1 Mathematics Department Institut Perguruan Sultan Mizan Besut, Terengganu.

MODULE 1 Aims and Objectives of the Integrated Mathematics Curriculum for Primary and Sec ondary Schools (KBSR and KBSM) Introduction Welcome to Topic 1. This topic tells you about the aims and objecti ves of the Malaysian Mathematics Curricula as specified in the current Integrate d Mathematics Curricula for our Malaysian Primary and Secondary Schools (KBSR an d KBSM) knowledge you must know in order to be a good mathematics teacher! It al so seeks to increase your knowledge and awareness on the important changes in th e KBSR and KBSM Mathematics Curriculum. The new curriculum that evolved at the p rimary level was known as the New Curriculum for Primary Schools or the Kurikulum Baru Sekolah Rendah (KBSR). This was later renamed as the Integrated Curriculum for Primary Schools, that is, the Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Rendah (KBSR) . At t he secondary school level, the current curriculum is called the Integrated Curri culum for Secondary Schools or the Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Menengah (KBSM ). L earning Outcomes: By the end of this topic, you will be able to: 1. state the ai ms of the Integrated Primary and Secondary School Mathematics Curriculum (KBSR a nd KBSM), 2. state the objectives of the Integrated Primary and Secondary School Mathematics Curriculum, 3. update your knowledge regarding the latest changes i n the Primary Mathematics syllabus; and 4. describe the latest changes in the Ma laysian Primary School Mathematics Syllabus. 2.1 Introduction to the Integrated Mathematics Curriculum for Primary Schools (KBSR) and Secondary Schools (KBSM) Do you know how and when the Integrated Mathematics Curricula for Primary and Se condary schools were introduced? Jot down your opinion. Finished? Good. Compare your points with Attachment 1. Module 1 - Integrated Mathematics Curriculum KPLI Mathematics ( Minor )

2 Mathematics Department Institut Perguruan Sultan Mizan Besut, Terengganu. Reading Assignment 1 Read Attachment 1. Make short notes based on what you have read. Attachment 1 The New Primary School Curriculum [(Kurikulum Baru Sekolah Rendah (KBSR)] was fi rst implemented in 1982 as a pilot project. It was fully implemented in all scho ols at all levels by 1988. In 1994, the curriculum was revised and renamed the P rimary School Integrated Curriculum for Mathematics (Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Rendah) where moral values were emphasized and taught across the curriculum. In the year 2000, steps were taken to review the curriculum in line with the infor mation age. Changes were made to the topics where deemed necessary. This reviewe d syllabus has yet to be implemented fully in the primary schools. The syllabus is still being fine-tuned to cater to expected problems arising from the change in the medium of instruction from Bahasa Melayu to English in Year 1 in all scho ols, beginning 2003. The Secondary School Integrated Curriculum was first implem ented in Form 1 in 1989 and in Form 5 in 1993 to ensure continuity of the conten ts taught in the primary school syllabus. In the year 2000, the curriculum was r evised and necessary changes were made. It was implemented in 2002 and recently, the syllabus was again reviewed in preparation for the expected problems accomp anying the change in the medium of instruction from Bahasa Melayu to English in Form 1 in the year 2003. By now, you should have a clearer idea about the Integrated Mathematics Curricul a for primary (introduced in 1994) and secondary schools (introduced in 1989). T hese curricula were again revised in 2002. New emphasis is presently given to th e Constructivist Approach, Contextual Learning, Mastery Learning, Thinking Skill s, Multiple Intelligences Theory and the infusion of Moral Values. Read the foll owing booklets to learn more about these topics.. Suggested Reading : Read the following guideline booklets prepared by the Curriculum Development Cen tre (PPK) of Malaysia : Pembelajaran secara Konstruktivisme ( Julai 2001 ) Pembe lajaran secara Kontekstual ( 2001 ) Pembelajaran Masteri ( Julai 2001 ) Pembelaj aran Kemahiran Berfikir (Julai 2001) Teori Pelbagai Kecerdasan (Julai 2001) Module 1 - Integrated Mathematics Curriculum KPLI Mathematics ( Minor )

