06 Hotv.

>,(ng and BHRC

UJtban Deveiopment
Veput.y o 6 LJ)f.ban P la.n.n{.ng
and AJr.c.h,(tec.twr.e.
BMeau 06 Stud{.v.; an.d
CoMtitu.tion 06 AJtc.h-<.tec.tMe
Building and Housing Research Center
IRANIAN BUILDING CODE SERIES

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Publication No. 82
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IRANIAN CODE FOR SEISMIC
RESISTANT DESIGN
OF BUILDINGS
JJ.:it . ed . Fe.b . 1988
2nd . ed. Oc.t . 7990
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TABLE Of CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1. G E l ~ E R L
1.1. Objective
1. 2.
Scope of application
1. 3. General criteria
1.4. Recommendations for design
1. 5. Classificatiori of buildings according to their i mportance
1.6. Classification of buildings according to configur ation
CHAPTER 2. SEISMIC RESISTANT DESIGN OF BUILDINGS
2 .1. General
2.2. Live Load
2.3. Seismic resistant design methods
2.3.1.Design of regular buildings
2.3.2.Design of irregular buildings
2.4. Equivalent static analysis method
2.4.1.Base shear force
?..4 . 2.Design base acceleration ( A )
2.4.3. Response coefficient of the building ( B )
2.4.4. Classification of soil types
2.4.5. Fundamental period of vibration ( T )
Page
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7
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10
10
1 2
1 3
2.4.6. Impartance factor of the building (I) 13
2.4.7. Behavior coefficient of the building (R) 14
2.4.8. Vertical distribution of seismic lateral forces 15
2.4.9. Horizontal distibution of shear force 16
2.4.10.Torsional moment caused by lateral forces 16
2.4.11.0verturning 17
2.4.12.Storey dri.ft 17
2.4.13 . Seismic lateral forces on building components and added portions 17
2.4.14.Vertical component of seismic force 18
2.5. Pseudo-dynamic analysis method ( with the use of modal analysis 19
and design response spectrum)
2. 5. 1 . General 1 9
2.5.2. Number of modes of vibration 19
2 . 5 . 3 . Ba s e she a r force i n each mode of v i bra t i on 1 9
2.5.4. Distribution of base .shear force in the height of buil'ding 20
2.5.5. Maximum effect of each mode and their combination 20
2.5.6. Torsion,overturning, storey drift 21
2.6. Dynamic analysis method ( with the use of accelerograms ) 21
2.6.1. General 21
2.6.2. Use of accelerograms 22
2.7. Non-building structures (water tanks,silos,chimneys and other 22
2.8.
3.1.
3.2.
similar structures )
Combination of seismic force with other forces- design stresses
CHAPTER 3. UNREINFORCED MASONRY BUILDINGS
Definition
Limitation in height and number of storeys in the building
24
25
25
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)
3.3. The plan of the building
3.4. Vertical section of the building
3.5. Openings ( doors, windows , cupboards )
3.6. Bearing walls
3.7. Non-bearing walls
3. 8. Parapets and chimneys
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27
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29
30
32
3.9. Tie beams 32
3.9.1. Horizontal.tie beams 32
3.9.2. Vertical tie beams 33
3.9.3. Tie beams of gable walls 35
3.10. Execution of masonry walls 37
3 . 11 Floors 3 8
3.11.1.Materials for floors 38
3.11.2.Connection of floor to supports 38
3.11.3.Wholeness and solidity of floors 39
3.11.4.Suspended ceilings 40
3.11.5.Arch roofs 40
3.12. Construction of facades 41
Appendix A Classification of seismic relative hazard in cities and 43
other important districts of Iran
Appendix B . Details of reinforcement and dimensions for reinforced 47
concrete frames with intermediate ductility
Appendix C Fundamental period of vibration of inverted pendulums, 50
towers , chimneys and other similar structures
Appendix D . Corrected digitized acce 1 erograms of the Ta bas ( I ran ) 5 3
Earthquake of 16th September 1978 and the a g ~ a n ( Iran )
Earthquake of 6th April 1977
CHAPTER 1. GENERAL
1 .1. OBJECT !VE
The purpose of this code is to determine the minimum criteria and regula-
tions for the design and construction of buildings capable of withstanding
seismic effects so that
a)By keeping the stability of buildings, loss of life shall be reduced to
minimum .
b)Important buildings shall remain usable during the earthquake and after
it .
with the observance of this code it is expected that the buildings
constructed will be capable of resisting earthquakes of an intensity of
up to VII degrees by the Modified Mercalli scale without any structural
damage , and more sever earthquakes ( of up to IX degrees ) without co-
llapsing
1.2. SCOPE OF APPLICATION
1.2 . 1.This code is applicable for the design and construction of buildings in
reinforced concrete , steel , wood and masonry .
1. 2.2.The following structures are not subject to the present code :
a) Special structures like dams,bridges ,Jetties, marine and off shore
structures,nuclear power plants.
In design of such special structures special criteria and regula -
tions shall have to be observed to counter the effects of earthquake,
but in any case the design base acceleration adopted for any particular
re9ion shall not be less than that specified in this code. Unle'ss spe-
cial study on the seismicity of the region is made at the structure's
site in which case the result of the study shall be taken_as a basis
provided that the design base acceleration is not less than of
the values specified in this code .
b)Traditional Buildi ng s Constructed with Adobe .
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These buildings have little resistance against earthquake and their
construction should in general be discontinued . If it becomes unavoida-
ble to construct buildings of this type , they will have to be constructed
in accordance with special technical instructions and by making use of
some res istant elements in ti mber , and /or steel , and/or concrete and/or
comb ina tion of these materials in such a manner as to render the build-
ings relatively safe and resistant to earthquake
1.2.3 . Reinforced masonry buildings in which masonry materials are used for
and steel bars for tension , shall fall under the provi-
si ons of Chapter 2 of this code .The structural design of this type
of buildings, so long as no special regulations are made for them,
should conform to approved regulations of some other country.railing
this,the criteria and regulations relating to unreinforced masonry ,
which appear in Chapter 3 of the present code , shall a1so be applied
to these buildings .
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.2 . 4. Generally , construction of buildings in the vicinity of faults should be
avoided . When this can not be avoided , apart from the observance of the
provisions this code, the destructive effects of the proximity of the
fault should also be taken into consideration .
. 2.5. It is not allowed to construct buildings on unstable grond .
By unstable ground are meant grounds in which there is likelyhood of sub-
sidence , sliding and or liquefaction as a result of earthquake .
3. GENERAL CRITERIA
In design and construction of buildings the following criteria shall
be observed
a)All bearing elements of the building shall be suitably tied to one anoth-
er in such a manner that the various elements shall not be disjoined
when earthquake occurs and the building shall behave as a unit In the
case of the floor particularly, apart from solidly tying it with the vertical
bearing elements - frame and or walls -should also act as a diaphragm and
transmit the seismic forces to the vertical elements .
b)The building must be capable of withstanding the horizontal forces causing
by earthquakes in two orthogonal directions , and in each one of these direc-
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1 .
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tions the transmission of the horizontal forces to the frame must be affected
in a suitable manner
c)To prevent or reduce damagQ and destruction caused by the pounding from
adjoining buildings , the buildings with a height of over 12 meters , or
more than 4 storeys , shall be separated from each other by separation joints.
d)The minimum width of separation joints at the level of each storey shall be
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equal to lOU of the height of that storey from the foundation. The joints may
be filled where necessary , with some low - strength ma terials which will
easily at the time of earthquake as a result of impact of the two
buildings .
,4. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DESIGN
It is recommended to observe the following conditions in the design
of buildings :
a)The plan of the building should be simple,symmetrical in both directions,
without too many protrusions and recesses .
Asymmetrical change of the plan in the height of the building are to be
avoided .
b)Elements su ppor ting vertical l oads on different stor eys sho uld be placed
on one another so that the t ransmission of loads of these elements to one
another will not take place through the horizontal elements .
c)Elements the horizontal forces due to earthquake should be
designed in such a manner that transmission of forces towards the founda-
tion takes place directly , and elements acting together find themselves
on the same vertical plane .
d)To reduce the torsional forces due to earthquake, the centre of mass of
each storey and the centre of rigidity of that storey should coincide,or
their distances in each one of the directions of the building should be
less than 5% of the dimension of the building in that direction .
e)Construction of cantilevers more than 1.5 meters in length should be
avoided
f)Placing of building elements, installations and heavy loads on the cantil-
evers , slender elements and large spans should be avoided
g)Heavy loads and installations should not be placed on the upper storeys,
so that the cent re of mass of the building may be located at as low as
possible .
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h)By using high strength structural materials and light weight non-structural
materials , the weight of the building should be reduced to mini mum .
i)The building should be so designed that it should have high ductility.
j)The building should be so designed that the vertical elements (columns)are
damaged after the horizontal elements ( beams ) .
. CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS ACCORDING TO THEIR
IMPORTANCE
In this code , buildings , from the viewpoint of their importance ,
are di vided into three groups :
GROUP 1 - Buildings of great importance
This group comprises four sub-groups , as follows
a)Buildings which, if destroyed , will result in great loss of life,such as
schools , mosques stadid ,cinemas,theatres,large department stores,tra-
vel terminals and generally, confined spaces where more than 300 people
are assembled.
b)Buildings whose serviceability after occurrence of earthquake is of special
importance and whose destruction indirectly increase the number of victims
and the amount'of damage in the earthquake-striken area, such as hospitals,
dispensaries , fire-fighting stations, water supply centres , power stations
and power transmission installations, coITTTiunications, radio and television
centres,police and rescue stations and generally , all buildings of which
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the use is effective in giving assistance and saving people's lives.
c)Buildings whose destrction will involve loss of national wealth, like muse-
ums, libraries and other institutions and centres where national and other
valuable documents are being kept .
d)Buildings and industrial plants and installations whose destruction will cause
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extensive air pollution or fire , like oil refineries, fuel storage tanks and l.t
gas supply centres .
GROUP 2 . Buildings of Average Importance :
In this group are included buildings whose destruction will cause
considerable damage and loss of life , such as residential, administrative
and cormiercial buildings, hotels, warehouses and those of industrial buildings
whichare not included in group 1 .
4
GROUP 3 . Buildings of lesser importance :
This group includes two sub-groups
a) Buildings likely to cause little damage or loss of life if destroyed such
as forage stores .
b) Temprory buildings designed for a period of operation of less than 2 years.
1.6. CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS ACCORDING TO CONFIGURATION
}.6.1. Buildings are divided into two groups: Regular and Irregular.
a)Regular buildings: Regular buildings are those in which all the character-
istics stated in section 1.6 . 2. are presence .
b) Irregular buildings:Buildings which are lacki ng in any one or several of the
particulars mentioned in sectionsl.6 . 2.1 and 1.6.2.2 shall be considered as
irregular .
1.6.2. Characteristics of Regular Buildings
1. 6.2 . 1.Regularity in plan
a)The plan of the building has a generall v symmetr ical or approxi mately symm-
etrical configuration in the main axes of the building in which, usually,the
seismic resistant elemets lie in these axes directions and, if there are
recesses , the size of the recess on that length does not exceed 25% of the

