Marking Scheme Chemistry PEKA Form 4 Experiment No : ......4.1.............

Topic: Periodic Table of Elements Aim To investigate the chemical properties of lithium, sodium and potassium

Problem statement Ho does the reactivit! of "roup 1 elements change hen the! react ith ox!gen gas, #$% & K1PP1(i) ' Able to write the aim or problem statement correctly( Hypothesis Variables )hen going do n "roup 1, al*ali metals become more reactive in their reaction ith ox!gen gas. +anipulated variable : ,ifferent t!pes of al*ali metals -esponding variable : -eactivit! of metals .ixed variable : #x!gen, si/e of metals & K1PP1(ii) ' Able to write the hypothesis or variables correctly( Materials Apparatus lithium, sodium, potassium, filter paper, distilled ater, red litmus paper, gas 0ars filled ith ox!gen gas. ater troughs, small *nife, forceps, gas 0ars, gas 0ar spoons, gas 0ar covers. & K1PP1(iii) ' Able to list all the materials and apparatus correctly( Procedure 1. 1ithium is cut into a small piece ith *nife and forceps. $. #il on the surface of lithium is dried ith filter paper. 2. The lithium is put on a gas 0ar spoon. 4. The lithium is heated strongl! until it burns. 3. The gas 0ar spoon is 4uic*l! transferred into a gas 0ar filled ith ox!gen gas. 5. #bservation is made. 6. 17 cm2 of ater is poured into the 0ar hen the reaction stops. The 0ar is sha*en.-ed litmus paper is used to test the solution formed. 8. 9teps 1 to 6 are repeated and lithium is replaced ith potassium. :. #bservations are recorded in a table form. & K1PP1(iv) ' Able to write the procedure correctly(

Metal 1ithium

9odium

Potassium

Observation 1ithium burns slo l! ith a red flame and liberates hite fumes and becomes hite solid. The hite solid dissolves in ater to produce a solution that turns red litmus paper blue. 9odium burns rapidl! and brightl! ith a !ello flame and liberates hite fumes and becomes hite solid. The hite solid dissolves in ater to produce a solution that turns red litmus paper blue. Potassium burns ver! rapidl! and brightl! ith lilac flame and liberates hite fumes and becomes hite solid. The hite solid dissolves in ater to produce a solution that turns red litmus paper blue.

Observation

& K1PP1(v) ' Able to use an appropriate method to collect data ( & K3PP1 ' Able to write the observations( & K3PP2 ' Able to write an observation correctly( & K3PP3 ' Able to write all the observations correctly( ommunication 1. 41i ; #$ $. 4Na ; #$ 2. 4< ; #$ $1i$# $Na$# $<$#

&K!PP1" Able to write all the chemical equations for the reactions correctly( #nterpretin$ %ata 1i , Na , < 1.

+ore reactive $. =ll the al*ali metals sho similar chemical properties. 2. 1ithium h!droxide, sodium h!droxide and poptassium h!droxide are formed hich caused the red litmus papers to change colour &K!PP2" Able 1& to arrange the alkali metals in ascending order of reactivity 2& to state alkali metals have same chemical properties 3& name the substances that cause the red limus paper change colour( onclusion The h!pothesis is accepted. &K!PP3" Able to state the hypothesis is accepted or rejected(

'(%

Mark Scheme Chemistry PEKA Form 4 Experiment No : ......4.1............. Topic: Periodic Table of Elements Aim To investigate the chemical properties of lithium, sodium and potassium

Problem statement Ho does the reactivit! of "roup 1 elements change hen the! react ith ater% & K1PP1(i) ' Able to write the aim or problem statement correctly( Hypothesis Variables )hen going do n "roup 1, al*ali metals become more reactive in their reaction ith ater. +anipulated variable : ,ifferent t!pes of al*ali metals -esponding variable : -eactivit! of metals .ixed variable : )ater, si/e of metals & K1PP1(ii) ' Able to write the hypothesis or variables correctly( Materials Apparatus lithium, sodium, potassium, filter paper, distilled ater, red litmus paper. ater troughs, small *nife, forceps. & K1PP1(iii) ' Able to list all the materials and apparatus correctly( Procedure 1. 1ithium is cut into a small piece ith *nife and forceps. $. #il on the surface of lithium is dried ith filter paper. 2. The lithium is placed onto the ater surface in a trough. 4. )hen the reaction stops, the solution produced is tested ith red litmus paper. 3. 9teps 1 to 4 are repeated and lithium is replaced ith sodium and potassium. :. #bservations are recorded in a table form.

