Nepali English Glossary

NEPALI-ENGLISH
&
ENGLISH-NEPALI
GLOSSARY

Shambhu Oja
Banu Oja
Mark Turin
Elisabeth Uphoff

second edition

South Asia Program
Cornell University
June 2004

ii
Introduction to the Second Edition

The Nepali language is spoken by around 20 million people in the Kingdom of Nepal, where it is
the national and official language. About 11 million of these speakers use Nepali as a mother
tongue. Outside of Nepal, Nepali is also spoken in north-east India and in much of Bhutan. On
account of its widespread use in the states of West Bengal (particularly in the district of
Darjeeling) and Sikkim, the Indian Constitution recognizes Nepali as a major language of India.
While Dzongkha is the national language of Bhutan, Nepali is widely spoken by many of its
citizens and used as a lingua franca across the country. In short, Nepali is a major regional
language used in numerous South Asian countries.

Nepali is an Indo-Aryan language, and thus part of a linguistic grouping which includes
other South Asian languages such as Hindi, Bengali, Marathi and Gujarati. Modern Indo-Aryan
languages are related to Sanskrit, much as modern European languages are related to Latin.
Nepali is written in the Devangar (or Nagari) script, which is also used for Hindi, Marathi and
Sanskrit. Nepali Devangar has 12 vowels and 36 consonants. The script is essentially phonetic,
meaning that the pronunciation closely resembles the written form. The script is written from left
to right, with a top line indicating the word boundaries.

This volume is made up of two discrete glossaries, first Nepali-English and thereafter
English-Nepali. While similar, the lexical corpora which make up the two glossaries are actually
quite distinct. The Nepali-English Glossary closely follows the content of Shambhu and Banu
Ojas Nepali Beginners Primer, and the lesson number in which a word is first used is given in
the penultimate column. This 51-page glossary is organised according to the Nepali alphabetic
order. The English-Nepali Glossary does not map directly onto the content of the lessons in the
primer, but rather provides an extensive corpus of terms which Cornells Nepali language
instructors have been asked to translate over the years. The content of this glossary reflects the
interests of generations of Cornell students who have studied anthropology, ecology, economics,
politics and sociology in Nepal and through Nepali.

Shambhu Oja, Department of Asian Studies
Mark Turin, Digital Himalaya Project

Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
June 2004

Acknowledgements to the Second Edition

The production of the second edition of this Nepali-English and English-Nepali Glossary has
relied on the generous support of many individuals. First and foremost, without the financial and
administrative support of the Department of Asian Studies at Cornell University, and specifically
Professor Edward M. Gunn, Ann VanDeMark and Kim Steber, this revised and reworked
glossary would never have seen the light of day. We are grateful for your trust and help. Second,
the Nepali Unicode font team at Madan Puraskr Pustaklaya in Kathmandu have been a pleasure
to work with. In particular, we would like to thank Amar Gurung and Pawan Chitrakar. Finally,
we would like to express our appreciation to members of the Cornell community, in particular to
Anne Stengle and Durga Bor at the South Asia Program for their help with the printing, Professor
Kathryn March for her unflagging support and Sara Shneiderman for her careful editorial eye.
Thanks to Ajay Rai of Wandering Spirits for the front cover photo. Needless to say, any
remaining errors or typographical lapses are our responsibility.

iii

Introduction to the First Edition

The Nepali language program at Cornell faces several challenges that are likely to characterize
similar programs elsewhere. The number of students taking Nepali changes every year, each
student has a different level of ability and there is a scarcity of published Nepali texts and
dictionaries. Most importantly, most Nepali language students have specific but widely diverse
fields of interest. Some students come from the Peace Corps, some come after study or travel
abroad, and increasingly some come from Nepalese-American families. This means that they
have very different language backgrounds and very different reasons for wanting to learn Nepali.
Some want to work in development on irrigation or healthcare; others want to do PhD research on
questions of religious change or womens issues; others simply want to be able to talk to older
members of their families.

It has been our goal at Cornell to teach not only basic skills in spoken and written Nepali
but to try to make our students linguistically competent in their chosen fields of specialization as
well. Because of the difficulties in locating texts and reference books to suit all their varying
needs, we have tried to create new kinds of instructional materials for Nepali which could:

(a) teach increasingly complex grammatical structures
(b) tailor additional vocabulary and dialogues to individual students professional
directions
(c) wherever possible utilize material from Nepalese school books, folk stories,
literature, songs, proverbs, Radio Nepal/Nepal TV, taped conversations, or other
sources not created solely for the classroom

We began the Nepali Computer Project in 1988 with support between 1988 and 1992
from the Northeast Consortium for Language Teaching and Learning, Cornell South Asia
Program, and the Department of Modern Languages and Linguistics. Our objective has been to
develop an integrated system to provide Nepali language instructors with flexible teaching
materials that can be readily adapted to suit their students varying numbers, abilities, and wide
range of interests. For this reason we chose a computer-based system because it offered the
flexibility of organization and presentation that we needed.
At present, the project consists of a Beginners Primer, a Beginning Reader, an
Intermediate Reader, and this Glossary which has been compiled from the vocabulary contained
in the other materials using a computer database. All of the words in this glossary are coded by
subject and by the chapter or story in which they are first introduced, so that it would be possible
to print out specific vocabulary lists according to topic of interest and/or level of study.
It has been a long and informative voyage from our first days, trying to produce new
materials for each level of students. These volumes represent the effort not only of the language
instructors and their main assistants, but also the cumulative questions, problems, and needs of
students in Nepali language classes at Cornell for almost ten years. We hope that these volumes,
and those that will follow, will continue to serve them in all of their diverse needs.

Professor Kathryn March
Department of Anthropology
Cornell University

Ithaca, New York
1992

iv
Acknowledgements to the First Edition

The Nepali Computer Project at Cornell owes thanks to many people. First, of course, is the
Cornell South Asia Program which is making this publication possible and which has backed the
Nepali language offerings at Cornell since 1984. We would like to thank the Northeast
Consortium for Language Teaching and Learning for their financial support of this project. The
Department of Modern Languages and Linguistics at Cornell, too, provided invaluable support
both in the basic support of the Nepali language program and in the person of Ann VanDeMark,
without whose administrative savvy any of this work would have been unthinkable. Professor
James Gairs Sinhala glossary provided an important early model and inspiration for our efforts.
And Professor Kathryn March was ever behind the project with constant advocacy and support.
But above all, we are indebted to all the students through the years of Nepali teaching at Cornell
who have read, revised, and added to this work. And of those students we are especially grateful
for the special assistance of Christopher Scott and Bhushan Tuladar.

We are glad to be able to offer this printed version of our Nepali language materials.
However, please bear in mind that this is a first edition and may contain spelling or other errors.
We would deeply appreciate feedback both on technical and methodological presentation so that
we can make the second edition better.

Banu Oja, Shambhu Oja, Elisabeth Uphoff

Ithaca, New York
1992

Technical Notes

Work on the first edition of this glossary started in 1988 using an early Apple Macintosh
computer, a database package called FileMaker+ and the Knchi NR Devanagari font. The
glossary was subsequently published in 1992.

The second edition was prepared in May 2004 by Shambhu Oja and Mark Turin, using the Nepali
Unicode environment devised by the Madan Puraskr Pustaklaya library in Kathmandu, Nepal.
The original glossary was retyped as a tabulated Microsoft Word document, checked and then
sorted according to the Nepali and English alphabetical orders. We have used a Unicode Nepali
font called Kalimati, which is freely downloadable from the Madan Puraskr Pustaklaya website
along with the keyboard layout <www.mpp.org.np>. The updated version of this bilingual
glossary is currently being formatted as a searchable database for online delivery.

List of Abbreviations

an = anthropology (words dealing with kinship or religion)
ag = agriculture
g = general (basic glossary)
h = household (food, utensils, parts of houses)
p = politics

v

1
Nepali - English Glossary

Nepali part English lesson subject
4l
n hug g
l
adj English L-8 g
l
n cupped hands - g
"ll
adj dark L-24 g
"ll
n darkness - g
4l
adv suddenly g
=
n letter (alphabet) - g
~sl
n arena, station, base - p
~l
n newspaper L-28 g, p
4l
n leader, guide - p
l
n sitting place around a hearth h
l
adj tall L-8 g
l, l
adv before, ago L-12 g
,
n number (numeral) L-23 g

adv surprise L-7 g
l
n spicy pickle, chutney L-3 g, h

adv these days, nowadays L-5 g
H
adj more, yet L-24 g
H
adv yet, still L-19 g

n zone L-17 p
ll
n Zone Commissioner - p
( l4
v to be stuck g
:
conj therefore - g
l
adj very L-31 g
ll
adj additional, besides - g
4l, l
conj or L-5 g
l
n court, court house - p
l4
adj exceeding, excess, more - p, g

2

l4l
n authority, right, power - p
l4ll
n an authority, official - p
ll"
n kingdom - p
l
adj incomplete, half-finished - p, g
"=
n president, chairman (of a committee) - p
"l"
n ordinance - p
l
n grain (wheat, corn, rice, etc) - ag
l4lF
n drought ag
l
adj then - g
l4l
n famine - ag, p
4
adj favorable, opportune, convenient - p, g
l
n grant, subsidy - g, p
4
n experience - p, g
4
v to experience, realize - p, g
l
n approval, permission - g, p
l
n guess, estimate - g, p
ll
adj estimated - g, p

adj analogous, similar, resembling - g, p
l
n request - g, p
"l
n directive, punishment, discipline, order L-13 g, p
l
n research L-14 g
l
adv according (to) L-31 g
l
n schedule, a list - g, p
ll
adj strange, odd, peculiar L-7 g
l
adj ignorant - g

n difference, gap, interval - p, g
ll"

adj international - p, g

3

ll"
4l
n international unity - p, g
ll"
4l
n international law - p, g
l
adj last, final L-23 g
l
n guess - g
ll
adv approximately L-3 g
l 4l
n superstition - an
l
v to follow, observe - p, an
p "ll
adj uncomfortable, difficult L-24 g
l
n office L-26 g

adv now, now then L-9 g
"
adv certainly L-5 g
l
n condition, situation g

adj late L-16 g
ll
adj sour L-2 g
"
adj precious g

adj other L-5 g
4l
adj next, another L-5 g
"l
n economics L-8 p

adj apart, separate - g, p
ll
adj a little (when the amount can't be
measured)
- g
l4l
adj a little (measurable) L-5 g
]l
adj lazy L-7 g
4 l
v to inform, notify - g

adj unable g

n result, effect - p

adj good, pure L-26 g

4

llH
adj uncommon, unusual - g
l
n third month in the Nepali calendar L-17 g
ll
v to hail (weather) L-13 g, ag
ll
adj unlimited - g
l
n sixth month of the Nepali calendar L-17 g
l
n the day before yesterday - g
l
adv some time in the far past L-9 g
l
n hospital L-15 g

adv no L-5 g
l
n now L-5 g
~l
n eye L-14 g

n courtyard L-37 g

v to have amoebic dysentery L-13 g
l
n Sunday L-9 g

v to arrive L-26 g

v to come L-1 g
4l"lHl
(l)
n telegram L-1 g
l
adj next year L-30 g
, lp "l
n back (of a person) g
H
n conduct, behavior - g, p

n today L-4 g
4l
adv nowadays L-4 g
ll
adj nowadays L-4 g
l
v to be nervous, be worried g
"
n model, ideal - p, g
l-l
n exchange, giving and taking of things or
ideas, correspondent
- p
l
phr et cetera g

5

"
n order, instruction - p
l
n base, support L-33 g
l4
adj modern - p, g

adj happy, joyful L-37 g

n self (himself, herself, ones self) L-24 g
l
adj ones own L-2 g
"4
adj necessary, essential - g
"4l
n necessity - g
l, 4l
n sound, noise g
ll
n income (general) - p
l
n mother L-1 g, an
"
n income - p
" l
n income source - p
"l
n fixed income (from a tenant farming
land)
- p

n beginning - g, p
l
v to rest L-2 g
l4 4
adv with ease, leisurely, comfortably g
l 4
adj financial, economic - p

n potato L-13 g, h
"l
n hope L-37 g
" "
adj amazed g
ll
n debtor - p, g
]l
n wish, desire, aim, interest - g

n prestige, honor, self-respect, status - p
l l"
n engineer - p, ag
ll
n history - g, p
"ll
adv et cetera - g
l
n water well - ag

