1. She started drinking too much alcohol two years ago.

(Verbal Tenses) - She has been drinking too much alcohol for two years. 2. I don t ha!e a com"uter so I can t ty"e the essay on #nglish grammar. ($onditional Sentence) - If I had a com"uter% I would be able to ty"e the essay on #nglish grammar. &. 'es"ite ha!ing been !accinated she caught the flu. ($ontrast $onnector) - (lthough she had been !accinated% she caught flu. ). *+e will arrest them for illegal entry in the country,% the "oliceman said. (-e"orted S"eech) - The "oliceman said that they would arrest them for illegal entry in the country. .. The teacher glued the "ieces of the broken toy. (/assi!e) - The "ieces of the broken toy were glued by the teacher. 0. It is "ossible that I finish work earlier than usual today. (1odal !erb) - I may finish work earlier than usual today. 2. This is the "lace. +e last had coffee together here. (-elati!e $lauses) - This is where we last had coffee together. 3. I lo!e 4erman. 5nfortunately% I can t s"eak it fluently. (+ish) - I wish I could s"eak 4erman fluently. 6. (s he hadn t beha!ed himself% his "arents got angry with him. ($ausal $onnector) - 7is "arents got angry with him because he hadn t beha!ed himself. 18. #!erybody must read the instructions first. (/assi!e) - The instructions must be read first. 11. 7e made an effort to s"eak in #nglish. (4erund9Infiniti!e) - 7e tried to s"eak in #nglish. 12. I s"ent my holidays in :rance. (;uestion) - +here did you s"end your holidays< 1&. This is the man. 7is =ob is !ery dangerous. (-elati!e $lauses)

- This is the man whose =ob is !ery dangerous. 1). The engineer has re"aired my tele!ision. (7a!e sth. 'one) - I !e had my tele!ision re"aired (by the engineer) 1.. She ga!e u" going to :rench lessons. (4erund9 Infiniti!e) - She sto""ed going to :rench lessons. 10. I regretted ha!ing hit the dog on the head. (+ish) - I wish I hadn t hit the dog on the head. 12. I m not as good at #nglish as you are. ($om"arati!es) - >ou are better at #nglish than me. 13. The "oliceman knew where the thief was hidden. (;uestion)

- +ho knew where the thief was hidden< 16. If your friend doesn t come before ten% he will miss the train. ($onditionals)

- 5nless your friend comes before ten% he will miss the train. 28. The children stayed at home because it was raining. ($ausal $onnector) - (s it was raining% the children stayed at home. 21. *+hat time do the banks close today<, (-e"orted S"eech) - Tim asked me what time the banks closed that day. 22. Sharon hasn t eaten =unk food since last 1ay. (4erund9Infiniti!e) - Sharon sto""ed eating =unk food last 1ay. 2&. 1y kitchen is being redecorated at the moment. (7a!e sth. 'one) - I am ha!ing my kitchen redecorated at the moment. 2). I am not sure that she is his girlfriend. (1odal Verb) - She might be his girlfriend. 2.. (lbert s drawing isn t as good as 4erard s. ($om"arati!es) - 4erard s drawing is better than (lbert s drawing. 20. *+hy don t we "lay com"uter games<, said 1ichael. (-e"orted S"eech) - 1ichael suggested "laying com"uter games. 22. She said? *(re you coming to the "arty on :riday<, (-e"orted S"eech) - She asked him if he was coming to the "arty on :riday. 23. They came to li!e in @ew >ork two years ago. (Verbal Tenses) - They ha!e been li!ing in @ew >ork for two years. 26. Smoking is forbidden in hos"itals. (1odal Verb) - >ou mustn t smoke in hos"itals. &8. (lthough the weather was horrible% we went skiing. ($ontrast $onnectors) - In s"ite of the horrible weather% we went skiing. &1. I would like to ha!e more free time these days. (+ish) - I wish I had more free time these days. &2. I met that famous writer a year ago. (Verbal Tenses) - It s been a year since I met that famous writer. &&. +endy didn t study for her test. Therefore% she failed. ($onditionals) - If +endy had studied for her test% she wouldn t ha!e failed. &). *'on t s"eak so loud% "lease,% she said to the students. (-e"orted S"eech) - She ordered 9 begged 9 asked the students not to s"eak so loud. &.. +e won t buy that house because we don t ha!e enough money. ($ausal $onnectors) - (s we don t ha!e enough money% we won t buy that house. &0. That man s brother is my new #nglish teacher. (-elati!e $lauses) - That is the man whose brother is my new #nglish teacher. &2. Ste!e ad!ised me to tell /aul about it. (4erund9Infiniti!e)

