OHE M4 • Compensate by its growth for the lost tooth

substance due to attrition

CEMENTUM
• Calcified tissue that covers the anatomical roots of • Contributes to the continuous vertical eruption
the tooth of teeth

• Similar to bone • Regulates the periodontal space as bone

resorbs
• A mineralized non-homologous connective tissue
• Has the ability to resorb
• Covers entire dentin of root from CEJ to apex
o Exfoliation of deciduous teeth for eruption of
• Aka MODIFIED BONE COVERING permanent teeth

• Only structure that is both a part of the tooth and a
part of the periodontium
• Same origin as the Periodontal Ligament and
Alveolar Bone: DENTAL SAC
• Repairs resorbed part of cementum surface,
fractured roots and provide new surface for
reattachment of broken periodontal ligaments
o 2 TYPES OF REPAIR

 Reattachment of fibers and filling

in of cementum
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CEMENTUM:
 ANATOMICAL REPAIR
• Yellowish in color
• Entire surface is restored
• Has no luster (DULL) to its actual

• Least mineralized among hard dental tissues but as • slow process

hard as bone
 FUNCTIONAL REPAIR
• Has a certain degree of permeability
• Cementum is only able to
• Least radiopaque restore some layer for
attachment of periodontal
ligament or fibers

CHEMICAL COMPONENT OF CEMENTUM: • Fast and rapid repair

• INORGANIC 45 – 50%  Resorbs part of cementum

o HYDROXYAPATITE

 Main component

• ORGANIC 50 – 55% TYPES OF CEMENTUM:

o COLLAGEN • ACELLULAR, AFIBRILLAR CEMENTUM

o CHONDROITIN SULFATE o Contains neither cementocytes nor collagen

fibrils
o WATER
o Aka CORONAL CEMENTUM

o First cementum formed during

FUNCTIONS OF CEMENTUM: odontogenesis

• Anchors the teeth to the alveolus o Seen at the cervical portion

o Provides the surface where the fibers are o Overlaps enamel at DEJ
inserted for support from the alveolar bone
• ACELLULAR EXTRINSIC FIBER CEMENTUM
• Seals the surface of the root dentin and covers
the ends of open dentinal tubules o SHARPEY’S FIBERS

1
  Closely packed bundles of extrinsic  Regular arrangement of densely
collagen fibrils originally form packed collagen fibrils and fibers
periodontal ligament
 INCREMENTAL LINES OF
o Contains no cells SALTER

o Aka PRIMARY CEMENTUM/FIBROUS • Represent the periodic

CEMENTUM deposition of successive
new layer of cementum
• CELLULAR MIXED FIBER CEMENTUM
o GROUND SUBSTANCE
o Contains cementocytes
 Consists of normal assembly of
o Has both extrinsic Sharpey’s fibers and
intrinsic bundles of collagen fibers • Proteoglycans
located within cementum
• Gylcoproteins
o Aka SECONDARY CEMENTUM
• Phosphoproteins
o Seen within the matrix
• CELLS ASSOCIATED WITH CEMENTUM
• CELLULAR INTRINSIC FIBER CEMENTUM
o CEMENTOBLASTS
o Contains cementocytes and intrinsic
 Not necessarily found in cementum
bundles of collagen fibrils

o No extrinsic fibers entering  Found in periodontal ligament

o Exclusive product of cementoblasts  ACTIVE CEMENTOBLASTS

o Formed only during reparative process • Phasic deposition of

cementum that continues
• INTERMEDIATE CEMENTUM throughout life

o First layer of hard tissue deposited • Play a role in remodeling

the periodontal ligaments
o Seals the tubules of dentin
 RESTING CEMENTOBLASTS
o Harder consistency
• Closed or hematoxyphilic
o First cementum formed nucleus and little
cytoplasm
o Product of epithelial rest of Malassez
o CEMENTOCYTES

 Processes are directed towards

periodontal ligament to acquire
STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF CEMENTUM:
nutrients since the cementum is
avascular
• CEMENTUM MATRIX

o Composed of collagen fibrils and cementing  LACUNAE

ground substance
• Spaces within the matrix
o SHARPEY’S FIBERS which houses the cell
bodies of cementocytes
 Fibrous collagen fibrils forming
 CANALICULI
fibrous structure which belongs to
the periodontal ligament
• Elongated tiny spaces
 Not intrinsic to the cementum housing the processes

 Always exist in the cementum in a

straight line
MORPHOLOGY OF CEMENTO-ENAMEL JUNCTION

2
 • BUTT JOINT 30%  Union of cementum and dentin
with alveolar bone
• OVERLAPS 60%
o EXTERNAL SURFACE OF CEMENTUM IS
• EXPOSED DENTIN 10% SUSCEPTIBLE TO CARIES

o CONCRESCENCE

DENTINOCEMENTAL JUNCTION  Union of cementum of a tooth to

the cementum of adjacent tooth
• Junction between root dentin and cementum

CLINICAL IMPORTANCE OF CEMENTUM

-Rosette Go 020809 
• HYPERCEMENTOSIS/EXCEMENTOSIS

o Excessive amounts of cementum formed

o CEMENTUM HYPERTROPHY

 Overgrowth of cementum in
functional teeth

o CEMENTUM HYPERPLASIA

 Overgrowth of cementum in non-

functioning teeth

 Caused by PAGET’S DISEASE

• EPITHELIAL RESTS OF MALLASEZ

o Remnants of HERTWIG’S EPITHELIAL

ROOT SHEATH

o ENAMEL PEARL/ENAMELOMMA

 Enamel drops at the center of

furcations most particularly on
maxillary molars

o CEMENTICLES

 Calcific spherical bodies made up

of concentric shells of acellular
extrinsic fiber cementum located at
the periodontal ligament after
tooth eruption

o CYST/TUMOR

o RESORPTION OF CEMENTUM

 Loss of root surface and tooth

attachment

o SELF-REPAIR

o NON-SENSITIVE

o ANKYLOSIS