitment of children in armed conflict is useful in
resolving the chaos. 20% strongly agree; 10% agree; 30% neither they agree or
disagree; 10% strongly disagree; 30% disagree.
Social Question 7: Violations of human rights need not to be addressed. 20% agree;
10% neither they agree or disagree; 50% strongly disagree; 20% disagree.
Social Question 8: Inequality among the people often becomes the trigging factor in
conflict outburst. 30% strongly agree; 50% agree; 10% neither they agree or
disagree; 10% strongly disagree.
Social Question 10: Environment protection is world security. 40% strongly agree;
50% agree; 10% neither they agree or disagree.
Political Question 8: Intervention of Third Party Actors in conflict is not helpful or not
important in de-escalation of conflict between belligerent parties. 10% agree; 80%
neither they agree or disagree; and 10% disagree.
Political Question 10: Military security does not include the protection of civilian
from rebel attacks. 10% agree; 40% neither they agree or disagree; 30% strongly
disagree; and 20% disagree.
ECONOMICS
Economic Question 1: Economic Security is not part of the national secretary. 40%
strongly disagree; 30% disagree; 30% neither agree nor disagree.
Economic Question 2: Economic globalization does not guarantee the protection of
the market. 20% agree; 80% neither they agree or disagree.
Economic Question 8: Legal limit on the quantity of a good that may be imported
cannot secure the local production of goods. 10% strongly agree; 70% neither agree
nor disagree; 10% strongly disagree; 10% disagree.
Economic Question 9: Unlawful use of national funds can trigger a conflict. 80% of
them strongly agree; 20% agree.
Economic Question 10: Good banking interest rates, saving plans, elastic loans and
credit assistance will not lead to another bubble burst like the 1997 Asian Financial
Crisis. 10% strongly agree; 70% neither agree nor disagree; 20% disagree.
SOCIAL
Social Question 1: Security is freedom wants. 20% strongly agree; 10% agree; 70%
neither they agree or disagree.
Social Question 3: There is no gender bias on politics and religion. 60% strongly
agree; 40% agree.
Social Question 6: The use and recruitment of children in armed conflict is useful in
resolving the chaos. 100% strongly disagree.
Social Question 7: Violations of human rights need not to be addressed. 90%
strongly disagree; 10% are neither agreeing nor disagreeing.
Social Question 8: Inequality among the people often becomes the trigging factor in
conflict outburst. 50% agree and 50% strongly agree.
Social Question 10: Environment protection is world security. 30% strongly agree;
20% agree; 30% are neither agree nor disagree and 20% disagree.