Exam Roll No.................. (Please write your Exam Roll No.

)
END TERMEXAMINATION
EIGHTH SEMESTER [B.TECH. MAy-JUNE 2012
Paper Code: ETEE402 Subject: Advanced Control Systems
Time: 3Hours Maximum Marks :75
I Note: Attempt any five question including Q.no.1 which is compulsory. Select one
I question from each unit.
Ql (a)Determine the state transition matrix (t, 0) for the system
x=[~ ~t: J . (5x5=25)
(b)Draw the phase plane trajectory of the system described as-
X +25(1+0.lx
2
)x =0. Use Delta method and assume
Xl (0) = 3, X
z
(0) = 0.
(c)What is pulse transfer function? Obtain discrete time state and
output equations and the pulse transfer function (sampling period
c T=l) for the following continuous time system
G (s) _ y (s) _ 1-
I -U(s) - s(s +2) .
(d)Listand explainvarious methods of defuzzification.
(e)What are advantages of state space approach over transfer function?
Obtain state space representation for the following system
d
3
x d
2
x dx
dt
3
+3dt
Z
+4 dt +4x =u](t) +3u
z
(t) +4u
3
(t) .
of solution Compute state
UNIT-I
(a)A linear time invariant systemis characterized by the homogeneous
[
Xl 1-[1 O] [X
I
].
equation X
z
J - 1 1 X
z
.
Q2

homogeneous equation, assuming initial statevector. (5)

. C(s) .s: +6
(b)For the transfer function R() =z 5 6' Obtain state space
. S S + s+
model by series (cascade) decomposition. (7.5)
Y C-t..')
Q3 (a)Definestate variabies and derive state space model of the following
electrical circuit. \)L{) (6.5)
8
fv'/'tI ttL-. -~ \__ ,
(\ C~- --I t
r, G:
--J; cL* - )
l
I
I
(b)Test and state controllability andobservability of theabovesystem. (6)
UNIT-II
Q4 (a)Differentiatebetween zeroorder holdand-first order hold.
.
(4)
P. T. O.
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(b)Consider the system shown in figure. Obtain closed loop
transfer function C(Z)jR(Z). Alsoobtain expression for C(s).
s
Q5 (a)Obfain Z transform of XeS) = (s+1)2(s +2) by usmg (1) partial
fraction expansion method and (2)theresidue method. (6.5)
(b)Obtain the . inverse Z transform of
Xf
Z
) = 0.368z
2
+0.478z+0.159
~ (z -1)Z2 by use of inversion integral
Q6
method.
UNIT-III .
(a)DefineLyapunov stability criteria.
(b)If a system is described by following state
[
X I ] [0 1][ X
1
]
X 2 = - 1 - 1 x
2
Determine stability of thesystem.
(6)
(4)
equation,
(8.5)
Q7 (a)Find describing function for the non-linearity- Relay with dead zone
andhysteresis. (6)
(b)What arelimit cycles? Howcan stability of alimit cyclecanbejudged
byperturbation technique? (6.5)
UNIT-IV
Q8 (a)What is mean by adaptive control? What is the objective and
adaptation procedure? (6.5) )
(~)Explain Model ReferenceAdaptiveCpntrol (MRAC)Technique. (6)
Q9 (a)Explain T-SFuzzy Model taking example ofwashing machine. (6.5)
(b)Threefuzzysets aregivenasfollows: -
p =e ~! +0~3+ i +0~4+~~}
Q ={ o.! +0.3+0.3+0.4 +0.5 +0.2}
. 0. 1 0. 2 0. 3 0. 4 0. 5 0~6
T {0. 1 0. 7 0. 3}
= 0+0.5+-1- .Performfollowingoperations onfuzzysets-
(i) R=PxQ (ii)S=QxT (iii)M=RoS (6)
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..Ci)
END TERMEXAMINATION
EIGHTH SEMESTER B.TECH.] MAy-JUNE 2012
Paper Code: ETEE404 Subject: Flexible A.C. Transmission System I
Time: 3 Hours Maximum Marks :75
Note: Attempt any five question including Q.no.1 which is compulsory. Select one
question from each unit.
(Please write your Ex.am Roll No.)
Ql (a)A fixed shunt capacitor is placed in parallel with the controlled
susceptance of TCR. Why? (5x5=25)
(b)What isloadcompensation?
