Sustainable Architecture - Theory

Youth Education Centre, Windberg Architect: Herzog und Partner

2/26/13

Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

Sustainable Architecture - Theory

Contents: Natural vs. Built Environment Ecological Architecture / Green Building Performance Metrics of Sustainability Economical Aspects of Sustainability

2/26/13

Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

Natural vs. Built Environment

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Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

Environmental Impact of Buildings

More people live in urban than in rural areas 40% of raw materials is consumed by buildings Running out of fossil energy sources

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Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

Characteristics of The Built Environment

Increasing Urbanization Energy consumption Amount of waste Amount of sewage

How to manage these issues in architecture?

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd
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Environment and Architecture

Historic Overview
Traditional architecture: protective, resists external impacts, small windows (15%) Modernist architecture: large windows 80%, insufficient construction technology, large energy consumption, bad indoor climate
1980s: counter-balancing bad indoor climate with cooling and heating

Sequential Architectural Design Process design disciplines do their job one after the other
2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd
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Environment and Architecture

Historic Overview
1973-74 energy crisis: energy over-consumption becomes an issue Building energy research: study and simulation of energy currents through the building envelope Sustainability becomes an issue Simultaneous Architectural Design Process activities of design disciplines overlap to optimize efficiency and save time
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Environment and Architecture

Architectural Design Guidelines
Functional: constructional, operational
Human: safety and security, health, comfort Cultural: aesthetics, social context

Economical: profit, life cycle cost

Ecological: energy use, energy sources, building materials, water management, waste and pollution management Eco-Architecture

Environmental awareness in architecture

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Ecological Architecture Green Building

Youth Education Centre, Windberg Architect: Herzog und Partner

2/26/13

Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

Ecology vs. Sustainability

Sustainability Constant social development without allowing economic growth beyond the limits of the environmental supply and waste management capacities Ecology The science of the relationships between organisms and their environments
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Sustainability

Ecology

Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

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Ecological Architecture
FIRE
Energy

AIR

Water Management

Building Materials

Waste Management

WATER

Site Management

EARTH

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Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

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Conventional Building Operation

Sun

Unutilized Natural Resources

Wind Air Sound

Precipitation

Noise Fresh air Fossil energy Fresh water Operation Stale air Heat energy Sewage Waste

Materials

Vegetation

Earth
Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

Water
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LINEAR PROCESSES
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Ecological Building Operation

Sun

Utilized Natural Resources

Fresh air Wind

Precipitation

Water management

Building Materials Vegetation

Operation

Energy

Waste management Water management Ground water

Water

CIRCULAR PROCESSES
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Geo-structure
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Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

Green Building - Directive

Implement the main ecological guidelines throughout the buildings entire lifecycle
Main Ecological Guidelines Reduce Conserve Recycle Lifecycle of Buildings Design Fabrication Building Maintenance Renovation Demolition

Provide the highest possible level of autonomy

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Green Building - Autonomy

Cut dependence on external resources
Yellow Tree House Restaurant

Achievable Levels of Autonomy Heat energy (20-100%) Electricity (20-100%) Water supply (20-100%) Sewage management (20-100%) Waste management (2040%)
Pacific Environment Architects Photo: Lucy Gauntlett 2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd
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Ecological Architecture - Principles

Energy: maximize efficiency, conserve fossil, use renewable Air: healthy indoor air quality, reduce CO2equivalent emission Building Materials: recycle, reuse Earth: minimize land use, utilize local resources Waste Management: consciously Water: avoid pollution Water Management: conserve drinking water, use rain or grey water Fire: utilize solar energy
Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd
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Performance Metrics of Sustainability

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Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

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Green Building Rating Systems - Chapters

According to LEED 2009

Econia Business Park, C&J Architects

Viikki Church, JKMM Architects, Photo: Arno de la Chapelle

Sustainable sites Materials and resources Water efficiency Indoor environment Energy and atmosphere Innovation in design Regional priority
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Green Building Rating Systems - Points

According to LEED 2009

2/26/13

Sustainable sites Water efficiency Energy and atmosphere Materials and resources Indoor environment Innovation in design Regional priority
Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

26 10 35 14 15 6 4
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Performance Metrics of Sustainability Energy-Related

Operational Metrics Energy Consumption Energy Performance Rating CO2-Equivalent Emission
Life Cycle Metrics Energy Consumption Life Cycle CO2-Equivalent Emission
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Operational Energy Consumption Metrics

EcoDesigner* final, commercial release

EcoDesigner* final, commercial release

EcoDesigner* Public Beta release

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Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

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Operational Energy Consumption Metrics

Energy Demand Fuel Consumption Energy Performance Rating
Compare projects with: statistical database or calculated baseline performance

Primary Energy

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Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

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Consumption And Emission Metrics

Primary energy consumption locally relevant factors enable the conversion of all end-use energy quantities to primary energy so that they can be summarized
Equivalent CO2 emission converts the effects of emitted greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, CO, NMVOC, NOx. N2O) to the equivalent amount of CO2
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Consumption And Emission Metrics

