MINNESOTA RECTIFIER BASED POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT FOR DIRECT TORQUE CONTROLLED THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

SIRAJ AHMED T1, RAFI AHMED Z2

1,2

EEE, Ghousia College of Engineering, Ramanagaram, India.

Abstract- In recent days a significant volume of research has been undertaken in the area of torque and speed control of the 3 phase Induction Motors. In this context, the Direct Torque Control (DTC) method has gained immense importance. The rectifier used at the input side is normally the conventional 3 phase uncontrolled bridge rectifier. The use of this conventional rectifier injects the third order harmonics to the lines at the input side thereby affecting the power quality technically and the electrical performance of all equipments connected to the lines.The proposed rectifier in the present work is the Minnesota rectifier which aims to improve the power quality at the utility interface for a Direct Torque Controlled Induction Motor drive. This rectifier consists of a 3 phase diode bridge rectifier, two boost converters and a zig-zag transformer. The zig-zag transformer helps to inject the compensation current which nullifies the third order harmonic currents in the lines thereby reducing the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) which in turn improves the power factor and the power quality at the input side of the rectifier. Keywords- 3 Phase diode bridge rectifier; zig-zag transformer; Minnesota rectifier; Power quality; Direct Torque Control (DTC).

I.

INTRODUCTION

power factor improves and hence the Power quality improves appreciably The simulation work carried out in this study deals with the simulation of 200Hp, Direct Torque Controlled (DTC) based 3 phase Induction Motor under (i) Conventional 3 phase diode bridge rectifier (ii) Minnesota Rectifier

In Direct Torque Controlled induction motor drives, it is possible to control directly the stator flux linkage and the electromagnetic torque by the selection of an optimum inverter switching state. The selection of the switching state is made to restrict the flux and the torque errors within their respective hysteresis bands and to obtain the fastest torque response and highest efficiency at every instant.DTC is simpler than FieldOriented Control (FOC) and less dependent on the motor model, since the stator resistance value is the only machine parameter used to estimate the stator flux. Generally in DTC controllers the conventionally used rectifier is the three phase diode bridge rectifier. The problem in such DTC controllers is power factor and THD problems in line side. Due to its inductive nature the power factor is reduced and the total harmonic distortion is also high. Thus in this study the Minnesota rectifier is replaced by the conventional 3 phase diode bridge rectifier. The Minnesota rectifier comprises of the 3 phase diode bridge rectifier, two boost converters and a zig zag transformer. The zig zag transformer injects the third order harmonic currents into the lines, these currents counteract the third order harmonic currents injected by the 3 phase diode bridge rectifier. Thus the overall effect would be such that the voltages and currents in lines are more or less purely sinusoidal, thus with the replacement of 3 phase diode bridge rectifier by the Minnesota rectifier, the Total harmonic Distortion (THD) in lines reduce , the

Fig1 In the below shown simulink model, the rectifier under operation is uncontrolled 3 phase diode bridge rectifier

II.

EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY

A .Dynamics of a DTC based induction motor drive with a 3 phase diode bridge rectifier Under this case the following waveforms are shown below a) The Stator current to the motor

International Conference on Future Trends in Electronics & Electrical Engineering, 04th August-2013, Bengaluru, ISBN: 978-93-83060-10-8 24

Minnesota Rectifier Based Power Quality Improvement for Direct Torque Controlled Three Phase Induction Motor

e) Harmonic order with Total Harmonic Distortion THD = 26.90%

Fig 2 Stator current to the motor

b) The Speed curve of the motor

Fig 6 FFT Analysis of Input current and THD when 3 phase diode bridge rectifier is used

B. In the below shown simulink model, the rectifier under operation is Minnesota Rectifier

Fig 3 Speed of the motor

Fig 7 Simulink model with Minnesota rectifier

c) The Electromagnetic torque at the output side

Under this case the following waveform and THD curve are shown below a) The input voltage and current at the input side of the motor after compensation

Fig 4 Electromagnetic torque of the motor

Fig 8 Input voltage & Current after compensation

d) The Input voltage and current at the input side of the motor

b) Harmonic order after compensation Total Harmonic Disorder THD = 9.56%

Fig 5 Input voltage & Current to motor

Fig 9 FFT analysis of Input Current & THD when Minnesota rectifier is used

International Conference on Future Trends in Electronics & Electrical Engineering, 04th August-2013, Bengaluru, ISBN: 978-93-83060-10-8 25

Minnesota Rectifier Based Power Quality Improvement for Direct Torque Controlled Three Phase Induction Motor