(c)Explain syrnmetricalline.
(el) W-ritetwodifferences between series and shunt compensators.
(e).~amefour characteristics of disturbance causing variation involtage.
UNIT-I
Q2 (a)Explain the voltage and current profiles for symmetrical line when
receivingendiskept open. (6.5)
(b)Explain the effect of pf on receiving-end voltage in uncompensated
lineunder load. (6)
Q3 (a)Explain different methods ofvoltagecontrol intransmission line. (6)
(b)Explain the methods of obtaining flat voltage profilein transmission
lines and discuss.its importance. (6.5)
UNIT-II
Q4 (a)Why compensation is required for transmission lines? Explain the
objectives of compensation. . (6)
(b)Why there is a need of uniformly distributed compensation in
transmission line? Explainitseffect onvoltagecontrol. (6.5)
Q5 (a)Explainthedifferencebetween passive and activecompensators. (6)
(b)Describe how the midpoint shunt reactors mitigate the midpoint
voltagesagunder load? (6.5)
UNIT-III
Q6 (a)Explain the principle of operation, of TCR. Explain howit is made to
generate reactive power? (6)
(b)Explain thecharacteristics andoperation of synchronous condenser. (6.5)
Q7 (a)Explain thetwobasic schemes of operation of IPC. (6)
(b)Showhowtheactiveand reactivepo~er iscontrolled independently in
UPFC? . (6.5)
UNIT-IV
Q8 (a)Drawand explain theflowchart of anoptimal power Howalgorithm. (6.5)
(b)List out the benefits for application of a reactive power dispatching
strategy. (6)
Q9 Writeshort notes onthefollowing: -
(a)Subsynchronous Resonance :
(b)Concept of reactivepower optimization.
(c) Passiveshunt compensation.
(4+4+4.5)
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END TERM EXAMINATION
MAy-J UNE 2012
Subject: Instrumentation
Time: 3Hours Maximum Maries:75
I Note: Attempt all questions. Q.no.1is compulsory. Internal choice is indicated~
Q1 (a)Explain the working of a spectrum analyzer with the help of ablock
diagram.
(b)Whyisregulated power supply necessary for signal generators?
(c)What isinduction heating? What areits advantages?
(d)What arethefunctions of robot auxillary control devices?
(e)Explain theprinciple of Permanent Magnet Motors. (5x5=25)
Q2 (a)How an instrumentation amplifier is different from an ordinary
operational amplifier? Draw the basic instrumentation amplifier
circuit. (6)
(b)Explain the principle and working of digital storage oscilloscope with
thehelpof block diagram. (6.5)
OR
Q3 Explain in detail the principle and working ofIV1agneticTape Recorders
withsuitable diagrams. Discuss their advantages and applications. (12. 5)
Q4 (a)Withthe help of neat diagramexplain the constructional features of a
stepper motor. Derive an expression for the stepping angle of a
stepper motor having m-phases and nnumber of rotor teeth. (6)
(b)Explain the principle of operation of variable frequency inverter with
suitable diagram. What areits applications? (6.5)
OR
Q5 (a)Discuss various types of timers. Explain the working of Dashpot
Timer indetai1. (6)
(b)Explain the construction and working of a Permanent Magnet
machine. What aretheir unique features? Also, discuss its function as
acontroller. (6.5)
Q6 (a)What is the principle of dielectric heating? Explain its equivalent
circuit withvector diagram. What areits applications? (6.5)
(b)Explain the principle and working of automatic weighing system.
State its applications. (6)
OR
Q7 What is humidity? What. is the difference between absolute and relative
humidity? Explain with a block diagram how relative humidity can be
controlled inacomputer warehouse? (12.5)
Q8 (a)What is binary number system? Why is it preferred to the decimal
system for use incomputers? Howcan binary numbers beconverted
todecimal numbers and vice-versa? I (6.5)
(b)What isarobot and what areits uses? Ex~lain thecontrol scheme for
pick and placerobot withablock diagram.' (6)
OR
Q9 (a)What is a digital counter? What are its uses? Discuss synchronous
counters indetail. (6.5)
(b)Discuss the functions of various components of PLC. Drawatypical
ladder diagramfor starting and stopping of aninduction motoL (6)
* * * * * * * * * * * *
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(Please writeyour Exam Roll No.) .. ( \ " Exam Roll No...............