& K1PP1(iv) ' Able to write the procedure correctly(

Observation

Metal 1ithium 9odium Potassium

Observation 1ithium moves slo l! on the ater surface ith >hiss? sound. = colourless solution turns red litmus paper blue. 9odium moves rapidl! on the ater surface ith >hiss? sound. = colourless solution turns red litmus paper blue. Potassium burns ith a lilac flame, moves ver! rapidl! on the ater surface ith >hiss? and >pop? sound = colourless solution turns red litmus paper blue.

& K1PP1(v) ' Able to use an appropriate method to collect data ( & K3PP1 ' Able to write the observations( & K3PP2 ' Able to write an observation correctly( & K3PP3 ' Able to write all the observations correctly( ommunication 1. $1i ; $H$# $1i#H ; H$ $Na#H ; H$ $<#H ; H$

$. $Na ; $H$# 2. $< ; $H$#

&K!PP1" Able to write all the chemical equations for the reactions correctly(

#nterpretin$ %ata

1i , Na , < 1. +ore reactive $. =ll the al*ali metals sho similar chemical properties. 2. 1ithium h!droxide, sodium h!droxide and poptassium h!droxide are formed hich caused the red litmus papers to change colour &K!PP2" Able 1& to arrange the alkali metals in ascending order of reactivity 2& to state alkali metals have same chemical properties 3& name the substances that cause the red limus paper change colour(

onclusion

The h!pothesis is accepted. &K!PP3" Able to state the hypothesis is accepted or rejected( '(% Marking Scheme Chemistry PEKA Form 4 Experiment No : ......4.$.........

Topic: Periodic Table of Elements Aim To investigate the chemical properties of "roup 16 elements.

Problem statement Ho do halogens react ith iron% & K1PP1(i) ' Able to write the aim or problem statement correctly( Hypothesis Variables Halogens form iron@AAAB halides hen the! react ith iron. +anipulated variable : T!pes of halogens -esponding variable : =ppearance of bro n solid .ixed variable : Aron & K1PP1(ii) ' Able to write the hypothesis or variables correctly( Materials Apparatus Chlorine gas, bromine ater, iodine, iron ool, soda lime Combustion tubes, test tubes, deliver! tubes, bunsen burner, retort stand and clamp & K1PP1(iii) ' Able to list all the materials and apparatus correctly( Procedure Chlorine ith iron

1. Aron ool is heated strongl! in the combustion tube. $. The hot iron ool is passed ith chlorine gas. 2. #bservation is recorded in a table. Dromine ith iron 1. Aron ool is heated strongl! in the combustion tube. $. )hen the iron ool becomes red hot, li4uid bromine in the test tube is armed to vaporise it. 2. The hot iron ool is passed over ith bromine gas. 4. #bservation is recorded in a table. Aodine ith iron 1. Aron ool is heated strongl! in the combustion tube. $. )hen the iron ool becomes red hot, the iodine in the test tube is heated to sublime it. 2. The hot iron ool is passed over ith iodine vapour. 4. #bservation is recorded in a table. & K1PP1(iv) ' Able to write the procedure correctly(

Observation

Halo$ens Chlorine Dromine Aodine

Observation The iron ool burns vigorousl! ith a bright flame. = bro n solid is formed. The iron ool glo s brightl! and less vigorousl!. = bro n solid is formed. The iron ool glo s diml! and slo l!. = bro n solid is formed.

& K1PP1(v) ' Able to use an appropriate method to collect data ( & K3PP1 ' Able to write the observations( & K3PP2 ' Able to write an observation correctly( & K3PP3 ' Able to write all the observations correctly(

ommunication

1. $.e ; 2Cl$ $. $.e ; 2Dr$ 2. $.e ; 2A$

$.eCl$ $.eDr$ $.eA$

&K!PP1" Able to write all the chemical equations for the reactions correctly( #nterpretin$ %ata

1.

Cl$ , Dr$

A$

1ess reactive $. The bro n solids formed are iron@AAB chloride, iron@AAB bromide, iron@AAB iodide &K!PP2" Able to in)ere based on the observations&( onclusion The h!pothesis is accepted. &K!PP3" Able to state the hypothesis is accepted or rejected( '(% Mark Scheme Chemistry PEKA Form 4 Experiment No : ......4.$......... Topic: Periodic Table of Elements Aim To investigate the chemical properties of "roup 16 elements.