outside dimensions of the building in that direction .
b)ln each storey, the distance between the centre of mass and the centre of
rigidity in each of the two perpendicular directions of the building does
not exceed 20% of the dimension of the building in that direction .
.. 6.2.2.Regularity in elevation
a)When the distribution of the mass in the elevation of the building is appro-
ximately uniform so that the mass of none of the storeys presents a va r iation
of more than 50% in comparison with the mass immediately below or above it
(with the exception of the attic )
b)Lateral ri gidity in each storey , first ,is not reduced by more than 30% in
relation to the lateral rigidity in the three storeys below .
c..
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CHAPTER 2. SEISI MIC RESISTANT DESIGN OF
BUI LDINGS
2.1.GENERAL
2. 1. 1.All buildings subject to this code, with the exception of buildi ngs which
are constructed with masonry materia l s and in the construction of which
the provisions of Chapter 3 of the present code are observed , shall be
designed in accordance with the criteria set forth in this Chapter
2.1.2.Design of a building against- earthquake and wind forces shall be m ~ e
separately , and the effect of whichever of these forces is greater ,shall
be taken into account as a basis .
2.1.3.In the aseismic design of the buildings only the horizontal component of
the seismic force shall be considered and the vertical component shall not
be taken into account except in the cases stated in section 2.4 . 14.
2. 1. 4. Calculations for lateral forces shall be made in two perpendicular direc-
tions . In a general manner , calculations in each one of these two dire-
ctions , with the exception of the buildings specified in section 2. 6. 1,
shall be made separately , i . e. without taking into account the seismic
forces brought in the other direction
2.1.5. The seismic forces in each one of the main directions of the building shal
be considered back and forth .
2. 1.6. lateral forces are to be resisted by elements such as shear walls,bracings
moment resisting frames and /or a combination of these elements .
2.1 . 7. In buildings of more than 15 storeys or 50 meters in height , constructior
of moment resisting frame , capable of resisting at least 25% of the
lateral forces , is obligatory. In the design of such buildings it must
not be solely relied on shear walls or bracings for resistance to total
lateral forces .
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2.2. LIVE LOADS
The live load which is taken into consideration for the calculation of
the seismic lateral forces shall be a percentage of the amount of live
load allowed in accordance with the building regulations in the calcu-
lation of vertical load , as per Table 1.
Table 1. Live load percentage
location of live load
Percentage of live load
Inclined roofs with a s 1 ope of 20% and more* 0
Flat roofs or roof s with a slope of less than 2 ~
20
Residential and administrative buildings,hotels
20
Hospitals,schools,supermarkets and assembly
buildings
40
Warehouses and 1 ibraries
60
Reserviors of water and other liquids 100
* If there is little likelihood of the snow being retained on the roof .
Other wise these roofs are to be considered as flat roofs .
.
2.3. SEISMIC RESISTANT DESIGN METHODS
Three design methods are shown in this Code, as follows :
a) Equivalent static analysis method
b) Pseudo - dynamic analysis method (with the use of modal analysis and
design response spectrum )
c) Dynamic analysis method ( with the use of accelerograms )
Depending on building's configuration the design method for each building
shall be selected in accordance with the contents of sections 2.3.1 and
2.3.2.
2.3.1.Design of Regular Buildings
Regular buildings can be designed by the equivalent static analysis
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M ttrM m'asr:S:=m
method provided their height do not exceed 80 meters . Regular buildings
higher than 80 meters shall be designed by the pseudo-dynamic analysis
method and/or dynamic analysis method .
2.3.2. Design of Irregular Buildings
Irregular buildings can be designed by the equivalent static analysis
method provided thier height do not exceed 18 meters and the number of
storeys are not more than 5.This method is not adequate for the design of
irregular buildings which have more than 18 meters in height or more than 5
storeys.Such buildings,if they are regular in plan but irregular in elevation
shall be designed by either the pseudo-dynamic analysis method or the
dynamic analysis method , and if they are irregular in plan(irrespective
of whether or not they are regular in elevation }, they must be designed
exclusively by the dynamic analysis method
2.4. EQUIVALENT STATIC ANALYSIS METHOD
In this method , the seismic lateral force is determined on the basis
of the fundamental period of vibration of the building and with the use of
the design response spectrum
2.4.1. Base Shear Force
The minimum base shear force in each one of the directions of a building
is calculated by Relation (2-1):
V = CW
( 2-1 )
where
V= Base shear force (total seismic lateral forces in direction under consi-
deration)
W= Total weight of the building (total dead load and weight of fixed insta-
1 lations ) plus some of the live load specified in section 2.2.
C= Seismic coefficient obtained from Relation (2-2):
C
_ ABI
- ---rr
9
2-2 )
where
A= Design base acceleration ( in relation to gravity acceleration g).
B= Response crefficient of the building obtained from the design response
spectrum
I= Importance 0f the building.
R= Behavior coefficient of the building
The C value adopted shall in no casE be less than 10% of the design base
acceleration .
. 4.2. Design Base Acceleration (A)
The design base acceleration for different regions of the country is deter-
mined as fullows :
Region
1
2
3
Description
High seismic relative hazard
Intermediate seismic relative hazard
Low seismic relative hazard
The above three regions are shown in appendix A .
. 4.3. Response Coefficient of the Building (B)
Design
Base Acceleration
0.35
0.25
0.20
The response of the building which shows the building's response
in relation to the design base acceleration, is determined in accordance
with Relation(2-3):
B = 2.0 (
where
To
T
2/3
)
(2-3)
T= Fundamental natural period of vibration of the building in seconds ,
mentioned in section 2.4.5.
To= Figure which is given in the Table below , according to the type of
soil .
10
--
l
i
01
c:
......
"
......
......
='
..0
'+-
0
+.J
c:
di
......
u
Sl
......
'+-
'+-
di
0
u
di
Vl
c
0
c..
Vl
<ll
a::
I
co
0
0
Soil classification
according to section 2.4.4
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I I I
IV
To
---
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.7
The maximum value of B is taken to be equal to 2.0 and the mfnimum to
0.6.
The values of the design response spectrum for the four types of soil
giv6'<1 in the above Table, are shown in Figure 1.
Soi 1 typ-e
Soi 1 type I I
Soi 1 type II I
Soil type IV
1.0
2.0
3.0
T-Period of vibration in seconds
Figure i.Design response spectrum for the types of soil
specified in section 2.4.4
1 1
4.Q
2.4.4.Classificati on of Soil Types
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Soi l
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Type
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II
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The t ypes of soil me nt ioned in secti on 2. 4.3 are described i n Ta ble 2 .
Table 2. Soil Types
Description
a) Igneous rocks (Course and fine grained texture), hard and st iff
sedi mentary rocks and massive metamorphic rocks ( Gneisses-crystall ine
silicate rocks ) .
b) Conglomerate beds , compact sand and gravel and stiff clay( Argillite )
beds up to 60 me t ers from the bed rock.
a) Loose igneous rocks (such as tuff), friable sedi mentary rocks ,
foliated metamorphic rocks and the rocks which ha ve been loosened by
weathering .
b) Conglomerate beds , compact sand and gravel and stiff clay(Argillite)
beds where the soil thickness exceeds 60 meters from t he bed rock.
a) Rocks which have been disintegrated by weathering
b) Beds of gravel and sand with weak cementation and /or uncemented
unindurated clay ( clay stone ) where the soil thickness is less
10 meters from the bed rock.
than
~ ~ ~ - - ~ - - - - - - ~ ~ - - - - ~ ~ - ~ ~ - - - ~ ~ ~ ~ - - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - - ~ ~ ~ ~ - - ~ -
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IV
a)Soft and wet depos its resulted from high level of water ta bl e .
b) Gravel and sand beds with weak cementation and / or uncemented ,
unindurated clay ( clay stone ) where the soil thickness exceeds
10 meters from the bed rock .
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If there is doubt as to the conformity of the soil at construction site
with the specifications of any of the soil types in the above Table,the
type chosen shall be the one that offers a greater response coefficient.
2.4.5.Fundamental Period of Vibration (T)
The fundamental period of vibration , depending on the characteristics
of the building, is determined with the use of empirical Relations(2-4),
(2-5)and(2-6) :
a) Generally, for all buildings with the exception of cases stated in
paragraph (b)
H
T = 0 .09
Vo
( 2-4 )
3/ 4
If the value obtained from relation (2-4) is greater than 0.0611 , the
latter shall be taken as the fundamental period of vibration .
b)For buildings with moment resisting frames , if other building elements do
not creat ao obstacle to the movement of the building frame:
3/4
(i) For Steel Frames T=0.08H (2-5)
3/4
(ii) For Reinforced Concrete Frames T=0.07H (2-5)
In the above relations His the height of the building from the base level,
and D is the dimension of the building in the direction under consideration,
both in meters .
Instead of using the empirical relations , the fundamental period of
vibrations of the building can be calculated by using the dynamic analysis
method on the basis of the characteristics of the structure and the defor -
mation of its resisting elements but in any case the fundamental period
adopted shall not be more than 1.25 times the period obtained by the relatins
empirical relations .
2. 4.6.Importance Factor of the Building (I)
The importance factor of the building is determined in accordance with the
classification given in section 1.5, as follows :
Building Classification
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
1 3
Importance Factor
1. 2
1.0
0. 8
2.4. 7. Behavior Coefficient of the Building (R)
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The behavjor coefficient of the building represents the building's
capability to absorb energy, and reflects numerous factors including
materials.damping , type of structure and ductility capacity of the
building, as given in Table 3 .
Table 3. Behavior Coefficient of Building
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System of Structure
Bearing Walls System: in which the
walls support all or the most parts
of the vertical loads,and resistance
to seismic lateral force is provided
by shear walls.
Simple Space Frame System: fn which
the space frame with simple connections
supports all vertical loads, and
resistance to seismic lateral forces is
provided by shear walls or bracings.
Moment Resisting Space Frame System :
in which the space frame,alone,supports
a 11 vertical loads and seismic lateral
forces (whi'thout shea; walls or bracings).
Lateral Force Resisting System
a) Reinforced concrete shear walls
b) Reinforced masonry shear walls
a) Reinforced concrete shear walls
b) Bracfngs
c) Reinforced masonry shear walls
a) Steel moment resisting space
frame
b) Reinforced concrete monent resis-
ting space frame
R
5
4
7
7
5
6