- Ste!e suggested telling /aul about it. &3. I didn t make a note of it in my diary% so I forgot about it. ($onditional $lauses) - If I had made a note of it in my diary% I wouldn t ha!e forgotten about it. &6. She lost the race in s"ite of running well. ($ontrast $lauses) - (lthough she ran well% she lost the race. )8. It s "ossible that her boyfriend is coming to the wedding. (1odal Verbs) - 7er boyfriend may come to the wedding. )1. Aeth hasn t smoked since last 'ecember. (4erund9Infiniti!e) - Aeth sto""ed smoking last 'ecember. )2. 1y new neighbours ha!e got a baby. 7er name is +endy. (-elati!e $lauses) - 1y new neighbours ha!e got a baby whose name is +endy. )&. (lthough Brson was o!er se!enty% he continued to cycle to work e!ery day. ($ontrast $onnector) - 'es"ite being o!er se!enty% Brson continued to cycle to work e!ery day. )). I ha!en t read a "lay by 4eorge Aernard Shaw for eight years. (Verbal Tenses) - It is eight years since I read a "lay by 4eorge Aernard Shaw. ).. */erha"s it would be better to go out in the afternoon,% Sharon s mother said. (-e"orted S"eech) - Sharon s mother recommended going out in the afternoon. )0. The fireman managed to rescue the child from the burning house. (1odal Verbs) - The fireman was able to rescue the child from the burning house. )2. The "olice don t oblige the sus"ects to say anything. (/assi!e) - The sus"ects aren t obliged to say anything by the "olice. )3. 1y grandfather is eighty-two years old. (;uestion) - 7ow old is your grandfather< )6. She hasn t en=oyed herself so much for years. (Verbal Tenses)

- It is years since she en=oyed herself so much. .8. I am going to the theatre tomorrow% and I m really looking forward to it. (1odal Verbs) - I m really looking forward to going to the theatre tomorrow. .1. She s getting someone to mend the windows. (7a!e sth. 'one) - She s ha!ing the windows mended. .2. I thought it would be better than that. ($om"arati!es) - It s not as good as I thought it would be. .&. 1ary said to us *'on t be late., (-e"orted S"eech) - She told us not to be late.

.). She made a lot of mistakes because she didn t study hard for the eCam. ($onditionals) - If she had studied hard for the eCam% she wouldn t ha!e made a lot of mistakes. ... 7er =okes are not as good as his. ($om"arati!es) - 7is =okes are better than hers. .0. It is "ossible that we ll be together soon. (1odal Verbs) - +e may be together soon. .2. /eo"le s"eak #nglish all o!er the world. (/assi!e) - #nglish is s"oken all o!er the world. .3. I am sorry I didn t tell him e!erything. (+ish) - I wish I had told him e!erything. .6. :iona is smiling in the "icture. She is my boss. (-elati!e $lauses) - :iona% who is my boss% is smiling in the "icture. 08. 'es"ite the fact that it was !ery hot% she was wearing her winter clothes. ($ontrast $lauses) - (lthough it was !ery hot% she was wearing her winter clothes. 01. I was not in!ited and I am sorry about that. (4erund9Infiniti!e) - I would like to ha!e been in!ited. 02. I am ha!ing my house "ainted now. (/assi!e) - 1y house is being "ainted now. 0&. I m sorry I ha!en t got a car. (+ish) - I wish I had got a car. 0). The teacher said to me *+ait for me outside,. (-e"orted S"eech) - The teacher told me to wait for him outside. 0.. She needed a =ob% so she sent off an a""lication form. ($ausal $onnector) - She sent off an a""lication form % because she needed a =ob. 00. It takes me two hours to get there. (;uestion) - 7ow long does it take you to get there< 02. The last time she wrote a "oem was two years ago. (Verbal Tenses)

