COST EFFECTIVENESS IN QUALITY CONSTRUCTION P.G.Seetharam1 L.

Ramajayam2 Ponkumar Elango 3

1

Graduate Student, Construction Engineering & Management, Department of Civil Engineering, Meenakshi Sundararajan Engineering College, Chennai-600024, India Pgseetharam91@gmail.com 2 Dean UG, Department of Civil Engineering, Meenakshi Sundararajan Engineering College, Chennai-600024, India 3 professor , Department of Civil Engineering, Dr.MGR Educational and Research Institute, University, Madhuravoyal Chennai 600095

ABSTRACT In this paper we discuss the problems of defining quality in the construction industry, examine possible benefits of implementing quality, and look at barriers to quality implementation in construction. We use data collected during interviews with contractors and data from questionnaire surveys. Clients demand improved service quality, faster building and innovations in technology. It is no accident that the construction industry has turned to the manufacturing sector as a point of reference and source of innovation. Successful concepts derived from manufacturing, such as Total Quality Management (TQM Production and Reengineering, are being adopted and integrated into the construction industry. Implicitly, the successful implementation of these concepts is heavily dependent on a culture of teamwork and cooperation at both intra- and inters- organizational levels. Quality management has increasingly been adopted by construction companies as an initiative to solve quality problems and to meet the needs of the final customer if ever an industry needed to take up the concept of TQM it is the construction industry. Advances the view that construction very probably promises a greater payback for performance improvement than any other service industry because of its magnitude. However, implementing TQM principles in construction is particularly difficult because of a lack of standardization and the many parties involved. INTRODUCTION As the market economy has developed, market competition has had an important role of the law of survival of the fittest in every corner. The pressure of construction enterprises from the market and competitors will be greater and greater, as well as the increasing requirements of customers of quality assurance, which require the construction companies to improve their internal quality, strengthen management, in particular, pay close attention to quality control.

Quality is the symbol of human civilization, and with the progress of human civilization, quality control will play an incomparable role in the business. It can be said that if there is no quality control, there is no economic benefit. Construction projects are an extremely complex process, involving a wide range. There are plenty of factors affecting the quality of construction, such as design, materials, machinery, topography, geology, hydrology, meteorology, construction technology, methods of operation, technical measures, management systems, and so on. Because of the fixed project location, large volume and different location of different projects, the poor control of these factors may produce quality problems. During controlling the whole process of construction, only accord with the required quality standar ds and user promising requirements, fulfilling quality, time, cost, etc., construction companies could get the best economic effects. Construction companies must adhere to the principle of quality first, and insist on quality standards, with the core of artificial control and prevention, to provide more high quality, safe, suitable, and economic composite products. Quality control starts with matching expectations about quality levels with budget and scope during planning and design reviews and continues through construction delivery with a program of inspections, tests, and certifications. It requires a coordinated performance among the entire project team in order for a completed building program to fully satisfy a client's and the building users' expectations. Having a process implemented at the beginning of the project will help define the goals as well as provide a continuous measurement system over time to make sure the objectives are being met. From visioning to post occupancy, a good quality control system like the Design Quality Indicator (DQI) helps eliminate errors, reduces cost, and improves overall building quality. Project costs are measured and analyzed in many ways throughout a project, from planning, programming and design to bidding, construction, turnover, and post occupancy. First costs, cost-benefit ratios, and life-cycle costing are a few examples of how a project's cost-effectiveness can be evaluated. The control of costs requires continual and systematic cost management and monitoring to compare actual costs incurred against targeted budget numbers. These cost management processes start with the establishment of budgets based on actual estimates for related work. They need to align with scope and quality requirements and be based on realistic, current market conditions. Comparing budgets to actual costs throughout the building process is critical. The process continues with milestone estimates, value engineering, procurement strategies, and change order management to ensure the project is timely and cost effective. 1.2 Need for quality For construction projects, quality control means making sure things are done according to the plans, specifications, and permit requirements. The days of easy federal money seem to be over, making it imperative that communities get the most out of their infrastructure projects. One of the best ways to assure good construction projects is to use an inspector. The first step an inspector should take is to become familiar with the plans, specification,

and permit requirements and, equally important, to have some common sense. Quality control during all construction phases needs to be better, and the utility system needs to know what is being installed while the work is being done. On most construction jobs, the inspection is one of the last things to be done if it gets done at all.

1.3 Factors affecting quality in a construction project:

1. 5-M Factors 2. Scant respect to planning 3. Cash flow 4. Productivity 5. Clients interference & procedural delay

Broadly and in simplified way, the basic reason of quality failure and the success of any quality project depend on 5nos. M-factors, which are as follows:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Money Material Manpower Machinery and lastly, Management

All the above 5 factors are co related, lake of any single factor the project can not be success. Due to the above 5 major issues cost overrun / delay / improper management in the project the contractor will sacrifice quality for sake completion of project. Planning, Scheduling, Budgeting, Coordination, mismanagement etc. comes mainly under the heading of Management. So, whenever anybody thinks about the Failure/success of any project, we will ultimately get these 5 heads not anything else.

