LED Driver Trend

LED Forward Voltage and Forward Current

LEDs are current driven devices with I-V curves similar to PN junction diodes Small changes in VF = large changes in IF Luminous output more proportional to IF

Graphs courtesy2 of Osram

Characteristics of LEDs

Forward Voltage (VF) drop across LED Similar to a diode Wavelength variations Crystal and junction growth defects Brightness variations Crystal defects resulting formation of phonons and non-radiation energy transfer Temperature Junction temperature of the device affects each of the parameters above

Driving Solution Consideration Point

Efficiency
Heat managements desing Power margin Bin Control

Max Brightness
Current Voltage combination of LED

Variation
Temp Variation Aging Vf are matched Color variaion.

Efficiency
Most important thing in driver! Efficiency can be divided in different factors:
Boost efficiency
Switching frequency, external components, PFM mode, switch optimization, etc.

Quiescent Current Iq
How much logic needed, resolution, analog block design etc.

LED Driver Headroom

Headroom depends on the driver topology Boost voltage control accuracy How well LED Vf are matched

Efficiency Breakdown

Power Loss vs Brightness

Percentage of total loss[%]
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Boost Logic LED Driver Boost

1.2 3.1 6

LED Driver

Logic

LDO

10

20

Brightness [%]

30

40

50

60

75

100

Challenges in using LEDs

Regulated current source
Most of Power ICs regulate Voltage New ASSPs required

LEDs get very hot

Require thermal management and efficient power conversion

LED color shift over time & temp

Adaptive LED Drivers maintain true color over life

Infinite number of configurations

# LEDs, Series/Parallel Connections No standard solution offering
Customers Need High-Performance Analog Solutions National Semiconductor has the Expertise

LED Applications

Quick Overview of LED Segments

General Illumination:
Flashlights Indoor Residential Indoor Industrial Store Display Multi-function printers Landscaping Architectural Street Lighting Medical Emergency/Safety Lighting Signs and Channel Lettering Traffic Signals Dot Matrix Signs

Automotive:
CHMSL Headlights RCL Interior Lighting Instrument Panel Infotainment Systems Aviation, Marine, and Rail Crash Avoidance Instrument Panel Interior Lighting

Backlighting & Projection:

Infotainment Large format TV displays Pocket & Data Projectors

Typical LEDs Characteristics and Applications

High Power LED Multi Die LED modules
Vf ~ 58V I~ up to 1.5A/LED

High current white LEDs

Vf ~ 3.56V I~ up to 1A/LED

White Flash LEDs

Vf ~ 46V I~ 0.40.6A/LED

Low Power LED

White LEDs
Vf ~ 3.33.7 I~ 025mA

Single color or RGB LEDs

Blue Vf~3.7 Green Vf ~3.1 Red Vf ~2.0

10

LED application in comsumer

TV Backlighting Phone Projector

Notebook Backlighting

Palm Projector

11

LED Power Driving Techniques

Driving Methods Circuit Configuration

Driving Method Resistor Limiting Pros Inexpensive, Simple Cons Current varies as VF changes Poor efficiency Heat generation at resistor Linear Regulation Switching Regulation Simple High efficiency Poor efficiency Heat dissipation at driver IC Relatively expensive Circuit complexity

13

Resistor Limiting, Linear Regulation

6V

6V

Resistor Limiting

Linear IC with Constant Current Source

Heat dissipation in resistor or linear IC

14

Selecting A Driver Discovery Question Guide

Assess Light Output Requirements

Determine features: Determine LEDs:

Lumens required Electrical properties (Vf, If) Color # of LEDs required BOOST: If Vo > Vin Vin range Dimming (PWM or analog) Thermal feedback Constant frequency Constant ripple etc

Determine driver Topology:

# of strings required ( IF, current matching, high Vin)

Controller or Regulator:
BUCK: If Vo < Vin Output current Efficiency Cost Solution Size

BUCK-BOOST: Vin changes beyond the range of Vo Vo<Vin and Vo>Vin

15 Note: Vo = (#of LEDs x VF) + VSNS

Discovery Questions Part 2

LED Application START DISCOVERY Q#1: What

is the input source and what are the system voltage and current requirements?