6

T
n God of Rain, King of Heaven (Hindu) an
l
n justice, judgment - p
ll
adj just - p, g
ll
adj honest - g
ll
n intention - g
l4l
n area, region - p, g
l
n name of a district in eastern Nepal - p, g
cc
n estimate - g

pron he (singular familiar) L-4 g

adj the above (written, said) - g
lV
v to split, tear, unravel g
l
adj height L-8
l
v to raise, lift, take up - g
l
adj appropriate - g
(l )
n compliant(s) - g
"ll
adj light L-24 g

v to stand up, get up L-1 g

n north; reply L-16 g
lH
n example - g
"
n goals, aims - g
l
n industry, enterprise, effort - g
ll
n industry, enterprise, craft - g, p
l
pron s/he, less formal than wahaa, more
formal than u
L-8 g
l
pron they (familiar) L-4 g
l
n progress, advancement - g, p

adj improved (i.e. improved wheat) - g
4l
n favor, help, benevolence, welfare g
"l
n novel L-12 g

7

"l
n use, utilization, usage - g
"ll
adj worth, fitting, suitable, useful - g
"lll
n usefulness, utility - g
l
adj above-said, mentioned - g

adj available, obtainable, attained - g
4l ,
d
v to fast an
l
adj ready at hand, present - g
l"
n means, method, plan - g
l"
n means, way out, scheme g
l
adv in the future, subsequently, hereafter,
henceforth
- g

v to jump g
l, l
n produce, crop, yield - g, ag

v to come up, be produced, yield - g, ag
l
v to be left over, be surplus - g
l
v to boil L-14 g
l
v to germinate, sprout, grow, spring up L-14 g
l
n translation - g

adj alike L-13 g
c
adj same L-13 g
4l
n unity, unanimity, oneness - p
4
adj absolutely, a lot, very, quite L-8 g
4l
n unit (i.e. administrative unit) - p
l44H
n unification - p
4
adj same L-13 g

adj alone L-7 g
ll, 4l

n aerogram L-7 g

8


n law, act - p
ll
n dry g
l
interj oh L-9 g
l
n tools, equipment - p, ag
l
adj very much - g
4l
n malaria - p, an
l
n medicine - g
4=l
n class, grade in school - g, p
4]4l
n turtle -
4l
adv where? (usually used for directions) L-16 g
4l
adv how much? L-1 g
4l
n story L-12 g
4
n miser, stingy L-37 g
4l
n hair L-14 g
4l
n coffee L-5 g, h
4l
n control, possession; hinge - p
4l
adj weak L-13 g
44
adj at least L-24 g
4l
n earnings - p
4l
v to earn - p
4l
n shirt L-1 g
4
n tax, excise, duty - p
4 l
v to tax, insist, force - p
4H
n sorrow, grief g
4l
n debt - p
4 "
n duties - p
4
n machine - p, ag
4
n pen L-1 g

9

4l
adv how? (by what means) L-4 g
44l
pron whose? L-1 g
4l
adv how? (color, quality, shape) L-2 g
4l
adv when? L-4 g
4l4ll
adv sometimes L-5 g
4lcl
n fork L-18 g
4l4l
n uncle (fathers brother) - g, an
4l4l
n aunt (fathers brothers wife) - g, an
4l
n paper L-3 g
4l
n paper L-3 g
4ll
n lime (fruit) L-2 g, h
4l
n work, duty; button hole - p
4l l l
n village corral where stray cattle are kept
as penalty
- ag
4l
v to cut, chop L-34 g
4ll4
n seventh month in the Nepal calendar L-17 g
4l
n ear - g
4l
adv two days after tomorrow L-9 g
4lll4
n fast for Kali an
4ll
n copy, notebook L-1 g
4l
n work L-5 g
4l
v to work L-5 g
4l4l
n work, occupation, business - p
4l"
adj established, settled - p
4l~ll
n factory - p
4l"
n activity, act, deed - p
4l" 4l
n official, employee, staff member, worker - p
4l"
n program, schedule L-19 g
4l" ll
n action - p

10

4l" ll
n procedure - p
4l"l4"
v to carry out, execute - p
4l"l"
n office L-26 g, p
4ll
adj black L-3 g
4ll l
n black market L-19 g, p
l4
conj or L-5 g
l4l
n book L-1 g
l4l
n division, section, item (of land) - p
l4lll
n cadastral survey - p
l4
adv why? L-7 g
l4
conj because L-5 g
l4
v to buy L-6 g
l4l
n nail, stake - ag
l4l
n farmer, peasant - ag, p
l4l
n kind, sort, type L-16 g
l4l
n installment, pay - p, ag
4~l
n chicken L-37 g, ag
4l
n broom L-24 g, h
4
v to run g
4
pron which? L-3 g
4 4
pron which? (plural) L-5 g
4ll
pron which one? L-3 g
4
adj certain, some L-31 g
4 l
phrase I dont know (colloquial) - g
4l
n things, talk, chat L-16 g
4l
v to talk, speak with L-2 g
4ll
n superstition (negative sense), bad custom - p, an
4
v to wait L-33 g

11

4 4
n original capital (wealth) - p
44l
n family god, lineage deity an
4l
n irrigation ditch - ag
44l
n water-hole, shallow well - ag
4"l
adv please (formal) - g
4l
n agriculture L-8 a, ag
4
pron what? L-1 g
4cl4cl
n children (male and female) L-31 g
4 T
n center - p
4lT"
adj central - p
4l
n banana L-2 g, h
4l
adj some (things) L-27 g
4l
n scissors g
4l"
n remarks - p
4l
adj grey L-3 g
4l
pron who? L-4 g
4l ll
adv about L-24 g
4lc
n coat L-23 g
4lcl
n quota - p
4ll
n room L-3 g, h
4l"
n unit of distance (two miles) - g
4ll""
n try, effort, endeavor L-23 g
4ll
adj some (people) L-27 g

n order, series - p
"
adv in order, step by step, serially,
respectively
- p
=
n area, constituency, region - p
=-H
n area tour, field trip - p
~cl
v to appoint, depute - p

12

~s
n part, section g
~l
n loss, harm, damage - g
~
v to be finished (slang) L-12 g
~
v to dig - ag, g
~
n news L-27 g, p
~l
n head clerk - p
~ll
n ash g
~l
adj bad L-26 g
~l"l
n rabbit g
~l
n purchase - g
~
n expense - g
~
v to spend (money) - g
~ ll
n consumable supplies - g
~l
n castrated goat L-34 g, ap
~
v to slip, fall, be dropped L-28 g
~ll
n snack L-4 g, h
~ll
n register book - p
~ll
n food L-4 g, h
~l
v to eat L-2 g
~l 4l
n things to eat, edibles (food) L-27 g, h
~l
v to dismiss, abolish, expel - p
~ll
adj empty, vacant L-32 g
~l
adj special, actual, real - g
~ll
adv especially, actually - g
~ll
n chili pepper (hot) L-2 g, h
~l
adj open, frank L-17 g
~"l
adj pleased, happy L-7 g
~
adj very, extremely L-13 g

13

~
n field (irrigated) - ag
~ll
n cultivated property - ag
~lll
n cultivation, farming - ag
~l4l
n farmer - ag
~
n game L-10 g
~4
n sports, athletics - g
~4 l
n playing fields - g
~
v to play L-18 g
~l
adj brown L-3 g
~l4l
n cough L-7 g
~l
v to look for L-37 g
~l
n cage L-37 g
~l
v to open L-1 g
~l
v to snatch L-24 g
cl , cl
n crab -
s4l
n name of a river in Nepal, also name of a
zone
L-17 g
l
n last year - g
l
n speed, condition - g

n date (Nepali calendar) L-9 g

v to count L-1 g

v to chat, gossip L-11 g
l
adj poor L-35 g

v to do L-1 g

adj, n hot, summer L-7 g
l
n carpet - h, g
ll
adj deep L-8 g

n wheat - ag
ll
n marijuana L-17 g

14

l ll
n festival honoring cows in Kathmandu L-32 g, an
l-
n cattle, livestock L-31 ag
l
n village L-8 g
l
v to sing L-12 g
ll
adj dark (color) L-3 g
ll
v to scold, curse L-36 g
ll
adj difficult L-7 g
l
n song L-12 g
H
n quality - g
H
n multiplication L-15 g
l 4l
n secret, confidential matter - g

v to lose, miss g

n teacher L-2 g, p
l"l
adj sweet L-2 g
l
n religious or cultural association, land
owned by cultural association
- an

n arch, archway - g
-l"
n Home Ministry - p
sl
n rhinoceros L-6 g
l
n cow shed - ag
l
v to weed ag

n planet g
cl
v (tr.) to subtract, decrease, reduce, diminish
something
L-15 g

v to be decreased, be reduced L-23 g
sl
n watch L-9 g
cl
n hour L-7 g
cl
n bell L-9 g
s
n pride, arrogance, ego g

n house, home L-1 g, a

15

lcl
n throat L-14 g
l
n grass, fodder L-3 g, ag
l
n sun, sunlight L-24 g
l"l
v to drag, pull g

v to travel, walk, revolve L-11 g

n wheel g
c4l
n magician an

v to climb, ride - g
l
n donation - an, g
l
n spoon, yes-man, sycophant (slang) L-12 g, h
l
n bird L-24 g, h
l
v to graze L-31 g, ag

n custom, use, manner - g, an
l
v to run, drive, stir, pick on someone L-16 g
l~
adj clever, sharp or quick minded L-9 g
l~l
n cleverness g
ll
v to dispatch, consign - p
ls
adj early L-13 g
ll
n silver L-37 g
l~ ll
adj interesting L-8 g
l , l
n small change, ordinary, insignificant
(slang)
g
l
n rice (husked, uncooked) - g, ag, h
l
n manner, behavior, conduct L-13 an, g
l
adj running, functioning, outgoing - g
ll
v to be needed L-12 g
l
n cheese - g, h
ll
n letter L-14 g
l
n China L-31 g, p

16

ll
n sugar L-2 g, h
l
v to recognize, know, be acquainted with L-22 g
ll
v to slip, slide L-23 g
ll
adj slippery L-23 g
l"l
n tea L-3 g, h
l"l
v to peep, peer g
l
v to saw, chop L-37 g
ll
adj cold (used for things) L-7 g
l, ll
n things L-11 g
l4
n election - p
l
v to be quiet L-18 g
-l
v to sit quietly, remain quiet L-26 g
lc
n cigarette L-6 g, h

n twelfth month in Nepal calendar L-17 g
lcl
n time L-26 g
lll
n a resting place under tree L-36
]
v to sow (seeds), spread (things), scatter,
broadcast grain
- ag
]ll
n umbrella L-6 g
]l
n pupil - p
]ll4l
n student hostel - p
]ll
n scrutiny, close examination - p
]l
v to choose, select - p
]l
n official stamp, seal - p
]ll
n skin, leather, animal hides - g, ag
l]cl
adj fast L-9 g
l]H
n moment L-9 g
]l
n vacation, day off, break - g
] "l
v to separate - g

17

]l
n knife, dagger L-37 g
]]l
n vicinity, neighborhood, close at hand g
]lcl
adj short (length) L-8 g
]l
v to leave, quit, give up - g
"ll
adj intermingled, made of many things - g

n sparkle g

n mane, short stiff hair on an animals neck g
l
n land - ag

n jungle, forest L-34 g, ag
l
adv about, approximately L-26 g
4
n city in southern Nepal, also the name of a
zone
- p

n democracy, peoples rule - p
l
n people, the people - p
"l
n population - p
4l
n public health - p
l
suf suffix used for counting people L-3 g
l4
n animal L-25 g, ag

n animal L-25 g, ag

n birth g
l
n answer L-2 g
c
n gathering, meeting L-29 g, p
l
n land - ag
ll
n landowner, usually one who employs
tenant workers
- ag, p
l
adj total L-6 g
l
v to collect, gather L-37 g
l
adj important, urgent - g

n aquatic animals -
-l
n water resources -

18

ll
n watershed -
l""
adj full of water -
4l
n youth, young man - g
, l
adj like, similar to L-13 g
ll
adv whenever, at any time L-25 g
l
n test, exam, inspection - p, g
l
v to examine, test L-30 g
l l
v to attack g
lsl
adj cold (used only for weather) L-7 g
ll
adj good, well g
l
n magician an
l4ll
n information, knowledge - g
l
v to go L-1 g
l
v to know how, have a skill L-10 g
lll
adj Japanese L-10 g
ll4l
conj whereas L-32 g
l
adj apparent, manifest, noted, known,
obvious
- p
lll
n curiosity, inquest L-28 g
ll
n commodity, property - p
ll,
ll4ll
n responsibility, charge - p, g
ll
n district L-26 g, p
ll4l
n livelihood g
l4
n life L-25 g
l4-ll
n biology L-8 g, ag, p
l
adj impure (food) L-16 g
l
n shoe(s) L-1 g, h
l
adj whichever, any - g

