"The White Man's Burden" (Rudyard Kipling) - perceived responsibility to share and spread the 'benets' of European culture

organization in a central state

One Language Many Voices

Colonial and post-colonial short stories Themes and Contexts
Ryme! / ekpyrosis.de
Circumstance Outpost Western bigotry and racism Colonial encounters Horse Lack of communication Path Meeting Muhammad Ali in Good Advice Meeting Destruction of native cultures Mimicry - the adoption or mimicking of Western ideals and customs by the colonial people Interests of the colonial powers ... economic ... to "bring civilization" Outpost 2nd Hut Elephant Isolation and loneliness of colonists Justications of colonial ideology Social Darwinism - the idea that it is the natural right of stronger peoples to dominate others Colonialism

Christianity and salvation technological progress protect people from famine and civil war Picture: "Britannia and her children"

Meeting

Circumstance

"Going native" - Colonial ofcers assuming native customs

The Atlantic Triangle slave trade (abolished in the Empire in 1807) Slavery abolished in the Empire in 1833 tea, sugar, cotton, minerals, spices, tobacco, ... raw materials from the colonies colonies as markets for products most famous example: cloth made from cotton imported from India Outpost

M. Gandhi's boycott of British cloth as a means of protest

... military

control of trade routes control of large portions of the continents

Christian missionaries: suppression of tribal religions and 'superstitions'

Caught between cultures

Migration of Europeans to colonies

Black Madonna Jeans Fanatic "Hybridity"

Windrush generation - people from the Caribbean moving to England in the 1950s-1960s Immigration from the colonies to Britain multicultural society in Britain Good Advice Isreal and Palestine Civil war and conicts Africa India and Pakistan: Hindus against Muslims Migration Post-colonial reverberations History of the Empire

"The ag follows trade"

Late 16th century: Colonies in Northern America and the Caribbean Beginnings 1617: Jamestown in New England founded East India Company rule in India American revolution and loss of the 13 American colonies in 1783 Britain is strongest naval power, role of the global policeman "Rule Britannia, Britannia rule the waves..."

Homegrown terrorism London bombings Parvez in Fanatic Black Madonna Integration Racism and bigotry

Outpost Circumstance Elephant 2nd Hut Meeting Horse Path Good Advice

new forms of expression - e.g. Dub poetry early short stories - told by Europeans for Europeans stressing the exotic and foreign element later short stories - told by native people for native people - use of language and forms of story-telling to stress their identity Britain's imperial century (1815-1914) Art and culture "From Cape to Cairo": British colonies in Africa Opium wars in China the role of women Good Advice Short stories characteristics can be read in one session deals with one particular conict or theme condensed narration: every detail can be important, must be read closely brevity Decolonization and decline of the Empire Dominions: autonomous states under British sovereignty - Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, ... Independence of Ireland 2nd hut the Raj in India - the "Crown Jewel" of the Empire

Jeans

Following WW I

New Commonwealth

Following WW II - Britain was virtually bankrupt, could not afford to uphold most of its colonies

1947: Independence of India and Pakistan (partition) 1960s: Decolonization of Africa 1997: Return of Hong Kong to China

usually begins "in medias res" (without a long introduction) often has an open ending or a surprise ending with a twist often shows a "slice of life", a pivotal point in a person's life use of symbols

structure