General Illumination

Camera FLASH

Fun Lighting/ Indicators

Backlighting

DISCOVERY Qs:
2.# of LEDs or Lumens Output 3. LED Vendor if known 4. Dimming or color temp. control requirements

DISCOVERY Qs:
2. # of FLASH LEDs or Lumens output 3. Type of FLASH 4. Timeout requirements

DISCOVERY Qs:
2. # of LEDs or Lumens output 3. Type (e.g. RGB) and color required

DISCOVERY Qs:
2. Size of display, # of LEDs and # of strings 3. Dimming or color temp control requirements

NOTE: If the parts mentioned in this presentation do not fit your application, please call your National SE or the PL for support

16

Example of LED driver

Boost LED Driving

Low input voltage, high output voltage (long string of LEDs) Typical Application: LCD backlights and camera FLASH

18

Buck LED Driving

VIN
VIN CIN RON RON BOOT CB SW D1 L1

IF
LM3402/02HV
CS RSNS

200mV Feedback Voltage

DIM GND

VCC CF

High input voltage, lower output voltage (High Current LEDs) Typical Application : general lighting.

19

Brightness Control
PWM Dimming: PWM signal (EN/SD pin, FET, or special PWM pin)
Strobing LEDs at frequencies >100Hz results in reduced brightness, as perceived by the eye. Eye filters/averages brightness Average Brightness proportional to Duty Cycle (D): D = tON T

20

HB LED Drivers Products

NSID LM3401 LM3402/HV LM3404/HV LM3405/A LM3406/HV LM3407 LM3409/HV LM3410 LM3421/23 LM3424/Q LM3429 LM3430/32 Min VIN [V] 4.5 6 6 3 6 4.5 6 2.7 4.5 4.5 4.5 6 Max VIN [V] 35 42/75 42/75 15/22 42/75 30 42/75 5.5 75 75 75 40 Max VOUT [V] 35 37/67 37/67 14/20 37/67 27 42/75 24 75 75 75 80+ 1 40mA per string 150mA per string ~20+ 1 80+ ~3 200 N/A Max ILED [A] ~1.5 0.5 1 1 1.5 .35 2 2 Adjust. 190 50 to 1250 VREF [mV] 200 200 200 205 200 450 Dimming PWM, External Analog PWM, External Analog PWM, External Analog PWM, External Analog PWM, 2-Wire PWM PWM, Analog PWM PWM PWM, External PWM, Analog PWM MSOP-8 MSOP-8, PSOP-8 SO-8, PSOP-8 TSOT-6 eTSSOP-14 eMSOP-8 MSOP-10 SOT23-5, LLP-6 TSSOP-20 TSSOP-20 TSSOP-EP 14 LLP-12 / LLP-24, eTSSOP-28 LLP-28, eTSSOP-28 LLP-24 MSOP-10 MSOP-10 Package

LM3431 LM3433 LM3445 LM5022

5 -9 70 6

36 -15 277 60

40+ -6

300 60

PWM, Analog PWM, Analog PWM External

21

LM3424/Q Low Side Controller for Constant Current LED Driver with LED Thermal Control
VIN

Key Features
*Note: (Preliminary Info as of 04.27.09) Wide Vin range: 4.5-75V
Supports large number of strings of LEDs Increased light output, design flexibility, addresses wide range of applications
RT RSLOPE

COUT

VIN
CIN CBYP

LM3424
OVP GATE HSP
RHSN R QSW RHSP

VCC RT SLOPE

Boost Topology Value

HSN IS
RLIM

Enable

EN nDIM

GND EP DDRV
QDIM

Synchronizable Thermal Foldback

Thermal management reduces the need for external circuitry and LEDs last longer in high temperatures Reduces solution size and overall cost + increased reliability and robustness of system
C COMP R COMP

COMP SS
RCSH
RREF1 RREF2

CSH

CSS

VS TREF
RBIAS

TGAIN TSENSE
NTC Thermistor RGAIN

Addresses portion of existing LM3421/23 customers who require temperature management circuitry

PWM and Analog Dimming Topologies: Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost, Flyback, and SEPIC Derivation of LM3421 w/ temperature foldback and sync pin in eTSSOP-20 pkg LM3424Q is AECQ100 grade 1 qualified (-40C to +125C operating junction temp.)