END TERM EXAMINATION
EIGHTH SEMESTER (B.TECH. MAy-JUNE 2012
Paper Code: ETEE422 Subject: Power Quality Management
Time: 3Hours MaximumMarks :75
I Note: Q.no.1is compulsory. Attempt one question from eachunit. ~
Ql Answer the followingquestions inbrief: - (2. 5xlO=25)
(a) Why is Power Quality soimportant?
(b) Differentiate between voltage sagand swell.
(c) What is theneed of monitoring inpower quality?
(d) What doyoumean by Power Quality Management?
(e) Explain the term- Electromagnetic Compatibility.
(f) Describe the selection criteria for Harmonic filters.
(g) What is theimportance of harmonic analysis?
(h) Discuss the effect of harmonics within thepower ,system.
(i) What causes Power Quality problems?
U) What will happen totheloadif electrical systemdoes not followIEEE std-519?
UNIT-I
different International Power Quality Standards and Regulations in
(6. 5)
purpose of IEEE recommended practice for monitoring
(6)
(a) Explain the
detail.
(b) Discuss the overview and
Power Quality.
Q2
(
Q3 (a) Explain IEEE std519 and IEEE std 1159indetai1.
(b) Writeshort notes onthe following: -
(i) Sources of pollutions (ii)Electromagnetic Susceptibility
(6. 5)
(6)
(iii)Electric Noise
UNIT-II
Q4 (a) Discuss in detail the ,phenomena of voltage sag and swell and also mention the
various measures should betaken toovercome these power quality problems. (6.5)
(b) Give detail explanation of the electromagnetic phenomena of "transients". Also,
discuss the types of transients and their effects onpower system. (6)
Q5 (a) What doyou mean by waveformdistortion? Mention and explain the various types
of waveformdistortion indetai1. (6.5)
(b) Explain the term power quality monitoring. Also, discuss its objectives and its
necessity inpower quality studies. (6)
UNIT-III
Q6 (a) Explain in detail the power quality term "Harmonic Analysis". Also discuss its
objective and necessity inpower quality studies. (6.5)
(b) Discuss indetail the concept interference of EHVlines with communication system. (6)
Q7 (a) Name and explain briefly the various types of harmonics sources with neat
sketches. (6.5)
(b) Explain transformer magnetization and how do magnetization affects the electrical
system? (6)
UNIT-IV
Q8 (a) Explain harmonics filters indetai1. Also, mention the selection criteria for harmonic
filters. (6.5)
(b) Explain the term Power Conditioning. Also, discuss the need of power conditioners
and their applications inelectrical system. I (6)
Q9 (a) Discuss the various measures one should
duration of outages indistribution system.
(b) Writeshort notes onthefollowing: -
(i) VoltageDisturbance
(ii) Emergency and standby power supplies
(iii)Uninterruptible Power Supplies
* * * * * * * * * * * *
take to minimize the frequency and
( 6. 5)
(6)
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(Please write your Exam Roll No.) Exam Roll No .
EIGHTH SEMESTER B.TECH. - MAY J UNE 2011
END TERM EXAMINATION
Paper Code:ETEE402 Subject: Advanced Control System
TIme: 3Hours Maximum Marks: 75
Note: Attempt jive questions including Q.no.l wh.ich is compulsory. Select one
question from each unit:
Ql (a] Find state transition matrix eAtfor given matrix A ~ I. I OJ .
ill
For the given state equations test the controllability- r-I 0
X::;j:2 -1
l-3 I
3] r'] Y =[1
-I x+IO 11
-} L0
2 (b]
(c) Consider the following second order non differential equation d' x +x) (dX _ 1)+x =O.
d/' dt
(i) Determine the points of equilibrium.
(ii) Investigate the stability of the system near each point of equilibrium.
Draw the phase plane trajectory for the differential equation d'x dx with initial condition
--;-+.\'-""'=0
elf If
(d)
(e]
x(Oll and ~(O) ~ 0
dt
A linear system is described by the state equation x" =1~)2
by using LY PAUNOV's Theorem.
I: investigate the stability of the system
-J(
(5x5=25)
Q2
UNITI
Consider the system with state equation r XI ::j _[ 0
i x, - 0
LX1
U
-6
(a] Transform above equation into canonical form.
(b) Test the controllability of the system in part 2(a).
I
a
-II
(12.5)
Q3 (a) State and explain the controllability and observability of the system.