C. Simulink Model of Minnesota rectifier

factor also comes down. In our DTC controller also the THD and PF are relatively less, so the Minnesota rectifier is used here. Consequently the THD is reduced and the PF is improved, this altogether improves the power quality at the input side of the motor. The simulation results and discussions prove the same. REFERENCES
[1] Yu Wang and Zhiquan Deng An Integration Algorithm for Stator Flux Estimation of a Direct-Torque-Controlled Electrical Excitation Flux-Switching Generator, IEEE transactions on energy conversion, vol. 27, no. 2, June 2012. Saad Sayeef, Gilbert Foo, M. F. Rahman, Rotor Position and Speed Estimation of a Variable Structure DirectTorque-Controlled IPM Synchronous Motor Drive at Very Low Speeds Including Standstill IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, vol. 57, no. 11, November 2010. D. Telford, M. W. Dunnigan, and B. W. Williams A Novel Torque-Ripple Reduction Strategy for Direct Torque Control IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, vol. 48, no. 4, August 2001. Yen-Shin Lai, and Jian-Ho Chen, A New Approach to Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor Drives for Constant Inverter Switching Frequency and Torque Ripple Reduction IEEE transactions on energy conversion, vol. 16, no. 3, September 2001. Kuo-Kai Shyu, Li-Jen Shang, Hwang-Zhi Chen, Ko-Wen Jwo ,Flux Compensated Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor Drives for Low Speed Operation IEEE transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 19, no. 6, November 2004. Chintan Patel , Rajeevan P. P, Anubrata Dey, Rijil Ramchand, K. Gopakumar, and Marian P. Kazmierkowski, Fast Direct Torque Control of an Open-End Induction Motor Drive Using 12-Sided Polygonal Voltage Space Vectors IEEE transactions on power electronics, vol. 27, no. 1, January 2012. Yen-Shin Lai, Juo-Chiun Lin, and Jennshing Jersey Wang, Direct Torque Control Induction Motor Drives with SelfCommissioning Based on Taguchi Methodology IEEE transactions on power electronics, vol. 15, no. 6, November 2000. Shahriyar Kaboli, Esmaeel Vahdati-Khajeh, and Mohammad Reza Zolghadri, Probabilistic Voltage Harmonic Analysis of Direct Torque Controlled Induction Motor Drives IEEE transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 21, no. 4, July 2006. Cristian Lascu, Ion Boldea, and Frede Blaabjerg, Direct Torque Control of Sensorless Induction Motor Drives: A Sliding-Mode Approach, IEEE transactions on industry applications, vol. 40, no. 2, March/April 2004.

[2] Fig 10 Simulink Model of Minnesota rectifier

Minnesota Rectifier is a topology of a rectifier which will inject the error due to harmonics. Normally three-phase rectifier controller or uncontrolled produces a third order of harmonics. Due to this, losses are high here the input harmonics are reduced by injecting the current through the zig-zag transformer. Three phase inputs given to the rectifier bridge then the output of the rectifier will be a dc voltage. Dc current will be not a sinusoidal wave. To make it as sinusoidal a proposed control strategy is implemented. The input source current is given to phase locked loop to take alone the frequency. That frequency is multiplied with three that is third harmonics. This output is added with the flux the output of this adder will be connected to sine wave block which will create the sine wave. That sine wave is multiplied and minused by the Vc1 and Vc2. This output is given the hysteresis controller to generate pulses. So the output current is controlled and the zig-zag transformer injects the current to the supply which will reduce the harmonics present in the line. III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 1) The use of conventional 3 phase diode bridge rectifier induces the third order harmonics of the current in the line at the input side resulting in more THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) 2) The zig zag transformer of the Minnesota rectifier cancels the 3rd order harmonics, making the line voltage more or less sinusoidal. IV. CONCLUSIONS

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[10] Jehudi Maes, Jan A. Melkebeek, Speed-Sensorless Direct Torque Control of Induction Motors Using an Adaptive Flux Observer IEEE transactions on industry applications, vol. 36, no. 3, May June 2000. [11] Gilbert Foo, Student Member and M. F. Rahman, Senior Member, Sensorless Direct Torque and Flux-Controlled IPM Synchronous Motor Drive at Very Low Speed Without Signal Injection , IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, vol. 57, no. 1, January 2010. [12] E.G.Strangas , H.K.Khali1, B.Aloliwi, L. Lauhinger, Department of Electrical Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48823, USA and J.M.Miller Ford Motor Co.Vehicle Electronics Systems Department

The conventional rectifier is used in many of the applications but it gives more Total Harmonic Distortion in the line side, due to which the power

International Conference on Future Trends in Electronics & Electrical Engineering, 04th August-2013, Bengaluru, ISBN: 978-93-83060-10-8 26

Minnesota Rectifier Based Power Quality Improvement for Direct Torque Controlled Three Phase Induction Motor Dearborn, MI 48121, USA, A Robust Torque Controller for Induction Motors Without Rotor Position Sensor: Analysis and Experimental Results , IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 14, No. 4, December 1999. [13] Yong Liu, Z. Q. Zhu, and David Howe, Direct Torque Control of Brushless DC Drives With Reduced Torque Ripple IEEE transactions on industry applications, vol. 41, no. 2, March/April 2005. [14] Bhim Singh, Brij N. Singh, Ambrish Chandra, Kamal AlHaddad, Ashish Pandey and Dwarka P. Kothari A Review of Three-Phase Improved Power Quality ACDC Converters, IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, vol. 51, no. 3, June 2004. [15] Predrag Pejovic, Three Phase Diode Rectifiers with Low Harmonics Current Injection Methods , 2007 Hardcover, ISBN : 978-0-387-29310-3.

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