Getting Started

For the examples to work we must first unlock the SCOTT account and create a directory object it can access. The directory object is only a pointer to a physical directory, creating it does not actually create the physical directory on the file system of the database server. CONN / AS SYSDBA ALTER USER scott IDENTIFIED BY tiger ACCOUNT UNLOCK; CREATE OR REPLACE DIRECTORY test_dir AS '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/'; GRANT READ, WRITE ON DIRECTORY test_dir TO scott;

Existing directories can be queried using the ALL_DIRECTORIES view. Note. Data Pump is a server-based technology, so it typically deals with directory objects pointing to physical directories on the database server. It does not write to the local file system on your client PC.

Table Exports/Imports
The TABLES parameter is used to specify the tables that are to be exported. The following is an example of the table export and import syntax. expdp scott/tiger@db10g tables=EMP,DEPT directory=TEST_DIR dumpfile=EMP_DEPT.dmp logfile=expdpEMP_DEPT.log impdp scott/tiger@db10g tables=EMP,DEPT directory=TEST_DIR dumpfile=EMP_DEPT.dmp logfile=impdpEMP_DEPT.log

For example output files see expdpEMP_DEPT.log and impdpEMP_DEPT.log. The TABLE_EXISTS_ACTION=APPEND parameter allows data to be imported into existing tables.

Schema Exports/Imports
The OWNER parameter of exp has been replaced by the SCHEMAS parameter which is used to specify the schemas to be exported. The following is an example of the schema export and import syntax. expdp scott/tiger@db10g schemas=SCOTT directory=TEST_DIR dumpfile=SCOTT.dmp logfile=expdpSCOTT.log impdp scott/tiger@db10g schemas=SCOTT directory=TEST_DIR dumpfile=SCOTT.dmp logfile=impdpSCOTT.log

For example output files see expdpSCOTT.log and impdpSCOTT.log.

Database Exports/Imports

The FULL parameter indicates that a complete database export is required. The following is an example of the full database export and import syntax. expdp system/password@db10g full=Y directory=TEST_DIR dumpfile=DB10G.dmp logfile=expdpDB10G.log impdp system/password@db10g full=Y directory=TEST_DIR dumpfile=DB10G.dmp logfile=impdpDB10G.log

For an example output file see expdpDB10G.log.

INCLUDE and EXCLUDE

The INCLUDE and EXCLUDE parameters can be used to limit the export/import to specific objects. When the INCLUDE parameter is used, only those objects specified by it will be included in the export/import. When theEXCLUDE parameter is used, all objects except those specified by it will be included in the export/import. The two parameters are mutually exclusive, so use the parameter that requires the least entries to give you the result you require. The basic syntax for both parameters is the same. INCLUDE=object_type[:name_clause] [, ...] EXCLUDE=object_type[:name_clause] [, ...]

The following code shows how they can be used as command line parameters. expdp scott/tiger@db10g schemas=SCOTT include=TABLE:"IN ('EMP', 'DEPT')" directory=TEST_DIR dumpfile=SCOTT.dmp logfile=expdpSCOTT.log expdp scott/tiger@db10g schemas=SCOTT exclude=TABLE:"= 'BONUS'" directory=TEST_DIR dumpfile=SCOTT.dmp logfile=expdpSCOTT.log

If the parameter is used from the command line, depending on your OS, the special characters in the clause may need to be escaped, as follows. Because of this, it is easier to use a parameter file. include=TABLE:\"IN (\'EMP\', \'DEPT\')\"

A single import/export can include multiple references to the parameters, so to export tables, views and some packages we could use either of the following approaches. INCLUDE=TABLE,VIEW,PACKAGE:"LIKE '%API'" or INCLUDE=TABLE INCLUDE=VIEW INCLUDE=PACKAGE:"LIKE '%API'"

Multiple objects can be targeted in once statement using the LIKE and IN operators.

