ME 3345 Heat Transfer

Objective: Heat Transfer from Extended Surfaces.

Fins - Extended Surfaces

qconv

Asurface h(Ts

T )

How to enhance heat transfer (without increasing the temperature difference) ??

Fins - Extended Surfaces

qconv

Asurface h(Ts

T )

How to enhance heat transfer (without increasing the temperature difference) ?? (1) Increase h by strong forced convection (use fan, use water instead of air, spray or inject water, etc. (2) Increase the surface area A. The second is often achieved by using fins.

Examples of Extended Surfaces

Extruded Heat Sink Automobile Radiator

Radiator (household heating)

Mobile Pentium Processors

Simple Structures:

We will perform the analysis for simple cases and discuss engineering methods to deal with complicated geometry.

How much performance increase Space Weight/ Material Manufacturing process Cost

Fins of Uniform Cross Section

(a) Rectangular fin.

(b) Pin fin.

Analysis of Heat Transfer Enhancement

The application of extended surfaces for heat transfer enhancement must be carefully considered. This processes induces additional manufacturing costs and complexity. Thus, we must find a way to quantify the added benefits of using extended surfaces to justify their application.

A) Determine the rate of heat transfer from an extended surface. Involves finding the temperature distribution in the fin structure.

B) Define some measure of efficiency for extended surfaces. Use this as a basis for determining when to use them.

1-D Temperature Distribution. Heat Diffusion Equation. Pseudo - 1D, steady-state

qx

dx

qx

T , h
qconv qx dx x qx+dx

This is because we have included the convection boundary in the control volume.

qx

qx

qx

dx

dT kAc dx d dT kAc dx dx dx

qconv
P = Perimeter Ac = Cross-sectional area

h(T T )Pdx
hP(T T )

d dT kAc dx dx

Constant k, uniform cross-section

d dT kAc dx dx

hP(T

T )

d 2T dx
Let ( x)
2

hP (T T ) kAc

0
dT . Let m 2 dx hP , kA

d T ( x) T , then dx

Then,

d2 dx
2

m2

Solution of

d2 dx
2

m2

Linear, homogeneous, second-order differential equation with constant coefficients.

( x)

C1emx

C2e

mx

T ( x)

C1emx

C2e

mx

Need Boundary Conditions to solve for temperature distribution.

( x)

C1emx

C2e

mx

1) At base of fin, Tb = T(0).

(0)
2) At fin tip:

C1 C2

(A) Convection at the tip surface: h (B) Adiabatic tip. (C) Prescribed tip temperature (D) Infinite fin (L )
L.

L=

-kd /dx at x =L

d /dx = 0 at x =L =
L L

at x = L

= 0 at x = L

Rate of Heat Transfer from Fin Tb

qf

q qb f
qf

(Tb T )

Tb

T
b

qf

Rt , f

Rt , f depends on B.C.'s.

 Equivalent Thermal Circuit :

 Equivalent Thermal Circuit :

Effect of Surface Contact Resistance:

Example: A rod of diameter D and thermal conductivity k protrudes from a furnace wall that is at temperature Tw. The initial length of the rod, Lins, is insulated while the remainder is exposed to convective heat transfer. Assume a convective heat transfer coefficient of h and temperature T . Find an expression for the temperature of the rod at the insulation surface and the rate of heat transfer for the fin.
Tw

h, T

Tins L0

Assume tip condition is Adiabatic.

Lins

Use and electrical resistance analogy:

qf
Tw Rins = Lins/ k Ac Rfin =
b/ qf =
1 tanh mLo hPkA c

Rins

Tins

Rfin

From conservation of energy:

Tw R fin T Rins Tins T R fin Tins T R fin Tw R fin T Rins

And the rate of heat transfer for entire fin structure is given by:
qf Tw Tins Rins