- She hasn t written a "oem for two years. 03. >ou must not smoke in here. (1odal Verb) - Smoking is forbidden here. 06. If the tickets don t arri!e% we won t be able to go. ($onditional $lauses) - 5nless the tickets arri!e% we won t be able to go. 28. +here are my keys< (;uestion) I wonder where my keys are. 21. The mechanic is going to re"air her car neCt week. (7a!e sth. 'one) - She is going to ha!e her car re"aired neCt week (by the mechanic). 22. +hat a "ity I didn t ha!e time to see you last week. (+ish)

- I wish I had had time to see you last week. 2&. This story will shock you. (/assi!e) - >ou will be shocked by this story. 2). +ill you "ost this letter for me% "lease< (4erund9Infiniti!e) - 'o you mind "osting this letter for me% "lease< 2.. If you don t re!iew your notes tonight% you won t do well tomorrow. ($onditionals) - 5nless you re!iew your notes tonight% you won t do well tomorrow. 20. *7ow much money ha!e you "ut into the account<, they asked. (-e"orted S"eech) - They asked me how much money I had "ut into the account. 22. I m sorry I can t s"eak :rench "erfectly. (+ish) - I wish I could s"eak :rench "erfectly. 23. The neCt "lane lea!es at 6.). ".m.. (;uestion) - +hat time does the neCt "lane lea!e< 26. >ou should "ost these letters. (/assi!e)

- These letters should be "osted. 38. (lthough she was ill% she !isited other countries. ($ontrast $onnector) - 'es"ite being ill% she !isited other countries. 31. *I ha!e ne!er seen anything so beautiful,% he said. (-e"orted S"eech) - 7e said that he had ne!er seen anything so beautiful. 32. 1ary was sorry she ate so many cakes. (+ish) - 1ary wished she hadn t eaten so many cakes. 3&. I ha!e failed all my eCams at the uni!ersity because I didn t study enough. ($onditionals) - If I had studied enough% I wouldn t ha!e failed all my eCams at the uni!ersity. 3). I forgot to "hone Disa on her birthday. (4erund9Infiniti!e) - I didn t remember 3.. Sheila is 1... m tall. 7er brother is 1.28 m tall. ($om"arati!es) - Sheila is less tall than her brother. 30. (lthough it was cold% we went to the countryside. ($ontrast $onnector) - In s"ite of being cold% we went to the countryside. 32. The hairdresser cut my hair yesterday morning. (7a!e sth. 'one) - I had my hair cut yesterday morning. 33. This is the man. 7is dog bit my brother in the "ark. (-elati!e $lauses) - This is the man whose dog bit my brother in the "ark. 36. I didn t go to the gym yesterday because my foot hurt. ($onditionals) - If my foot hadn t hurt% I would ha!e gone to the gym. 68. The teacher said? *>ou ha!e to hand your "a"ers in at the end of this class,. (-e"orted S"eech)

- The teacher said that we had to hand our "a"ers in at the end of that class. 61. If your boyfriend doesn t arri!e before eight% we will ha!e to lea!e. ($onditionals) - 5nless your boyfriend arri!es before eight% we will ha!e to lea!e. 62. The children couldn t go out to the "layground because it was raining. ($ausal $onnector) - (s it was raining% the children couldn t go out to the "layground. 6&. The last time we saw that mo!ie was siC months ago. (Verbal Tenses) - +e ha!e not seen that mo!ie for siC months. 6). Smoking is forbidden in most restaurants. (1odal Verbs) - >ou mustn t smoke in most restaurants. 6.. The sho" assistant didn t gi!e us the ticket. (/assi!e) - +e weren t gi!en the ticket by the sho" assistant. 60. (l swims faster than /eter. ($om"arati!es) - /eter swims slower than (l. 9 /eter doesn t swim as fast as (l. 62. I saw :rank two months ago. (Verbal Tenses) - I ha!en t seen :rank for two months. 63. 7e forgot to "hone his wife yesterday. (4erund9Infiniti!e) - 7e didn t remember "honing his wife yesterday. 66. They are ser!icing my new car neCt week. (7a!e sth. 'one) - I am ha!ing my new car ser!ed neCt week. 188. If we don t meet this month% it will be too late. ($onditionals)