(hi n..,srcribethe state space representation of asystem in different canon ical forms.
Q4
UNITII
(a) Define a discrete system and indicate how it is different from continuous system?
(b) Find the pulse transfer function of a pure Integrator with and without hold element.
(12.5)
Q5 [a] Derive Z transform of COS{J)t .
[b] Find Z transform of the function S(t) =te -at .
Q6
UNITIII
la} Derive the describing function for non linearity as shown in fig-I. ( 6. 5)
'1~-----r--
\
\
I
I
----... '--
Determine the describing function of a non linear device if the input x(t) and output y(t) are related
through the following differential equation (tlx).t , dx .
.)l(I)~ ~ +x-
ell ell
Q7 (a) Consider a linear system described by the second-order differern ia! equation d'~ +a dT +x =O.
dt : dt
[b]
(6)
Determine -
(i) 1\ suitable LYaPunov function for this system.
[ii] Find the range of values K and a for the system to be stable.
(b) Discuss the POPOV's stability criteria.
( 6. 5)
( 6)
Q8
UNIT-IV
(a) Discuss the logic of model reference adaptive control and sclf tunning regulator.
(b) Find the similarities and differences between the two configuration as in Q.8(al.
( 6. 5)
(6)
Q9 [a] Discuss various advantages to use fuzzy logic.
(b) Discuss the Fuzzy Controller architecture in brief.
(6)
( 6. 5)
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(Please write your Exam. Roll No.) Exam. Roll No .
END TERM EXAMINATION
EIGHTH SEMESTER [B.TECH.], MAY - 2011
Paper Code: ETEE-404 Subject: Flexible A.C. Transmission System
Time: 3Hours Maximum Marks: 75
Note: Question no. 1is compulsory. Attempt One question from each unit.
Q. 1. (a)
..(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
.. . .
Why the line is loaded normally to about 40 not on 70.
,Draw the fundamental Y-I characteristics of TSC .
Mention different objectives of line compensation:
Why the FACT devices are necessary for healthy power system.
What do you understand by SIL?
Explain :-
(i) Small signal stability
(ii) Transient stability
( 4)
(4)
( 4)
( 4)
( 4)
(5)
UNIT - I
Q. 2. (a) Explain why reactive power isinjected i~the vicinity of load
centre rather than generated at power stations.
( 6)
(b) Draw and explain the V-I profile as a function of length for
uncompensated transmission line when it is open circuited at
receiving end.
(6.5) .
Q. 3~ (a) Why aflat voltage profile is desired for transmission line?
Suggest various methods to achieve the same.
(b) Discuss the behaviour of uncompensated line for different
power factor under load conditions.
(6.5)
(6)
UNIT - II
Q. 4. (a) What are the different constraints which limit the reactive
power generation of alternator?
(6)
1 P.T.O.
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(b) What is SSR problem? How it can besupressed by using NOH (6.5)
damping scheme.
Q. 5. (a) Explain how the transient free switching is possible for TSC. (6)
(b) What db you understand by line compensation? Discuss its types. (6.5)
UNIT III
Q. 6. (a) Discuss load abili ty curve in detail. (6)
(b) A 208V, Y connected, 3<1> synchronous motor has a synchronous ( 6. 5)
~
reactance of 4 ohm/phase and negligible 'armature winding
resistance. At acertain load, themotor take72kW at 0.8pf lagging
if the power developed by motor remains the same while the
excitation voltage is increased by 50% by raising the field
excitation. Determine the new
(i) Armature current
(ii) Power factor
Q. 7. (a) Explain the mathematical models for reactive power management.
,
(6)
(b) Why reactive power dispatching strategies are required to improve
\power systemoperation? ( 6. 5)
~
UNIT IV
Q. 8. (a) Explain UPFC in detail and showhow it can control P and Q (6.5)
.independently.
(b) Discuss the operation of IPFC and its importance. ( 6)
Q. 9. Write short notes on :
(a) Phase control law of TCR. ( 6. 5)
(b) Synchronous condenser as voltage controlling device. ( 6)

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(Please write your Exam Roll No.)
END TERM EXAMINATION
Exam Roll No .