Problem statement Ho do halogens react ith sodium h!droxide% & K1PP1(i) ' Able to write the aim or problem statement correctly( Hypothesis Variables )hen going do n the "roup 16, halogens are become less reactive. +anipulated variable : T!pes of halogens -esponding variable : reactivit! of halogens .ixed variable : sodium h!droxide solution & K1PP1(ii) ' Able to write the hypothesis or variables correctly( Materials Chlorine gas, bromine ater, iodine, $ mol dm'2 sodium h!droxide

Apparatus

Test tubes, test tubes holder, deliver! tubes, droppers, stoppers & K1PP1(iii) ' Able to list all the materials and apparatus correctly(

Procedure

Chlorine ith sodium h!droxide 1. Chlorine gas is passed into $ cm2 of sodium h!droxide solution in a test tube. $. The test tube is closed ith a stopper. The solution formed is sha*en. 2. #bservation is recorded in a table. Dromine ith sodium h!droxide 1. T o drops of li4uid bromine are added to $ cm2 of sodium h!droxide solution in a test tube. $. The test tube is closed ith stopper. The test tube is sha*en vigorousl! until no further changes occur. 2. #bservation is recorded in a table. Aodine ith h!droxide 1. = small piece of iodine is added to $ cm2 of sodium h!droxide solution in a test tube. $. The test tube is closed ith stopper. The test tube is sha*en vigorousl! until no further changes occur. 2. #bservation is recorded in a table. & K1PP1(iv) ' Able to write the procedure correctly(

Observation

Halo$ens Chlorine Dromine Aodine

Observation The greenish'!ello gas dissolves rapidl! to produce a colourless solution. The reddish'bro n li4uid decolourises 4uite rapidl! a colourless solution is formed. The purplish'blac* solid dissolves slo l! to produce an almost colourless solution.

& K1PP1(v) ' Able to use an appropriate method to collect data (

& K3PP1 ' Able to write the observations( & K3PP2 ' Able to write an observation correctly( & K3PP3 ' Able to write all the observations correctly( ommunication 1. Cl$ ; $Na#H $. Dr$ ; $Na#H 2. A$ ; $Na#H NaCl ; Na#Cl ; H$# NaDr ; Na#Dr ; H$# NaA ; Na#A ; H$#

&K!PP1" Able to write all the chemical equations for the reactions correctly( #nterpretin$ %ata

1.

Cl$ , Dr$

A$

1ess reactive &K!PP2" Able to in)ere based on the observations&( onclusion The h!pothesis is accepted. &K!PP3" Able to state the hypothesis is accepted or rejected( '(% Mark Scheme Chemistry PEKA Form 4 Experiment No : ......4.$.......... Topic: Periodic Table of Elements Aim To investigate the chemical properties of "roup 16 elements.

Problem statement Ho do halogens react ith ater% & K1PP1(i) ' Able to write the aim or problem statement correctly( Hypothesis 1. Halogens form acidic solutions hen the! react ith ater. $. Halogens sho bleaching properties hen the! react ith ater.

Variables

+anipulated variable : T!pe of halogens -esponding variable : Changes in colour of the blue litmus paper .ixed variable : )ater & K1PP1(ii) ' Able to write the hypothesis or variables correctly(

Materials Apparatus

Chlorine gas, bromine ater, iodine, blue litmus paper, ater. Test tubes, dropper, test tube holders, deliver! tubes. & K1PP1(iii) ' Able to list all the materials and apparatus correctly(

Procedure

Chlorine ith ater 1. Chlorine gas is passed into 3 cm2 of distilled ater in a test tube. $. = piece of blue litmus paper is put into the solution. 2. =n! changes in colour is observed. 4. #bservation is recorded in a table. Dromine ith ater 1. T o drops of li4uid bromine are put into 3 cm2 of distilled ater in a test tube.The test tube is sha*en. $. = piece of blue litmus paper is put into the solution. 2. =n! changes in colour is observed. 4. #bservation is recorded in a table. Aodine ith ater 1. = small piece of solid iodine is put into 3 cm2 of distilled ater in a test tube. $. = piece of blue litmus paper is put into the solution. 2. =n! changes in colour is observed. 4. #bservation is recorded in a table. & K1PP1(iv) ' Able to write the procedure correctly( Halo$ens Observation Chlorine The greenish'!ello gas dissolves rapidl! to produce a pale !ello solution. The solution turns blue litmus paper to red then to hite. Dromine The reddish'bro n li4uid dissolves slo l! in ater to form a !ello ish'bro n solution. The solution turns blue litmus paper to red then to hite. Aodine = purple'blac* solid dissolves ver! slo l! in ater to produce a pale !ello solution. The solution has no effect on blue litmus paper.

