TEACHING MODULE ON INFANT CARE AFTER DISCHARGE

SUBMITTED BY: Keith R. Madarang

SUBMITTED TO: MRS. Helen P. Agustin RN, MSN, MAN

Module Title: Health Education on Infants Safety Module Description: This module was formed to inform parents (new and old) on ways to care for their infants after discharge. CONTENT METHODOLOGIES/ LEARNING STRATEGIES One on One Session Giving of pamphlets complete with pictures. DURATION RESOURCES EVALUATION/ASSESSMENT REFERENCES

1. Assess prior knowledge of infant. 2. Assess readiness to learn, include stage of postpartum (pain, wants to be pampered). 3. Assess environment and prepare as needed. Teach normal bowel patterns. Knowledge of bowel patterns can alert and prepare for any abnormalities. Knowing the patterns can also reduce any new anxieties. 3 sessions: 2 hours per day Laptop Pamphlets Readymade questionnaire for the interview Paper 4. Teach normal voiding patterns. Informs parents of Let the learners adequate urine output and gives them some knowledge of answer an abnormalities. essay type to Breastfed baby: meconium (black, tarry stool) for the 1st 24relate their 48 hours, then transitional (green, brown, then yellow), current followed by stools that are golden yellow and pasty with situation odor of sour milk. 6-12 BMs a day are typical. regarding st Bottle fed baby: Meconium for the 1 24-48 hours, then parenting transitional (green, brown, then yellow), followed by stools that are pale yellow/light brown with firmer consistency and odor. 1-2 BMs a day are typical. 5. Teach proper diapering and cleansing of peri area. Proper care prevents infections. 6. Teach cord care. Keeping the cord clean will aid in preventing infections and possible complications. 7. Teach normal voiding patterns. Informs parents of adequate urine output and gives them some knowledge of Pen Evaluation for the program Essay type question and answer MILLER, C. ET AL. Researching professional education, learning styles and facilitatingreflect ion. London, English National Board For Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting, 1994. B.E. Chalmers and G.F. Hofmeyr_School of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg and Department ofObstetrics &Gynaecology, Coronation Hospital,

abnormalities. 1st and 2nd days of life: 2-6 wet diapers a day. Breastfed: >8/day. Bottle fed: 6-8/day. 8. Teach proper diapering and cleansing of peri area. Proper care prevents infections. Clean genital area daily and after voiding/defecation with soap and water only. Clean retracted foreskin until resistance is felt (do not force) on uncircumcised boys. Cleanse folds of vagina from pubic area to anus. 9. Teach cord care. Keeping the cord clean will aid in preventing infections and possible complications. Fold diaper down. Inspect for signs of infection (redness, purulent drainage, bleeding, granuloma, and foul odor). Clean with warm water. Leave clamped until cord is dried out. Advise parents the cord will fall off in approximately 1015 days. 10. Teach circumcision care. Proper care of the penis can prevent infections and complications. Use petroleum jelly or other ointment over the penis with each diaper change and avoid getting penis wet from a bath until healing is complete. Yellow exudate is normal and should not be removed. Change diaper every 4 hours to avoid the penis sticking to the diaper. Cleanse penis with warm water and gentle soap. 11. Teach use of bulb syringe. Helps maintain patent airway by removing any obstructions. Position infant so gravity is facilitating the drainage. Compress the bulb, inserting the tip in the side of mouth or one nostril. Release the bulb causing suction to remove the

Johannesburg, South Africa

obstruction. 12. Teach how to take temperature and normal temperature range. Parents will have an understanding for safe and accurate techniques to assessing temperature. Knowing norms will allow for prompt treatment. Place thermometer in the midline of the axilla (arm-pit) and hold infants arm to their chest. Normal temperature ranges are 97.6-98.6* F. 13. Teach how to control crying infant and danger of harsh crying. Harsh crying causes increased heart rate and decreased respirations. Swaddle infant in blankets, talk to baby in soft tone, allow infant to suck on breast, bottle, or pacifier. Use sensory soothing methods, rock or place infant in lap with chest down while rubbing or gently massaging back. A sudden bout of crying could indicate illness, teething, or pain. 14. Teach how to observe for newborn jaundice. Signs and symptoms of jaundice alert mother to any potential problems or abnormalities allowing her to seek medical attention. Yellowing starts at the head and works down to the toes, tinting the whites of the eyes. The infant may show signs of decreased activity and poor feeding. 15. Teach blanket wrapping. Enhances thermoregulation, also helps infant feel secure and comfortable. Spread blanket, fold one corner down, take one side and fold over infant. Repeat x 2. 16. Teach safety issues. This prevents accident-injury to infant.