.TECH. -MAyJ UNE2011
Subject: Embedded Systems
Time: 3Hours Maximum Marks: 75
Note: Attempt any five questions including Q.no.l which is compulsory. I
Ql Distinguish between the followingterms with examples:-
(a)Target and Host
(b)In-circuited Emulator and Simulator
(c) Linker and Locator
(d)USBcommunication and 12Ccommunication
(e)Stack Addressing and Direct Addressing of 8051
(5x5=25)
Q2 What is co-design? Explain it with the help of diagram? Compare co-
design with traditional design of embedded systems. What is the
status of PC, SP, PO,PSWand IEupon reset of 8051? (6+4+2.5)
OR
.~, Draw the tool chain used for embedded systems applications
~/ development and explain each tool with example. Is it possible to use
the tool chain used for desktop applications development for
embedded systems? J ustify your answer. (6+4+2.5)
Q3 Explain the 8051 architecture with the help of block diagram and
showhowit is different fromthe 8085/8086 microprocessors? (10+2.5)
OR
Explain the timer programming in 8051 and write a program to
generate the square waveat PO.Obyusing timerOmodel with external
clock frequency of 12MHz and also calculate the frequency of the
square wave. (5+5+2.5)
Q4 Explain the procedure used for serial data communication with
reference to 8051 and write a program to send a word "IPU" with a
baud rate cif9600. (Assumeany missing data) (6+6.5)
OR
Explain the interrupt structure in 8051 along with the interrupt
priority register. Write a program for toggling the LED connected to
the PO.Obyusing the timer 1interrupt? (6+6.5)
Q5 Show the Interfacing diagram that illustrates the 8051 interfacing
with ADC and explain. the function of each signal.. Howit is different
[romthe DACinterfacing? (5.5+5+2)
OR
Show the Interfacing diagram that illustrates the 8051 interfacing
with stepper motor and write a program to rotate the steper motor
clockwise? Howdoyou control the speed and direction of the motor? (5.5+5+2)
************
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l~!-~
END TERMEXAMINATION
(Please write your Exam Roll No.)
EIGHTH SEMESTER B.TECH. MA y-2010
Supject: Advanced Control System
Maximum Maries :75
Note: Q.1 is compulsory. Attempt one question from each unit I
c
>
Q1 fa) Represent the differential equation instate variable formand findthe
, . . . d
Z
y 3dy (
state transltIOn matrIX dt
Z
+ dt +2y = u t) . (5)
(b)For the following state equation of a MIMO system
X =AX +BU and Y =CX +DU show that the transfer matrix take the
followingformG(S)= C(SI- Ar
1
B+D. (5)
(c)Draw the phase plane portrait of the system defined by
x
1
=X
j
+X
2
, x
2
=2x]+x
z
. (5)
(d)Determine the pulse transfer function for the sampled data control
systemshown infig.I. (5)
~T ~R~l1+, f ~I X_ . -;-~Is~~ J
(e)What doyouunderstand by adaptive control system? (5)
UNIT~I
Q2 (a)Consider the dynamics of a non-homogenous system as
x(t) = [ 1JX(t) +[oJu(t) and output yet) = [1 }x(t) given the initial
-6 -5 1
condition as x(O) =[lOY, where u(t) is a unit step input. Determine'
theoutput y(t)at t=lsec. (7.5)
(b)Writeany fiveproperties of state transition matrix, ,p(t). (5)
Q3 (a)Check the controtability and observabi1ity of a system having
followingcoefficient matrix:-
A~ r~ ~ ~J , B=lr~l and C
T
=f1
S
0J . (7.5)
L-6 -11 -6 d I I
(b)A mechanical system is shown infig.2. Choose x(t) and xU ) as state
variable and represent systemequations instate spaceform. (5)
)-~~ J e.-(t)
fCc) iQMd--~
t B
UNIT-II
Q4 (a)What arethe advantages of Discrete data control systems.
(b)Solvethe difference equation using Ztransform method
x(K +2) - O.lx(K +1)- 0.2x(K) = 2Us(K)
r(K) = Us(K) for K = 0,1,2.... Givenx(O)=O,x(l)=O.
(5)
where
(7.5)
P . T. O.
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Q5
[-2-]
(a)Deterrrii'nethez-transform of followingfunction F(8) == 2(8 +1) . (6)
. . .. S(S +5)
(b)Given the state equation :-r(K +1)= Ax(K) where A = [0 1] Find the
0.5 1.'
state transition matrix (K). (6.5)
~.) .