5nless we meet this month% it will be too late. 181. The trainer said? *1olly% come back to the teamE, (-e"orted S"eech)
- The trainer told her to come back to the team. 182. Aen dri!es 288 miles e!ery day. (;uestion) +ho dri!es 288 miles e!ery day< *+here did the robbery take "lace<, he asked. (-e"orted S"eech)

18&.

- 7e asked where the robbery took "lace. 18). :leming disco!ered "enicillin in 1623. (/assi!e) - /enicillin was disco!ered in 1623 by :leming. 18.. >ou can t ha!e a bicycle. (1odal Verbs) - >ou are not allowed to ha!e a bicycle. 180. I don t know her address% so I can t write to her. ($onditionals) - If I knew her address% I would be able to write to her 9 I could write to her. 182. ( new magaFine is on the hall table. - There is a new magaFine on the hall table. 183. Gohn li!es neCt door. (;uestion) +ho li!es neCt door<

186.

*+here are your brothers% Sheila<, (-e"orted S"eech)

- She asked Sheila where her brothers were. 118. /erha"s they only o"en the museum in the morning. (1odal Verb) - They may only o"en the museum in the morning. 111. The meat was better than the fish. ($om"arati!es) - The fish was worse than the meat. 9 The fish wasn t as good as the meat. 112. >ou can make green "aint by miCing blue and yellow. (/assi!e) - 4reen "aint can be made by miCing blue and yellow. 11&. I ha!e been "laying the "iano for twenty years. (Verbal Tenses) - I started "laying the "iano twenty years ago. 11). I ha!e #nglish classes three times a week. (;uestion) - 7ow often do you ha!e #nglish classes< 11.. Sharon is going to marry a man. 7e is #ric s brother. (-elati!e $lauses)

- The man who Sharon is going to marry to is #ric s brother. 110. *+hy don t we ha!e dinner out tonight<, said 1artin. (-e"orted S"eech) - 1artin suggested ha!ing dinner out that night. 112. I didn t o"en the door because I didn t know it was you. ($onditionals) - If I had known it was you% I would ha!e o"ened the door. 113. If you want my ad!ice% go to the dentistE (1odal Verbs) - >ou should go to the dentist. 116. I forgot to "ost the letter. (4erund9Infiniti!e) - I didn t remember "osting the letter. 128. They say this tree is o!er )88 years old. (/assi!e) - This tree is said to be o!er )88 years old. 121. The man said to us? *Hee" off the grassE, (-e"orted S"eech) - The man ordered us to kee" off the grass. 122. They didn t tell me the secret. (/assi!e) - I wasn t told the secret. 12&. I m sure they are at home. The lights are on. (1odals) - They must be at home because the lights are on. 12). I didn t in!ite Aeth. I had forgotten her tele"hone number. ($onditionals) - If I hadn t forgotten Aeth s tele"hone number% I would ha!e in!ited her. 12.. Shakes"eare was a famous writer. 7e wrote beautiful sonnets. (-elati!e $lauses) - Shakes"eare% who was a famous writer% wrote beautiful sonnets. 120. Someone knocked at the door. The dog woke u". ($onnector) - The dog woke u" because9 when someone knocked at the door. 122. It s such a "ity you can t come alongE (+ish) - I wish you could come along.

123.