Fuel type District heating Primary E Factor 0.8 1.5 CO2 Factor 0.24 0.41

Electricity
Natural gas Raw mineral oil Coal

1.8 2.7
1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.95 1.2

0.49 - 0.68
0.25 0.30 0.31 0.29 - 0.44

Dried wood
Renewables
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0.2 - 0.6
0
Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

0.03 0.05
0
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CO2-Equivalent Emission vs. Natural Absorbers

To ensure the healthy balance of the environment, emission must be reduced to meet the capacity of natural absorbers
E.g. Present situation in Hungary: CO2-Equivalent Emission= ~6 tons/capita, a capacity of natural absorbers= ~2.5 tons/capita, a
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2/26/13

Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

CO2-Equivalent Emission Capacity of Natural Absorbers E.g.

On a sunny summer day, a 100 years old oak tree produces 9.4 m3 oxygen clarifies 36000 m3 air This is enough for 12 grown up persons for a day

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Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

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Performance Metrics of Sustainability Not Energy-Related

Solar Reflectance Index (Heat Island Effect) Water Used for Operation
Drinking Potable

Percentage of Building Reuse Building Material Content (Relative)

Reused Recycled Regional Low Emitting

Ecological Footprint
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Ecological Footprint
Resource and waste management needs of a society/economy/household in ecological active land area (Ha/person, year)

Based on international statistics Usually between 1.6 and 9 Ha/person, year

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Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

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Economical Aspects of Sustainability

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Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

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Rationalize Costs And Expenses

Consider Whole Life Cost Evaluate return of investment on components Minimize traffic and transportation think local Minimize consumption: material, drinking water and energy
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Payback Calculation
A typical office building costs about three times its initial cost to operate and maintain over 30 years Carefully implemented sustainable design only costs 2% more to build but may pay back the original investment 10 times over Reduced energy consumption due to strategic green investments has a stronger effect on the LCC than the original investment

If the team members involved know what they are doing, you can go pretty far down the path of creating a green building without adding extra costs at all.
Environmental Building News editor Nadav Malin
2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd
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Life Cycle Analysis

Energy calculations and cost simulations can be used concurrently to ensure that energy-conservation and capital goals are met

Whole Life Cost = Life Cycle Cost (LCC) Construction Operation Maintenance End of life + Profit
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Government Incentives
Green constructions typically only become profitable after a long time Project-related costs do not include national consequences (exploitation of resources, pollution etc.)
To offset the extra initial investments, governments should support green construction, on national level.
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References
pletszerkezetek Tanszk - pletszerkezzettan 7 Fenntarthat fejlds fenntarthat pts ALAPFOGALMAK- Dr. Lnyi Erzsbet Energia-, leveg- s vz- HZTARTS - Dr. Lnyi Erzsbet ANYAGHZTARTS puletszerkezetek ptstechnikk - Dr. Lnyi Erzsbet ALTERNATV PTSI MDOK fld- s szalmabla - pts, recikllt anyagok - Dr. Lnyi Erzsbet MSZAKI S KOLGIAI PLETREHABILITCI Algoritmus - Dr. Lnyi Erzsbet PLET-REKONSTRUKCI KOLGIAI RTKELSI SZEMPONTJAI - ? PLETFELJTSOK ENERGETIKAI LEHETSGEI Transzparens szerkezetek Dr. Becker Gbor KRNYEZETTUDATOS FELJTSOK PTSZETI TZVDELMI VONATKOZSAI - Dr. Takcs Lajos Gbor PLETFELJTSOK ENERGETIKAI LEHETSGEI - dr. Kakasy Lszl PLETEK UTLAGOS SZIGETELSE TALAJNEDVESSG, S TALAJVZ ELLEN - dr. Kakasy Lszl

Magaspts Tanszk kolgikus pts Jegyzetek Fenntarhato-- Dr. Szll Mria Energia - Dr. Szll Mria s Dr. Tth Elek Energiatermels Dr. Ptzay Gyrgy Energiafogyaszts - Dr. Szll Mria ghajlat - Dr. Szll Mria kolgikus pts - Dr. Szll Mria Globalizci vs. Fenntarthatsg / Fenntarthat Fejlds - Dr. Szll Mria Energiavlsg Fts - Dr. Tth Elek Hszivatty - Dr. Tth Elek Problmakr - Medgyasszay Pter PhD, Vajnn Horn Valria DLA Regionalits - Medgyasszay Pter PhD Egszsges krnyezet - V. Horn Valria DLA Passzvhz - Medgyasszay Pter PhD Szolris ptszet alapjai - V. Horn Valria DLA Fld / vlyog - Medgyasszay Pter PhD ko-rekonstrukci - V. Horn Valria Fenntarthat hz - Medgyasszay Pter PhD ptskolgiai rtkels - V. Horn Valria DLA
Other ANSI/ASHRAE, BRE, CIBSE, DOE-EERE, EIA, IBPSA, USGBC, Passivhaus Institut, GBC AUS, ABCB, ISO, Magyar puletenergetikai Szablyozs 2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd 34