SPIRITUAL ASSESSMENT RELIGION Definition: Rituals, practices that involves a search for the sacred such as God, Allah,

etc. that are shared within a group. Defining Characteristics: - Formal - Organized - Group- oriented - Ritualistic - Objective, as in easily measurable (Church attendance)

SPIRITUALITY Definition: A search for meaning and purpose in life, which seeks to understand lifes ultimate questions in relation to the sacred. Defining Characteristics: - Informal - Non- organized - Experience - Subjective, as in difficult to consistently measure (daily spiritual experiences, spiritual well- being)

SPIRITUAL ASSESSMENT Definition: Active and on- going conversation that assesses the spiritual needs of the patient. Defining Characteristics: - Formal or Informal - Respectful - Non- biased SPIRITUAL CARE Definition: Addressing the spiritual needs of the client as they unfold through spiritual assessment. Defining Characteristics: - Individualistic - Client oriented - Collaborative

MAJOR WORLD RELIGIONS AND COMMON HEALTH BELIEFS RELIGION OVERVIEW Buddhism Suffering is a part of human existence, but the inward death of the self and senses leads to a state beyond suffering and existence. BELIEF Prayer and meditation are used for cleansing and healing. Terminal illness may be seen as a unique opportunity to reflect on lifes ultimate meaning of ones relation with the world. END OF LIFE Life is the opportunity to cultivate understanding, compassion, and joy for self and others. Death is associated with rebirth. Serene surroundings are important to the dignity of dying. NUTRITION Many are strict vegetarians. Some holy days include fasting from dawn to dusk but considerations are allowed for the frail and elderly for whom fasting could create problems.

Hinduism

Nirvana or Illness is the oneness with God result of past and is the primary current life purpose of the actions or religion. Many Karma. The right have an altar in hand is seen as their home for holy, and eating worship. and intervention such as IV needs to be with the right hand to promote clean healing.

Death marks a passage because the soul has no beginning or end. At death the soul may be reborn as another person and ones Karma is carried forward. Holy water and basil leaves maybe placed on the body; the deceased arms should be straightened. All out comes, whether death or healing, are seen as predetermined by Allah. Dying clients are supposed to face east and to die facing east. Prayer is offered but to be done by an Imam or Religious

Many but not all are vegetarians. Many holy days include fasting.

Islam

Mohammed is believed to be the greatest of all prophets. Worship occurs in a mosque and prayer is done five times a day, dawn, sunrise noon, afternoon, sunset and evening (Sala). It

Allah is in control of the beginning and end of life.

Eating pork or ingestion of alcohol is prohibited. During Ramadan, neither food nor drink is taken between sunrise and sunset, except frail, ill and young children

is done facing east towards Mecca. Women are to be modest and are not view men, other than their husbands, naked. Christianity Beliefs focus around the Old and New Testament of the Bible and view Jesus as the Savior. Prayers may be directed to one or all of the Holy Trinity which includes God, Holy Spirit and Jesus. They are guided with a code of ethics with four major groupings: Reform, Reconstructionist, Conservative and Orthodox. The clergy are known as Rabbi. Illness is a natural process for the body and even as a testing of faith. Others may see illness as a curse brought on by living outside the laws of God.

Leader.

Miracles are believed to be granted through prayers.

No special food beliefs.

Judaism

Restrictions related to work on holy days are removed to save a life.

Psalms and the last prayer of confession or Vidui are held at bedside. And death, arms are not crossed; any clothing or bandages with clients blood should be prepared for burial with the person.

Orthodox or Kosher involves no mixing of meat with dairy; separate cooking and eating utensils are used for food preparation and consumption. Many holy days include a fasting period.

SPIRITUAL ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES NON-FORMAL Definition: It utilizes asking open- ended questions and allowing the client to disclose pertinent information. Example: FICA Spiritual Assessment Tool F: Faith and Beliefs I: Importance and Influence C: Community A: Address FORMAL Definition: Spiritual assessment is done with the aid of pen and checklist which is given to the patient for him/her to answer. Examples: - Daily Spiritual Experience Scale - Brief Religious Coping Questionnaire (RCOPE)