3 Mathematics Department Institut Perguruan Sultan Mizan Besut, Terengganu. The National Education Philosophy and the KBSR philosophy form the guiding princ iples to arrive at the aims and objectives of KBSR Mathematics. Your understandi ng of the philosophy as well as the aims and objectives will enable you to focus on the vision and mission of education in our country. The role of you as a mat hematics teacher is to realize the vision and mission of the country through edu cation in mathematics. Read Attachment 2 to get a clearer picture regarding the philosophy of the primary school (KBSR) Curriculum. Attachment 2 The philosophy of KBSR Curriculum The nature of education at the pr imary school level is basic and foundational. The curriculum is planned to give each pupil equal opportunity to acquire knowledge and skills as well as apprecia ting the required values. The Integrated Curriculum (KBSR) aims to provide basic mathematics education to all pupils at Stage I and stresses on the use of mathe matics in everyday situations at Stage II. In addition to that, thinking skills and learning skills are incorporated into the teaching and learning activities. The memorization of basic facts pertaining to the four operations, that is, addi tion, subtraction, multiplication and division is also emphasized. The teaching and learning process emphasizes the mastery of mathematical concepts, procedures and language. The teaching and learning of mathematics have to be fun and chall enging for all pupils. For this purpose, the usage of various meaningful teachin g and learning techniques and phased exercises should be in line with the pupils' interest, experience and ability. Attention is also given to the different learn ing abilities and styles of the pupils. Source: Primary Mathematics Syllabus (19 94) By PPK, DBP After reading about the philosophy of the KBSR Mathematics Curriculum and the ne w emphases in the Integrated Primary Mathematics Curriculum, you need to underst and more about the aims and objectives of this curriculum. The following section discusses the aims and objectives of the KBSR curriculum. 2.1 Aims and Objectiv es of the Integrated Mathematics Curriculum for Primary Schools [(Kurikulum Baru / Bersepadu Sekolah Rendah ( KBSR)] What are the aims and objectives of the primary school mathematics curriculum? W rite down what you know. Module 1 - Integrated Mathematics Curriculum KPLI Mathematics ( Minor )

4 Mathematics Department Institut Perguruan Sultan Mizan Besut, Terengganu. The aims and objectives stated below are taken from the latest version of the sy llabus (2003), translated from Bahasa Melayu to English, prepared by the Curricu lum Development Centre of Malaysia. (a) Aims of KBSR Mathematics The Primary School Mathematics Curriculum aims to build pupils' understanding of n umber concepts and their basic skills in computation that they can apply in thei r daily routines effectively and responsibly in keeping with the aspirations of a developed society and nation, and at the same time to use this knowledge to fu rther their studies. (b) Objectives of KBSR Mathematics The Primary School Mathematics Curriculum objectives will enable pupils to: 1. k now and understand the concepts, definitions, rules and principles related to nu mbers operations space measures data representation ; 2. master the basic operat ions of mathematics, namely : addition subtraction multiplication division ; 3. master the skills of combined operations; 4. master basic mathematical skills, n amely : making estimates and approximates, measuring, handling data, representin g information in the form of graphs and charts; 5. use mathematical skills and k nowledge to solve problems in everyday life effectively and responsibly; 6. use the language of mathematics correctly; 7. use suitable technology in concept bui lding, acquiring mathematical skills and solving problems; 8. apply the knowledg e of mathematics systematically, heuristically, accurately and carefully; 9. par ticipate in activities related to mathematics; and 10. appreciate the importance and beauty of mathematics. Module 1 - Integrated Mathematics Curriculum KPLI Mathematics ( Minor )

5 Mathematics Department Institut Perguruan Sultan Mizan Besut, Terengganu. In your opinion, how can you help your pupils to achieve the objective to apprec iate the importance and beauty of mathematics. 2.2 Aims and Objectives of the Integrated Mathematics Curriculum for Secondary Schoo ls [(Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Menengah (KBSM)] What are the aims and objectives of the secondary school mathematics curriculum? Write down what you know. The aims and objectives stated below are taken from the latest version of the sy llabus (2002), translated from Bahasa Melayu to English, by the Curriculum Devel opment Centre of Malaysia. (a) Aims of KBSM Mathematics The Secondary School Mathematics Curriculum aims to develop mathematical thinkin g and competent individuals who will be able to apply mathematical knowledge eff ectively and responsibly in problem solving and decision making, this will enabl e the individual to face the challenges that arise due to the advancement of sci ence and technology. Module 1 - Integrated Mathematics Curriculum KPLI Mathematics ( Minor )