19

l
n district in the Western part of Nepal L-16 g

n second month in the Nepali calendar L-17 g
l
phr in any case, anyway L-16 g
ls
n addition, sum; force, pressure; joint L-13 g
l
v to add, join L-15 g
l
v to plow - ag
ll
n name of a town in northwestern Nepal - g
l
n knowledge, wisdom - g
"l4c
n jacket L-23 g
"ll
adj in excess, too much - g
"ll
n day-laborer - p, ag
"lll
n astrologer an
Hsl
n quarrel, lawsuit - g, p
Hcc
adj fast, instantly, at once g
Hs
adv almost L-10 g
H-l
adv one day before, the day before yesterday L-9 g
H4
v to sparkle, glitter g
Hlsl
n bush L-34 g, ag
lH
v to take out L-37 g
lHcl
n brick tile - ag
Hsl
n cottage, hut h
Hl
adj false g
Hll
n bag L-1 g
Hl
n suspension bridge - ag, g
"l ~l
n jail - p
"l, !"#
n window L-1 g, h
cl4l
n head L-14 g
lc4c
n ticket, stamp L-7 g

20

lc4l
n Tikaa, auspicious mark (frequently red)
worn on the forehead
L-34 g, an
lc4l l
v to wear a Tikaa L-34 g, an
cl
n piece g
clc
n tourist L-16 g
c
n table L-1 g, h
cl
n Western-style hat L-3 h
cll
n Nepali hat, cap L-3 h
cl
n ward (of a city or big town), street, for
example Thamel Tol
- g
l
n place L-25 g
l
v to assume g
l
n place g
l4
adj right, okay, correct L-7 g
l
adj big L-8 g
l
n contract, lease - g, p
l
v to make certain - g
l
adj actual, solid - g
sl
v to call, summon, invite - g
s
adj one and a half (measurement) L-31 g
sl
n apartment L-7 g
,
n methods, manner, style - an, g
l
v to cover, conceal, hide g
ls
n backbone, spine g
ll
adj late, slow L-9 g
l
n stone, rock L-19 g
l4l
n door, gate L-1 g, h
]ls]ls
adj rush, jostle, keen competition -
4l
adv immediately, all at once - g
4ll
adj contemporaneous, of that time, then - g

21

l
conj and (formal, literary) L-31 g
"l,
n statistics, census - g, p
l
pron you (formal) L-1 g

conj but L-5 g
l
n Terai, the southern part of Nepal L-11 g, p
4ll
n vegetable(s) L-3 g

n side, towards - g

n salary L-36 g, p
l
n floor, level (i.e. first, second, etc) - g
l
n lake g

adv thus, therefore, on account of that - g

n layer, stratum, arrangement - g
l4
n strength, energy - g
ll4l
n reminder, pressure - g
ll
adj hot (for things) L-7 g
l
n loom - h
l
v to pull L-37 g
l
n heat L-24 g
l
v to bask, warm oneself g
ll
n bamboo shoot L-37 g, ag
l
n finished, accomplishment, completion - g
l
v to finish, complete, accomplish - g
ll~
n date (Western calendar) L-9 g
l
n lake, timing in music, rhythm L-10 g, ag
ll
n training L-17 g
ll
pron she (singular familiar) L-8 g
ll
pron you (familiar) - g
l
suf about (time), towards (direction) L-4 g

22

l~l
adj thirsty L-7 g
ll
n festival of brothers and sisters
(in November)
L-30 g, an
l
adj,
pron
those L-3 g

adv immediately L-21 g
ll
n frost L-13 g, ag

adj smart, bright L-25 g
l
conj although, even though, even so L-26 g
ll44l 4l
n duty, assigned work - g
l
v to depute, appoint, decide, allocate - g
l
n cannon - p
ll
n mustard - h, ag
l
n weight - g
"l
prep until then L-30 g
"l4l
adj that much, so much L-10 g
"4lH
adv therefore, for that reason L-5 g
"
adv that is why L-5 g
"l, "ll
adv there L-3 g
"l
adj,
pron
that L-1 g
ll4
adv quarterly - g
4l
n fatigue, exhaustion L-7 g

n addition, increment - g

adv quietly, calmly g

v to give more, add more L-26 g
s
n slap g
4 l
v to be trembling with fear g
l
v to be tired, be exhausted g
l
v to start, begin L-37 g

23

ll
n knowledge L-5 g
l
n kind of Nepali bag L-31 g
l4
n things, type, kind L-29 g
l=H
n south L-16 g
l
n number of a section (in a document) - g, p
"l
adj kind g
~l
n petition, application - p
l
n cupboard L-28 h, g
l
n entry (in office accounts or registers) - p
"
n view, vision, appearance - an, p, g
"
v to view, inspect, pay homage,
ceremonially visit
- an, p, g
"l
n bad condition, state, bad days g
"
n important Hindu festival, usually in
October
L-30 g, an, p
l
n yoghurt L-7 h
l
v to compare - g
l
n teeth L-14 g
l
n older brother L-2 g, an
ll
n firewood L-37 g, ag
l
n gift (religious), contribution - an
l
n price, money - g
l l
n daal and rice (Nepali meal) L-3 g, h
ll
n beard g
ll
n afternoon L-4 g
l
adj bored L-7 g
ll
n older sister L-2 g, an
l
n day L-5 g
l-l
adj, n daily L-12 g
l
v to give L-1 g

24

ll
n diarrhea L-7 g
:~
n pain, grief, suffering, trouble L-7 g
:~
adj painful, sad g

n milk L-3 h
l"l
n society, public, people, the world, subject - p

adj,
pron
both L-10 g
l
adj weak, thin (for people and animals) L-13 g

adj exact, accurate, correct - g
F
adj cruel, wicked, immoral g
~l
v to show L-18 g
~l
prep from L-1 g

v to see L-18 g
l
n Devi, a Hindu goddess L-34 g, an
"
n country L-8 g, p
l4
adv daily - g
lll
adj undecided, in a dilemma (literally: on
two edges)
g
l"l
v to repeat L-26 g
ll
prep by, through (the agency of) - g
l
interj oh no, whoops L-9 g
l
adj rich L-336 g, p
"l
n thank you L-13 g, p, an

n religion, duty, virtue, justice L-31 g, p, an
lH
v to possess, adopt -
ll
n water tap - ag, an, p
-
v to weep (bitterly) -

adj very, many L-7 g
l
adv usually, mostly L-14 g

n copy, imitation - g, p

25

l
adj artificial, counterfeit, not genuine, fake - g, p
"l
n map L-15 p, ag, g
l4
adj, adv close by, nearby - g
ll
n result, effect, consequence L-27 g
l
adj attached, file (of papers) threaded
together
- g
l
n river L-8 g, ag
l
n example, sample, model - p, g

adj politely g
"l
adj new L-6 g
ll
adj unpleasant L-5 g
ll
adj not good, bad L-2 g
l
n pipe, tube, tobacco pipe - ag, h
F
n destruction g
l4
n leader, chief, master, foreman - p
l4
n nose L-14 g
l
v to exceed, overcome, step over - p, g
l
v to dance L-12 g
ll
n term of affection (fem.), dear (for
youngsters)
L-39 g
l
n measurement - p, ag
ll, ll
n survey - p, ag
ll
n profit - p, ag
l
n name L-1 g
l"
n destruction, ruin, loss g
l4ll
ll
n export commodities - p
l4ll
n exports - p
l4l
v to be cured, be healed L-12 g
ll
v to come out L-30 g

26

l
pron self (himself, oneself, etc) - g
ll
n policy L-31 g, p
l"
adv always - g
lTl
adj sleepy L-7 g
l
adv one day after, the day after tomorrow - g
l ll~
adj the following - g
l"H
n control, restriction, limitation - p
l"H
v to control, restrict - p
l"
n rule, principle (as distinguished from
law)
- p
l"l
adj prescribed, assigned, regular - p
l"
adj appointed, designated - p
l"
v to appoint - p
l
adj near, close L-1 g
ll=4
n inspector, supervisor - p
ll=H
n inspection, supervision, observation - p
lH "
n decision - g, p
l "4
n director L-11 g, p
l "
n guidance, direction, supervision - p
ll
n election - p
llH
n construction - p, ag, g
llH
v to construct - p, ag, g
ll
adj blue L-3 g
l4
n request, application - g, p
l "
n sure knowledge, resolution,
determination
- g
ll
adj fixed, certain - g
ll
adj without doubt g

n salt L-2 g, h
l
v to bathe L-7 g

27

l
n leader - p
l4
n leadership - p
l4l
n service - p
ll
n loss, damage, harm - p, g, ag
"ll
adj warm L-13 g
"l"
n justice, law - p
"l"ll
n judge - p
4l
v to cook L-3 g, h
]ll
v to fall, be thrown down g
l]
prep after, later, afterwards L-4 g
-l "
"ll
n five year plan - p
l
n to teach L-5 g, p

v to read, study L-1 g, p
l l
v to investigate, find out g

n letter - g
l4l,
l4l
n newspaper, magazine - g, p
4l
n rank, title, honor - p
l
adv also L-2 g
l
n hand, glove (anything with five fingers) L-1 -
"
n abroad, a foreign country - p
4l
n care, concern - g
l"
n acquaintance, introduction - g
lHl
n result, outcome - g
l4
n change, alteration - g
l
n assembly, council, member of council - p
lll
n atmosphere, conditions, circumstances,
situation
- g

28

4l
n pigeon g, ag
l
n the day after tomorrow L-4 g
"
n domestic animal - ag
" -l
n animal husbandry - ag

n store, shop L-7 g
l
adj yellow L-3 g
l
v to be available L-6 g
l
n lesson L-2 g, p
ll
n kid (baby goat), sheep ag
l
n leaf L-3 g, ag
ll
n water L-3 g, ag
ll l
v to irrigate L-19 g, ag
l
n support, maintenance, respect, nurture - g
l
v to support, maintain, obey, follow,
respect, practice, nurture
- g
ll
n turn g
l
v to tame, domesticate, grow, raise ag
lls
n mountain L-8 g, ag
l
v to drink L-6 g
l]
suf each, every, individually - g
ll
n flour L-7 h
lp "
n back (of a person) -
l
n sadness, sorrow, worry L-7 g
ll
adj hot (spicy) L-2 g, h
l
n capital (money) - p
ll
n capitalism - p
l4l
n capitalist - p

v to wipe g
4
n dwarf -

29

:
adv again - g
ll
adj old L-6 g

n man, male - g
4
n book - g
4l"
n library - g
"
v to submit - g
4l , "4l
n advance (money) - g
l~l
n a city in western Nepal L-10 g
l
n last year - g
l
adv quarter to, 3/4 L-9 g
"ll
adj purple L-3 g
4l
n kind(s), sort(s) g
4ll"
adj published - g
4l
n nature - g
"l
adj famous - g, p
l
n progress - p, g
l
n publicity - p
l
n people p
l4"l
n reaction - g
lll
n representative - g
l"lll
n competition - g
l4l
n defense, reply (of a lawsuit), counter-
agreement
- g, p
l
n copy, number (of paper), towards (people
only)
- g
"4
adj each L-34 g
"
v to present, display - g
" l
n big fair, exhibition - g
"
v to display, exhibit - g
l
n act of giving (a gift or donation) - g