Aananas are more eC"ensi!e than a""les. ($om"arati!es)

- (""les are chea"er than bananas. 9 (""les aren t as eC"ensi!e as bananas. 126. In s"ite of her beauty% she doesn t ha!e a boyfriend. ($ontrast connector) - (lthough she is (!ery) beautiful% she doesn t ha!e a boyfriend. 1&8. I last had flu fi!e years ago. (Verbal tenses) - I ha!en t had flu for fi!e years. 1&1. I m sure she s telling lies. (1odal Verbs) - She must be telling lies. 1&2. The teenager in red has broken the window. (/assi!e) - The window has been broken by the teenager in red. 1&&. In my o"inion% taking some eCercise would be good for you. (1odals) - >ou should take some eCercise. 1&). The teacher didn t tell us the answer. (/assi!e) - +e weren t told the answer by the teacher. 1&.. I last !isited Dondon fifteen years ago. (Verbal tenses) - I ha!en t !isited Dondon for fifteen years. 1&0. She asked me? *+hat time does your "arty start<, (-e"orted s"eech) - She asked me what time my "arty started. 1&2. +ill you close the door when you lea!e% "lease< (4erund9 Infiniti!e) - 'o you mind closing the door when you lea!e< 1&3. +e bought our tickets on the +eb because it was much chea"er. ($ausal connector) - Since it was much chea"er% we bought our tickets on the +eb. 1&6. (lbert is coming back from hos"ital tomorrow. 7e has =ust broken his ankle. (-elati!e $lauses) - (lbert% who has =ust broken his ankle% is coming back from hos"ital tomorrow. 1)8. *7ow much is this T-shirt<,% she asked. (-e"orted S"eech) - She asked how much that T-shirt was. 1)1. If you want my ad!ice% don t eat so many cakesE (1odals) - >ou shouldn t eat so many cakes. 1)2. I m sorry I didn t work hard enough last year. (+ish) - I wish I had worked hard enough last year. 1)&. (lthough he was eChausted% he managed to finish reading the no!el. ($ontrast connector) - 'es"ite being eChausted% he managed to finish reading the no!el. 1)). 4erard "lays tennis twice a week. (;uestion) - 7ow often does 4erard "lay tennis< 1).. That woman s husband is my boss. (-elati!e $lauses)

- That is the woman whose husband is my boss. 1)0. They ha!e found the stolen money. (/assi!e)

- The stolen money has been found. 1)2. She di!orced him because he was so terrible to her. ($onditionals) - If he hadn t been so terrible to her% she wouldn t ha!e di!orced him. 1)3. *I ha!e read this book,% she said. (-e"orted S"eech) - She said that she had read that book. 1)6. I am sure she knows you are here. (1odals) - She must know you are here. 1.8. I felt really tired so I stayed at home. ($ausal connector) - I stayed at home because I felt really tired. 1.1. /eo"le consider that he is an eC"ert on cricket. (/assi!e) - 7e is considered to be an eC"ert on cricket. 1.2. /lease don t shoot. (4erund 9 Infiniti!e) - 7e begged us not to shoot. 1.&. Dearning #nglish is not easy. (4erund 9 Infiniti!e) - It is not easy to learn #nglish. 1.). +e didn t !isit the museum because we hadn t time. ($onditionals) - If we had had time% we would ha!e !isited the museum. 1... I m sorry we acce"ted the in!itation. (+ish) - I wish we hadn t acce"ted the in!itation. 1.0. (lthough she was "oor% she was ha""y. ($ontrast connector) - In s"ite of being "oor% she was ha""y. 1.2. They didn t "ay for the ring. (-elati!e clauses) - This is the ring which they didn t "ay for. 1.3. (lthough the weather was awful% they had a great time. ($ontrast connector) - In s"ite of the awful weather% they had a great time. 1.6. They ha!e gi!en us a -oald 'ahl no!el. (/assi!e) - +e ha!e been gi!en a -oald 'ahl no!el. 108. She hasn t "honed her mother for two months. (Verbal tenses) - It s two months since she last "honed her mother. 101. They don t allow smoking in this room. (1odals) - >ou mustn t smoke in this room. 102. I m sorry I didn t go sho""ing with you. (+ish) - I wish I had gone sho""ing with you. 10&. Dondon will fascinate you. (/assi!e) - >ou will be fascinated by Dondon. 10). I saw a man later. 7e was the "resident of the #uro"ean $ommunity. (-elati!e clauses) - The man% who(m) I saw later% was the "resident of the #uro"ean $ommunity. 10.. 4ermany is richer than India. ($om"arati!es) - India is "oorer than 4ermany. 9 India is not as rich as 4ermany.