Target Applications
LED Drivers, Constant Current Reg (Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost, Flyback, & SEPIC), Thermo-Electric Cooler (Peltier) Driver

Target Market
Automotive, Architectural, Industrial

Tools and Design Support

Eval Boards, LED WEBENCH (includes thermal mgmt feature)

22

LM3429 Multi-Topology LED Driver Controller

Key Features
WIDE VIN range from 4.5V to 75V
Supports wide range of HV LED applications
Vin

Boost Topology
VIN
LM342x

Buck- Boost Topology

VIN

Supports long strings of LEDs

RT

Vcc

IS GATE
RSNS

2% 1.235V Internal reference voltage

CT

Vin
RT

RSNS

RCT PGND

LM342x
IS RCT GATE PGND HSN

Current sense voltage adjustable from 20mV High side current sensing
Lowers BOM/part count and lower losses

Enable

EN HSP
CT

nDIM HSN
RCOMP

COMP
CCOMP

Enable
AGND
CCOMP

EN nDIM
RCOMP

HSP Vcc

Supports major topologies

CSH
RCSH

2 MOSFET gate driver Input under-voltage protection Over-voltage protection Low shutdown current, Iq < 1mA Cycle-by-cycle current limit Programmable running frequency nDIM pin
Allows for PWM dimming Controlled brightness of LEDs

COMP CSH
RCSH

AGND

Target Applications:
General Illumination: Architectural, Commercial, Industrial Lighting, Automotive LED bulbs, fixtures, ballasts, head lights

Availability:
Package: TSSOP-14 Samples and Eval Boards

23

LM3445 Constant Off-Time Controller with Triac DIM Decoder

Key Features
Vin range: 7V-14V Q1: High voltage FET Integrated 300 ohm bleeder resistor for proper TRIAC operation Simplified Constant Off Time control scheme
Keeps ripple current constant
NC DIM GATE FLTR2 CFLTR2 ISNS RSNS COFF PGND COFF Q2 RFLTR1 FLTR1 CFLTR1 VCC L1 Q1 TRIAC DIMMER MAINS AC R3

LM3445
ASNS BLDR Q3

Reduced solution size/BOM + ease of design

Angle detector/decoder translates TRIAC chopped waveform to analog or digital DIM signal
Enables full range (0-100%) dim capability No 120Hz flicker

Over-current protection with 10uS fixed offtime DIM is I/O

Allows master-slave control in multi-chip solutions Enables uniform dimming

Availability:
Package: MSOP-10 Samples and Eval Boards Available: Now

WEBENCH LM3445 Design Target Applications:

Triac dimmer retro-fit

24

LM3409 PFET Buck LED Driver

Key Features
RUV1 RUV2

1.0A Peak MOSFET gate drive VIN Range 6V to 42V (LM3409) VIN Range 6V to 75V (LM3409HV) Differential, high side current sensing
Saves a wire (especially when driving a long string of LEDs and/or LEDs that are remote from the LED driver) Reduces both system complexity and cost.
VO
COFF ROFF

UVLO

VIN CF CIN

VIN

IADJ

VCC

LM3409/09HV
EN CSP RSNS COFF CSN

VO
GND PGATE Q1

L1 D1

No Control Loop Compensation Required Separate PWM Dimming and Low Power Shutdown
No color shift

IF = 2A

1000 to 1 Analog Dimming Range

Noise free

Market: Architectural Lighting, Industrial Lighting, Gaming Signage, General Illumination Availability: Package: MSOP-10 Samples and Eval Boards Available

Supports all-ceramic output capacitors and capacitor-less outputs

25

LM3402/4/6 and LM3402HV/4HV/6HV 0.5A/1.0A/1.5A HB LED Driver

Product Overview
The LM3404/5/6 and LM3402HV/4HV/6HV are monolithic switching regulators designed to deliver constant currents to high power LEDs.
VIN
VIN BOOT CB SW D1 RON L1