30

l
adj chief, prime, main - p
l l
n Prime Minister - p
l4
n influence, effect - g, p
l44ll
adj influential - g, p
~
adj chief, main - p
"
v to attempt, endeavor (formal) - g
"l
v to use - g
4
n speech, lecture - g
"l
v to praise, appreciate g
"
adj plenty, sufficient, abundant, more than
enough
- g
"ll4"
adj administrative - p
"l
n administration - p
l"=H
n practical education or training - p
ll
n questionnaire - p, ag, an
l
n extension (i.e. agricultural extension),
spreading
- g
l
n maternity hospital - g
l4
n proposal - p, g

v to present, show, exhibit, declare - g
l
n departure, going away - g

n question L-2 g
lHl
n living beings g
lHl l4l
n zoology L-3 g
ll4l
n priority - g
l
adj received, obtained, acquired - g
lll4
adj technical - p, ag
lll
n technician - p, ag
l"
adv often L-5 g
l"
adv frequently, generally L-5 g

31

l" l
adv usually L-5 g
-4ll
n love-talk g
4
v to return L-10 g
4l
v to send back, restore - g
"l4
adj wide L-8 g

n fruit L-6 g, h, ag
ll
n so and so, such and such (person or
things)
- g
l
n iron (metal) L-37 g
lc
n section, division, a wide open space of
land (usually cultivated)
- g
l
n eleventh month of the Nepali calendar L-17 g
l
v to brush off, throw g
l4l
adj light (color) L-3 g
ll
n return, refund - g
l
adj independent, free - p, g
,
adj little, tiny (boy or girl) g
cl
v to break, smash, cause dissention - g
,
n free time, leisure L-21 g

n egg g h, g, ag
l
v to lay an egg L-37 ag

v to bloom g, ag
l
adv again L-26 g
l, ll
adj dirty L-8 g
~
n time - g
l
n pocket g, h
l
v (tr.) to ring (a bell), play musical instrument,
cause others to quarrel
L-9 g
l
n bazaar, market L-6 g

n budget - p

32


v to strike, ring L-9 g
c
v to collect, gather - g
l
n pack L-6 g
l
v to sweep h
l
adj excess, more than enough or needed - g
4l
n promotion - p
l
adj more, excess - g
l
n replacement - p
l
v to replace - p

n forest L-33 g, ag
l l4l
n battery L-8 g, p
l
v to make L-3 g

v to close L-1 g
l
n arrangements, management - p
ll
prep
phrase
in accordance with - g
"
n type of berry ag
"l
n account, description, explanation - p, g
l
adj regular, equal - g, p

n social class - p
l "
n class organization - p

n year L-4 g
l, l
n monsoon L-29 g, ag
-
adv by hook or by crook, at last, finally g

n bus L-11 g

n domestic animals, goods, objects - g, ag

v to sit L-1 g
4l
v to mislead, tempt, beguile g
ll
n younger sister L-2 g, an

33

l4l
n remaining, left over L-9 g
lHl
adj uncultivated, fallow, barren
l
n dam - ag
ll
v to be tied g
l
n bamboo - ag, h
l
n father L-2 g, an
lwl
n goat (in general) ag
lwl
n she-goat - ag, h
lc
prep from L-6 g
lcl
n road, trail, path, way L-11 g
l
v to distribute - p
ll
n habit - g, an
l
prep for, in place of, instead of - g
ll
interj wow L-9 g
l
n fence - g, h, ag
l
n Childrens Organization - p
ll
n name of an area in Kathmandu L-35 g
ll
n crops, harvest - ag
l4
n fact, actually - g, p
l4l
phrase in fact g, p
ll44
adj factual, actual - g, p
ll
prep outside L-8 g
l
n seed ag
l4l
adj developed - p
l4l
n development - p
l4lT4H
n decentralization - p
ll
n sale - g
ll 4
n sales tax - p

34

ll
v to be broken, not functioning L-11 g
ll
n unit of land measurement, 5/8 acre - ag
ll
adj poor, unfortunate - g
ll
n thought, opinion L-3 g
ll
v to think L-3 g
ll
n science L-5 p
l4l
adj past (time, events) - g
ll
n education, learning - p
ll
n student L-2 g, p
l ll
n Power Department - p
l4l
n widow an
ll
n request, urge - g
lH
n detailed description, procedure - g
ll
n argument, dispute - g
ll
n department - p
ll
n allocation, division - p
l"l
n tragedy g
l
adj opposed, against - p
l4l
n seedling - ag
l4l
n plant L-24 g, ag
ll
n opposition, contest, protest - p
lll
adj antagonistic, hostile, opposed - p
l
v to forget L-11 g
l 4l4l"
n university L-23 g
l 4l"l
adj faithful, sure, reliable - g
l 4l
n confidence, faith, trust, belief - g, an
ll l
v to convince - g, an
ll
n morning L-4 g

35

lll
n Thursday - g
Hl
v to explain - g

v to understand L-24 g
l
n Wednesday L-8 g
ll
n daughter-in-law, younger brother's wife an
l
n profession, occupation - p
l
n growth - g
l
n insult g

v to sell L-37 g

adj meaningless - g, p
l4l
n inopportune time, untimely - an, g
lll
adv
phrase
description in all its details p
4l
n evening L-4 g

adj fine, good - g
l
adv excessively, amply - g
4
n meeting - p
l"
n frustration, depression -
lc
n plant, tree - ag
ll
n circular - p
ll
n sack - g
l
v to speak - g
"l
n individual (person) - g
"l
n administration, arrangement,
management, authorization
- p
"l
n use, manner, treatment, practice - p
"ll4
adj practical, in common use, routine - p
"ll, ll
n points, details, body of writing - p
"l
n interest (financial) - p
"ll
n trade, occupation, business - g, p

36

"l
adj full, widespread, extensive, pervasive g
4l
n God - an, g
l
n allowance (i.e. for travel) - p
l
n fifth month in Nepali calendar L-17 g

v to tell, say L-1 g
l"
n future - g, p, an
",
adj fearful, dreadful, ferocious g
"l4
adj terrible L-36 g

adj later on, afterwards - g

v to fill - g
l
adj good, fine - g
4l"
adv sincerely - g, p
4
n building - g
4 ll
n Building Department - p
lsl
n utensil (general) L-31 g
l
n younger brother L-2 g, an
l
n part, section L-2 g, an
lsl
n rent, hire - g
l]l
n kitchen L-15 g, h
ll
n sisters son an
ll, l
n load, burden g, ag
l
n bear g
l
n male (for animals) - ag
l4l
n attitude, way of thinking or feeling - p, an
lH
n speech, lecture - g, p
ll
n language L-4 g
ll l"ll
n language school - g, p
l
prep inside L-8 g

37

4c
n pineapple L-6 g, h
l
n geography L-5 g, p
l
n fur g
l l
n land reform - p, ag
4 l4

n Ex-Soldiers Organization - p

n meeting, visit, interview - p

v to meet L-1 g
sl
n sheep ag

v to pierce, make a hole in; bewitch g
l4
adj hungry L-7 g
l4l
n famine - p, ag, an
l
n party L-7 g
ll
adv tomorrow L-4 g
ll4 "l
n physics L-8 g
-"ll
n frog -
H
n tour, field trip - p, ag

pron I L-1 g

n purpose - g

n joy, happiness; Mars - g
4l
n Tuesday - g
l
n eighth month of the Nepali calendar L-17 g
l
n kerosene - h, g
s
n group or bunch of people, orbit,
congregation
an

n aim, intention, meaning - g

v to help L-34 g
" 4
n middle-class - p

n mind L-5 g

38


v to like L-5 g
l
v to feel like L-5 g
l"
n intention, desire g
l, ll
n ban, prohibition - g, p
l
v to celebrate L-36 g
l
n entertainment - g
l"
n Ministry - p
l
n Minister - p
l
n temple L-17 g, an

n repair(s) - g

v to repair L-36 g

n manure ag
"
adj miscellaneous - g
l
n last day of the month - g
l
n ink - g
ll
n draft (of a paper) - g
l
adj expensive L-10 g
4
n importance, value - g
4H
adj important - g
"
n tax, rent, duty, excise, fee - p

n realization, feeling - g

v to realize - g
l"
n continent L-8 g, p
ll
n month L-10 g
ll
n Womens Organization - g, p
l"
n sir, gentleman - g, p, an
l
prep in, on, at L-1 g
l
n mothers brothers wife L-2 an

39

lc 4
n minute book (of meetings) - p
l
n demand - g
l
v to ask, demand, beg L-27 g
l
n tenth month in the Nepali calendar L-17 g
l]l
n fish L-35 g, h
l]l l~l
n fish pond - ag
lH
n middle L-31 g
lcl
n soil L-20 g, ag
l
adj only L-6 g
l4 l
n intoxicating substance - g
l
n respect, rank - g
l4 "l
n anthropology L-8 g, an, p
ll
n name of a lake in Tibet L-22 g
ll
n person L-3 g
l]
n person L-3 g
l
v to agree, obey, respect, follow or practice
(a religion)
L-36 g
l
v to excuse, pardon L-10 g
ll
n mothers brother L-2 g, an
l"l
v to love L-36 g
l
n avenue, road - g
l
v to kill L-36 g
l
prep care of, through, via - g
l
n goods, freight L-26 g
l l
n Revenue Office - p
l
n meat L-6 h
ll
adj tasty L-2 g
ll
n date (general) L-9 g
ll
n friendship L-31 g

40

ll
adj friendly L-8 g
ll
v to bring together, join, adjust, reconcile,
fix
- g
ll
v to mix L-16 g
ll
n mechanic, wood worker, mason - ag, p, g
ll
v to work hard L-25 g
lll
adj diligent L-25 g
ll
n name of a religious site in western Nepal L-22 g
~
n mouth, face L-14 g
~l"l
n headman of a village, patriarch, senior
clerk
- p, ag
l
adj wrinkled g
l
n handful, palm g
ll4
adj in accordance with - g
l
n court-case, law-suit -
ll
n profit - g
~
adj stupid g

n statue L-20 g
4
n country, state - p
4l
n national laws, legal code - p
"
n value, worth, price - g
"l\
n evaluation - g
l4
adj difficult L-23 g
l
n a district in northern Nepal L-16 g

n elements, rudiments - g

n deer g

n chair L-1 g, h

n agreement, accord - g
l
n open field - g
ll
n socks L-1 g, h

41

lcl
adj fat, healthy L-13 g
ll
n pearl g
l
n price, cost - g
ll
n tenant or sharecropper - g, p
l4l
n chance, opportunity, occasion - g
l
n weather L-17 g
"l
n due date, time limit - g
"l
conj if L-18 g
"4lH
adv for this reason, so L-5 g
"
adv this is why L-5 g
"l, "ll
adv here L-3 g
"l4
n yak L-6 g
"ll"l
n transportation - g
"l
v to memorize, remember L-26 g
"ll
adj here (also very polite for you) L-22 g
l"
pron these L-3 g
"l
pron this L-1 g
"l ll
pron this one L-3 g
"l"l
n qualification - g
"ll
n written plan, project - g

conj and L-2 g
4
n sum, amount, kind, sort, item - g
=l
n protection g
l
n rakshi, alcohol, hard liquor L-10 g, h
l l
v to be drunk L-16 g

n color L-3 g
l-l
adj multicolored L-3 g
l4
n name of a park in Kathmandu L-36 g

42

ll
adj pleasant L-5 g
l" "l
n chemistry L-8 g, p
l
n receipt - g

v to be found, remain L-22 g

n desire L-29 g
l
v to put, keep L-3 g
l
n ambassador - p
lll
n capital L-17 g, p
lll
n politics - p
lll "l
n political science L-8 g, p
ll4
adj political - p
ll
n night L-4 g
ll
n red L-3 g
ll
adj good, beautiful L-2 g
l"
n opinion, idea - g
ll
n president - p
ll"
adj national L-18 g, p
l l
n vacancy (place) - g
ll
adj vacant - g
~
n tree L-25 g, ag
l
n cold (sickness) L-7 g

v to cry L-36 g

n form, appearance, shape - g
l"l
n rupee (primary unit of currency in Nepal) L-5 g

particle used at the end of a phrase or sentence
when information is second hand or
reported
- g
~ ~
v to supervise, look after - g
ls"l
n radio L-18 g