UNIT-III
Q6 la) Describe any twotype of non-linearity which are present inacontrol
system. (5)
(b)Derivethedescribing function for non-linearity showninfigure-3. (7.5)
~ to
1-; ~.{ Q7
:
Fl4.- 3
I \
(a)Determine the amplitude and frequency of the limit cycle of the
systemshown infigA. (7.5)
i I
~
~-\
(5)
(6)
(6.5)
..
I
I .1
(b)Explain Liapnov stability criteria.
I
!
UNIT-IV
(a)What arethevarious functions of anadaptive controller?
(b)Describeindetail model referenceadaptive control system.
.Q8 . \.
Q9 (a)Giveexample of Fuzzy rulefor control of any practical control system,
wherefuzzy logicisapplied. (6)
(b)What are various Fuzzy membership function which can be applied
for decision making inacontrol system. (6.5)
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(Please write your Exam Roll No.) Exam Roll No .
END TERM EXAMINATION
EIGHTH SEMESTER IS.TECH. MAY-2010
Subject: Flexible A. C. Transmission System
Maximum Marks :75
Note: Q.1 is compulsory. Attempt one question from each unit. ,
I Paper Code: ETEE404
Time: 3Hours
I
Ql
Q2
Q3
(a) What is FlexibleACtransmission system (FACTS)and mention its objectives? (3)
(b) Explain why TCR is preferred over TSC when acontinuous voltage control of alens
isrequired? (3)
(c) Explain the need of filters inthyristor based compensators. (3)
(d) DrawElementary circuit diagram of TSC and explain the purpose of reactor used. (3)
(e) Drawthe V-I operating curve of TCR. (3)
(f) Why it is not possible to achieve simultaneously both unity p.f and zero voltage
regulation. (3)
(g) What doyou understand by comensation of lines? (3)
(h) Discuss the reactive power requirement for power transmission linewhen- (4)
(i) Lineloading is greater than SIL (ii)Lineloading isless than SIL
UNIT-I
(a) With relevant derivation and diagram, show that the line length and p.f. affects the
voltage and p.f. of uncompensated lineunder load. (6.5)
(b) Derivethat the system voltage isafunction of reactive power. (6)
(a) Explain and draw the voltage and current profile for uncompensated transmission
lines under no loadconditions. (6.5)
(b) Explain the reasons for variation of voltage in power system and suggest different
methods tocontrol the voltage profile. (6)
Q4
UNIT-II
(a) Explain the series and shunt compensation of line and discuss their effect on the
surge impedance loading of the line if the shunt compensation is 100%. What
happens to SIL and voltage profile? (6.5)
(b) Compare passive and active compensator with suitable examples. (6)
(6)
Q5 (a) Explain with neat diagram the operation of basic TCR and its control law with
relevant derivation. (6.5)
(b) Bycombining the effects of series and shunt compensation, showthat
. ~I-Ksc
(i) 20 =20
1- K
SH
Q6
Q7
Q8
Q9
UNIT-III
(a) Fromthe hydropower plant of 9000MW is tobetransmitted to aload centre located
500Km from the plant based on practical line loadability criterion. Determine the
no. of 3~, 60hz lines required totransmit the power for the followingcases:- (6.5)
(i)345KV lines with Zc=297 ohm (ii)765KV lines with Zc=266ohm
Assume Vs=lpu, Vr=0.95p.u. and 8= 35and assume that the lines are
uncompensated and widely separated such that there is negligible mutual coupling
between them.
(b) Discuss the benefits of Reactive power dispatching strategy to improve power
system operation. (6)
(al A manufacturing plant uses 100KVA at 0.6pf lagging under normal operation. A
synchronous condenser is added to the system toimprove the overall pf. Thepower
required by synchronous condenser is lOKW. Determine the overall pf when
synchronous condenser is operating at 0.5pf leading. What must be the pf of the
synchronous condenser toimprove the overall pf to0.9 lagging? (6.5)
(b) Discuss various mathematical modeling tools for reactive power management. (6)
UNIT-IV
(a) Explain the operation of unified power flow controller with suitable diagram.
Discuss its functional capabilities. (6.5)
(b) Discuss loadability characteristics of overhead transmission line. (6)
(a) Discuss indetail the operation of IPFC and its importance. (6.5)
(b) Explain the phenomenon of sub-synchronous resonance and suggest the measures
tocontrol this problem. (6)
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