MINSTRY OF CONSTRUCTION

DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT AND HOUSING DEVELOPMENT

TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND REGULATORY SYSTEMS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

REGULATORY and INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS FOR INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL IN YANGON CITY

PRESENTED BY Ms. KHIN WYNN DEPUTY DIRECTOR URBAN & REGIONAL PLANNING DIVISION

INTRODUCTION

countries: one of the worlds fastest growing regional economies.

Treatment

ASEAN

and disposal of industrial pollutants: one of the most critical and immediate environmental concerns faced by governments in the region.

of environmental pollution in Myanmar pertain to air, water and soil, significantly arising in the recent years. specific institution assigned with the task for industrial waste management in Myanmar. specific rules and regulations for industrial pollution control though the Factories Act (1951) has some provisions.
No No

Potentials

How Much Myanmar Is Industrialized Now?

SMIs DEVELOPMENT IN MYANMAR

Private

industrial establishments had been developed with momentum before 1970s.(before centrally planned economic system) sector investment was to be the main driving force of economic development.

Public

New

economic strategy in favor of a more market oriented policy framework after 1988. direct investment as well as deregulation and commercialization of state economic enterprises.

Foreign

Private

Industrial Enterprise Law (1990) & Promotion of Cottage Industries Law (1991). of total registered private industrial enterprises-SSI, 11%- MSIs, 4%- LSIs (1998).

85%

INDUSTRIAL ESTATES IN MYANMAR

Increasing

number of industries (SMIs) in residential areas cause difficulties in renting suitable places & problems of environmental pollution.

Industrial Development Committee has designated (18) industrial zones throughout the country.
Most

Myanmar

of them are General Industrial Zone.

Processing Zones: proposed in Kyauktan Thilawa area, SouthDagon Zone & Hlaingthayar Zone. Industrial Park: established joint-venture with Mitsui Co., necessary physical infrastructure as well as service provisions.
Minglardon

Export

What are the effects of industrial establishments on the environment?

INDUSTRY & ENVIRONMENT

Figure 2.1 Detail of Possible Environmental Impacts of an Industry

How existing legal framework can contribute to industrial pollution control?

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY View to establish sound environmental policies in the utilization of water, land, forests, minerals, marine resources and other natural resources for conserving the environment and preventing its degradation. Detail of this Policy is mentioned in the paper.

EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION

management laws being formulated and administered by the sectoral ministries concerned.
(56)

Environmental

legal instruments that can be termed as environmental.

Detail in Appendix of the paper.

ENVIRONMENTAL RELATED LAWS IN INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

Section

(3) of the Industrial Enterprise Law (1990)

Section (4-1) of the Factories Act (1951) Section (4),(5),& (6) of the Petroleum Act (1934) (4-2) of the Oilfields Act (1951)

Section The

Myanmar Insurance Law (1993)

Which institutions should become the stakeholders concerned in industrial pollution control?

MYANMAR INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE

Main

government body responsible for the development of industries in Myanmar.

High level committee capable of coordination the needs and problems of industries within its own organization.

Development Bank under this committee, in order to assist SMIs in their requirement of finance.

Industrial

MYANMAR INVESTMENT COMMISSION

All industrial establishments either under the Union of Myanmar Foreign Investment Law (1998) or the Myanmar Citizens Investment Law (1994) need to submit the proposal to Myanmar Investment Commission. operations only after obtaining the permit from the Commission. Resolution with respect to preservation of the environment by the Commission.
Business

NATIONAL COMMISSION for ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS National focal point for environmental matters vis--vis other countries and international organizations, coordinates the work of various line ministries and departments and reports directly to the cabinet.

Mandates of the Commission are mentioned in the paper.

DEPARTMENT of HUMAN SETTLEMENT & HOUSING DEVELOPMENT

The Department has developed several industrial zones in and around

Yangon City, since 1990.

Each industrial estate has been managed by the Department and the representative committee (of factory-owners) according to the Direction No.(1/97) notified by the Department. Air and water pollution control, sanitation systems, solid waste disposal, maintenance of physical infrastructure,etc. are included in this Direction.

LOCATION MAP OF INDUSTRIAL ZONES, YANGON CITY

Industrial Zones of DHSHD

Ind. Zone Hlaing Thaya (I,II,III,IV,V) Shwepyitha (I,II,III,IV) Dagon (South) Dagon (Seikkan) Shwepaukkan Thilawa Dagon (East) Shwelinpan Area (Ha) 580 254 157 334 31 200 263 400 No. of Plots 1048 584 2109 432 348 180 184 335 Established Year 1995-97 1992-99 1992-93 1996-99 1998-99 2000-02 2000-02 2002-

Joint Ind. Zones with Foreign Investment

Ind. Zone M.I.P Area (Ha) 90 No. of Plots 39 Established Year 1996-1998

Industrial Zone

YANGON CITY DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE

This Committee has responsibilities for provision of municipal services to

the (33) townships making up the city area. Section (33-1) of the Yangon City Development Law provides that the Committee can promulgate the new rules & regulations with approval of the Government according to the requirements for performing its duties & responsibilities. Some provisions concerning environmental control in the existing rules & regulations notified by this Committee.

DIRECTORATE of REGIONAL INDUSTRIAL COORDINATION & INSPECTION (DRICI)

Ministry of Industry (1) has prepared Water and Air Pollution Control Plan
deemed as a standing order.

The DRICI (under the Ministry of Industry-1) plays a great role in implementing this Pollution Control Plan.

The DRICI has made field inspections to find out the situation of compliance with this Pollution Control Plan by the factories and the factories are being accordingly instructed.

MYANMA SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH DEPARTMENT

Ministry of Science and Technology has formed a committee to set up and

implement procedures for pollution control due to effluents from the factories to water bodies.

MSTRD is to monitor and control the quality of river water.

What we should do for Myanmar Environment to be sustained?

REGULATORY MEASURES

Direct form of control through the use of regulations.

Setting standards and granting permits, etc. Industries are required to meet the standards, otherwise, substantial fines and/ or imprisonment. Industries are granted permits including the documents of a factorys pollution control obligations.

ECONOMIC MEASURES

Policy instruments from an economic point of view.

Pollution charges and subsidies,etc. User charges: Direct payments for the cost of collective treatment of pollution (e.g. fees paid for the collection & treatment of municipal solid waste). Subsidies: General term for various forms of financial assistance, as an incentive for polluters to change their behaviors.(e.g. grants, soft loans, tax allowances, etc.)

SUASIVE MEASURES

Voluntary programs: foster innovation, stimulate information exchange,

and change the culture of environmental compliance. Voluntary programs incorporate the first wave of pollution prevention implementing devices. Pollution prevention: tangible economic rewards as well as public goodwill and support. Example: Good Housekeeping practices for SMIs.

CONCLUSION

Amount of pollutants generated through the industrial activities in

Yangon is still negligible compared to the other industrialized countries in the region. Careful attention must be needed for the near future and the required action programs should be planned & initiated. Responsibilities to be shared and actions to be taken by a host of stakeholders (e.g. national/local government, NGOs, communities, private sector, and international agencies).