Observation

& K1PP1(v) ' Able to use an appropriate method to collect data ( & K3PP1 ' Able to write the observations( & K3PP2 ' Able to write an observation correctly( & K3PP3 ' Able to write all the observations correctly( ommunication 1. Cl$ ; H$# $. Dr$ ; H$# 2. A$ ; H$# HCl ; HCl# HDr ; HDr# HA ; HA#

&K!PP1" Able to write all the chemical equations for the reactions correctly( #nterpretin$ %ata 1. Cl$ , Dr$ A$

1ess reactive $. Chlorine and bromine ater are bleaching agents due to the presence of h!pochlorus, HCl# acid and h!pobromus acid, HDr# &K!PP2" Able to in)ere based on the observations&( onclusion The h!pothesis is accepted. &K!PP3" Able to state the hypothesis is accepted or rejected(

'(% Mark Scheme Chemistry PEKA Form 4 Experiment No : ......4.2......... Topic: Periodic Table of Elements

Aim

To investigate the properties of the oxides of the elements in Period 2.

Problem statement Ho do the acid'base properties of the oxides of elements change across Period 2% & K1PP1(i) ' Able to write the aim or problem statement correctly( Hypothesis Variables =cidic properties of the oxides of elements increase hereas basic properties of the oxides of the elements decrease across Period 2. +anipulated variable : #xides of elements of Period 2 -esponding variable : pH values in ater and solubilit! in acid or al*ali .ixed variable : )ater or nitric acid or sodium h!droxide & K1PP1(ii) ' Able to write the hypothesis or variables correctly( Materials 9odium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminium oxide, silicon@AEB oxide, phosphorus pentoxide, sulfur dioxide gas, dichlorine heptoxide, universal indicator, $ mol dm'2 nitric acid, $ mol dm'2 sodium h!droxide solution Doiling tubes, test tubes, gas 0ar, gas 0ar cover, 177 cm2 measuring c!linder, bunsen burner & K1PP1(iii) ' Able to list all the materials and apparatus correctly( Procedure 1. = small amount of sodium oxide po der is added to $ cm2 of distilled ater in a boiling tube. $. Af the oxide is soluble in ater, t o drops of universal indicator is added to the solution. 2. The solution is sha*en and the pH of the solution is recorded. 4. Af the oxide is not soluble in ater, the oxide is added to 3 cm2 of $ mol dm'2 nitric acid. 3. The solution is armed and sha*en. 5. The solubilit! of the oxide is recorded. 6. 9teps 4 to 5 are repeated b! replacing nitric acid ith $ mol dm'2 sodium h!droxide solution. 8. 9teps 1 to 6 are repeated b! replacing sodium oxide ith magnesium oxide, aluminium oxide, silicon@AEB oxide, phosphorus pentoxide, sulfur dioxide gas, dichlorine heptoxide. & K1PP1(iv) ' Able to write the procedure correctly(

Apparatus

O*ide

9odium oxide

Observation +ith ,ater +ith universal indicator )hite po der pH is 12 dissolves in ater to form colourless solution )hite po der dissolves slightl! to form a colourless solution )hite po der does not dissloves in ater )hite po der does not dissloves in ater )hite po der pH is 2 dissolves in ater to form colourless solution Colourless gas pH is 2 dissolves to form a colourless solution 1i4uid dissolves pH is 1 to form a colourless solution pH is 8

Observation +ith sodium +ith nitric hydro*ide acid solution " "

+agnesium oxide

" )hite po der dissolves to form a colourless solution )hite po der dissolves to form a colourless solution "

" )hite po der dissolves to form a colourless solution "

=luminium oxide

"

9ilicon@AEB oxide

"

Phosphorus pentoxide

"

9ulfur dioxide gas

"

"

,ichlorine heptoxide

"

"

Observation

& K1PP1(v) ' Able to use an appropriate method to collect data ( & K3PP1 ' Able to write the observations( & K3PP2 ' Able to write an observation correctly( & K3PP3 ' Able to write all the observations correctly( ommunication 1. Na$# ; H$# $. 2. +g# ; H$# =l$#2 ; $HN#2 =l$#2 ; $Na#H 4. 9i#$ ; $Na#H $Na#H +g@#HB$ $=l@N#2B2 ; 2H$# $Na=l#$ ; H$# Na$9i#2 ; H$#

3. 5. 6.

P4#17 ; 5H$# 9#$ ; H$# Cl$#6 ; H$#

4H2P#4 H$9#4 $HCl#4

&K!PP1" Able to write all the chemical equations for the reactions correctly( #nterpretin$ %ata

1.

Acidic 9ilicon@AEB oxide Phosphorus pentoxide 9ulfur dioxide gas ,ichlorine heptoxide

Amphoteric =luminium oxide

-asic 9odium oxide +agnesium oxide

$. )hen going across Period 2 from left to right, the properties of the oxides of elements change from basic to acidic. &K!PP2" Able to in)ere based on the observations&( onclusion The h!pothesis is accepted. &K!PP3" Able to state the hypothesis is accepted or rejected( '(%