Hold infant in proper positions to prevent accident. Maintain clean environment for infant. Have a car seat that is suitable for infants up to 20 pounds. Keep infant away from second hand smoke. Do not allow street drugs to be taken in the infants home. 17Teach infant stimulation and activity. This encourages bonding of the baby with parents and family while allowing activities suitable for growth and development. Within a few days of birth, infants can lift head briefly while in the prone position. Infants can view objects 9-12 away from face. Use contrasting black and white items for infant stimulation. Provide furry blankets for tactile stimulation. 18.Teach purpose of: a. Hepatitis B. Educate parents about immunizations and testing. Hib vaccination prevents the Hepatitis virus which causes cancer of the liver and cirrhosis. b. PKU. This is a metabolic disorder in which individuals are unable to metabolize phenylalanine. A blood test is taken a few days after birth to test for this disorder. 19.Teach when to call M.D. This allows for prompt intervention and treatment for illness, accident, or injury. Wet diapers <5/day, circumcision has bleeding, bright redness, or discolored exudate. Cord has bleeding and odorous drainage. 20.Teach the importance of M.D. follow-up appointments. This is important to the health and well-being of the child Parents should plan appointments within 3-5 days of an early discharge to assess for jaundice, feeding, and

elimination. Another appointment should be made when the infant is 2-4 weeks of age and then every 2 months until 6-7 months old. 21. Teach importance of immunizations and sources for receiving them. Immunizations reduce the risk of communicable diseases. Resources are valuable in obtaining proper immunizations in the event of lack of health insurance. According to the CDC, Hib #1 is given directly after birth. Hib#2 is given within 1-4 months. DTAP is given at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. OPV is given at 2-4 months of age. Influenza is yearly. Referral to the health department is an excellent resource to establish vaccinations if there is a lack of health insurance.

The goal of the mother demonstrates or states understanding of infant care in the areas listed was met AEB: ABC stated an understanding or demonstrated her capability in each of the areas mentioned. ABC was very receptive to learning about how to care for her new baby.

We would appreciate it if you would complete an evaluation of the course on the following form.

Please give your responses for all topics covered in the program. There are no right or wrong answers. Your own perceptions are important to us as a way of improving our program for future delegates. Thank you for your help. Participant Ratings: Please check each session according to the scale indicated in the table: 5: Very Satisfactory 4: satisfactory 3: good 2: fair 1: poor SESSIONS 1. Timing of the health education. 2. Usefulness of the topic 3. 4. 5. 6.

7.8.9.
TEACHING METHODS
1. Visual aids, handouts, and oral presentations clarified content 2. Teaching methods were appropriate for subject matter

SAMPLE EVALUATION FORM #1

Topic Title: _________________________________________________________ Participant's Name (optional): _______________________________________ EVALUATION TOOL We appreciate your help in evaluating this program. Please indicate your rating of the presentation in the categories below by circling the appropriate number, using a scale of 1 (low) through 5 (high). Please fill out both sides of this form: OBJECTIVES
This program met the stated objectives of: 1. Identify three types of neurological complications often found after traumatic brain injury. 2. Identify three types of other traumatic complications often found after traumatic brain injury. 3. List two types of medications to be avoided after traumatic brain injury.

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

SPEAKERS (generally)
1. Knowledgeable in content areas 2. Content consistent with objectives 3. Clarified content in response to questions

1 2 3 4 5 CONTENT
1. Appropriate for intended audience 2. Consistent with stated objectives

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

TEACHING METHODS
1. Visual aids, handouts, and oral presentations clarified content 2. Teaching methods were appropriate for subject matter

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Knowledgeable in Content area Content consistent with objectives Clarified content in response to questions

FACULTY

Dr. Smith

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

COMMENTS:

RELEVANCY
1. Information could be applied to practice 2. Information could contribute to achieving personal, professional goals 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

FACILITY
1. Was adequate and appropriate for session 2. Was comfortable and provided adequate space 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

This program enhanced my professional expertise.

____ Substantially

____ Somewhat

____ Not at all

I would recommend this program to others.