6 Mathematics Department Institut Perguruan Sultan Mizan Besut, Terengganu.

(b) Objectives of KBSM Mathematics The Secondary School Mathematics Curriculum w ill enable students to: 1. understand mathematical concepts, definitions, laws, principles and theorems related to Numbers, Shapes, Space and Relationships ; 2. widen applications of basic fundamental skills such as addition, subtraction, m ultiplication and division related to Numbers, Shapes and Relationships ; 3. acq uire basic mathematical skills such as: estimation and rounding measuring and nstructing collecting and handling data representing and interpreting data recog nizing and representing relationship mathematically; using algorithm and relatio nship problem solving, and decision making ; 4. communicate mathematically ; 5. apply knowledge and mathematical skills in pr oblem solving and decision making ; 6. relate between topics in mathematics and between mathematics and disciplines; other 7. use suitable technologies in concept building, acquiring skills, problem solv ing and exploring the field of mathematics; 8. cultivate mathematical knowledge and skills effectively and responsibly ; 9. inculcate positive attitudes towards Mathematics; 10. appreciate the importance and the beauty of Mathematics. By now, you should have a clearer picture about the aims and objectives of the K BSR and KBSM Mathematics Curriculum. You need to have a clear understanding of t he KBSR and KBSM mathematics syllabus to enable you to teach effectively in scho ol. The next section helps you to update your knowledge and enhance your underst anding with respect to this. It is advisable that you have with you the Curricul um Specifications of the latest syllabus for KBSR as well as the 1983 and 1994 v ersions to proceed. Module 1 - Integrated Mathematics Curriculum KPLI Mathematics ( Minor )

7 Mathematics Department Institut Perguruan Sultan Mizan Besut, Terengganu. 2.3 Reviewing changes in the Primary Mathematics Curriculum Before you start, yo u need to put on your thinking hat. Why do we need to learn about the changes in the primary mathematics curriculum? Jot down your views in the space provided. It is important for you, as the teacher, to sequence teaching and learning activ ities properly to facilitate easy flow of lessons from one topic to another. You r pupils will be able to make connections from the previous knowledge to the one currently presented by you. The topics are usually arranged based on principles such as from the easy to the difficult, from the simple to the complex, from the kno wn to the unknown and from the concrete to the abstract. All these considerations a re vital to the development of all topics to facilitate your pupils understandin g and learning. Your understanding of the development of these learning areas is crucial because it will facilitate your choice of strategies for the teaching a nd learning activities in your classroom later. You will also be able to point o ut the inter-relationship between these areas in the two curricula as well as th e changes they had undergone and the rationale for the changes. Changes to the s yllabi were done in accordance to the current needs of our education system, in line with the development in science and technology Since its inception in 1983, some changes have been made to the Mathematics Curriculum for primary schools i n 1994. The syllabus again underwent revision in 2001. Browse through the latest KBSR syllabus. Note down the changes that have taken place in the Kurikulum Bar u Sekolah Rendah syllabus from its inception in 1983 till the revised version in 1994. Construct a table or concept map to illustrate the major changes in the major le arning areas in the KBSR syllabus. Note: Major learning areas include Number, Ge ometry and Measurement. By now you should be well-versed with the major changes in the KBSR syllabus. Co ngratulations! Show your findings to your tutor in your tutorial session. Module 1 - Integrated Mathematics Curriculum KPLI Mathematics ( Minor )

8 Mathematics Department Institut Perguruan Sultan Mizan Besut, Terengganu. Summary: 1. The KBSR Education of the primary school level is basic and foundati onal with a curriculum that gives each pupil equal opportunity to acquire knowle dge and skills as well as appreciate the moral values. At Stage I, basic mathema tics education is provided to all pupils and at Stage II, the use of mathematics in everyday situations is emphasized. Thinking skills and learning skills are i ntegrated in teaching and learning activities. Emphasis of KBSR Mathematics is a lso given to memorizing several facts of the four operations that is addition, s ubtraction, multiplication and division. The teaching and learning process empha size that pupils master mathematical concepts, procedures and language. The teac hing and learning of mathematics have to be fun and challenging for all pupils. The usage of various meaningful teaching and learning techniques and phased exer cises should be suitable with the pupil's interest, experience and ability. Attent ion is also given to the different learning abilities and styles of the pupils. 2. 3. References Curriculum Development Centre (2002). Integrated curriculum for secondary school s. curriculum specifications mathematics. Kuala Lumpur: Ministry Of Education, M alaysia. Curriculum Development Centre (2003). Integrated curriculum for primary schools. curriculum specifications mathematics. Kuala Lumpur: Ministry Of Educa tion, Malaysia. Mok Soon Sang (2003). A mathematics course for diploma of educat ion semester 1. 1st ed. Subang Jaya: Kumpulan Budiman Sdn. Bhd. Seow Siew Hua (1 995). Pengajaran matematik KBSR. Shah Alam : Fajar Bakti. Module 1 - Integrated Mathematics Curriculum KPLI Mathematics ( Minor )