EXCLUDE=SCHEMA:"LIKE 'SYS%'" EXCLUDE=SCHEMA:"IN ('OUTLN','SYSTEM','SYSMAN','FLOWS_FILES','APEX_030200','APEX_PUBLIC_USER','AN ONYMOUS')"

The valid object type paths that can be included or excluded can be displayed using the DATABASE_EXPORT_OBJECTS, SCHEMA_EXPORT_OBJECTS, and TABLE_EXPORT_OBJECTS views.

Help
The HELP=Y option displays the available parameters.
expdp expdp help=y Export: Release 10.1.0.2.0 - Production on Tuesday, 23 March, 2004 8:33 Copyright (c) 2003, Oracle. All rights reserved.

The Data Pump export utility provides a mechanism for transferring data objects between Oracle databases. The utility is invoked with the following command: Example: expdp scott/tiger DIRECTORY=dmpdir DUMPFILE=scott.dmp You can control how Export runs by entering the 'expdp' command followed by various parameters. To specify parameters, you use keywords: Format: expdp KEYWORD=value or KEYWORD=(value1,value2,...,valueN) Example: expdp scott/tiger DUMPFILE=scott.dmp DIRECTORY=dmpdir SCHEMAS=scott or TABLES=(T1:P1,T1:P2), if T1 is partitioned table USERID must be the first parameter on the command line. Keyword Description (Default) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------ATTACH Attach to existing job, e.g. ATTACH [=job name]. CONTENT Specifies data to unload where the valid keywords are: (ALL), DATA_ONLY, and METADATA_ONLY. DIRECTORY Directory object to be used for dumpfiles and logfiles. DUMPFILE List of destination dump files (expdat.dmp), e.g. DUMPFILE=scott1.dmp, scott2.dmp, dmpdir:scott3.dmp. ESTIMATE Calculate job estimates where the valid keywords are:

ESTIMATE_ONLY EXCLUDE FILESIZE FLASHBACK_SCN FLASHBACK_TIME FULL HELP INCLUDE JOB_NAME LOGFILE NETWORK_LINK NOLOGFILE PARALLEL PARFILE QUERY SCHEMAS STATUS TABLES only. TABLESPACES TRANSPORT_FULL_CHECK TRANSPORT_TABLESPACES unloaded. VERSION

(BLOCKS) and STATISTICS. Calculate job estimates without performing the export. Exclude specific object types, e.g. EXCLUDE=TABLE:EMP. Specify the size of each dumpfile in units of bytes. SCN used to set session snapshot back to. Time used to get the SCN closest to the specified time. Export entire database (N). Display Help messages (N). Include specific object types, e.g. INCLUDE=TABLE_DATA. Name of export job to create. Log file name (export.log). Name of remote database link to the source system. Do not write logfile (N). Change the number of active workers for current job. Specify parameter file. Predicate clause used to export a subset of a table. List of schemas to export (login schema). Frequency (secs) job status is to be monitored where the default (0) will show new status when available. Identifies a list of tables to export - one schema Identifies a list of tablespaces to export. Verify storage segments of all tables (N). List of tablespaces from which metadata will be Version of objects to export where valid keywords are: (COMPATIBLE), LATEST, or any valid database version.

The following commands are valid while in interactive mode. Note: abbreviations are allowed Command Description ----------------------------------------------------------------------------ADD_FILE Add dumpfile to dumpfile set. ADD_FILE=dumpfile-name CONTINUE_CLIENT Return to logging mode. Job will be re-started if idle. EXIT_CLIENT Quit client session and leave job running. HELP Summarize interactive commands. KILL_JOB Detach and delete job. PARALLEL Change the number of active workers for current job. PARALLEL=. START_JOB Start/resume current job. STATUS Frequency (secs) job status is to be monitored where the default (0) will show new status when available. STATUS=[interval] STOP_JOB Orderly shutdown of job execution and exits the client. STOP_JOB=IMMEDIATE performs an immediate shutdown of the Data Pump job.

Oracle 10g Release 2 (10.2) added the following parameters.

Keyword Description (Default)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------COMPRESSION Reduce size of dumpfile contents where valid keyword values are: (METADATA_ONLY) and NONE. ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD Password key for creating encrypted column data. SAMPLE Percentage of data to be exported; The following commands are valid while in interactive mode. Note: abbreviations are allowed Command Description ----------------------------------------------------------------------------FILESIZE Default filesize (bytes) for subsequent ADD_FILE commands.