43

l
n disease L-31 g
lcl
n bread L-34 g, h
lc l
n ferris wheel L-34 g
ll
n land measurement common in the hills - ag

interj well, okay L-9 g
"
n aim, target, goal - g
~l
n millionaire - g, p

n cost, price - g
l
v to wear, put on (clothes); grow grain L-19 g, h

v to take with L-27 g
ll
prep for L-12 g
l
v to apply, implement - g
l
v to feel like, assume L-7 g
l
n gain, advantage, profit - g
ll
adj long L-8 g
ll~
adj written - g
l
n gender - g, an
l l
n long rope swing tied to four bamboo
trees
- g
l
v to take L-5 g
~4
n writer, author - g

v to write L-1 g, p
l
v to bring with, carry away L-27 g
l4
n people, world, planet, universe g, p
l44l
n public service - p
ll
adj greedy L-37 g
l
interj well, okay L-9 g
"l
v to bring L-26 g
4cl
suf used for counting inanimate objects L-3 g

44

4sl
v to sweep L-24 g
4l
pron s/he (formal) L-1 g
"4l
n doubt, suspicion - g
"l
n Saturn (planet) -
"ll
n Saturday - -
"l~l
n branch (of a Department or Ministry) - p
"ll
n peace - g
"ll 4l
n Peace Corps - g
l"=4
n teacher L-17 g, p
l"l=
adj educated L-21 g, p
"lV
adv at once, immediately, soon - g
"
n Venus (planet) -
"l
n Friday - -
"
adj clear, pure, correct - g
"
adj good, auspicious L-22 g

n labor, toil - g
l
n voluntary labor - g, p
ll
n Mrs, wife - g
ll
n Mr, husband - g
4c4ll
n emergency L-33 g
4
n sign, code, gesture, hint, symbol - g
"l
n numbers L-1 g

prep with L-3 g

n organization - p
l4
n director, conductor - p, g
l4 ll
n directing council, executive committee - p
l
n use, direction - g
l
v to direct, conduct, execute - g

45


adj fine, well, good L-4 g
"
adj combined, united, joined - g
" l
n United Nations - p
l
n world L-8 g
4l
n culture L-29 g, p, an
l
n institution, organization - p
l4
v to be finished L-37 g

v to be able, can L-9 g
l
v to help, assist g, p
l
n music L-18 g
l
n secretary - g
l
v to be decorated g
ll
adj easy, simple L-7 g
ll
prep instead of L-37 g
s4
n road L-6 g
s4ll
n Department of Roads - p
"l
n reality, truth - g

n capital, place of control; approval,
sanction
- p
4l
n headquarters - p
"
n member - p
"l
n membership - p

adv always L-5 g
ll
n Saturday L-9 g
l, l
n satisfied, satisfaction g
~
prep face to face - g
l
adj clean L-8 g
l
n quarter L-9 g

n early morning, dawn L-37 g

46


adj all L-7 g
"
n time L-12 g

adj powerful, capable, able - g

n support, corroboration, ratification - g
"l
n problem - g
l l
n sociology L-8 g, p
l
v to catch, grab, hold L-36 g
ll
n council, committee - p
l
n community - p
l"l4
adj community - p

adv including, together - g
Hl
v to remind, counsel, convince L-36 g, p
l
n wealth, property g

adj completed, accomplished, well-off (i.e. a
family)
- g
4
n contact, relationship - g
H
adj complete, all, whole - g
l
adj the concerned - g
l
n concerning, related to - g
ll4
adj probable - g

prep up to, up until L-1 g
l
n approval - g

n meeting, conference - p
l
n correction, amendment, revision - g
"
n hundred L-3 g

adv without asking permission g
l
adj without stopping g
4l
adj transferred, contagious - p
4l
n government L-22 g, p

47


v to transfer, shift, move (to a new house) - g
=H
n supervision, survey, inspection - p
l
n matches (to light a fire) - g, h
l
n advice L-36 g
l
adj cheap L-10 g
l ,
l
v to help, assist L-34 g, p
l"
adj bearable g
"l
n cooperation, assistance L-34 g, p

n city L-8
ll
adj narrow L-8 g
lH
n evening L-4 g
l4l4
adj cultural - an, p
l4
n bicycle g
l
n fourth month in the Nepali calendar L-17 g
l=l
adj literate L-21 g, p
l ll
n vegetable garden - ag
l
n half, half past (time) L-9 g
ll
n friend L-2 g
l
n resources, aids, means, equipment - g
llH
adj ordinary, simple - g
ll
adj little, small L-8 g
l"
n power, strength, ability, vigor - g
l
prep in front g
ll4
adj collective, group - p
l"l
n communism - p
l"
adv perhaps L-12 g
ll
adj all g

48

l l4
adj public - p
l
n breath L-25 g
l
v to breathe L-25 g
ll
n shopkeeper (male) L-5 g
ll
n shopkeeper (female) L-6 g
l
n sir L-12 g
l
adj very L-33 g
l4
n carpenter - g
l4l
v to teach L-1 g
l
v to learn L-1 g
l=l
n education L-10 g, p
ll
n irrigation - ag
ll
n sitaar (a musical string instrument) - g
l
n dew L-13 g
ll
adj straight, fair - g
ll
n principles, doctrines, ideology - g
ll
v to be finished L-13 g
ll
n cinema, movie, film L-10 g
l
n skill - p
ll
adj skilled, skillful - g
lll
n recommendation - g
ll
adj limited - g
ll
n sewing, needlework L-26 g
ll
n glass, lead (material) - g

n injection - g
4ll
n person without land, homeless - ag, p
l
n Friday L-9 g
~l
adj happy g

49

, l
adj neat, clean L-25 g
l
n information, notice - g
l lcl
n notice board L-12 g

v to sleep L-2 g

adj correct L-24 g
l
n improvement, reform - g, p
l
v to improve, reform, correct L-33 g, p

n gold L-37 g
l
n orange (fruit) L-2 g, h

v to listen, hear L-4 g
ll
n convenience, comfort, facility - g
l
n highest rank of civil officer, also a
respectable term of address
- p

v to start, begin L-13 g
-
adv immediately, without stopping - g
l
adj informed - g
l
v to inform - g
l , l
n catalog, index - g
Hl , Hl
n suggestion - g
l
adj white L-4 g
l
n army, corps - g, p
"
n share (i.e. financial), partnership - g, p
lcl
n a donut-like bread L-34 h
4l
n service - g, p
l
v to think L-37 g
lHl
adj straight, fair, honest - g
l
v to ask L-2 g
ll
n Monday L-9 g
ll
adj same - g

50


n level, standard L-34 g
l
n place, position - g
ll"
adj local - g
ll
n situation, conditions, circumstances - g
F
adj clear, plain, evident - g
"l
n apple L-2 g, h
Hl
n account book, book keeping - g, p
Hl
n source - g
4"
n native country, homeland - g, p
4"l
n native (for a country) - g, p
4l4
n nature, disposition L-25 g
4"l
n largest Buddhist temple in the world,
located in Kathmandu
- g, p
4
n heaven - g, an
4l
n taste - g
4lll
adj tasty L-34 g
4lll44
adj natural, inherent - g
4l
n self-interest - g
4l
adj selfish - g
4l, 4l"
n health L-24 g
l
n thousand L-3 g

adv yes please (formal), excuse me L-1 g
l
n grandmother L-2 g, an
l
n grandfather L-2 g, an
l
interj oh no, whoops L-9 g
l"l
adj green L-3 g

suf used to make nouns plural L-3 g
4
adj every L-34 g
l
n noise L-18 g

51


4ll
n airplane L-4 g
, 4
adv okay (polite affirmative) L-6 g
ll
n branch g
l
v to drive L-21 g
ls
n bone g
ll
n elephant L-10 g
ll
pron we L-4 g
l
n condition g
l
v to set, place, put into L-23 g
l4l
n wind, air L-24 g
l
v to laugh L-36 g
l
n snow L-13 g
ll
n yesterday L-4 g
ll
adj nowadays L-5 g
ls
adv by foot (walking) L-16 g
ll
n Hindi language L-10 g
l
adj, n Hindu L-17 g
ll
n diamond g
ll
n, adj mud, muddy L-23 g, ag
ll
n math, account, sum L-5 g, p

v to be L-5 g
l4l
n postman L-31 g

v to look, watch L-3 g
ll
adj short (height) L-8 g
ll
adv maybe L-5 g

52

53
English - Nepali Glossary

English part Nepali subject

abandon v
]l( , "l
g
able (to be) v
4
g
about prep
4l ll
g
above prep
ll, l
g
above (said) adj
l
g
absolutely adv
4, l4 , H
g
accept v
l , l44l
g
accomplish v
H , l
g
accomplished (successful) adj
, "l", lH, l7
g
according (to) v
l , ll, ll4
g
account (description) n
"l
g
account (financial) n
ll
g
account-book n
l , l
g
acknowledge v
l , l44l , lBl, l l
g
act n
4l" , 4l
g
act (law) n

g, p
acting adj
4l"-4l" , 4l" 4ll
g
actions n
4lll, 4l 4l" , ll"
g
activities n
,
g
actual adj
~l, l
g
actually adv
~l
g
add v
l( ,
g
addition n
ls,
g
additional adj
ll, l4l
g
adjust v
ll
g
administration n
"4l, "l
p, g
administrative adj
"l4l"
p

54

admit v
l , l , l44l
g
admit in v
l
g
advance (of money) n
4l , l
g
advantage n
l, ll
g
adversary n
lll
g
advertisement n
l4l
g
advice n
l
g
advise v
l l
g
aerogram n
4l
g
after prep
l]
g
afternoon n
ll
g
again adv
l ,
g
against (opposed) prep
l, l4=
g
ago adj
l, l
g
agree v
l
g
agreement n
,
g
agriculture n
4l
g, ag
aim n
", "
g
air n
l4l
g
airplane n
4ll
g
alcohol (liquor) n
4l
g, h
all adj
, ll
g
allocate v
l4 , l
g
almost adv
H"s
g
alone adj
4
g
also adv
l
g
although conj
l
g
always adv
, l"
g

55

amaze v
" l , l
g
ambassador n
l
p
amendment n
"l
p
amount n
4, l, l c
g
and conj
, l
g
animal (domestic) n
"
ag, g
animal (wild) n
, l4
ag, g
animal husbandry n
" l
ag, g
another adj
4l
g
answer n
l,
g
anthropology n
l4 "l, l4l , l4l
g, an
any adj
l , 4
g
anyway adv
l
g
apart adj

g
apartment n
sl
g, h
apparent adj
c, "=
g
appearance n
, 4l, l
g
apple n
"l
g, h
application (put into use) n
"l, "ll "l
g
application (request) n
l4
g
appoint v
~cl , l4 , l"l
g
appointed adj
~cl4l, l4l4l
g
appropriate adj
" , ll , l
g
approval n
l , l , 4l4l
g
approximately adv
ll, l, , ll
g
arch, archway n

g
area n
l4l, =
g
arena n
~sl, 4l" =, Hl
g

56

argument n
ll,
g
army n
l , l4
g, p
arrange v
ll , l4 l4 l
g
arrangement/s n
l, "4l,
g
arrive v
,
g
artificial adj
1l, l4cl, 4l
g
ash n
~ll
g
ask v
l , l
g
ask (for) v
l
g
assembly n
l, l"
p
assistance n
l, l"l, "l
g
assistant n
l"4, "ll
g
assume v
l , lH
g
astrologer n
"lll
an
at prep
l
g
atmosphere n
lll, llH, 4l" "s
g
attach v
l , l( , l-
g
attack v
l l , H , l
g
attempt (formal) n
" , 4ll""
g
auspicious adj
" , 7, ll, " -
g
authority n
l4l, ll4l, 4
p
authorization n
l4l
g
available adj
, , l"
g
available (be available) v
l
g
back (of a person) n
Tls, l " ,
g
bad adj
~l, 4
g
bag n
Hll, l
g
bamboo n
l
g, ag

57

bamboo shoot n
ll
g, ag
ban n
ll, l, l
g, p
banana n
4l
g, h
barren adj
lHl
ag
base, basis n
l, ,
g
bask v
l , 4
g
bathe v
l
g
bazaar n
l
g
be v

g
bear n
l
g
bearable adj
l", "l"
g
beard n
ll, lTl
g
beautiful adj
ll, , l4, l
g
because conj
l4, l4l4
g
bedroom n
4ll
g, h
before prep
l, l, l
g
beg v
l
g
begin v
" , l
g
beginning n
, " , ll
g
behavior n
l, "4l
g
belief n
l4 4l"
g
bell n
"cl
g
beside prep
l4 , l, l
g
besides adj
l4 , ll
g
bicycle n
l4
g
big adj
l , "l4
g
biology n
l-ll, l4l
g, p
black adj
4ll
g