Key Features:
VIN Range: LM340X: 6V 42V, Buck LM340XHV: 6V 75V, Buck True average current control Two PWM LED dimming options: Fast logic pin PWM dimming LM3406: 2-wire dimming by VIN pin Feedback Voltage = 200mV Internal NFET for reduced parts count Switching Frequency up to 1MHz Exposed pad eTSSOP-14 package Drives 1W, 3W, and higher powered LEDs Target Applications: Street lighting, Industrial, Architectural

CIN

RON

Fast PWM Dim

IF

LM3406/06HV
VOUT

DIM

CS RSNS

COMP CC

GND

VCC CF

CB

VIN

D1 VIN CIN RON RON BOOT SW D2

L1

2-Wire Dim
IF

LM3406/06HV
VOUT VINS CS RSNS COMP CC GND VCC CF

Competition: ZXLD1360, LT3474 NSC Value Added: Vin range, output current, dimming, true avg current control Visit JIT for more competitive info and sell-against

26

LM3410 Boost and SEPIC LED Driver

Key Features

Input voltage range of 2.75 to 5.5V Output voltage range of 3 to 24V Switch current up to 2.1A guaranteed over temperature Low, 190mV feedback voltage Option of 520 or 1600 kHz switching frequency PWM Dim pin 160m switch resistance Option of eMSOP-8, LLP-6 or SOT23-5 package

L1
Vin

D1

DIMM

4
DIM

3
FB

2
GND

C2

1
SW

C1

Vin

R1

Target Applications:
Portable Illumination/Flashlight, Personal Navigation Device, Portable Measurement Equipment, Automotive Control/Entertainment Console, Portable DVD Player

NSC Confidential 27

LM3421/23 Low Side Controllers for Constant Current LED Drivers

RT

Key Features
Buck, Buck/Boost, Sepic Topologies VIN Range: 4.5V to 75V High side current sensing VSENSE adjustable form 50mV to 1.25V Fast (50 kHz) PWM dimming input Programmable running frequency Dimming MOSFET gate driver High-side dimming Zero current shutdown LED ready flag Fault timer pin Input UVLO Package options: LM3421: TSSOP-16 LM3423: TSSOP-20 Drives 1W, 3W, and higher powered LEDs LM3423 adds: zero current shutdown, high side dimming, timing control of fault condition

VIN
LM3421
VIN VCC RCT IS GATE PGND HSP RHSP RHSN RS

CT

EN

HSN

PWM Dim
62.5K RCSH

nDIM ILED CSH

COMP

DDRV OVP RPD

AGND

Target Applications:
Automotive, street lighting, architectural

Competition: LT3783 & LT3755 NSC Value Added: Differentiated feature set Visit JIT for more competitive info and sell-against

28

LM5022 60V Low-Side Boost and SEPIC Controller

Key Features
Internal 60V startup regulator 1A peak MOSFET gate driver VIN range 6V to 60V Duty cycle limit of 90% Programmable UVLO with hysteresis Cycle-by-Cycle current limit External synchronizable (AC-coupled) Single resistor oscillator frequency set Slope compensation Adjustable soft-start MSOP-10 package

Target Applications:
Boost Converter, SEPIC Converter

29

LM3431/Q 3-Channel Constant Current LED Driver with Integrated Boost Controller
Product Overview:
The LM3431 is a 3-channel linear current controller combined with a boost switching controller ideal for driving LED backlight panels. The device drives 3 external transistors to deliver high accuracy constant current to 3 LED strings.

Key Features:
VIN Range: 5V to 36V Analog and digital PWM dimming control Up to 25 kHz dimming frequency Greater than 100:1 contrast ratio Adjustable switching frequency up to 1 MHz LED protection: short, open, and thermal Programmable fault delay and cycle-bycycle current limit No audible noise Enable pin LLP-28 and eTSSOP-28 packages Drives low-power LEDs Competition: MAX16821 NSC Value Add: Dimming (range), design flexibility Visit JIT for more competitive info and sell-against
30

