Laboratory exercise 5 : Chemical food digestion Title : Investigation of various chemical food digestion Introduction : Digestion is the breakdown

of food into smaller components that can be more easily absorbed and assimilated by the body. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into two processes based on how food is broken down: mechanical and chemical digestion. The term mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes. In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use. Chemical digestion occurs at every point in the digestive system, beginning when you see or smell food. These sensory events set off nerve impulses from your eyes and nose that trigger the release of enzymes and other substances that will eventually break down food to release the nutrients inside. The body then burns these nutrients for energy or uses them to build new tissues and body parts. More contractions shove the chyme along the intestines while specialized cells in the intestinal walls grab onto sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, which are then sent off into your body for energy or as building blocks for new tissue. Then , after your small intestine has squeezed every last little bit of useful material (other than water) out of the food, the indigestible remainder (think dietary fiber) moves toward its inevitable end in your large intestine. Apparatus : Materials:

Procedures: Referred to MFHS301 Laboratory exercise 5 Results : Tube 1 Starch (iodine) Maltose (Benedicts)

Brown solution turns blue Blue solution remain black unchanged 2 Brown solution becomes Blue solution turned green colourless 3 Brown solution becomes Blue solution turned to colourless yellowish green 4 Brown solution turns blue Blue solution remain black unchanged Table 1 above shows the result of digestion of carbohydrates when the mixtures are tested with iodine and benedicts solution . Biuret test Tube 1 Initial pH 1.81 Final pH 1.59 color

Light pale blue solution remains unchanged 2 5.34 6.80 Light pale blue solution turns violet 3 2.03 1.75 Light pale blue solution turns to be a gel like form. 4 11.90 12.1 Light pale blue solution turns violet 5 6.80 7.07 Light pale blue solution turns violet Table 1.1 above shows the result of digestion of protein when the mixtures are tested with biuret reagent. Lipid test A Tube A B Observation The oil and water will be relatively separate

The solution produces a two layer semi milky consistency with milky droplets at the upper layer Table 1.2 above shows the result of digestion of fat in the absence of bile salt.

Lipid test B Tube 1 Observation

The solution formed 2 layer with with the milky suspension at the upper layer and the cloudy solution at the bottom layer 2 The solution formed 2 layer with vegetable oil at the upper layer and the cloudy solution at the bottom layer. 3 The solution produces a two layer semi milky consistency with tiny droplets at the upper layer and orange suspension at the bottom layer. 4 The solution formed 2 layer with a yellow suspension a the upper layer and the pale yellow solution at the bottom layer. Table 1.3 shows the result of digestion of fats in the presence of both lipase and bile salts .

Discussion :