58

black market n
4ll l
p
bloom v

g
blue adj
ll
g
boil v
l
g
bone n
ls
g
book n
l4l, 4
g
boredom n
l1
g
botany n
l ll
g
both adj

g
branch (of a Ministry,
Department or bank)
n
"l~l, ll
p
branch (of a tree) n
ll
g
bread n
lcl
g, h
break v
l
g
break (shatter) v
cl
g
break (time off) n
ll
g
breath n
l
g
breathe v
l
g
bring v
"l
g
bring (away) v
l l , l
g
broadcast (media) v
lH
p
broken (to not function) v
ll
g
broom n
4l
h
brother (older) n
l, l
g, an
brother (younger) n
l
g, an
brown adj
~l
g
budget n
, """4l ll
g, p
building n
4
g
Building Department n
4 l4l
p

59

bus n

g
bush n
Hlsl
g, ag
business (trade) n
"ll, 4l4l, "4l"
g
busy adj
"
g
but conj

g
buy v
l4
g
by (through the agency of) prep
ll
g
cage n
~l
g
call v
ll , sl4
g
can (be able) v
4
g
capable adj
, "l", l"4
g
capital (city) n
lll
g, p
capital (economic) n
l ,
p
capital sum (as opposed to
interest)
n
l, l
p
capitalism n
ll
p
capitalist n
l4l , ll , l
p
car n
lls, lc
g
care n
4l,
g
carpenter n
l4
g
carpet n
l
h
case (legal) n
l , Hsl, ~l
p
catch v
l
g
cattle n
l 4
p, ag
celebrate v
l
g, an
cement n
lc
g
center n
4 , l
g
central adj
4l"
g
certain adj
ll , 1l
g

60

certainly adv
4", l "
g
certificate n
lH
g
chair n

g, h
chairman n
"=, ll
p
chance n
4l, 4
g
change n
l4
g
chat v

g
cheap adj
l
g
cheese n
l
h
chemistry n
l" "l
g
chicken n
4~l
h, ag, g
chief n
l4 , ~ , l
p
chief adj
l, "
p
children n
4cl4cl
g, an
choice n
]l, ll
g
choose v
]l , l
g
cigarette n
lc
g, h
cinema n
ll
g
circumstances n
lll, l, l
g
city n
"
g
clash n
c1, l4l
g
class (school) n
4=l
g
class (set) n
l4l
g
class (social) n
4
g
clean adj
l
g
clear adj
" , c
g
clerk n
ll
g
clever adj
l~
g

61

cliff n
l
g
climb v

g
close v

g
close adj
l, l4
g
cloud n
l
g
coat n
4lc
g
code (legal) n
- , 4l l4l
g
coffee n
4l
g, h
cold (sickness) n
, l
g
cold (things) adj
ll
g
cold (weather) adj
lsl
g
collect v
c , 4 , l
g
color n
7
g
combine v
ll , ll
g
come v

g
come out v
ll4
g
comfortable adj
l4l , l
g
commentary n
4, l=l, cl4l-lc Hl
p, g
committee n
ll
p
communal adj
lll"4
g, ag
communism n
l"4l
p
community n
l" , l
p, an
compare v
l , l
g
comparison n
l , l
g
competition n
l"lll, ll, ls
g
complaint n
, l
g
complete adj
H , H , l
g
completed adj

g

62

comply v
l ,
g
concerning prep
l, l
g
condition n
l, lll, ll, 4l
g
conduct n
l, l , l
g
conduct v
l
g
confidence n
l4 4l,Tl, "l, ll
g
connection n

g
constituency n
l4l =, ll "s
p
construction n
llH
g
consult v
l l , l
g
contemporary adj
4ll, 4 "4l
g
continent n
l"
g, p
contract n
1l
g, p
control n
4l, l"H
g, p
control v
4ll l
g, p
convenience n
4 , ll
g
convenient n
l, ll4
g
convince v
l , cl , Hl
g
cook v
4l
g, h
cooked (to be) v
l4
g
cooperation n
"lll, 4lll, ll
g, p
cooperative n
4ll, "ll, lHl
p, ag
copy n
1, l
g
copybook n
4ll
g
corn n
4
ag
correct adj
" , l4
g
correct v
l , "l
g
correction n
"l , l
g

63

cost v
~ , l
g
cottage industry n
l
p
cottage, shack n
Hsl , Hl
h
cough n
~l4l
g
council n
l, ll
p
counsel v
l l , l" l
g
count v

g
country n
" , 4
g, p
court (law) n
l
g, p
courtyard n

g
cow-shed n
l
ag
crab n
7cl
g
creditor n
l , lHll
p
crop n
l, l,
ag
crops n
ll
ag
cruel adj
c , l "l,
g
cry v

g
cultivated property n
~ -ll
ag
cultivation n
~l -ll
ag
cultural adj
l4l4
g, p, an
culture n
4l , lll4l
g, p, an
cupboard n
l
h
cured (to be) n
l4l , l4
g, an
curiosity n
lll
g
custom n
, lll4l
g, an
cut v
4l
g
daily adv
ll
g
daily adj
l4
-

64

dam n
l
g, ag
damage n
~l, l4l
g
dance v
l
g
danger n
]l
g. h
dangerous adj
"l4, ~ll4
g
dark n
"ll , 4l
g
dark (color) adj
lsl
g
date (general or official
correspondence)
n
ll
g
date (Nepali calendar) n

g
date (Western calendar) n
ll~
g
daughter-in-law n
ll
an
day n
l
g
day after tomorrow adv

g
day before yesterday adv
l
g
day-laborer n
"ll, ~ll
g, ag, p
dear n
l", "ll
g
debt n
4l, lH
g, p
debtor n
ll, lHl
g, p
decentralization n
l44l4H
p
decide v
l4 , l " , lH "
g
decision n
lH ", l "
g
declare v
lHl
g
decorate v
l , l , 4
g
decrease v
, cl
g
deep adj
ll
g
deer n

g
demand v
l , l
g
demand n
l
g

65

democracy n
l, l4
p
department n
l4l
p
Department (of a Ministry) n
l4l
p
departure n
l, ll
g
depute v
~cl
g
description n
"l, l4H
g
desire n
]l, , l"
g
destruction n
l", c
g
details n
l44H
g
developed adj
l44l
g, p, ag
development n
l44l
g, p, ag
diamond n
ll
g
diarrhea n
ll
g
die v

g
difference n
, 4, l l
g
difficult adj
ll, l4
g
dig v
~
g
diligent adj
ll , ll
g
direct v
l
g
director n
l "4, l4
g, p
dirty adj
l, l
g
discipline n
"l , l" l, "
g
disease n
l
g
dismiss v
~l , "
g
dispatch (mail) n
ll
g
display v
l"
g
dispute n
ll,
g
dissent n
c , l4l
g

66

distribute v
l( , lH
g
district n
ll
g, p
divide v
l
g
division n
l, l4l
g
doctrine n
ll
g
domesticate v
l l
ag
donation n
l
p, an
doubt n
"4l
g
draft (of a paper or budget) n
l
p, g
drink v
l
g
drive v
l , l4
g
dropped (to be) v
~
g
drought n
l4l c , ~sl
ag
dry adj
ll, ~l
g
duty n
4 "
g
duty (tax) n
" , 4
p
each adj
4 , 4
g
ear n
4l
g
early adj
ls
g
earn v
4l
g
east n
4
g
easy adj
ll
g
eat v
~l
g
economics n
"l
g, p
education n
l"=l
g, p
effect n
l4,
g
effort n
4ll"", "
g
egg n

h, g

67

elect v
, ]l
p
election n
l4l, l4
p
elephant n
ll
g
emerge v
ll4 , 4c
g
emergency n
c4ll , 4ll
g
employee n
4 ll, l"ll
g
employment n
ll, l"l
g
empty adj
~ll, ll
g
energy n
l , "l
g
engineer n
ll"
ag, g
English adj
l
g
enlarge v
Tl
g
enough n
"l , "l , ", 4ll
g
entertainment n
l l, l
g
entitlement (to land) n
4
ag, p
entry (in an official
account)
n
l
g, p
equal adj
l, l
g
equipment n
ll, l
g
especially adv
~ll
g
essential adj
4"4, l
g
establish v
4l" , ll
g
estimate n
l , cc , l
g
estimated adj
ll
g
etcetera conj
"ll
g
evaluation n
"l
g
evening n
lH
g
every adj
4 , 4
g
evident adj
c, "=
g

68

exact adj
, l4
g
exam n
l, l=l
g
examine v
l , l=H
g
example n
l , lH
g
exceed v
l , sl4
g
excellent adj
4 ll, 4"
g
excess n
Tl
g
excessive adj
l4, "ll4
g
excuse v
l , =l
g
exhibit v
"
g
exhibition n
" l
g
expense n
~
g
expensive adj
7l
g
experience n
4 , l4ll, l
g
expert n
l4"
g, p
explain v
Hl , "l , "l "l
g
explanation n
"l, "l"l
g
export v
l4ll , l"l
g, p
extensive adj
l , "l4
g
extremely adv
"ll4, l
g
eye n
~l , , l
g
face to face phr
~ , ~l~
g
fact n
4l4, "
g
factory n
4l~ll
g
factual adj
4ll44
g
fair n
" l, l , ll"4
g
fair adj
4 ], ll
g
faith n
l4 4l", l l
g

69

faithful adj
l4 4ll", l 4ll, l
g
fall v
, H , ~
g
fallow adj
lHl
ag
false adj
Hl
g
famine n
l4l, l4l
g, ag
famous adj
"l
g
farmer n
~l4l , l4l
ag
fast adj
l]cl, Hcc
g
fast v
4l ,
an
fat adj
lcl
g
fat n
ll
g, h
father n
l, l , 4l , ll
g, an
fatigue n
4l, 4l4c
g
favorable adj
4 , l4l4 , l4ll
g
fearful adj
", sll
g
fee n
" ,
g
feel (to) v
l , ] , " , l ,
g
feel like v
l
g
feeling n
l4l, l4l
g
fence n
l
g
fertilizer n

ag
field (irrigated) n
~
ag
field-trip n
H
g
fill v

g
final adj
l, l~l
g
financial adj
"-"" l, l 4
g, p
financier n
ll , l-"4l4
p
find v
l
g

70

fine adj
, ll, "= , l4ll
g
finished adj
lB, l
g
finished (to be) v
~ , l4 , ll
g
firewood n
ll
g, h, ag
fish n
l]l
g, ag, h
fish-pond n
l]l l~l
ag
floor (first, second, etc) n
l
g
flour n
ll
g, h
flower n

g, ag
follow v
l , l
g
food n
~ll, ~l 4l
g, h
for prep
ll, 4l
g
forbid v
ll , l
g
foreign country n
" , l4"
p, g
foreigner n
l4"l , "l
g, p
foreman n
l4
g
forest n
4, 7
g, ag
forget v
l
g
fork n
4lcl
g, h
form n
, 4l , 4l, l
g
formerly adv
l , lls
g
found (to be) v
, l
g
free adj
1l , 4, 4ll
g
frequently adv
ll, 4
g
Friday n
"l
g
friend n
ll, l, l
g
friendly adv
ll
g
friendship n
ll
g

71

frog n
-"ll
g
from prep
lc, l~
g
frost n
ll
g, ag
fruit n

g, ag, h
frustration n
l "
g
full adj
l, c
g
function v
l , 4l" l ,
g
funny adj
l4l, l4
g
furthermore adv
, H ,
g
future n
l4"
g
game n
~
g
gap n
, ~ll
g
gate n
Tl4l
g
gather v
l , c
g
gathering (of people) n
c, l
g, p
gender n
l7
g
gentle adj
ll
g
gentleman n
ll ll
g
geography n
l
g, p
germinate v
l , cl , 4H
g, ag
gesture n
4
g
get v
l
g
gift n
l, l, cl , 4l"l
g, an
give v
l
g
give up v
]l( , "l
g
glass n
l""l
g
go v
l
g
goal n
" , "
g