5
4 :combined System of Moment Resisting Space a) Moment Resisting frametre1nforced B
Frame and Shear Walls or Bracings : In
this system the space frame supports the
vertical ~ o a d s a ~ d resistance to seismic
lateral forces is provided jointly by
the space frame and the shear walls or
by the space frame and the bracings
The seismic lateral forces are .distributed
between the space frame and the shear walls
pr between the space frame and the bracings
in proportion to their rigidities but in
any case the frame alone should be capable
of supporting at least 25% of the seismic
lateral forces""
concrete shear walls
b) Moment resisting frame+ bracings 8
1 4
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* If the criteria of intermediate ductility stated in Appendix B .
are observed, a coefficient of 6 may be adopted
**In buildings of up to 8 storeys or shorter than 30 meters, 100 percent
of the seismic lateral forces can be supported by shear walls and bra-
cings , by doing so,comparison of rigidities of the resisting elements
may be neglected provided that frames are capable of resisting at least
30 percent of the seismic lateral forces .
1.If the building have a high ductility according to the crit-
eria of a different code, the behavior coefficient (R) can be
taken as_ 8 the system mentioned under i tern 3 and as 10, for
the system mentioned under item 4 . So long as the said code
has not been prepared and , the criteria of high duc-
tility may be taken from some valid code .
REMARK 2.Use of flat slabs and flat as a system mentioned under
item 3 , is permitted exclusively in 3 storey buildings or
shorter than 10 meters . If the building exceeds this limit,
this system can only be used if resistance to seismic lateral
force is provided by shear walls or bracings
2.4.8. Ve r tical Distribution of Seismic Lateral Forces
The base shear force calculated as per section 2.4.1 is distributed
over the height of the building in accordance with Relation (2-7):
in which
w. h .
l l
n
2= w. h.
J=l J J
Fi = La t era 1 force at 1eve1 i ,
( 2-7)
w;= Weight of the level i i nc luding weight of the Floor and its live
load according to section 2. 2, one-half of the wei ght of walls
and of the columns situated above and below the floor.
hi= Height of level i from bas e l evel.
n = Number of storeys
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Ft= Additi onal lateral force at the level of the nth storey of the
buildi ng which is determined by means of Relation (2-8):
(2-8)
Maximum force Ft is taken to be equal to 0.25V and if T is equal
to 0.7 seconds or less, Ft may be taken as zero
2.4.9. Horizontal Di stribution of Shear Force
In each storey, the shear f orce shall be distributed to the various
elements of t he vertical lateral force resisting system in propor.tion
to their rigidities .
2.4.10.Torsional Moment Caused by Lateral Forces
2.4.10.1.All buildings, with the exception of those metioned in section 2.4.10 . 2
shall be calculated against the effects of the tors ional moment
according to this section . The torsional moment in storey i is obtained
from Relation (2-9) :
(2-9) .
where
e . . = Horizontal distance between centre of rigidity in storey i and
1J
centre of mass at level j.
Fj =Lateral force at level j.
Ta = Accidental torsional moment which is considered to take into acount
the probable of accidental changes in the distribution of the mass.
This moment shall be taken in both directions and at least equal to
the product of the shear force in storey i and 5% of the dimension
of the building in the same storey in the direction perpendicular
to the lateral force
Each of the elements must be calculated for the torsional moment
which creats the most sever loading in that element .
: 2.4.10.2.In
the case of buildings having 5 storeys or less with a maximum height
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of 18 meters, if the horizontal distance between the centre of mass of
the higher storeys in relation to the centre of rigidity of each storey
is less than 5% of the dimension of the building in that storey in the
direction perpendicular to the lateral force, calculation against the
torsional moment is not obligatory. Otherwise the building shall be des-
igned for torsion but the accidental torsional moment in such buildings
may be disregarded
2. 4.11. Overturning
The buildi ng must be stable against overturning . The overturning
moment at level of the base caused by the seismic lateral forces
is equal to the sum of product of the lateral force at each level
L and the height of that level in relation to the foundation - soil
interface of the building .
i
Factor of safty against overturning (relation of resisting moment
to the overturning moment) shall be at least equal to 1.7.5 .I.n
the calculation of the resisting moment the equilibrium load is
equal to the vertical load which is used to determine the lateral
force , and the weight of the foundation and of the back fill on
it is added to it .
2.4 . 12. Storey Drift
lateral displacement at each level of the building in relation to
the upper or the lower level, which is calculated by taking into account
the lateral forces jointly with the torsional momer.t, shall not exceed
0. 005 of the height of the building.
2.4.13. Seismic lateral Force on Building Components and Added Portions
Building components and portions added to the building shall be
desi gned against the later al force which is obtained from Relation
(2-10) :
(2-10 )
in wh i ch A and I are the values stated in sections 2. 4.2 and 2.4.6
respectively,which ha ve been used for the design of the en tire
building. WP is the we i gh t of t he buil ding component or
added part and porti on under consi derat i on .In tanks and
racks ?f warehouses and libra r ies Wp,in add ition to the
.. .
of the
s t orage
dead
l
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j
I
,_
~
I
I
load, shall also include their contents when completely full.
BP is the coefficient given in Table 4 .
Table 4. B values
p
Building Components or Added Portions Direction of Horizontal force
Outer and inner walls of the building, Perpendicular to wall surf ace
and rartition walls
Parapets and cantilever walls Perpendicular to wa 11 surf ace
Outside and inside ornamental elements Any direction
or components of the building
Reservoirs ,towers,chimneys,machinery Any direction
and equipment if attached to the buil-
ding or made part of it,and suspended
ceilings
Connections of prefabricated structural Any direction
elements
REMARK For building components constructed in masonry and sand - e m e n ~
m.ortar, the tensile stress of up to 15 percent of the compre-
ssive strength stated in section 10.5.1 of Standard No.519 of
Iran should be taken into account in calculations .
2.4.14. Vertical Component of Seismic Force
BP
0. 7
2.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
For cantilevered balconies and projections of the building the vertical
component of the seismic force shall also be considered . The vertical
component for these elements shall be determined by Relation (2-11):
in which
F =
v
2AI
Rv
( 2-11)
A and I are the values stated in section 2.4.2 and 2.4.6 which are
considered for the calculation of the base shear force .
l
L
n 1 GFffim o sa t m rtetrw
-
r a sttz cm
:-
,'' -. ' . '
. ..., ""
' J
Wp =- Dead load plus total live load . \ /,/'
Rv = Coefficient of energy absorbtion which shall be to
2.4 for cantilevers with steel beams , and as equal to 2.0 for reinfor-
ced concrete elements .
The vertical seismic force shall be considered back and forth,i.e. in
both directions of the vertical component .
2.5. PSEUDO-DYNAMIC ANALYSIS METHOD (WITH THE USE or MODAL
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN RESPONES SPECTRUM).
2. 5. 1. General
In this method , the effect of each mode is determined by taking
into consideration the period of vibration of various modes of the buil-
ding and by making use of the design response spectrum.Then these maximum
effects are combined to obtain the required response in the building . rn
this Code , use of the modal analysis is made possible in respect of those
buildings which in two perpendicular directions have re lativel y independent
modes,i.e.the modes of vibration in each one of those directions is possible
without motion component in the other direction. In genera l this condition
is applicable to buildings which are generally regular or buildings which
are regular in plan but irregular in elevation . These buildings shall be
analyzed separately in each one of the perpendicular directions,by taking
into acount the vibration modes of that direction .
I 2. 5.2. Number of Modes of Vibration
-'
In each one of the perpendicular directions at least the first three modes
of vibration , or all the modes of vibration with a period of mor e than 0.4
seconds - which ever is greater- shall be taken into consideration .
2.5.3. Base Shear Force in each Mode of Vibration
After determining the period and shape of the various modes of vibration(by
dynamic analysis of a model which resembles as cl osely as possible to the
dynamic properties of the bui l ding ) . The base shea r force shall be obtai-
ned wit h the use of the following Re lati ons :
19
t
I
I
v = c
m m
Wm
(2-12)
r
ABm (2-13)
'"'m
=
R
2/3
Bm
2. 0( To )
=
(2-14)
Tm
n
2
L_ w. a.
J Jm
j=l
w = (2-15)
m
n
2
~
w. a .
J=l
J
Jm
in which
Vm =Base shear force in mode m,
Cm =Seismic coefficient in mode m ,
Wm =Effective weight of building in mode m ,
Bm =Response coefficient of building in modem ,
Tm =Period of vibration in mode m ,
ajm=Displacement of level j in mode m ,
wj =Weight of level j
A,l,R,To = The same values stated in section 2. 4.
2.5.4.Distributio,n of Base Shear Force in the Height of Building
h ~ l a t e ~ a l force at level
by the following'Relations
and in modes of vibration m is determined
F;m = C;m Vm
(2-16)
Wim
aim
c. =
im
n
(2-17)
L wj a jm
j=l
?.5.5.Maximum Effect of each Mode and their Combination
By using the base shear force and its distribution in the height of the
building , the required responses in each mode ( like shear, moment,
displacement etc .), are obtained .The value of each response in various
20
modes shall be combined with each other, and the building shall be designed
against the joint effect of the modes.
In this Code, the combination of joint effect of the modes is taken to be