1.4 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of this study is to Identify a comprehensive list of factors (and their indicators) for measuring cost effectiveness in quality construction in the context of engineering consulting services. Conduct a survey on quality construction in Chennai. Use the survey data to establish a priority list that identifies the most and least lack of quality receives from engineering consulting firm. Use the survey data to establish a quality functions. Use the results of the analysis to derive strategies for construction firms to achieve cost effectiveness in quality construction. The approach of this work can be useful to engineering construction firms, not only in Chennai, but also in other places for identifying their own weak areas so that they may improve on these areas to enhance the cost effectiveness quality construction and satisfies the customer.

1.5 DEFINITIONS Functional definitions for cost effectiveness, quality construction are prerequisites to measuring quality. Cost effectiveness is Economical in terms of the goods or services received for the money spent. Quality the standard of something as measured against other things of a similar kind;
the degree of excellence of something. Construction the action of building something, typically a large structure.

Cost effectiveness in quality construction is to provide Customer satisfaction for the cost invested. Quality is not an act, it is a habit Aristotle

1.6 Effects of TQM implementation in the construction industry

The substantial economic benefits can be attained through the implementation of TQM. TQM in the jobsite has been proven to speed-up projects while increasing profitability.

For the first time an empirical study has confirmed that implementation of TQM is positively associated with home-buyer satisfaction. Results showed increased customer satisfaction after ISO 9000 implementation. Furthermore, the average number of defects in housing projects built by companies with ISO 9000 certification was significantly less than the number of defects in housing projects built by companies without ISO 9000 certification. Thus, although there are few studies that have examined the effects of quality implementation in construction industry, the results show that both customers and contractors can benefit from it.

1.7 OBJECTIVE:
The main objectives of this research are as follows: To determine the cost effectiveness in quality construction By following standard specification and IS codes and construction quality standards. Measurement of quality of construction at present in Chennai, and sug gesting suitable measures to improve with respect to cost. The ultimate aim of this project is to provide quality project to the costumer and to minimize maintained and repairs and satisfies the customer for their cost invested and this will also make more reputation on contractors, the contractors would also been benefited by reputation and customer satisfaction.

METHODOLOGY 2.1GENERAL
The methodology to be followed in this thesis work is given below.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

LITERATURE STUDY
PREPARATION OF QUESTIONERS
VISITING THE MAJOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS SITESS

COMPARING QUALITY WITH SPECIF IED STANDARDS LIST OF CODES AND CPWD MANUALS Etc.

ANALYZING COST EFFECTIVE TECHNIQUES TO FOLLOWED IN THE SITE FOR MAINTAIN QUALITY SUGGESTIONS, DISSCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSION

2.2

Process involved: The various processes involved in this phase are listed as follows: 1. Studding various quality standards been adopted in India. 2. Visiting major projects sites in Chennai, and analyzing the cost effective techniques and quality materials were use for construction. 3. Comparing various items of works been carried out with specified quality standard. 4. Suggestions been given to the contractors for cost effective quality construction 5. Hence the optimum reduce of time, cost and enhance safety in construction will improve construction industry and will also improve our economic growth of our nation.

CONCLUSION The construction jobsite is not only possible but has proven to be a success. Project results show improved cooperation, resulting in shorter schedules and punch lists. When a positive team attitude is developed, people will try to outdo each other in meet ing customer expectations. In a competitive market, businesses stay ahead by offering products that are different and /or superior in ways that matter to customers. Cost effectiveness has positioned itself at the top end of the modular buildings market in terms of quality, whilst at the same time providing value-for-money products that fully meet key standards set out in IS0 9001. The company should meet the required standards in all aspects of quality. This outcome is the result of a great deal of thought, careful planning and ongoing education and training of a skilled and dedicated workforce.

References Abdul-Aziz A. Bubshait, ISO 9000 QUALITY STANDARDS IN CONSTRUCTION the Journal of Management in Engineering, Vol. 15, No. 6, November/December, 1999. Albert P. C. Chan Factors Affecting the Success of a Construction Project the Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 130, No. 1, February 1, 2004. Alexander Laufer, FACTORS AFFECTING CONSTRUCTION-PLANNING OUTCOMES the Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 116, No. 1, March, 1990.

 Amirhosein Jafari Quality Costs in Construction: Case of Qom Monorail Project in Iran the Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 139, No. 9, September 1, 2013. Barbara C. Lippiatt SELECTING COST-EFFECTIVE GREEN BUILDING PRODUCTS: BEES APPROACH of the Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 125, No. 6, November/December, 1999. Burcu Aklnci FACTORS AFFECTING CONTRACTORS' RISK OF CoST OVERBURDEN and possible publication on August 23, 1996. This paper is part of the Journal 0/ Ma1lQgement in Engineering, Vol. 14, No.1, January l February, 1998. Harvey A. Kagan, PRACTICAL QUALITY-CONTROLLED CONSTRUCTION the Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, Vol. 3, No. 3, August, 1989.