72

goat (castrated) n
~l
g, ag
goat (female) n
ll
g, ag
goat (uncastrated) n
l4l
g, ag
god n
4l, 4
g, an
god (family) n
44l
an
goddess n
4l
g, an
gold n

g
good adj
ll, , l, ll
g
good (health) adj

g
goods n
l, lll, ll
g
government n
4l
g, p
grab v
l ,
g
grain n
l,
ag
grandfather n
l , l
g, an
grandmother n
l , "
g, an
grant n
l , 4l
g
grass n
l
g, ag
graze v
l
g, ag
great adj
l , l, l4"l
g
greedy adj
ll
g
green adj
l"l
g
grey adj
4l
g
grow (intransitive) v

g
grow (plants) v
l , l ,
g, ag
growth n
l
g
guard n
l
g
guess n
l , l
g
guest n
ll , ll
g

73

guidance n
l l "
g
habit n
ll
g
hail n
ll
g, ag
hair n
4l
g
half n
lT
g
hand n
l
g
happy adj
~"l , , ~l
g
harm n
l4l, ~l
g
hat (Nepali) n
cll
g, h
hat (Western) n
cl
g, h
he (familiar) n
, l
g
he (formal) n
4l
g
head n
cl4l
g
headman n
~l"l
p
headquarters n
-4l
g, p
health n
4l"
g
hear v

g
heat n
l
g
heaven n
4
an, g
height n
l
g
help v
, l
g
here adv
"l
g
hereafter adv
l
g
highway n
s4 (l )
g
Himalaya n
ll
g
Hindu n, adj
l
g
hint n

g
hire n
lsl
g

74

historical n
lll4
g
history n
ll
g
hold v
l
g
holiday n
ll, ]l
g
home n

g, h
homeland n
4"
g, p
honest adj
ll
g
honor n
, l
g
hope n
"l
g
hospital n
l, ll4l"
g
hospital (maternity) n
l
g
hostile adj
l4ll, " =4l
g
hot (spicy) adj
ll
g, h
hot (things) adj
ll
g
hot (weather) adj

g
hour n
"cl
g
house n

g, h
housework n
4l 4l, 4l"
g, h
how (by what means) adv
4l
g
how (much/many) adv
4l
g
how (quality) adv
4l
g
human being n
l4-ll
g
hundred n
"
g
hunger n
l4
g
hurry n
, l
g
I pron

g
i.e. abbr
"l
g
idea n
l", l4l
g

75

if conj
"l
g
ignorance n
l, l
g
illiterate adj
l=l
g, p
immediately adv
, 4l
g
implemented adj
l 4l , 4l"ll4 l4l
g
importance n
4
g
important adj
l
g
improve v
l , l , l
g
improved adj

g
improvement n
l , l, ll4l
g
in prep
l
g
include v
l4"
g
including adj
, l
g
income n
ll, "
g, p
income tax n
" 4
p
incomplete adj
l , ll4l
g
increase v

g
independent adj
1l , 4, 4ll
p, g
indicate v
l " , ~l ,
g
individual n
"l
g
industry n
l, l
g, p
influence n
l4
g
influential adj
l44ll
g
information n
l
g
informed adj
l , 4
g
inherent adj
ll, 4 l, 4lll44
g
injection n

g
ink n
l
g

76

inopportune (time) adj
4l , ll"4
g
inside prep
l
g
inspect v
l" , ll=H , l
g
inspection n
l" , ll=H, 4 =H, l
g
inspector n
ll=4, l"=4
g
instead adj
ll, l
g
institution n
l
g, p
insult n
l , l
g
intention n
ll, , "l", ll"
g
interest (financial) n
"l
p
interesting adj
l~ ll
g
interim n
l
g
international adj
ll "
g, p
interview n
4ll
g
introduction n
l", l4l , l4
g
invite v
sl4 , ll , ll
g
iron n
l
g
irrigate v
ll l , ll
g, ag
irrigation n
ll
ag
irrigation ditch n
4l
ag
item n
l, 4, 4 -4 4
g
jacket n
"l4c
g
jail n
"l~ll
p
Japanese adj
lll
g
job n
4l, ll, "l", l
g
join v
l(
g
joint adj
l, " , lHl
g
journey n
"ll, H,
g

77

judge n
"l"ll
p
judgment n
"l", l, l4l l
p
jump v

g
just adj
ll, "l"ll
p
justice n
"l", l
p
kerosene n
l
g, h
kind n
l4l, l4, 4l
g
kind adj
"l
g
kingdom n
ll"
g, p
kitchen n
ll, ll
g, h
know (be acquainted) v
l
g
know (to have skill) v
l
g
knowledge n
l
g
known adj
4
g
labor n

g, ag
lake n
l
g
land n
l, l
g, ag
land reform n
l l
ag
landless (person) n
4ll
ag
landowner n
ll
ag
language n
ll
g
last adj
l, l~l
g
late adj
lTl, ,
g
later adv
l],
g
laugh v
l
g
law n
, 4l
g, p
lawsuit n
l
p
layer n

g

78

lazy adj
l]
g
lead n
ll, ll
g
leader n
l4 , l , l -" 4
an, g, p
leadership n
4
an, p
leaf n
l
g, ag
learn v
l4
g
leather n
]ll
g, h
leave v
]l(
g
leave (from work) n
]l , ll
g
lecture n
4, "l "l
g, p
left over v
l , l4l
g
legal code (national law) n
4l
p
leisure n
,
g
lesson n
l, l"=, "
g
letter n
ll,
g
letter (alphabet) n
=
g
level (standard) n
, Hl
g
library n
4l"
g
license n
l , l , l
g, p
life n
l4
g
lift v
l , l
g
light n
"ll
g
light (color) adj
l1l
g
like v

g
like (similar to) prep
l,
g
lime n
4ll
g, ag, h
limited adj
ll
g
link n
, l
g

79

list n
l , l , l
g
listen v

g
literate adj
l=l
g, p
literature n
ll"
g
little adj
ll, ll,
g
little (measurable) adj
l4l
g
little (unmeasurable) adj
ll
g
living standard n
l" ,
g, p
load n
ll
g
local adj
ll", "l"
g
long adj
ll
g
look v

g
loom n
l
h
loss n
~l, l4l
g
love v
l"l
g
love-talk n
-4ll
g
machine n
4, "
g
magazine n
l4l
g, p
magician n
l , c4l
g, an
maintenance n
l lH, ll44l, ll, ll44l
g
majority n
l4l", , "l
g, p
make v
l
g
malaria n
l, l
g, h
male (animal) n
l
g, ag
male (human) n
l l]
an, g
management n
l, "4l
g
manner n
T , , l, l" cll
g
manure n

ag

80

many adj
, l1 , l , l, l
g
map n
4"l
g, p
Mars n
7
g
math n
ll
g
matter n
l
g
mature adj
1l, l44
g
maximum adj
lT
g
maybe adv
ll
g
meaning n
, l
g
meaningless adj
, 4l
g
means n
l"
g
measurement n
l
g
meat n
l
g, h
mechanic n
ll, 4llT
g, ag
medicine n
l, ~l
g, h, an
meet v

g
meeting n
4 , c, ll, c
g
member n
"
g, p, h
membership n
"l
p
memorize v
"l , H
g
mentality n
4l4, l4l , ll4 "l
g
method n
l", T7 , l4l, Hll
g
middle n
lH, l
g
military n
l4 , l
g, p
milk n

g, h, an
millionaire n
~l
g
mind n
, l, l
g
minister n
l
p

81

ministry n
l"
p
miscellaneous adj
ll, c4
g
miser n
4 , "l , 4H , ll
g
mix v
ll
g
model n
" , l
g
modern adj
l4
g
moment n
l], =H
g
Monday n
ll
g
monkey n
l
g
monsoon n
l, l
g, ag
month n
ll
g
more adj
H, l, "l
g
morning n
ll
g
mostly adv
l
g
mother n
l, l
g, h
mountain n
lls
g
mouth n
~
g
move v

g
Mr n
ll, lll"
g
Mrs n
ll
g
mud, muddy n, adj
ll
g
multiplication n
H
g
mustard n
ll
g, h
nail n
4ll
g, h
name n
l
g
narrow adj
ll
g
national adj
l l"
g, p
natural adj
l4l4 , 4ll44
g

82

nature n
4l
g
nature (character) n
4l4
g
near adj
l, l4
g
nearby adj
l4
g
neat adj
l , l
g
need, to be needed v
ll , 4"4
g
nephew (brothers son) n
ll, l
an
nephew (sisters son) n
ll
an
new adj
"l
g
news n
~, ll
g, p
newspaper n
~l, l4l
g, p
night n
ll
g
no adv
l,
g
noise n
l
g
north n

g
nose n
l4
g
notice n
l
g
notice board n
l lcl
g
novel n
"l
g
now adv

g
nowadays adv
ll, ll,
g
number adv
"l ,
g
obey v
l
g
occupation n
4l4l, 4l , "l ,
g
offering n
l, l, cl ,
g, an
office n
4l"l"
g
officer n
l4ll, 4 ll
p
often adv
l", l"l
g

83

okay (agreement) interj
] ,
g
okay (polite) interj
, 4
g
old adj
ll
g
on prep
l
g
only adj
l
g
open v
~l
g
open adj
~l , ~l
g
opinion n
ll, l"
g
opponent n
lll
g
opportune adj
4 , "l
g
opportunity n
4l
g
opposed adj
l4, l4=
g
opposition n
l"l, l4l, l=l, l
g
or conj
l4, 4l
g
orange n
l
g, h, ag
order (command) n
4 , l, "
g, p
ordinance n
"l" , ll, l", l" l
p
ordinary adj
llH, 4lll44, ll
g
organization n
l ,
g
organizer n
"l4, "4l4
g
original adj
ll4, l4
g
other adj

g
outside n
ll
g
overcome v
l4"l ,
g
own (ones) adj
l
g
pack n
l4l, ll, 4l , l
g
paper n
4l, 4l
g
pardon v
l
g

84

parents n
l-l
g, an
part n
l, ~"s, ll
g
partnership n
lHl , ll , lll
g
party n
l
g
party (political) n
, =
p
past adj
l4l , 4l
g
pay v
l
g
pay n
, "ll, llll4
g
peace n
"ll
g
Peace Corps n
"ll l
g
peasant n
l4l, ~l4l
ag, p
peculiar adj
l, 4l
g
pen n
4
g
people n
l, l4, , l
g
pepper (hot) n
~ll
g
percent n
l"
g
perhaps adj
"l"
g
permission n
l
g
person n
l] , ll
g
persuade v
l , l44l l , cl
g
petition n
~l, , ll
p
physics n
l4 "l
g
picture n
4"l, 4l
g
piece n
l, ll, cl , 4 l
g
pineapple n
4c
g, h, ag
place n
l, l
g
plain adj
F, ll, , ,
g
plan n
l", ll", "ll
g

85

planet n
, =
g
plant n
l4l, lc
g
play v
~
g
play (musical instrument) v
l
g
playing field n
l
g
pleasant adj
ll
g
please n
4"l
g
plenty n
"
g
plough v
l
ag
pocket n
l, ~l
g
policy n
ll
p
politely adv
l4 4 , l" cl 4
g
political adj
ll4
p
political science n
lll "l
p
politics n
lll
p
poor (unfortunate) adj
ll
g
poor (wealth) adj
l
g
population n
"l
g
position n
l, , l
g
post office n
l4
g
postman n
l4l
g
potato n

g, h, ag
power n
l" , "l, =l, ,
g, an, p
powerful adj
"l"ll, 4l, ll
g, an, p
practical adj
"ll4, 4l l l4l4l ,
"ll4
g
practice n
-"l, l, "4l
g
practise v
l , -"l
g, an

86

precious adj
"
g
preliminary adj
ll4, ll4
g
present v
, " , ll
g
present adj
l
g
president n
l l
p
prestige n
, "l, l l
an, p
price n
l, " , l
g
pride n
"s, , 4l
g
prime minister n
l-l
p
principal adj
" , l, 4 F
g
principle n
l", , ll
g
priority n
ll4l
g
probable adj
ll4, ll4
g
problem n
"l
g
procedure n
l l4l , "ll, 4l" -ll
g
profession n
l , "l
g
profit n
ll , ll, l
g
program n
4l"
g
progress n
l, l
g
prohibit v
l , ll , l
g
prohibition n
ll, l , l
g
project n
"ll
g
promise v
ll , 44
g
promotion n
T4l , l, l
g
proof n
lH
g
proper adj
l
g
property n
lll, l
g
proposal n
l4
g