equal to square root of the sum of squdres of the maximum effect of each
mode. If the total base shear force obtained in this manner by combining
the base shear force of the modes is less than the value which is obtained
in accordance with section 2.4.1, the latter value shall be taken as the
total base shear force and the other responses which have been calculated
in each mode shall also be increased in the same proportion .
2.5.6.Torsion , Overturning , Storey Drift
Design of the building against torsion , overturning mome nt, and control
of storey drift shall be made in the manner stated in section 2.4.10
2.4. 11 and 2.4.12. The seismic lateral force for the building members and
shall be considered in accordance with section 2.4.13, and the
seismic vertical componen t ,in accordance with section 2.4.14 . .
2.6.DYNAMIC ANALYSIS METHOD (WITH THE USE OF ACCELEROGRAMS)
2.6.1.General
ThP. dynamic analysis method (Time history calculation of responses of the
building under the influence of actual earthquake accelerogram ) may be
applied to all buildings. Generally,in the case of buildings which are
perfectly regular or buildings which are regular in height,if this method
is to be used it can be applied separately in the two perpendicular dire-
ctions However, if the building is irregular in plan to such an extent
that its vibrations in some or in all modes mainly take place jointly in
two perpendicular directions , i.e. if the building has modes of vibra-
tion in which movement in one direction takes place together with movement
in a direction perpendicular to that direction , in such a case ,in order
to take into account this joint movement, the buildings must be designed
by the dynamic analysis method ,with the use of a three dimensional model.
21
2.6.2.Use of Accelerograms
In the dynamic analysis method, the building must be subjected to the direct
influence of the horizontal components of the accelerogr am of each one of
the two earthquakes ment ioned below which are chosen as basic earthqua kes
these components have a higher maximum accelerati on between the two
recorded horizontal components of each accelerogram ):
1- The Tabas (Iran) Earthqua ke of 16th September 1978
2- The Naghan ( Iran ) Eart hquake of 6th April 1977
~ d in the case of each response ,whichever of these two earthquakes has a
greater effect ,shall be taken as a basis for design.
The corrected digitized accelerograms of the two earthquakes mentioned above
are given in Appendix D.
if at any future time an earthquake occurs with a max i mum horizontal accele-
ration of more than 50% gravity acceleration and is declared by the Building
and Housing Research Centre as basic earthquake, and the corrected digitized
accelerograms are published, the effects of that earthquake on the building
shall also have to be considered.
2.7.NON-BUILDINGS STRUCTURES (WATER TANKS, SILOS,
CHIMNEYS AND OTHER SIMILAR STRUCTURES)
2.7.1.Structures of this type which have similar structural systems to the
systems stated in Table 1 shall include in the regulations of section
2.3 of this code .
2.7.2.Seismic lateral forces affecting these types of structures if not
included in sections 2.7.1 and 2.7.3, shall be determined by using
one of the methods stated in section 2.3 and with the observance of
the following regulations :
a)Period of vibration of these structures shall be determined by using
dynamic analysis method .Fundamenta l period of vibration of inverted
pendulum, towers and chimneys shall be obtained using the relations
22
I l
stated in Appendix C .
b)lf fundamental period of vibration of these structures exceeds 0.5
seconds, use of pseudo-dynamic method is obligatory.
c)The behavior coefficient R for these structures shall be determined
according to Table 5. The ratio -i- shall not be less than 0.5.
d)Structures of which the fundamental period of vibration is less than
0.06 seconds are considered as rigid and their B value shall be
R
0.5.
e)Lateral force distribution in the height of these structures,depen-
ding upon the case , shall be done by the method stated in section
2.4.8 and /or section 2.5.3.
f)The drift limitations,subject to section 2.4.12 is not observed in
the case Qf these structures unless structures' damage and/or its
.
non-structural factors involve loss of life .
l 2.7.3.Seismic lateral forces affecting ground or underground tanks shall
be determined by the use of one of the following methods
L a)These structures are considered as rigid and regulation of section
2.7.2. shall be observed with regard to them. In determining the
I seismic lateral forces,the total weight of the fluid contained in
l
the tank and its own weight shall be included in the calculation of w.
b)The behavior of these structures is determined by using a known dyn-
ami c analysis method in which the motion of the fluid contained in
the tank i s considered at the time of earthquake, and seismic lateral
forces are determined by taking into account the design response
spectrum and design base acceleration stated in this code .
23
Table 5. Behavior coefficient (R)
I e ~ Type of Structure R
1 Structures which have similar behavior to inverted pendul um ,aerial 2.5
tanks on braced or unbraced legs
2 Sil os,chi mneys,cooling t owe r s and generally, dist r ibuted ~ s s can-
tilever structures which have si milar behavior to vert i cal cantil-
evers .
3 Hoppers and bines supported on braced or unbraced legs
4 Trused towers and stacks (Freestanding or guyed )
5 Signs,billboards ,special amusement facilities and children
playgrounds and monument towers
6 Other structures
4.0
3.5
3.5
4.0
3.0
2.8. Combination of Seismic Forces with Other Forces-Design Stresses
If the structure is designed by the working Stress Method, Criteria stated
in the Standard No. 519 of Iran shall be used as a basis.If the structure
is designed by the Ultimate Strength Design and/or Limit State Design Method
combination of the seismic forces with other forces shall be done with obse-
rvance of the criteria stated in the applied code .
24
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CHAPTER 3. UNREINfORCED MASONRY BUILDINGS
3. 1 . DEFINITION
By masonry buildings are meant buildings constructed
with bricks, cement blocks and stone, in which all or part of
the vertical loads are supported by masonry walls. Therefore.
buildings in which part of the vertical loads is supported by
masonry walls and part by steel or reinforced concrete elements
shall be considered as masonary buildings the regulations
stated in this chapter shall also be applicable to such dual type
buildings .
3.2. LIMITATION IN HEIGHT AND NUMBER OF STOREYS IN THE
BUILDING
3.2.1. In masonry building the maximum number of storeys, not counting
J the basement , is limited to two , and also, the level of the
building
1
s roof sha 11 not be higher than 8 meters from the aver-
age level of the adjoining ground , otherwise it shall be count-
ed as one of the storeys of the building.
3.2.2. The rrcximum height of a storey ( from the lower horizontal tie
to the lower surface of the floor) is limited to 4 meters.
If tr: height of a storey exceeds this limit , an extra horizo-
ntal beam shall be provided in the walls at a maximum heig-
ht o: 4 meters from the lower tie beam ,in addition tie be-
ams s:ated in section 3.9.1. In this manner , the height of the
store1 may oe increased to a maximum of 6 meters .
25
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t
1
3.3. THE PLAN OF THE BUILDING
3.3.1. Generally , the plan of the building must have the following
characteristics:
a) The length of the building shall not be more than three
times its width.
b) The building shall be symmetrical or nearly symmetrical 1n
the two main axes .
c) The building shall not have unsuitable projections and
recesses .
3.3.2. If the length of the building exceeds the triple of its width
or if it is asymmetrical or its projections exceed the prop -
ortions stated in section 3.3.3. , the building shall have to
be divided , by providing joints as per section 1.3.d, into
more suitable sections so that each section shall conform with
characteristics given in section 3.3.1.
II
D
'
I
=iD
iD
OCJD
Figure 2. Division of the building into suitable sections by
providing joints .
26
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1
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l
3,3.3. The dimensions of projections in the plan of the building , wi -
thout providing joints , are limited to the proportions shown
in Figure 3.
Tb I < 815
18 ._____! >_b
L
a) Projection along the lenght
of the building
b) Projection along the
width of the building
3. 3. 4.
3. 4.
3.4 .1.
Figure 3.
If in Figure 3(a)
b) : or in Figure 3 (b) 1 > +
then
these parts shall not be considered as projections and in this
case there shall be no li mitation for the other dimension pro-
vided that the plan of the building is not being asymmetrical.
As far as possible , the walls shall be located in a regular and
symmetrical configuration in the plan of the building so that,
by uniformly resisting the horizontal seismic force , they shall
reduce the torsion created in the building to the minimum .
VERTICAL SECTION OF THE BUILDING
It is generally preferable that a building should have no proje-
ctions in the vertical section. If projections exist , the foll-
owing regulations have to be observed :
a) The length of cantilever projections in the case of balconies
open on three sides should not exceed 1.20 meters, and in the
case of balconies open on two sides , 1.50 meters , and the
cantilever must be securely anchored in the floors or within
the walls .
If the cantilever length exceeds the above limits then it must
be ca lculated agains7_ .:r.e 1e:C.H: a; scsrric force in accordance
27
with section 2.4.4.
b) Projection of the building in vertical section , in a manner,
that the upper storey protrudes in cantilever ahead of the lo-
wer storey, is only permitted if the following conditions are
observed :
i) The length of the projecting part ( cantilever ) be not more
than 1.00 meter.
ii) The structure of the projecting part be so designed that none
of its walls is made to bear the load of the floor or or the
upper walls .
iii) The walls of the protruding be supported by vertical tie-
beams of steel or reinforced concrete with suitable conne-
r ctions ' and both ends of the tie beams be securely tied in
the structural elements of floors.
'

