MICO IRVIN Y.

DE MESA VII-EINSTEIN

The History of Internet

02/25/14

e, people of the world are really connected with each other. Our life has become very easy for it is made possible with our modern technology and our modern Internet. We send e-mails, search stuffs, call through telephones, post the happenings, watch videos, and play online. Those are things we do in our present days but those are just products of what happened a long time ago. I just watched the video HISTORY OF INTERNET by Melih Bilgil. It shared me a lot of things which affect the Internet we are using currently. Before 1957, BATCH PROCESSING was an ineffective process of computers. During this process, computers do one task at a time. When computers became bigger and bigger, it has to be stored in cold rooms which puts the developers to work indirectly to computers. This has more work and less efficiency. This led to a big change. There, they had a remote connection to computers for a direct work of developers. TIME SHARING came to share the processing power of computer with multiple users. When the Soviet Union sent the Sputnik 1 to space, U.S. founded D.A.R.P.A. (Defense Advance Research Project Agency) in 1958 to secure its leading technology. At that time knowledge was transferred by people. This D.A.R.P.A. became A.R.P.A.N.E.T., furthermore the three of the fundamentals of Internet, the R.A.N.D. Corporation for military network, the National Physical Laboratory for commercial network and the C.Y.C.L.A.D.E.S. for scientific network. A.R.P.A.N.E.T. because of consciousness of universities to share computers, I.M.P. or Interface Message Processor are put before mainframes which took over control network activities and the mainframe computers were in-charge of the initialization of programs. Because I.M.P.s are put over a network, the connection was called I.M.P. subnet. For connections, Network Control Protocol or N.C.P. took place but replaced by Transmission Control Protocol or T.C.P. its main feature is to verify the file transfer. For the commercial network, it was expected that more file transfers will come. So to avoid congestion of files, data are divided into packets and is rearranged to the receiver. PACKET-SWITCHING was born. For military network, during 1962 Cuba had long-ranged missiles that could reach U.S. By that time, there was a centralized network. They developed a kind of network architecture so that when there is a loss of a connection, it will still be operative. For communication, radio wave are still, used but in case of an atomic destruction, it will not work anymore so they had direct waves with long range or the best solution is distribution of network that long range connections use minimum interference . For scientific connections, because of less budget of C.Y.C.L.A.D.E.S., they focused on connecting networks with each other, thus the term Inter-net was born. The other networks were just used as those which transfer data. For this, x.25 protocol was developed which computers servers connect to phone companies for communication in exchange of basic charges. The T.C.P. was designed to transfer data through gateways, but it is later replaced by OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECTION which attaches the network from itself and channels division into separate layers. This brought the gateway into T.C.P.I.P. which guarantees compatibility of network. Internet was born. From 1990, A.R.P.A.N.E.T. was removed but Internet was still running. Those are all a glimpse of the history of our modern Internet today.