87

proposed adj
ll4
g
protect v
=l , l= l , =l
g
protection n
=l, =l
g
protest n
l4l, l4l
g
public adj
l4 l4, 4 llH
p
public n
ll", l, l
p
public health n
4l"
p
public service n
l4 4l
p
publicity n
l, l
p
published adj
4ll"
g
pull v
l , ~
g
punishment n
l", "s
g, p
pupil n
]l
g
purchase n
~l
g
pure adj
"
g
purpose n
4, l", ", ll"
g
put v
l
g
put (on) v
l
g
qualification n
"l"l
g
quality n
H
g
quarter (measurement) n
4l
g
quarter to (measurement) n

g
quarterly adv
ll4
g
question n

g
questionnaire n
l4l
g
quiet (to be) v
l
g
quit v
]l(
g
quota n
4lcl, 4l
g

88

radio n
ls"l
g
rain v
ll
g
raincoat n
l
g
raise (bring up) v
l
p, ag
raise (lift) n
l
g
raksi (liquor) n
4l
g, h
rank n
, l
g
rate n
, l, l
g
ratification n
, l
p
reach (some place) v
, l
g
reaction n
l4"l
g
read v

g
real n
~l, 4ll44
g
reality n
"l, 4ll44l
g
realization n

g
realize v
4 ,
g
receipt n
l
g
receive v
l
g
recent adj
l
g
recognize v
l
g
recommendation n
lll
g
reconcile v
ll , ll ,
g
red adj
ll
g
reform n
l
g, p
reform v
l
g
region n
l4l, =
g
regular adj
l, l"l, "l
g, an
relation n
ll,
g

89

relationship n

g
reliable adj
l4 4l", l
g
religion n

g, an
remain v

g
remaining adj
l4l
g
remember v
"l , H
g
remind v
Hl
g
remove v
cl
g
rent v
" , lsl
g
repair v

g
replace v
l
g
replacement n
l
g
reply n
4l,
g
representative n
lll
g, p
request n
ll, l , l4
g
required adj
ll4l, l=
g
research n
l
g
resources n
l, l"
g, ag
respect v
l , , 4l
g, an
respect n
l, l4l, l,
g, an
responsibility n
ll, l4ll , ll"4
g
responsible adj
l4l , l"l
g
rest v
l
g
restore v
l4l "l l , :l
g
result n
lHl, ll,
g
return n
ll
g
return (to) v
4 , l4
g
review v
l , l l
g

90

revise v
ll"l , l
g
revised adj
"ll , l4l, l4
g
revision n
"l , l}"l 4l
g
rhinoceros n
sl
g
rice (cooked) n
l
ag, g, h
rice (husked) n
l
ag, h
rice (unhusked) n
l
ag, h
rich adj
l
g
right n
l4l, 4
g
ring v
, l
g
ripen (to) v
l4
ag
river n
l
g
road n
s4, lcl, l
g
rock n
T7l
g
roof n
]l , ]ll
h
room n
4ll
h
routine adj
ll, l"l
g
routine n
4l" , lc, l"l, l"4 4l
"l
g
rudiment n
, l , , 4
g
rule n
l"
g
run v
4( , , , l
g
run (administer) v
l , l
p
rupee n
l"l
g
sack n
ll
g
sadness n
:~
g
salary n

g
sale n
ll
g

91

salt n

g, h
same adj
4 , c , ll
g
sample n
l
g
satisfaction n
l, l4
g
Saturday n
"l4l
g
Saturn n
"l
g
save v
l , " , ll
g
say v

g
science n
l4l
g
scissors n
4 l
g
scold v
ll , l
g
search v
~l
g
secret n
Bl , B , l"
g
secretary n
l4
g
section (of an office) n
lc
g
see v

g
seed n
l
ag
seedling n
l4l
ag
selected adj
lT"l,
g
selection n
]ll, ll
g
selfish adj
4l, l
g
selfishness n
4l l , 4ll
g
self-respect n
l4"4l
g, an
sell v

g
send back v
4l
g
separate adj
, , ] "l 4l, 4
g
separate v
]cl , ]l , l
g
service n
l4l, 4l
g

92

settle v
ll
g
sewing n
ll
h
share (financial) n
" , ll
g
shared adj
ll, lHl
g
she (familiar) pron
ll, l
g
she (formal) pron
4l
g
shirt n
4l
g, h
shoe(s) n
l
g, h
shop n

g
shopkeeper (female) n
ll
g
shopkeeper (male) n
ll
g
short (height) adj
ll
g
short (length) adj
]lcl
g
show v
~l
g
show n
"
g
signature n
l
g
silver n
ll
g
simple adj
llH
g
sincerely (yours) adv
4l"
g
sing v
l
g
sir n
l
g
sir (business letter) n
l"
g
sister (older) n
ll
an
sister (younger) n
ll
an
sitar n
ll
g
situation n
ll, 4l, l
g
skill n
l, =l, ll , l"
g
skillful adj
ll , lH , 4"
g

93

skin n
]ll
g
sleep v

g
sleepy adj
ll
g
slip v
ll
g
slippery adj
ll
g
small adj
ll
g
smallpox n
l
g, h
smart adj
, ll
g
snack n
~ll
g
snatch v
~l
g
snow n
l
g
so conj
" 4lH
g
social adj
lll4
an
society n
l
an, p
sociology n
l-"l
g
socks n
ll
g, h
soil n
lcl
g, ag
soldier n
l4
g, p
solid adj
l
g
some (people) adj
4ll
g
some (things) adj
4l
g
sometimes adv
4l4ll
g
sorrow n
4H, :~
g
sound n
4l
g
sour adj
ll
g
source n
l
g
south n
l=H
g
sow v
]
ag

94

sparkle n

g
sparkle v
H4 , c4
g
speak v
l
g
speak with v
4l
g
special adj
~l, l4"
g
specially n
l4"
g
speech n
4, lH
g
speed n
l
g
spend v
~
g
spike n
4ll, l~l 4lsl
g
spoon n
l
g, h
sports n
~4
g
staff (employee) n
4 ll, 4l" 4l
g
stake (wooden) n
4l4l l4l
g
stamp n
lc4c
g
stamp (office), seal n
]l
p
start v
l , "
g
state n
4 , l"
g
statistics n
"l
g
statue n
l
g
still adv
H
g
stipend n
l
g
stir v
l
g
stomach n
c
g
stone n
T7l
g
store n

g
story n
4l
g
straight adj
ll
g

95

strange adj
l
g
strength n
, l4, l"
g
strong adj
l"l
g
student n
l4l
g
student hostel n
]l4l
g
study v
, "
g
stupid adj
~
g
submit v
"
g
subsidy n
l , l 4 l"l
g
subtract v
cl
g
subtraction n
cl
g
successful adj
, l, l4"l
g
suddenly adv
4l, 1ll
g
sugar n
ll
g, h
suggestion n
Hl 4, l4
g
suitable adj
l, "ll, "
g
summon v
sl4 , , }4l
g
sun n
"
g
Sunday n
4l
g
sunshine, sunlight n
l
g
superfluous adj
"l , ll l l , lc
g
superstition n
4l , l4l, lTll
an
supervise v
~~
g
supervision n
l "
g
support n
, l, l-lH
g
sure adj
l", 4", l
g
surplus n
l, l4l 4l 4l
g
survey n
ll, ll, 4 =H
g

96

suspicion n
"4l
g
sweep v
sl , Tl
h
sweet adj
l"l
g
swim v
sl ~
g
swing n
l7
g
symbol n
4 , "ll, l
g
table n
c
h
take (out) v
lH4
g
take (to) v
l
g
take (with) v
, l l , l
g
talk (with) v
4l
g
tall adj
l
g
taste n
4l
g
tasty adj
ll, 4lll
g
tax v
4 l
p
tax n
4
p
tea n
l"l
g, h
teach v
l4l , Tl
g
teacher n
l"=4,
g
technical adj
ll4l4
g
technician n
ll4l
g
tell v

g
temple n
l
an
tenant (land) n
ll
ag
terrible adj
"l4
g
test n
l
g
thank you phrase
"4l
g
that adj
"l
g

97

then adv
l
g
there adv
"ll
g
therefore adv
"4lH, ,
g
these adj
"l
g
they pron
l
g
thick adj
l4l
g
thin adj
ll
g
thing n
4l , l
g
things n
ll
g
think v
l , l4l
g
thirst n
l~l
g
this adj
"l
g
those adj
l
g
thought n
l4l
g
thousand n
l
g
throat n
lcl
g
through prep
l , ll
g
Thursday n
lll
g
thus adv
, "
g
ticket n
lc4c
g
tika n
lc4l
h, an
time n
l , ", ~, 4l
g
time (occurrence) n
c4, c, lcl
g
tired (to be) v
l4
g
tobacco n
l~ ,
g
today adv

g
tomorrow adv
ll
g
tools n
l
g

98

tooth n
l
g
total n
l
g
tour n
H
g
tourist n
" c4, clc
g
towards (direction) prep
l
g
towards (here) prep
"l l
g
towards (there) prep
"l l
g
trade n
"ll
g, p
tragedy n
l"l
g
training n
ll
g
transfer v
, 4l
g
translation n
l , l
g
transportation n
"ll"l
g
travel v
, "ll ,
g
tree n
~, lc
g, ag
trouble n
4l, ~
g
truth n
"l
g
try v
4ll""
g
Tuesday n
7l
g
turn n
ll
g
turtle n
4]4l
g
type n
l4, l4l, 4l, ~l
g
umbrella n
]ll
g
unable adj

g
unanimity n
4l, 4 l, 4, 4"
g
uncle (material) n
ll
p
uncle (paternal) n
4l4l
p
uncomfortable adj
"ll, ll
g

99

uncommon adj
llH
g
uncultivated adj
lHl
ag
under (authority) prep

p
unification n
l44H
p
unit n
4l
g
united adj
"
g
United Nations n
" l
p
unity n
4l
g
universe n
l 4
g
university n
l 4ll"
g
unlimited adj
ll
g
unpleasant adj
ll
g
until (now) prep
l
g
unusual adj
l
g
up to prep

g
urgent adj
l
g
usage n
"l, "l
g
use n
"l,
g
usefulness n
"lll, 4lll
g
usually adv
l"l, l , l"
g
utensil n
lsl 4sl
g
utility n
"ll, " , "lll
g
vacancy n
l l
g
vacant adj
l
g
vacation n
ll, ]l
g
value n
"
g
vegetable garden n
l-ll, 4ll ll
h
Venus (planet) n
"
g

100

very adj
, l1 , ~ , l} ,
g
village n
l
ag, an,
g
visit v
"
g
voluntary labor n
l
p
wait v
~ , l~
g
walk v
l( , ls l
g
want v
l
g
warehouse (for grain) n
ll
ag
warm adj
"ll
g
wash n
, l
g
watch n
sl
g
watchman n
l
g
water n
ll
g
water hole n
44l
g
water pipe n
l
ag
water resources n
l
ag
water supply n
~l ll lH
g
watershed n
ll
ag
way n
l"
g
we pron
ll, ll
g
weak adj
4l, l
g
wealth n
l
g
wear v
l , l
g
weather n

g
Wednesday n
l
g
weight n

g
well n
l
ag, h
west n
l
g

101

what adj, adv
4
g
what time phrase
4l
g
wheat n

g
when adv/pron
4l
g
where (direction) adv/pron
4ll, 4l
g
which (plural) adj/pron
4 4
g
which (singular) adj/pron
4
g
whichever pron
l
g
white adj
l
g
who pron
4l
g
why pron
l4
g
wide adj
"l4, ll4l, sl
g
wind adj
l4l
g
window n
"l
h
with prep

g
work n
4l, 4l"
g
work v
4l
g
worker n
4l" 4l, 4ll
g
world n
l , l4
g
worry n
l
g
worship v
l
an
worthy adj
l"4, "l"
g
writer n
~4
g
wrong adj
l, " , l4
g
yak n
"l4, l
g
year n
, l
g
yellow adj
l
g
yes (polite) adv

g

102

yesterday n, adv
ll
g
yet adv
H
g
yogurt n
l
h
you (familiar) pron
ll
g
you (polite) pron
l
g
youth n
4l
g
zonal commissioner n
ll"
g
zone n

g
zoology n
lHl-ll
g

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