The tying beams shall be constructed in such a way that,first,
each tie beam supports a maximum of 2 meters of wall, second ,
on the two sides of windows having a width of over 2 meters , there
will also be tie beams.The minimum cross section and reinforcements
of these vertical tie beams shall be in conformity with the vertical
tie beams of the building , stated in section 3.9.2.1 and 3.9.2.2.
3.4.2. Construcion of floors of different levels in one storey should as far
as possible be avoided . If difference of levels exists , the walls
between the two sections with different levels shall be reinforced by
suitable additional tie beams , or the two parts of the building shall
be separated by a joint.
3.4.3. The foundation shall as far as possible be constructed on the same
horizontal level . If owing to sloping ground or other reasons , the
foundation can not be constructed on one level , then each part of it
shall be constructed on one level
clined foundations is to be avoided
and in any case construction of in-
3.5. OPENING (DOORS,WINDOWS,CUPBOARDS)
3.5.1. In general , providing wide openings in masonry buildings shall be
avoided .As far as possible, the openings shall be placed in the central
part of the walls .
28
r
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1-
1-
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3.5.2. The Following Restrictions Are Obligatory :
a)The total area of openings in each bearing wall shall not exceed
of the total area of the wall .
1
3
b)The total length of openings in each bearing wall shall not exceed j
of the length of the wall.
C)The distance of the first opening in each external bearing wall of the
building shall not be less t h a n ~ of the height of the opening,unless
vertical tie beams are provided at both sides of opening
d)The horizontal distance of two openings shall neither be less than -}
of the height of the smallest opening of its both sides nor less than
~ of the total length of the two openings . Otherwise, the part of wall
between the two openings shall be considered as part of the openings, it
shall not be counted as bearing wall and the lintel shall be considered
as being in one piece of which the span is equal to the combined length
of the two openings plus the wall between them .
e)None of the dimensions of the openings shall be more than 2.5 meters.
Otherwise , hoth sides of the openings will have to be strengthened by
vertical tie beams connected to the horizontal tie beams above and below
that storey and both ends of the lintel of the opening shall be solidly
attached to the vertical tie beams on the sides of the opening .
3.6. BEARING WALLS
3.6.1. The wall-ratio in the longitudinal and transversal directions of
the building , for each storey, shall not be less than the values
given in Table 3. The wall -ratio of each storey, in each dire -
ction , is the ratio of the horizontal section area of the parallel
walls in the direction under consideration to the area occupied
by that storey . For the determination of the wall - ratio
any of the walls having a thickness of 20 centimeters or more
which have horizontal tie beams at the floor level shall be tak-
en into account . The walls above and below the openings shall
not be considered in the calculation of the wall-ratio . In other
words , to determine the wall-ratio , the lesser horizontal
cross section giving the minimum area of the wall shall be taken
into consideration .
29
Table 3. Minimum values of wall-ratio in each
direction of the building
Type of Building and Number of Storeys Basement First Second
Floor Floor
1 -
Storey 6% 4%
Brick Buildings
-
2 -
Storey
8% 6% 4%
1 - Storey 9% 6%
-
lstone or Cement Block
Buildinqs
2 - Storey 12% 9% 6%
3.6.2. The maximum permissible length of a wall between two supports is 30
times its thickness(A support is a wall which intersects the bearing
wall , from another direction ).
The minimum thickness of such a support shall be 20 centimeters, and
its length , counting the thickness of the bearing wall, shall be at
1
of the largest span at both sides of the support . 1 east
6
3.6.3. The height of the bearing walls shall be in conformity with section
3.2. 2.
3.7. NON -BEARING WALLS AND PARTITIONS
3.7.1. The maximum permissible length of a non-bearing wall or partition
between two supports is 40 times the thickness of the wall or pa-
rtition,and or 6 meters whichever is smaller .
The supports shall have at least the same thickness as the wall,
and their length shall be at least l of the largest span at bo-
th sides of the support . The may be replaced by elemen-
ts of steel , reinforced concrete or wood placed in the wall or
partition .
Both ends of these columns shall be fixed and fastened in a sui-
table manner to the floors of the storey .
3.7.2. The maximum permissible height of non-bearing walls and
from the adjoining floor is 3.5 meters . If the height exceeds
30
""
"&
-. t d: me e-aa ttami=r?' m,. i5't'!"5H!M3i'Fm
l this limit , the wall or partition shall be suitably reinforced
by providing horizontal and vettical tie beams .
L
1
1
L
1
3.7.3. Partitions rising to the entire height of the storey must be pro-
perly sealed under the ceiling , i.e. the last course of the par-
tition must be inserted by pressure and with sufficient amount of
mortar into the gap between the top of the partition and the cei-
1 ing.
The upper edge of the partitions which do not rise to the entire
height of the storey must be properly tied to the surrounding tie
beams or to the structure of the building by means of steel ,
reinforced concrete or wooden tie beams .
3.7.4. The vertical edges of partitions should not stay free and exposed.
They should lean against another partition or wall perpendicular
to it , to the structure of the building or to a steel , reinfor-
ced concrete or wooden column provided for the purpose and be
------
properly fixed to such supports.The column may be a 6 centimeter
equivalent in steel , reinforced concrete . or
wood. If. the length of the supporting partition is less than 1.5
meters , its edge may be left free.
3.7.5. If the wall and the partition leaning aginst it are constructed
simultaneously or by the
11
Lariz
11
or
11
Hashtguir
11
method , the
bonding of the partition with the wall shall be considered as su-
fficient , but if the partition is constructed after the wall and
without bonding with it, then the connection must be ensured by
placing in the mortar between the brick courses, at the place of
connection,steel bars of 8 millimeters in diameter (or equivalent steel
plates ) which extend at least for 25 centimeters into the wall and 50
centimeters into the partition . Such steel bars or plates , fixing the
Partition to the wall must be provided at least at 60 centimeter inter-
vals.Otherwise,the vertical edge of the partition shall be considered
as free and unsupported,and a column must be provided at this edge as
indicated in section 3.7.4.Two orthogonal partitions must be bonded
together .
3 1
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3.8. PARAPETS AND CHIMNEYS
I_ 3.8.1. The height of parapets around roofs and balconies from the adjacent fi-
nished floor , if the thickness of the wall is 10 or 20 centimeters,
I shall not exceed 50 and 90 centimeters respectively . Should their hei-
ght exceed the above limits, the parapet shall be supported by vertical
I steel or reinforced concrete elements ,and suitably fixed in the floor
l of the roof or balcony .
I_ 3.8.2. Chimneys.traditional aeration tower and similar elements shall not rise
Gore than 1.5 reters above roof level . Should their height exceed
I the above limit , they shall have to be suitably strengthened by verti-
cal steel or reinforced concrete elements and onchored to the roof .
3.9. TIE BEAMS
3.9.1. Horizontal Tie Beams
3.9.1.1. In all masonry buildings whether of one or two storeys,and irrespective
of whether they are constructed in bricks ,cement blocks or stone , tie
beams must be provided at the levels stated below :
a)At the level under the walls .
This tie beam shall be constructed in reinforced concrete in such a way
that its width shall not be less than the width of the wall or 25 centi-
. 2
meters , and t ~ height not 1 ess than j- of the width of the wa 11 or
25 centimeters .
It is not obligatory to construct tie beams under partitions unless such
tie beams are necessary for connection to the main tie beams
b)At the floor level , on bering walls .
The floor tie beam , if constructed in reinforced concrete shall have the
same width as the walls except in the case of external walls where, for
the purpose of facade construction , the width of the tie beams may be
made 12 centimeters less than the width of the wall , but in any case the
width of the floor tie beams shall never be less than 20 centimeters.
The height of tie beams on bearing walls and shear walls shall not be
less than 20 centimeters but their height on non-bearing walls may be
reduced to 12 centimeters. In the floor ,12 centimeter steel I beams
may be used instead of reinforced concrete tie beams provided that the
32
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steel tie beams are solidly fixed to the beams of the floor and also
suitably anchored and tied to the walls.
3.9.1 . 2. The minimun diameter of longitudinal steel bars in horizontal
reinforced concrete tie beams shall be as follows :
3.9.1.3.
12 millimeters for deformed bars and 14 millimeters for plain bars.
The number of longitudinal reinforcing bars shall be at least 4 and
shall be placed in the corners . If the width of the tie is more
than 35 centimeters , the number of the longitudinal bars shall be in-
creased to 6 or more so that the distance between two adjacent bars
shall not exceed 25 centi meters . The longitudinal bars shall be tied
to each other by means of ties with steel bars of 6 millimeters in di_
ameter . The maximum distance of these ties from one another shall be
20 centi meters or the height of the tie beam , whichever is less.
The concrete cover over the longitudinal bars shall be at least 5 ce-
nti metersfor the tie beams under the walls , and 2. 5 centimeters for
the fl oor tie beams .
At every level , the sides of the tie beams sha 11 be connected togeth -
er so that the tie beam system shall form a network in which all the tie
beams are interconnected . The reinforcements at the intersection of tie
beams shall be well executed , particularly in the case of floor tie be-
ams , so that the connection will be well and reliable .
The floor tie beam shall at no point be separated . If the floor t i e be-
am i ntersects chimneys , air conditioning ducts , cooler ducts and other
si mil ar facilities , arrangements shall be made to ensure proper connec-
tion of the tie beam on both sides of such facilities .
3.9.1 . 4. If a masonry building has also columns of steel or rei nforced concrete ,
the shall be suitably connected , in the upper end to the floor
eleme nts , and in the lower end to the tie beams under the walls .
3.9.2. VERTICAL TIE BEAMS
3.9.2.1. Vertical tie beams shall be provided' in all two - storey masonry
(
buildings as well as in one-storey buildings of great importance
(Group 1, mentioned in section 1. 5 ). Vertical tie beams shall be
Provided withjn the walls , in the main corners of the building
and preferably also at the intersections of walls . The distance
between axes of two tie beams shall not exceed 5 meters.
None of the dimensions of the cross section of tie beams shall be
less than 20 centiMeters.Reinforced concrete tie beams may be
replaced by 10 centimeter steel I beams or other equivalent steel
sections provided the tying of the steel tie beams to the wall
is properly done by means of steel bars .
3.9.2.2. The minimum diameters of longitudinal steel bars in vertical re-
inforced concrete tie beams are 10 millimeters for deformed bars
and 12 millimeters for plain bars . The numb er of longitudinal
steel bars shall be 4 at the minimum , and they shall be placed
in the four corners of the tie beam.
The longitudinal steel bars shall be tied together by means of
ties with steel bars of at least 6 millimeters in diameter.Maximum
distance between such ties shall be 20 centimeters .
On the longitudinal steel bars there shall be a cover of at least
2.5 centimeters of corcrete .
I- 3.9.2.3. The vertical tie beams shall at all intersection points be suit-
j ably connected with horizontal tie beams so that they will join-
1 tly form a three.dimensional resisting system
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j_ 3.9.2.4. Instead of the vertical tie beams described in section 3.9.2.1
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above , steel bars may be distributed along the walls as shown in
Figure 4 provided that
a)Sand and cement mortar be used for the construction of the wall
The minimum amount of cement shall be 200 kilograms per cubic
meter of mortar .
b)Material around the bars be placed so as to submerge the bars, and
the vertical joints be completely filled
c) The distance between two steel bars be not less than 60 centimeters .
d) The vertical steel bars at distances of at least 25 centimeters be an-
chored together with the hori zonta 1 bars of 6 millimeters in diameter.
e) Around each vertical bar, a space , of which the smallest dimension is
34
- - - --=-
l
at least 6 times the diameter of the bar , be left open and filled s1-
mul taneously with mortar during construction of the wall .
f) The vertical bars be anchored in the horizontal tie beams above and
below .
3.9 . 2.5.In one-storey buildings of average importance (Group 2 described in
section 1\5 ) it is recorrrnended that the vertical tie beams be cons-
tructed in accordance with sections 3.9.2.1 or 3.9.2.4. Otherwise ,
at least in the location of the vertical tie beams of such buildings
mentioned in section 3.9.2.1, there should be placed one deformed
steel bar of 12 millimeters in diameter with due observance of the
conditions stated in section 3.9.2.4 (a),(b),(e) and (f) .
3.9.2.6.Construction of vertical tie beams as stated in sections 3.9.2.1 and
3.9 . 2.5 is not obligatory for one-storey buildings of lesser import-
ance ( Group 3 described in section 1.5 ).
3.9.3. Tie Beams of Gable Walls
In covered by trusses and inclined light roofing it 'is pre-
ferable to place trusses also on the end walls .
Otherwise , the triangular part of these walls shall be strengthened
by tie beams as described below :
a) the base of triangular shaped end wall , in the level of the tie beams
below the supports of the trusses horizontal tie beams are to be provided
and these tie beams shall be fixed to one another .
b) The upper surface of the triangular wall is to be covered by tie beam so
that the surface above the tie beam shall be parallel to roof cover , and
the lower surface shall be in the shape of steps .
c) Between the two tie beams on the top and at the base of the triangular pa-
rt of the wall , vertical tie beams shall be provided at maximum 5 meter
intervals . The steel bars of the vertical tie beams shall be fixed in the
lower and upper tie beams .
d) The dimensions and steel bars of the tie beams referred to in (a)and
(b) above are subject to the criteria relating to horizontal tie beams
(section 3.9.1.) and those of the tie beams referred to in (C) above
are subjected to the criteria stated for vertical tie beams in section
3.9.2.
NOTE
Min. 60 Min.60
Max. 120
Max.120
6
(
J-
' 0
' .....
. .
c:: ><
x
12
10
0
0 N
'
.....
c:
><