Oracle 11g Release 1 (11.1) added the following parameters.

Keyword Description (Default) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------DATA_OPTIONS Data layer flags where the only valid value is: XML_CLOBS-write XML datatype in CLOB format ENCRYPTION Encrypt part or all of the dump file where valid keyword values are: ALL, DATA_ONLY, METADATA_ONLY, ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY, or NONE. ENCRYPTION_ALGORITHM Specify how encryption should be done where valid keyword values are: (AES128), AES192, and AES256. ENCRYPTION_MODE Method of generating encryption key where valid keyword values are: DUAL, PASSWORD, and (TRANSPARENT). REMAP_DATA Specify a data conversion function, e.g. REMAP_DATA=EMP.EMPNO:REMAPPKG.EMPNO. REUSE_DUMPFILES Overwrite destination dump file if it exists (N). TRANSPORTABLE Specify whether transportable method can be used where valid keyword values are: ALWAYS, (NEVER). The following commands are valid while in interactive mode. Note: abbreviations are allowed Command Description ----------------------------------------------------------------------------REUSE_DUMPFILES Overwrite destination dump file if it exists (N).

Oracle 11g Release 2 (11.2) altered the format of the help output as well as adding the following parameters.
CLUSTER Utilize cluster resources and distribute workers across the Oracle RAC. Valid keyword values are: [Y] and N.

SERVICE_NAME Name of an active Service and associated resource group to constrain Oracle RAC resources. SOURCE_EDITION Edition to be used for extracting metadata.

Oracle 12c Release 1 (12.1) added the following parameters.

COMPRESSION_ALGORITHM Specify the compression algorithm that should be used. Valid keyword values are: [BASIC], LOW, MEDIUM and HIGH. ENCRYPTION_PWD_PROMPT Specifies whether to prompt for the encryption password. Terminal echo will be suppressed while standard input is read. VIEWS_AS_TABLES Identifies one or more views to be exported as tables. For example, VIEWS_AS_TABLES=HR.EMP_DETAILS_VIEW. impdp impdp help=y Import: Release 10.1.0.2.0 - Production on Saturday, 11 September, 2004 17:22 Copyright (c) 2003, Oracle. All rights reserved.

The Data Pump Import utility provides a mechanism for transferring data objects between Oracle databases. The utility is invoked with the following command: Example: impdp scott/tiger DIRECTORY=dmpdir DUMPFILE=scott.dmp You can control how Import runs by entering the 'impdp' command followed by various parameters. To specify parameters, you use keywords: Format: impdp KEYWORD=value or KEYWORD=(value1,value2,...,valueN) Example: impdp scott/tiger DIRECTORY=dmpdir DUMPFILE=scott.dmp USERID must be the first parameter on the command line. Keyword Description (Default) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------ATTACH Attach to existing job, e.g. ATTACH [=job name]. CONTENT Specifies data to load where the valid keywords are: (ALL), DATA_ONLY, and METADATA_ONLY. DIRECTORY Directory object to be used for dump, log, and sql files. DUMPFILE List of dumpfiles to import from (expdat.dmp),

e.g. DUMPFILE=scott1.dmp, scott2.dmp, dmpdir:scott3.dmp. ESTIMATE EXCLUDE FLASHBACK_SCN FLASHBACK_TIME FULL HELP INCLUDE JOB_NAME LOGFILE NETWORK_LINK NOLOGFILE PARALLEL PARFILE QUERY REMAP_DATAFILE REMAP_SCHEMA REMAP_TABLESPACE REUSE_DATAFILES (N). SCHEMAS SKIP_UNUSABLE_INDEXES SQLFILE STATUS Calculate job estimates where the valid keywords are: (BLOCKS) and STATISTICS. Exclude specific object types, e.g. EXCLUDE=TABLE:EMP. SCN used to set session snapshot back to. Time used to get the SCN closest to the specified time. Import everything from source (Y). Display help messages (N). Include specific object types, e.g. INCLUDE=TABLE_DATA. Name of import job to create. Log file name (import.log). Name of remote database link to the source system. Do not write logfile. Change the number of active workers for current job. Specify parameter file. Predicate clause used to import a subset of a table. Redefine datafile references in all DDL statements. Objects from one schema are loaded into another schema. Tablespace object are remapped to another tablespace. Tablespace will be initialized if it already exists