100.

*I don t know,% he told them. (-e"orted s"eech)

- 7e told them that he didn t know. 102. She can t come to the "arty because she is so busy. ($onditionals) - If she wasn t so busy% she could come to the "arty. 103. 1aybe your friend will call you on your birthday. (1odals) - >our friend may call you on your birthday. 106. *+here is the nearest cinema% "lease<, (Indirect Iuestion) - $ould you tell me where the nearest cinema is. 128. I ha!en t seen your wife for a long time. (Verbal tenses) - It s a long time since I last saw your wife. 121. 7e didn t re!ise for the test so he failed. ($onditionals) - If he had re!ised for the test% he wouldn t ha!e failed. 122. The o"hthalmologist tests her eyes e!ery year. (7a!e sth. 'one) - She has her eyes tested e!ery year by the o"hthalmologist. 12&. The Da Vinci Code is a best-seller. It was written by 'an Arown. (-elati!e clauses) - The Da Vinci Code% which was written by 'an Arown% is a best-seller. 12). 1ary goes swimming twice a week. (;uestion) - +ho goes swimming twice a week< 12.. I am sorry I didn t remember your birthday. (+ish)

- I wish I had remembered your birthday. 120. 7e told us? *'on t make so much noiseE, (-e"orted s"eech) - 7e ordered us not to make so much noise. 122. (s it was :riday% the children stayed u" late. ($ausal connector) - The children stayed u" late because it was :riday. 123. I ha!e ne!er read such an interesting book. (Verbal tenses 9 Su"erlati!e) - This is the first time I ha!e read such an interesting book. 9 This is the most interesting book I !e e!er read. 126. If you don t hurry u"% you won t get tickets for the concert. ($onditionals) - 5nless you hurry u"% you won t get tickets for the concert. 138. I ha!e to wear a uniform whene!er I work in front of the customers. (;uestion) - +hen do you ha!e to wear a uniform< 131. The film is not as good as the no!el. ($om"arati!es)

- The no!el is better than the film. 132. The hairdresser cut my hair last week. (ha!e sth. 'one) - I had my hair cut last week. 13&. *Det s go to the cinema on Tuesday,% said 1ary. (-e"orted s"eech) - 1ary suggested going to the cinema on Tuesday.

13).

+hat a "ity the weather was so bad last weekend. (+ish)

- I wish the weather hadn t been so bad last weekend. 13.. I ha!en t seen a good film for ages. (Verbal tenses) - It s ages since I last saw a good film. 130. Gohn bought a new -olls -oyce. (;uestion) - +hat did Gohn buy< 132. I !isited a !illage yesterday but I did not like it. (-elati!e clauses) - I !isited a !illage yesterday which I did not like. 133. 7e knows how to "lay golf. (1odals) - 7e can "lay golf. 136. It s ages since I last !isited -ussia. (Verbal tenses) - I ha!en t !isited -ussia for ages. 168. >ou won t understand the "roblem if you don t listen carefully. ($onditionals) - 5nless you listen carefully% you won t understand the "roblem. 161. Someone will cut your hair tomorrow. (7a!e sth. 'one) - >ou will ha!e your hair cut tomorrow. 162. 7e !isits his "arents e!ery Sunday. (;uestion) - 7ow often does he !isit his "arents< 16&. *$an I go to the disco<,% Tim asked his mother. (-e"orted s"eech)

- Tim asked his mother if he could go to the disco. 16). 'es"ite the fact that the Iuestions were difficult% she got a high mark in her eCam. ($ontrast con) - (lthough the Iuestions were difficult% she got a high mark in her eCam. 16.. It s not necessary for you to make your bed. (1odals) - >ou don t ha!e to make your bed. 9 >ou needn t make your bed. 160. They will tell us the news tomorrow night. (/assi!e) - +e will be told the news tomorrow night. 162. I don t earn much money. It s a "ity I can t buy a new car. ($onditionals) - If I earned much money% I could buy a new car. 163. @o other fictional secret agent is as famous as Games Aond. (Su"erlati!e) - Games Aond Is the most famous fictional secret agent.