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UC Berkeley Physics
(picture has nothing whatsoever to do with talk)
Caused by time-varying (AC) electric eld, typically a laser. Shift of atomic levels Mixing of atomic levels Splitting of atomic levels
(another pretty but irrelevant picture)
DC Stark Shift
|2, 0, 0 |2, 1, 1 |2, 1, 0 |2, 1, +1
Constant DC electric eld Usually rst-order (degenerate) pert. theory is sufcient DC Stark Effect can lift degeneracies, mix states
AC !time-varying elds Attainable DC elds typically much smaller (105 V / cm, versus 1010 V / cm for AC) AC Stark Effect can be much harder to calculate.
One-level Atom
Monochromatic variable eld Atom has dipole moment d, polarizability ". Thus, interaction has the following form:
1 2 2 Hint = dF cos t F cos t 2 Now, we solve the following using the Floquet theorem: d i = Hint dt
(r, t) = exp(iEa t)
k=
Ck (r) exp(ik t)
with
1 2 Ea (F ) = F , 4 (1) JS
k
Ck =
S =
F 2 8
Jk+2S
dF
Arguments of Bessel functions in are small, so only the k=S=0 term in is signicant. Quasi-harmonics not populated, basically just get AC Stark shift Ea
Bessel functions in kill all terms except S=0, and k=dF/# Only quasi-harmonics with energies dF are populated, so we get a splitting of the level into two equal populations
Only populated quasi-energy harmonics are those with 2 dF F k 4 Thus, have splitting of levels, get energies
F 2 F 2 E (F ) = dF 4 4
3 c I Ei = 3 2 0
intensity
c2 ij ij
detuning: %ij = # - #ij
AC Stark in Alkalis
(a)
2
P3
F=3
2
! HFS ! FS
,
P1
F=2
2
F=1
"
I = 3/2
F=2
2
S1
! HFS F=1
c Udip (r) = 3 2 0
(b)
(c)
I (r)
L=0
J=
c Udip (r) = 3 2 0
2 + P g F mF 1 P g F mF + 2,F 1,F
I (r)
detuning between 2S1/2,F=2 and 2P3/2 detuning between 2S1/2,F=1 and 2P1/2 F, mF are relevant ground state quantum numbers
References
N B Delone, V P Kra(nov. Physics-Uspekhi 42, (7) 669-687 (1999) R Grimm, M Weidemller. Adv. At., Mol., Opt. Phys. 42, 95 (2000) or arXiv:physics/9902072 A Kaplan, M F Andersen, N Davidson. Phys. Rev. A 66, 045401 (2002)