Target Applications: Automotive Backlight

LM3430 Boost Controller with 6 channels current regulator for LED Backlighting
Key Features:
Dynamic Headroom Control (DHC) input to maximize efficiency when use with an LM3432 Internal 40V Startup Regulator 1A Peak MOSFET Gate Driver VIN Range 6V to 40V Duty Cycle Limit in Excess of 90% Programmable UVLO with Hysteresis Cycle-by-Cycle Current Limit External Synchronizable (AC-coupled) Single Resistor Oscillator Frequency Set Slope Compensation Adjustable Soft-start Package LLP-12
Target Applications: Backlight, Boost Converter, SEPIC Converter Competition: UC380X, UC38C4X, MAX5020 NSC Value Add: Design flexibility, greater accuracy Visit JIT for more competitive info and sell-against

31

LM3433 Common Anode Capable HB LED Driver

Key Features: Operating Input voltage Range: -9V to -14V w.r.t. LED Anode Control inputs are referenced to the LED anode Output current > 6A Greater than 30 kHz PWM Dimming frequency No output capacitor required Programmable up to 1 MHz switching frequency Low IQ, 1 mA typical Soft start Intelligent constant ON time allows for constant ripple current LLP-24 package
Target Applications: LCD Backlighting, Projection Systems, Solid State Lighting, Automotive Lighting Output configuration allows the anode of the LED to be tied directly to the ground reference chassis for maximum heat sink efficiency

32

LP8543 Feature Summary

VIN L1 5.5V 22V 5V DIGITAL AMBIENT LIGHT SENSOR ALS CVLDO 470 nF ALSO ALSI VDDIO reference voltage VLDO VIN SW DISPLAY1 FB OUT1 OUT2 OUT3 CIN 15 H 10 F D1 10V 38V 210 mA 400 mA COUT 4.7 F

Key Features/Benefits:
1.5% string current matching
Very uniform screen brightness even at 3% display brightness setting. 85 to 90% over the usable display brightness range. Optimized efficiency despite LED VF variations Effective high PWM o/p freq with low Icc Reduced peak i/p current and o/p ripple Programmable LED current Programmable PWM O/P freq Linear PWM input can be converted to have response that matches human eye (E.g. logarithmic response) All panels can have same brightness spec On chip EEPROM to store cal. data

Higher Power Efficiency

VDDIO ADR IF_SEL SCLK SDA

Phase Shift PWM architecture

LP8543

OUT4 OUT5 OUT6

MCU

PWM FAULT EN

OUT7 GNDs DISPLAY2

Highly configurable

PIN 1 ID 6 5 4 3 2 1

Programmable Brightness Response

4x4x0.8mm, 0.5mm pitch, 24L LLP

7 8 9 10 11 12

24 23 22 21 20 19

13

14

15

16

17

18

Tools and Support:

Samples Eval Board

7th channel can be used for auxiliary lighting ( Second display, Icon/key illumination)

Panel Brightness Calibration

Host free On Chip ALS Processing

Target Applications:
~6 to 17 display backlighting

33

LED Driver tend

With special function Multi Channel High Efficiency High Power LP5520 LM3464 LM3549, LM3433 LM3431 LM8543 LM3464 LM8543 LM3409, LM3423 High Speed Under developing Up to 30M switching

Simple Buck Boost

34

Lighting Tools

LED WEBENCH Access from Home Page

http://www.national.com
Home page

Access Procedure: Access LED webpage by below: 1: Click All Products 2: Click LED Lighting 1: click LED. 2: Click here to start

Reminder: The off-line version available soon!!!

36

Enter Design Inputs

Enter input voltage range Enter Number of LEDs

Narrow LED choice by vendor and/or color

Select an LED from the list Reference Design Library

37

Show Recommended Parts

Create Your Own Design

Select to view operating values or schematics File operation Key operating values: Frequency, Efficiency LED Ipp (Ripple Current) Temperature Optimization knob: Customize design for: No output cap Specify peak to peak LED ripple

38

Change the Component

Select another schottky diode

39

Simulate Electrical Behavior

4 simulation types

Click to change to alternative parts

40

View Steady State Waveforms

Switching node voltage

Add/delete waveforms LED current LM3402 Switch current

41

Click and drag mouse to zoom in on plot

Step 4 Build it! Buy it!

42

Built it! Documentation

43

44