List of schemas to import. Skip indexes that were set to the Index Unusable state. Write all the SQL DDL to a specified file. Frequency (secs) job status is to be monitored where the default (0) will show new status when available. STREAMS_CONFIGURATION Enable the loading of Streams metadata TABLE_EXISTS_ACTION Action to take if imported object already exists. Valid keywords: (SKIP), APPEND, REPLACE and TRUNCATE. TABLES Identifies a list of tables to import. TABLESPACES Identifies a list of tablespaces to import. TRANSFORM Metadata transform to apply (Y/N) to specific objects. Valid transform keywords: SEGMENT_ATTRIBUTES and STORAGE. ex. TRANSFORM=SEGMENT_ATTRIBUTES:N:TABLE. TRANSPORT_DATAFILES List of datafiles to be imported by transportable mode. TRANSPORT_FULL_CHECK Verify storage segments of all tables (N). TRANSPORT_TABLESPACES List of tablespaces from which metadata will be loaded. Only valid in NETWORK_LINK mode import operations. VERSION Version of objects to export where valid keywords are: (COMPATIBLE), LATEST, or any valid database version. Only valid for NETWORK_LINK and SQLFILE. The following commands are valid while in interactive mode. Note: abbreviations are allowed Command Description (Default)11g ----------------------------------------------------------------------------CONTINUE_CLIENT Return to logging mode. Job will be re-started if idle. EXIT_CLIENT Quit client session and leave job running. HELP Summarize interactive commands. KILL_JOB Detach and delete job. PARALLEL Change the number of active workers for current job. PARALLEL=.

START_JOB skipping STATUS

Start/resume current job. START_JOB=SKIP_CURRENT will start the job after any action which was in progress when job was stopped. Frequency (secs) job status is to be monitored where the default (0) will show new status when available. STATUS=[interval] Orderly shutdown of job execution and exits the client. STOP_JOB=IMMEDIATE performs an immediate shutdown of Data Pump job.

STOP_JOB the

Oracle 10g Release 2 (10.2) added the following parameter.

Keyword Description (Default) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD Password key for accessing encrypted column data. This parameter is not valid for network import jobs.

Oracle 11g Release 1 (11.1) added the following parameters.

Keyword Description (Default) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------DATA_OPTIONS Data layer flags where the only valid value is: SKIP_CONSTRAINT_ERRORS-constraint errors are not fatal. PARTITION_OPTIONS Specify how partitions should be transformed where the valid keywords are: DEPARTITION, MERGE and (NONE) REMAP_DATA Specify a data conversion function, e.g. REMAP_DATA=EMP.EMPNO:REMAPPKG.EMPNO

Oracle 11g Release 2 (11.2) altered the format of the help output as well as adding the following parameters.
CLUSTER Utilize cluster resources and distribute workers across the Oracle RAC. Valid keyword values are: [Y] and N. SERVICE_NAME Name of an active Service and associated resource group to constrain Oracle RAC resources. SOURCE_EDITION Edition to be used for extracting metadata. TARGET_EDITION Edition to be used for loading metadata.

Oracle 12c Release 1 (12.1) added the following parameters.

ENCRYPTION_PWD_PROMPT Specifies whether to prompt for the encryption password. Terminal echo will be suppressed while standard input is read. TRANSPORTABLE Options for choosing transportable data movement. Valid keywords are: ALWAYS and [NEVER]. Only valid in NETWORK_LINK mode import operations. VIEWS_AS_TABLES Identifies one or more views to be imported as tables. For example, VIEWS_AS_TABLES=HR.EMP_DETAILS_VIEW. Note that in network import mode, a table name may be appended to the view name.