..,
::E: ::E:
Qt]
Min
t
B=
. . .
. ----
h
Min
Min.60
I

I
Min.60
Min.120 Max.120 Mix.120
Fiqure 4.0etails of vertical and horizontal steel
bars anchored in the walls .
_J

0
0 N
'
.....
c
><

::E: ::E:
: ..
. I
1. The longitudinal bars of vertical tie beams shall be bent at both
ends to angle of 90 degrees and anchored in the tie beams of
36

'
foundation and floor .
2.As masonry work progresses , mortar shall be placed around the verti-
cal reinforcement bars .
3.The mortar for the wall shall be sand and cement mortar( minimum of
200 kilograms cement per cubic meter of mortar).
3.10. EXECUTION OF MASONARY WALLS
3.10.1. Use of mud mortar or mud and lime mortar is not permitted in masonry
j_ buildings . WQlls of stone or cement blocks shall be constructed with
sand and cement mortar with a minimum quantity of 200 kilograms
of cement per cubic meter of mortar . In brick walls , apart from
sand and cement mortar , mortar made of sand and lime , with a mini-
mum amount of 250 Kilograms of lime per cubic meter of mortar er
lime-cement mortar with 100 kilograms of cement and 125 kilograms of
lime per cubic meter of mortar may also be used . Parapets of roof
and balconies and the part of chimneys protruding outside of the
l.
L
l
building must be constructed exclusively with sand and cement
mortar made with a minimum of 200 kilograms of cement per cubic
meter of mortar .
3.10.2. Walls made of stones shaped on rectangular blocks or of cement blocks
shall be executed in such a manner that vertical joints do not coin -
cide with each other, and completely filled with mortar . In Hall s
of rubble stone , the stones shall be laid in a manner to ensure their
bonding with each other and the interfaces between the stones shall
be completely filled with mortar .
1 3.10.3. As far as possible , all bearing walls connected to each other,parti -
cularly in the corners of the building , shall be constructed
simultaneously at each level and raised uniformly everywhere .
such simultaneous construction is not possible , parts of the
may be constructed by the method locally called
11
Lariz
11
and
Where
walls
the
subsequent parts laid on the
11
Lariz
11
In the case of the bearing
walls , making them in the shape of dentate, in the manner locally
called
11
Hashtguir
11
and used to ensure connection of cross walls or
37
I_
L
L
l
J
L
in the construction of long walls , is not allowed . The
11
Hashtguir"
method may solely be used for the construction of partition walls
provided the upper and lower joints of the subsequent brick courses
are cowp letely filled with mortar .
5.11. FLOORS
3.11.1. Materials for Floors
Floors shall be constructed with suitable materials and in a manner
that wh en exposed to the seismic forces , they will , first , not
become separated from their supports and , second , will remai n
whole and unshattered.
Use of wood as the bearing element is permitted when the roof cove-
ring is made of light material like boards, iron sheets , cor rugated
meta 1 or asbestos cement sheets , and in such cases wood may a 1 so be
used for the tie beaming of the floor . Construction of wooden roofs
with a cover of mats or reed and with mud or mixture of mud and
lime or sun dried brick placed over them is not permitted .
3.11.2. Connection of Floor to Supports
The floor elements ( beams and joists, whether of steel ,con -
. crete or wood ) or the concrete slabs shall be securely connected
and fixed to the.supports under them ( bearing beams horizonta1
tie beams, columns) so that the seismic forces brought on the floor
shall. without displacing it , be transmitted to the vertical ele-
ments. To ensure this , the following criteria must be observed :
a) In the case of floors supported on bearir.g beams, the main elements
of the floor shall be attached to the bearing beams , and these
shall in turn be attached to the tie beams on the walls .
b) In the case of floors resting on the walls , if the floor is const-
ructed by using steel I beams and brick jack arches , the steel I
beams of the floor must either be anchored in tne reinforced con -
crete tie beams or be welded to steel plates placed and secured on
the longitudinal tie beams,or else be tied to the steel tie beams in
a suitable manner.The length of the support of tile steel treams in
this type of floor shall not be less than the height of the steel
38
I beams or 20 centimeters . If the floor is made of precast con -
crete slabs , it is preferable the precast slabs be anchored
in the horizontal reinforced concrete tie beams .
Simply placing the precast slab on the tie beam is to be avoided
unless it can be anchored to the tie beam on the wall in a suitable
manner .The composite floors of joists and blocks must also be ade-
quately anchored to the horizontal tie beams and the pouring of co-
ncrete of the joists and tie beams shall take place at the same time.
Cast-in-situ concrete floors must also have a support at
least equal to the thickness of the wall minus 12 centimeters pro-
vided this length is never less than 15 centimeters .
c)The structural elements of staircases also , on the bendings which
are level with the floors of the building shall be anchored in the
tie beams of the floor .
3.11.3. Wholeness and Solidity of Floors
The following conditions shall be observed to ensure that the floor
acts as a whole body :
3.11.3.1.Brick - Jack Arch Floors
a)The steel beams shall joined to one another by means of steel bars
or plates placed diagonally in such a way that, first, the length
of the criss- crossed rectangle is not more than 1.5 times of its
width and , secondly the area covered by each criss-crossed element
is not more than 25 square meters
b)A suitable support is to be provided for the heel of the last span
of arches . This support may be created either by placing a steel I
beam and fixing it to the tie beam beneath or by anchoring in the
reinforced concrete tie beam. If this support is in steel ,it must
be fi xed , by means of straightened steel bars or rods , at both
ends of the beam and also at intervals of less than 2 meters,to the
last steel beam of the floor
c)The minimum cross-section of the steel bar or plate used for diago-
nal bracings of the floor beams or for the fixing of the last span
shall be that of a oar of 10 millimeters in diame ter or an equival-
ent plate .
39
3.11.3.2 . Blocks and Joists Floors :
a)The concrete covering the blocks shall have a minimum thickness of
5 centimeters and the amount of bars in the direction perpendicular
to the joists shall not be less than 1 square centimeter per meter.
The bars shall be so placed that the intervals between them are not
more than 30 centimeters .
b)If the spans of joists are more than 4 meters , they shall be joined
by transversal bars to the reinforcement steel in a suitable manner.
3.11.3.3.Trusses
a)The wholeness and solidity of the floor is ensured by providing ver-
tical and horizonal bracings .
b) The various parts of wooden trusses shall be solidly attached to each
other at the joints by means of bolts and nuts or of steel clamps
{ attaching these parts by simply nailing them to each other is not
sufficient).
c)In inclined flat roofs , if the covering is not in the form of truss-
es , suitable elements have to be provided to withstand the thrust of
the roofing .
3.11.4. Suspended Ceilings
Suspended ceilings shall be made of light materials and their framing
shall be attacheq in a suitable manner to the structure or tie beams
of the building so that the impact of the seismic shocks will not da-
mage the adjoing walls .
3.11.5. Arch Roofs
Construction of arch roofs is conditional upon the observance of the
following criteria :
a)Making necessary provisions to minimize the thrusts and to ensure that
the roof can withstand them . The walls must be properly anchored
b)Construction of reinforced concrete tie beams at the h ~ l s { imposts
of the roof , so that the arch roof can be placed on the tie beams in
a suitable manner.In cylindrical arches the two sides of the sprin-
ging tie beam shall be connected to each other by means of steel tie
rods placed and tied beforehand in the tie beams.The distance between
40
these tie rods shall not be more than 1.5 meters and the cross -
section of the tie rods shall not be less than the value obtained
from the following relation
L x 0
A = ----
s 2
Where L is the span of the arch , D is the distance between the tie rods
( both in meters } , and A is the section of the tie rod in square cent-
s
imeter
3.12. CONSTRUCTION OF FACADES
3.12.1. In the construction of facades with bricks it is preferable that the facing
bricks should be placed at the same time with the rest of the wall. The
thickness of the facing bricks and of the bricks used in the wall should
be equal or nearly equal so that the courses of both kinds of brick may
be laid on the same bed of mortar.
If the facing bricks are placed after the wall behind it is constructed ,
connection of the two kinds of brickwork will have to be ensured by
placing the free ends of the bars in the mortar of the courses of
facing bri cks.The distances of these connecting bars in both hori -
zontal and vertical directions shall not exceed 50 centimeters .
3.12.2. Construction of facades in stone which is not in the form of plates, and
when the stones are placed on each other horizontally , shall conform to
the criteria stated for brick facades in section 3.12.1. If the stone in
the form of plates are placed vetically then their fixing to the wall
behind them is to be ensured by means of clamps or some other suitable
type of attachment to prevent their falling off at the time of earthquake
4 1
,f:o-
N

)I
"
Sat .. lc !oa ''" of IMM
USSR
1nt-rr1
..,, , ; ... .,1111111 I \ 1
.. 111
Soect1l1 for Shtc
leshtant Oeitqn o r lu11d1"9
1 Sttuiote<tontc '"""P
.A. A:Jl'o tnh r " l.,'t>trhn
N.Chorthht. A. A. Zohourhn
f 11f,l' I
,1rir1n fi] I 1111111 .
,.
11
IU
. I If 1 I 11 I
lrhtern Ii
. l [I I 1 ".,!. I
'I . .:(
' j 'I
IRAQ '. .J I
/ . Ahwa t


! ..
,' -
,
i
1
I 11:
1
11111
r I , ,
--... .I , -
'....,... - . .......... l
' - '
',., _.,,.,,,.',.., ---.,\
, ___ _ _
n

...
111
'"Ti' r i 11' 111111
I
1 I I J I r11
. " , I l I/ jseismtc reldtive
1\ I I
11
1
1
' 111
lr v.;d
'1
. ti:
I I I 11 1
,.
-I
i .11111rit
1 i I 11
1111111
1
1
Abboo

11

hazard .
:: :::Low se1sm1c
:: : ::Relative hazard .
I
\l-
o 10. 100
7

'.
\
\
;
i.
AfCHAHISTAN

I
,0
I
i __ ., -- ...
11 ------
2.hedon\ PAIC 1 ST AN
.. I I I t-"'
I 11

[,
,.

hahboha r

>
"'O
"'O
n>
::s
Cl..
-
)(
)>
I
I
1
J
-'
-- - - - - --- a,_ --
Appendix A
Classification of seismic relative hazard in cities and other
important districts of Iran
City or District Province
* .. *
H I L
( A )
I Abadan
2 Abadrh
3 Aba r kouh
4 Abbasabad
S Ab9a nn (Avaj)
6 Abhar
Aghjari
8 A9hda
9 Agh-Ghaleh
10 Ahar
11 Ahram
12 Ahwaz
13 A lamdeh
14 l .ulouyeh
IS Aliabad-Gorgan
16 Al19ci carz
17 Amo1
18 Anr
19 Anarak
20 And i l'leshk
21 Ar1<
22 Arda 1
23 Ardrt:1 l
24 Ardekan
ZS Ardrstan
26 Asta r a
Z7 Avaj
I
l
3
Babol
Ba bcl sar

4 Ba 't
5 BaJ estan
6
7 Bal htaran
a e ....
( 8 )
9 Bandar-Abbas
10 Bandar-Anzai!
11 Bandar-0,ylam
12 Ba ndar- Imam

Khuzts tan
rars
rars
Khorss an
Zanjan
Zanjan
Khuzestan
Yud
II.land, ran z
East Azarbaijan
Bushehr
Khuzestan
Hazandara n
Bush,hr
Hazandaran
Lores tan
Haza ndaran
Yu d
Is fahan
Khuzes tan
Ha rkaz 1
Chanraha l-Bakhti a n
East AzarbaiJan
Yazd
I sfahan
Gil an
Zanjan
Hazandaran
Mazandaran
Yazd
Kerman
U1orassan
Khorassan
Bakhtara n
Ke man
HorMOzgan
Gf lan
Bushehr
Khuas tan
x
x


x
ltttn Cfty or District
13 Bandar-Gaz
14 Bandar-Khamir
IS Bandar-Lengueh
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
;>4
zs
26
27
ZB
Z9
30
31
32
33
34
35
Bandar-Turkman
Baneh
Bastn
Bastam
Buman
Behabad
Behbahan
Behshahr
Bryar joma n
Bi j ar
Airjand
Boeen 'Zahra
Bojnourd
Borujan
BorouJen
BorouJerd
Boshrouyeh
Bos tan
Bostanabad
Bushehr
( c )
Chah-Bahar
2 Cha lous
3 Charak
4 Chenaran
2
3
4
s
6
8
9
10
Oamavand
Oamghan
Otrab
( 0 )
Oar an
oar,hgu
Oarrthshahr
Oasht-e-Bayu
Oehak
Oehbid
Oehloran
Provf net
HaUndaran
Honnozga n
Hormozga n
Ha zandnn
H
Kurdesun
Hormozgn x
s,innan
S1stn-8tluchestan
Yazd a
Khuzestan x
Haztndtrtn a
Stmna n a
Khurdesun
Khorasun JI
Za njan JI
x
Khorassan
Bushehr

Cha.,..hal-Bakhtiari
Lores tin x
Khoras san x
Khuz estan
East Azarbaijan i
Bus hehr
S1stan-Btluchestan x
Hazandar tn
Horinozgan
Khorassan
Tehran
Se'Man
rars
lsfahan
Khorassan
I lam
x
x
x
x
x
Khorassan
Sist1n-Saluchest1n x
fars x
I lam x
* H, I ,L High,Interr.iediate and Low seismic relative ha za rd respectively
43

..

L
I
11
12
13
IC
lS
16
2
Otll jan
Oryhook
Oez fu l
Oogonbadan
Ooroud
Oorounrh
Eghli d
Eivantkry
3 Eshrayen
t Eshtehard
F1ras hband
2 Far lman
3 F1 r ouj

5
6
7
8
9
F1rsan
Fashm
fasu
Ftrdows
f'I rou za had
Ftrouubad
10 f'l rouzkouh
1
2
Gachsaran
Ga nos1r
l Gel fon
Gen1veh
S Ge nal
6 'hnn
7 Gllnm !l hahr
( E )
( F )
( G )
8 C>111ruht ddin
9 Cllnrt Shlrln
10 Ghuv ln
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
GhorYth
'huhln
6>1 1 r
Gh090
Ghoeshth
Ghouch1n
Golkf
Golp1yt91n
Gonab1d
20 Gonba'1-K1vous
Provinct
Marka zl
Khorassa n
Khuztstan
H
x
x
Kohk llouyth- Boytr Ahnad
Lorts tan
Khorassan
Fars
Stmnan
lhohssan
Tehran
Firs
Kho rusan
l horasun

Tthran
Fars
Khorusan
Fars
East Azarbal j an
Tthran
.


x

x

x
x
x
l(
l ohkilouyth-Boyrr Ahlllad x
Stftltlan
Kho,. ass1n
Bushrhr
Eas t Azarbaljan
Khorassan
Mlzandaran
Wtst Aza rltaij an
Bakhtar1n
hnj an
lurdutln
Honroz91n
Firs
Marku I
Is hhan
1Chor1ss1n
hraan
l sf1h1n
lhorusan

x
x

x
L
44
It"' City or Oistrlct Province
H
Zl Gor91n
22 Cova ttr
l
2
3

s
6
Haftguel
H1j llbad
Hamadan
H1shtp1r
Htndlj1n
Hovryah
111 ..
I ra n Shahr
l lshhan
lzeh
2
3

s
6
J 1hr()rl

J 1lr 19h.
Jask
Jfroft
Jul fl
( H
l I
( J
2
3
hboutarahang
hkhk
kahnouj
4 Ka ngan
S Karaj
6 Kas han
7 Kas >vnar
8 Kueroun
9 ICtrlll n
10 IChaf
11 lh1 lkha l
12
13
IC
IS
16
17
18
19
lO
21
1Ch1nur
l ha rk
lhlSh
KhOll\tl n
lhonj
Khe r
l horr111111 b1d
Khorr& Shahr
lhoy
Kish
Haza nd1ran
Slstan-8aluchtstan x
Khu a sun
Hormozgan
Hainada n
Glhn
Khuzutan
Khuzuun
x
x
111111
Slstan-81luchestan x
lsflhan
Khuztstan
Fars x
Yud
Slslln-81luchtst1n x
Hormozgan
Kt rm.in
East Aza rba ljan
Ha1!14 dan
IChorasun
lt n"la n
Bushrhr
Tehran
lsfahan
Khor a sun
F 1 rs
Ktrm.in
Khorassao
Ent Azarba l jan
lsflh1n

x
x
x
Bushrhr
Slsta n-Baluchtstan
Harku I
Fars x
Yazd
Lorutan x
Khuztslln
West Az1rb1fjan x
Honnozgan x
L
x
x