____ Yes

____ No

____ Not sure

COMMENTS/PROGRAM IMPROVEMENTS:
I would like (name of APA-approved sponsor) to provide seminars or workshops on the following topics:

IN GENERAL
Do you prefer: ____half-day seminars ____full-day seminars ___multi-day seminars

Do you prefer seminars in:

____hotels

____hospital

____no preference

How much time do you need to respond to a program announcement? ____less than 1 month ____4 to 6 weeks ____more than 6 weeks How did you learn about this program? ____brochure ____supervisor ____colleague

____other

How far did you travel to attend this program? ____0-25 miles ____25-50 miles ____50-100 miles

____over 100 miles

If you would like to comment in person, please feel free to call the Office of Education at [phone number].

THANK YOU

SAMPLE EVALUATION FORM #2

Workshop Evaluation

A. Course Design (Circle the number to indicate your level of agreement/disagreement with each of the aspects of course design.)

Strongly agree 1. The program content met my needs. 1 2

Strongly disagree 3 4 5

2.

Length of the course was adequate

3.

What did you like most about the course?

4.

What specific things did you like least about the course?

5.

If the course was repeated, what should be left out or changed?

B. Course objectives (Circle the number to indicate your level of agreement/disagreement with the degree to which course objectives were met.)

Strongly agree 1. Understanding of prevalence and diversity of mental health problems among the elderly 1 2

Strongly disagree 3 4 5

2.

Skills development in the area of and group therapy

3.

Increases knowledge in the area and of documentation

4.

Awareness of available psychological and assessment tools

5.

Information on expected standard and for clinical contributions

6.

Knowledgeable of responsibilities of and Area and District Managers

7.

Knowledge of credentialing and and scoring

8.

Increases knowledge of policy issues and

C. Evaluation of each faculty member in stated area:

Strongly agree

Strongly disagree

1.

Content was presented in an organized

2.

Content was presented clearly and effectively

3.

Was responsive to questions/comments

4.

Teaching aids/audiovisuals were used effectively

5.

Teaching style was effective

6.

Content met stated objectives

7.

Content presented was applicable to my practice

D. As a result of attending this course, I see the value to me in the following ways (check all that apply): ___I gained one or more specific ideas that I can implement in my area of practice. ___I learned a new approach to my practice. ___It may help me do a better job. ___I do not see the impact of this course on my job. ___Other

E. By attending this course, I believe (check all that apply): ___I was able to update my skills. ___I acquired new and/or advanced skills. ___I have better knowledge upon which to base my decisions/actions in the practice setting. ___I am reconsidering my views toward the topic(s) presented. ___The topic presented was appropriate, but I am undecided as to my own views. ___Other

E. Facilities/Arrangements (Circle the appropriate number to indicate your level of satisfaction or circle NA if the item is not applicable to you.) Unsatisfactory 1. Lodging 2. Food Services 3. Meeting rooms and facilities 4. Restrooms 5. Day of week 6. Time of day 7. Location 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Satisfactory 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Comments:

Overall I would rate this workshop as: ___Excellent ___Good ___Average ___Poor

Other learning needs: (List any other topics you would be interested in for the future)

SAMPLE EVAULATION FORM #3

In order to continue to improve the quality of educational programming, the Department of Psychiatry, would appreciate you taking a few minutes of your time to complete this evaluation. Your comments and suggestion will help us to plan future lectures to meet your educational needs.

SESSION TITLE: SESSION DATE: PRESENTER:

1. Please rate the degree to which the following objectives of this series/lecture were met (5=Completely; 4=to a high degree; 3=moderately; 2=minimally; 1=not at all) Upon completion of this program, I will be able to: Conceptualize cases from the point of view of a cognitive therapist 5 Understand a range of techniques that could be applied in each situation 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1

For questions below: 5=Strongly Agree; 4=Agree; 3=Neutral; 2=Disagree; 1=Strongly Disagree 2. I acquired new skills or knowledge in relation to topic discussed 3. The Lecture description was accurate 4. The teaching format/length was suitable to content 5. The teaching level was appropriate to audience 6. The quality of the facilities was adequate for learning 7. Presenter for this session: 5 5 5 4 5 5 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1

Excellent Expressed ideas clearly Presented useful examples Thoroughness of content Speaking/teaching ability Effectiveness of audiovisual aids Responsiveness to questions Handouts

Good

Fair 4 4 4 4 4 4

Poor 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1

8. Where did you learn about this Lecture? Printed brochure Colleague Website Other:

9. Suggestions for future topics, as well as comments on how this program could be improved to better suit your educational needs are always welcomed. .