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=
Power is torque times rotational speed.
) (
1 1 2 2
r V r V m T P
= =
Euler turbomachinery equation
) (
1 1 2 2
r V r V w
=
Radial pumps tend to deliver much more power than a corresponding axial pump.
The efficiency of a pump:
) (
1 1 2 2
r V r V m
gH m
r Actualpowe
Idealpower
p
= =
) (
1 1 2 2
r V r V
g
H
p
= =
=
If there is no swirl at the entry then V
1
=0. Head becomes
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
(
=
2
2
2
2 2
2
) 1 ( 2
tan
r Q
t b g
H
p
= Q r Q
t b
P
2
2
2 2
2 2
2
) 1 ( 2
tan
( )
2
2
2
r
g
H
p
=
At zero flow rate
Euler Equation
Three blade angles at impeller exit
H vs. Q for three blade angles
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
(
=
2
2
2
2 2
2
) 1 ( 2
tan
r Q
t b g
H
p
Euler Equation
Backward leaning is generally preferred to
forward leaning. Backward leaning pumps
have a higher efficiency due to lower exit
swirl and forward leaning blades have an
increasingly steep power curve. If Q is
underestimated, the power requirement
will be greatly underestimated so
backward leaning blades are more tolerant
of flow rate errors.
P vs. Q for three blade angles
(
= Q r Q
t b
P
2
2
2 2
2 2
2
) 1 ( 2
tan
r K V /
2
=
or
The exit kinetic energy is therefore given by;
) (
2
1
2 2
2
2
2
1
2
2 2
2
K K
r
V V V
r
+ =
+
=
So the exit kinetic energy reduces with the inverse square
of the radius;
2
2
1
2 r
V
=
where station 3 is the diffuser exit
diff diff
K =1
g
V
g
P
g
V
g
P
H H H
diff
2 2
3 3 2 2
3 2
+ = =
Centrifugal Pump Example
Consider a centrifugal pump with data:
Centrifugal Pump Example
Inlet to pump impeller
s m
b r
Q
V V b r Q
m
x x m
/ 183 . 3
2
2
1 1
1 1 1 1
= = =
Continuity equation:
s rad
N
/ 8 . 151
60
2
= =
Angular velocity:
s m r U
m
/ 18 . 15
1 1
= =
Blade speed:
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1 . 78 ) ( tan ) ( tan
/ 51 . 15 ) (
=
= =
= + =
x
m
x
m x
V
r
V
W
s m W r V W
r
r
V
V
s m V V V
V where
kW Q P 59 . 171 = =
Power input:
m
g
H H g
i i
46 . 87 = = =
m H
a
27 . 69 96 . 16 23 . 1 46 . 87 = =
792 . 0
46 . 87
27 . 69
= =
=
i
a
p
H g
H g