22 lonual
23 ICouhak
24 ICou hba nan
25 1touhp1yth
26 1Couhran9
H
Slst1n-81luchtst1n a
Slst1n-81luchtstan a
ltenqn l
?7 ICushke Hosrat Tthr1n
la hi Jan
2 lll"
3 LI van
4 Lorde9an
Ha ha bad
2 Mahallat
J HahrQud1!:>1d
4 Ml h Shallr
S Maku
6 144 hyer
7
8 Marand
9 Mara veta ppeh
10 Ma rdabad
11 Marlvan
12 Mar vda
13 Mashhad
( L
( H )
14 MasJed Soleynan
lS Mehran
16 MeshUn Shahr
17 M1aneh
18 Miandoa!:>
19 Mlnab
20 Hlrjaveh
1 Maten
2
3 H1 9>11n
4 Ha havand
5 Naibal'ld
6 Hajafa !:>ad
7 Hatanz
8 Ht1SNbour
9 Ntyr11
10 lllk Shahr
11 lloHltlbad
lZ llo11r
( N
l
Honno191n x
Ct'19nnaha 1-8akht hrf 1
\lest Azarb1iJ1n
""'1rkazl
""'1zand1ran
IChuzu tan
lltst Azerbai j an
Ha.-.adan
East Azar ba lj an
East Azarbaijan
"4zandar1n
Tehran
ICurdts tin
ran
Khor assan
Khuzestan
Ihm
East Azarbaljan
East Azarba1jan
ll est Azarba 1j an
Mor-Tr()zg an
Slstan-Baluchest an
lsfahan


I



x
x
\lest Azarbal j a n
Charmahal-Bakhtlarl l
Ha-adan
Kennan
I sfahan
lsfahan
i::horassan
Fars
x
x

Sistan-Baluchesta n x
S'stan-Baluchtsta n
""'1za nda r an
l
l



l

l
x
45
It.- City or District
1 J llour1b1d( Hu .. sanl)
14 Now Shahr
0
Oroumlyth
p
1 Parubad
2 P1ran Shahr
l Pole Dokht ar
4 Polour
Rafsanjan
2 Ramur
3 Rasht
C Rav1r
S Rey
6 Roblt
( R )
7 Robate Poshte Bad1m
8 Roshtkhar
9 Roudehtn
10 Roudsar
Sabzevar
2 Sa9h1nd
3 Saghu
( s )
4 S1lafche9an
S S1 l 1111s
6 S1n1ndaj
7 Sarab
8 Sar1khs
9 S1rav1n
10 Sarbu
11 Sarchuhmeh
12 Sar i
13 Saveh
14 St':leh
IS Stm1rom
16 St<11nan
17 Stp1dan(Ardaka n)
18 Shadega n
19 Shahd1d
20 Shahrekord
21 Shahroud
?2 Sha la,.. ZI r
!3 Shoz and
c Shiraz
llut Azerbaijan
East Aurbaijan
llut Azarb1iJ1n
lorutan
Mau ndaran
Ktn111n
Mazandaran
Cihn
ICt nna n
Tehr1n
Khorusan
Yud
IChoru san
Tehran
G11an
Kho r nsan
Yud
l(urdutan
Marku i
East Aurba1jan
Kurdestln
H
l

..
I
l
l
..
x
x

..

..



l as t Aza rba f Jan
Khorassan
Sist1n-81luchest1n
Slst1n-81luchtst1n
Ke,..,.,. n
Hazanda r an
Tehran
Khoras san
lshtlan
Semnan
Fars
Khuzes ta n
Kennan
x

l
Cha nr.atl a 1-B&khti art x
Semnan x
Cha rm.1h1 l-81kht hri x
Ha rkaz t

l

..

l
x
I tttn
City or Province
H
L
25 Shlrvan Khorassan
26 Shushtar Khuzes tan JI
27 West Azarbatj1n
l
28 Sirch Kennan JI
29 SirJn Kennan lt
30 Sousa ngerd Khuzes tan lt
31 Sul tan I yell Zanj an
l
( T )
l hbu Khoras san
l
2 T1br1z
Ent Azarba I J a n lt
3 Ta fresh M1rkaz1
lt
4 T 1heri Bushehr
lt
5 Takab West Azarba i Jan
6 Tayebad Khorassan

7 Tehran Tehran

e TI ran lsfahan

9 Tonekabon Muandaran
10 Torbat Heydarfyeh Khorassan
lt
11 Torbat Jui Khora s san
JI
12 Toroud
Semnan
13 Touyserk1n Hamadan
v
).
V1r1mfn Tehran
JI
w
West ls lama bad Bakhtaran
JI
( y
1 Yasuj
Kollkiluyeh-Buyer Ahmad

2 Yazd Yazd

( l )
Z1bol

2 Zlbol 1 Sf stan-81luchestan

l Z1hed1n Sist1n-8aluchest1n
4 Zlnjan Z 1nj an

5 Zlrand Kerman
lt
;
46
l
L
L
L
l
L
L
L
L
Q ..
.. Appendix 8
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .
zr, '\ 0 c!,, f' j ) ~ .. ,
1 f.1l92
Details of Reinforcement and Dimensions for Reinforced Concrete Frames 1 (!
with Intermediate Ductility
A.2.1. To provide intermediate ductility for reinforced concrete moment resisting
space frames the following reinforcement details shall be observed in beams
columns , flat slabs and flat plates. Reinforcement details in columns shal
be as beams if axial load acting on columns is less than 0.1 fc Ag in ultim-
ate strength design (0.07 fc Agin working stress design ) method .
where
f = 28-day compressive strength of concrete based on strength of a(l5x30)
c
centimeters cylindrical concrete sample .
Ag= Gross area of section in square cen.timeter.
A.2.2. The design shear force of beams,columns , flat slabs and flat plates shall
be obtained for one of the following shear force values :
a)Shear force caused by difference in bending moment of the ends of the
member plus shear force caused by vertical and lateral loads provided
that bending moments of the ends of the member are taken to be equal
to the positive and negative bending strength of the member at supports.
In determining the shear force caused by the difference in bending stre-
ngth of the member at supports shall consider positive bending strength
in one side and negative bending strength in another side , and vise versa.
b)Shear force equal to the combination of shear force caused by vertical load
and twice the shear force caused by lateral force.
A. 2. 3. Minimum strength of concrete (fc) shall be equal to 200 kilograms per
I
l square centimeter and maximum yield strength of steel shall be 4200
kilograms per square ceptimeter.Reinforcement bars must be of deformed
type.
A.2.4. Details of beams
47
I
I
i .2.4.1.The following limitations shall be observed in determining the cross -
sectional dimensions of beams :
,_
a) Effective depth of beams shall not be more than -} of its clear span.
b) The width-to-depth ratio of the beam shall not be less

,and/ or
less than 25 centimeters .

c) The width of beam shall not be more than the width of the supporting
column (measured on a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis
of the beam )plus i- of the depth of the beam on each side of the
column.

\
I

d) The width of beam shall not be more than the width of the supporting
column(measured on a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of
the beam) plus of the dimension of the column in the longitudinal
axis of the beam on each side of the column .
.. 2.4.2.Eccentricity of the beam in relation to the axis of the column shall
be more than -!- of the width of the supporting column .
A.2.4.3.Positive reinforcement on each support of the beam shall not be less
than } of the negative reinforcement of the beam in that support .
1.2.4.4.Neither the negative nor the positive reinforcement at any section
along the length of the beam shall be less than ! of the maximum
positive and negative reinforcement at supports .
1.2.4.5.Stirrups spacing at both ends of the beam over a length equal to twice
the beam depth shall not exceed
a) { of the beam depth
b)Eight times the diameter of the smallest longitudinal bars .
c)24 times the diameter of the stirrup bars .
The first stirrup shall be located at not more than 5 centimeters from
the face of the supporting member.Stirrup spacing in the of the
beam length is limited to one-half of the beam depth and to 30 centi-
meters at maximum.
48
I
!-
I

A.2.5.
Details of Columns ; r
A.2.5.l. The following limitations shall be observed in determining the cross-
sectional dimensions of columns :
a)None'of the cross-sectional dimensions shall be less than 25 centime-
ters.
b)The clear length of
be more than 25 .
column in relation to its cross-section shall not
I
L A. 2. 5.2.
Tie spacing at both ends of the column over a length equal to the
maximum value : _l_ of the length of the column,maximum cross-sec -
6
L
tional dimension of the column,and/or 50 centimeters , shall not
exceed :
a)One-half of the smallest cross-sectional dimension of the column.
l _ b)Eight ti mes the diameter of the smallest longitudinal bars .
c)24 times the diameter of the tie bars.
L
l
l
L
Column ties shall be continued to the beam depth with the same spacing.
Tie spacing in the rest of the column is limited to twice the above
I
values and 30 centimeters at maximum .
A.2.5.3. Longitudinal bars in the column shall not be less than one percent of
the cross-section of the column .
L A. 2.6.
Details of flat slabs and flat plates
L A.2 . 6.1. All required reinforcements for transfer of bending moment from slab
to column shall be concentrated in the column strip .
1
A.2.6 . 2. Not less than of the required rei nforcement for transfer of bending
moment from slab to columns and not less than -} of all required
reinforcements in the column strip shall be concentrated , in the width,
f rom slab equal to column width plus 1.5 times the slab thickness on
each side of the column
A.2.6 . 3. Not less than of the negative reinforcement at the supports in the
column str ip shall be continuous throughout the span .
4 9
A.2.6.4. Not less than of the negative reinforcement at the support in the
column strip shall be used as continuous positive reinforcements in
the column strip.
A.2.6.5. Not less than 1 of all positive reinforcement at mid-span of all
strips shall be continuous up to the supports and completely anchored.
Appendix C .
A.3 . 1. Fundamental period of vibration of a concentrated mass located at
the top of a slender cantilever (if mass of the cantilever is
neglected ) is obtained from Relation(A.3.1):
(A.3.1)
in which
P= Weight of the oscillating mass
k=-}
f= Displacement of the top of cantilever caused by the action of a
. '
unit load at the top
g='Gravity acceleration
A.3.2. Fundamental perioQ of vibration of a concentrated mass located at
the top of a cantilever with uniform section ( if mass of the canti-
lever is not neglected ) is obtained from Relation (A.3.2) :
T=2,..
in which
' 33 1
p=p+ 140 q
p=Weight of concentrated mass
q=Weight of the unit length of cantilever
l=Length of cantilever
g=Gravity acceleration
E=Modulus of elasticity
!=Moment of inertia of the section
50
(A.3.2)
...
., t -4
. .
I ,. .. ..-... -- . _.......... ___ _,__ ___ _
l A.3.3. Fundamental period of vibration of a ' prism with constant section along
the height is obtained from Relation(A.3.3):
I
j
in which
1= length of prism
q= Weight of the unit length of prism
I= Moment of inertia of the section
E= Modulus of elasticity
g= Gravity acceleration
(A.3.3)
J A.3.4.Fundamental period of vibration of a truncated cone is obtained from
Relation ( A.3.4) :
l
I
I
l
2 _g_
~

T= k 1 gE I
in which
L=Distance from C to the cone base
a=Distance from C to the top of the truncated cone
l=Height of the truncated cone
q=Weight of the unit length at the cone base(section AB)
!=Moment of inertia of the cone base
L k=The value obtained from the following:
L
a 0.4 0.6 0.8 I.O
k 1.29 1.5 1.7 1.79
(A.3.4)
c
0
t
8
A.3.5.Fundamental period of vibration of concentrated masses along the length
of cantilever
(
L
I
a)Assuminq that the structure has rotated 90 degrees about the gravity field:
...
1
L
l
if x
1
, ~ , ... xn are values of displacements caused by different masses
and deformations remain within the elastic limit,fundamental period of vib-
ration is obtained from Relation (A . 3.5):
J
IPX
2
T
-2 ... 1 1
- g,P. x.
L 1 1
(A.3.5)
1
51
b} If high accuracy is not required , fundamental period of vibration
can be obtained from the following :
Assuming that the structure is located at the level of the last mass under
the influence of a unit force : if x
1
, x
2
, ... xn are values of displace-
ments of different masses under the influence of this force,fundamental
period of vibration is obtained from Relation (A.3.6) :
(A.3.6)
')T;J_
2
IP x.
T=2 r ; ,
gx
n
A.3.6. Fundamental period of of steel chimneys
a)Steel chimneys with uniform section
Fundamental period of vibration of these chimneys is obtained
from Relation (A.3.7)
(A.3.7)
in which
l=Height of chimney in meters
q=Weight of unit length of chimney in kilograms per meter
g=Gravity acceleration in kilograms per square centimeter
E=Modulus of elasticity in kilograms per square centimeter .
!=Moment of inertia of chimney's section about the axis which
passes through the centre of chimney, in meter to the power 4.
b)Steel chimneys with truncated cone shape
Fundamental period of vibration of these chimneys is obtained from
Relation {A.3.8.)
in which
T=
2
r 0. 080
g
{A.3.8)
D=Lateral displacement of the top of the truncated chimney { in
meters )under the influence of lateral force equal to the total
weight of the chimney.
g=Gravity acceleration in meters per square second
52
' J II'
,. J T
Appendix Di . ..
TA BAS EARTHQUAKE SEP 16. 1978 (1357/6/25)
COMPONENT

N16W IIURATION=2S.OO SECONDS

PEAK VALUE=915.39 CM/SEC/SEC "'. b'
P
._.
COr<RECTED ACCELEROGRAM: UNIT IS CH/SEC/SEC
TIME ACC. TIME ACC. TIME ACC. TIME ACC.
o.oo -11.21 0.02 -9.75 0.04 - 9.17 0.06 -11.53
o.oa -1=s.60 0 .10 -10.96 0.12 -14.11 0.14 -20.99
0 .16 -7.26 0.10 -6 .19 0.20 -11.60 0.22 -11.41
0.24 - 11 33 0.26 -16.54 0.28 -15.56 0.30 -10.47
I
0.32 -3 .42 o.34 -19.62 0.36 -9.23 0.38 -15.52
0.40 -8 .37 0.42 -7.01 o.44 -15.85 0.46 -11.35
l
0.48 -11.46 o.so -16.97 o.s2 -18.26 o.54 -16.99
0.56 -10 .63 o.58 - 4.76 0.60 -9.97 0.62 -10.67
0.64 0.66 -8.05 0.68 -8 . 56 o.7o -24.56
L
0.72 -20.36 0.74 -11.15 o.76 -1 .06 0.78 -16.67
0.80 -18.16 0.02 -15.72 0.84 -14.36 0.86 -9.87
0.88 - 14.49 0.90 -15.39 0.92 -15.12 0.94 -29.85
l
f'l,96
--20 . 35
0.98 -2.71 1.00 15.03 1.02 - 10.89
1.04 - 16.89 1.06 - 6.31 1. 08 1. 23 1.10 -11. 84
1.12 -- 18.63
1.14 -11.58 1.16 -18.76 1.10 -11.23
I
1. 20 -B. 40 1.22 - 6.95 1.24 -3.24 1.26 -3.07
1. 28 -- l.6.82 l..30 -13.11 1.32 -9.70 1.34 -6.78
1. - 13.96 1.38 -15.94 1.40 -15.38 1. 42 . -15.20
l
1. 44 --1.? .68 1.46 - 11.91 1.48 -2.81 1.so -16.37
1. 52 - 25 .71 1.54 -13.67 1.56 - 7.81 1.s0 -6.85
I
1 60 - 12. 81> 1.62 - 12.79 1.64 - 8.89 1.66 -24.41
l. "8
-:12 . 8!.i 1.70 1. 05 1.72 4,55 1.74 - 16.86
L
1. 76
-- 23 .
1.78 - 9. 16 1.00 6.12 1.82 -14.71
1. 84 4. 69 1.86 4.56 1.88 2.48 1.90 -9.42
l. ;2 --11. 80 1.94 - 1.04 1.96 -12.84 1.98 -22.58
I
::> . 00 -22 . 7 :1. 2.02 - 0.37 2.04 -11. 48 2.06 -13.38
;:>. 08 7 , /,fl
2. 10 - 6.96 2. 12 -23 .08 2 . 14 -5.06
2 . 16 2 .95 2.18 - 6.60 2.20 -10.06 2.22 -18.14
L
2.24 4 . 40 2.26 - l.3.10 2.28 -30.69 2.30 - 2.86
:1 7 . 80 2.34 -5 . 19 2.36 -22.48 2".38 -16.14
40 -42.4/' 2. 42 7 .92 2.44 -51. 17 2.46 - 10.88
::> . 4 0 - :1.4. /' 4 2 .50 -3:1.. :1.6
"> c-,.,

- 12 .75 2. - 6.90
? . 14. 3:::;
:? 58 2 4.71 2.60 , 5.74 2.62 -22.06
::.> c. 4 -- 3B. 28 2 . 66 -36 .85 2.68 27.17 2.70 50.68
72 ? B 2 . 7 4 14.01 2.76 -26.74 2.78 -68.76
2 .80 -32.70 2 . 82 2 0.62 2.84 2 1.96 2.86 - 1.53
? .88 -- 1. 3 . 2 .90 -16.91 2.92 23.86 2.94 54.13
96 33.58 2. 98 11.96 3.00 -20.26 3.02 -27. 17
- 7 . 39 3 .06 l.5.42 3.08 25.58 3.10 - 9.8El
3 .12 13 3 . 14 - 48.71 3. 16 -28 .75 3.18 -4. 85
3.20 22 . I.> "/ 3.22 20.46 3 .24 - 9.31 3.26 -55.85
3 . 28 - 2 1.41.-, 3.30 -9.25 3.32 18.37 3.34 2.24
3 .36 3 . 38 -3 .84 3.40 -3.50 3.42 -19.14

3.44 --23. 60 3 .46 -1 .48 3.48 12 .11 3.50 4.99
3 .96 3,54 13 .14 3.56 -8.30 3.58 -35.72
3 . 60 12.:1.0 3.62 35.30 3.64 22 . 1 l. 3.66 8.42
3.6B -l.6.25 3.70 -29 .65 3 . 72 - 43. 33 3.74 -3.07
l
7 6
20 3 . 78 -6.51. 3 . 8 0 -8.33 3.82 -36.44
t
53
I
l Hff Al:t::. f IME At:f' . TIME ACC. TIME ACC .
I
3.84 -26.68 3.86 -27.42 3.88 -29.83 3.90 -32.33
I
t
3.92 -4. 72 3.94 3,95 3.96 -50.74 3.98 53.25
4.00 --56 . 54 4.02 -60 .72 4.04 -29.48 4.06 -0.01
4.()EJ -11. 45 4.10 - 13.56 4.12 -29.51 4.14 -17.90
'
4. :1.6 -5. 79 4.18 -20 .86 4.20 -36.42 4.22 -48.25
4.24 --65. 77 4.26 -89.37 4.28 -57.35 4.30 -24.64
t
4.32 36.90 43.51 4.36 45.91 4.38 79.10
4.40 4.42 162.46 4,44 180.45 4.46 176.27
I
4,49 171.40 4.50 137.30 4.52 88.09 4.54 11.6.18
4. :::16 181.74 4.58 226.02 4.60 206.24 4.62 181.06
4.64 154.22 4.66 131.00 4.68 142.61 4.70 142.55
L
4.72 143. 17 4.74 66 .19 4.76 7.37 4.78 -98.06
'
4.ElO --99. 79 4.82 -1;>4.48 4.84 -164.?'7 4.86 -Hl2.10
4.88 -143.81 4.90 - 1f!0.57 4.92 - 221_,. 74 4.94 -240.15
4.96 -158.11 4.98 -llB.84 5.00 - 110.47 5.02 -139.58
() 4 -151. 7 ,1. 5. o,s -117 .55 5.08 -87 . 40 5 .10 13.18
l 2 37., 14 5.14 49.04 5. 16 74.00 5 .18 lf.13. 00
0 241.99 5. 22 57 5.24 259.21 5.26 199.39
28 1:1.0.84 5.30 19.73 5.32 - 30. 77 5.34 -16.42
5.36 - 15.81 5.38 - 16.57 5.40 -44 . 21 5.42 -Ell .36
5,44 -57.01 5.46 -107 .11 5.48 - 163.99 5,50 -249.02
5.52 -243.80 5,54 -208. 46 5.56 -122 .11 5.58 -121.59
5.60 -92.44 5.62 - 81.92 5.64 - :1.13.39 5.66 - 138.50
5.68 -169.55 5.70 - 124.01 5.72 12.46 5.74 15.92
5.76 36. 15 5.78 134.76 5 .80 l31.54 5.82 95.95
5.84 89. 98 5.86 87.84 5.88 203.33 5,90 209.62
5.92 154.12 5.94 154.72 5.96 84.80
5,99 30.86
6.00 123.48 6.02 146.75 6.04 60.63 6.06 -3.02
6.08 -62.94 6.10 -118.35 6.12 - 118.72 6.14 -60 .14
6.16 -20.89 6.18
- 9.69 6.20 25.54 6.22 48.81
6.24 -37.99 -40.04 6.28 -2.45 6.30 7 .17
6. -12.24 6.34 - 40.96 6.36 -59 .98 6.38 -47 .B1
t,. 40 -107.24 6.42 -37.87 6.44 25.22 6.46 79 .09
6.48 73.31 6150
82.74 6.52 36.25
6.54 - 14.94
6.56 28 6.58 - 2.95 6.60 8.73 6.62 25.91
6.64 68.99 6.66 44.77 6.68 20.45 6.70 47,73
6.72 26. 45 6.74 39.51 6.76 -53.29 6.78 - 128.62
6.80 - 147.74 6.82 -156.56 6.84 -103 .38 6.86 - 41. 27
6.88 - 3.40 6.90 38.40 6.92 39.09 6.94 - 18.19
6.96 --65.17 6.98 - 98.23 7.oo - 120 .49 7.02 - 45.14
?.04 24. 81 7.06 101.63 7.08 72. 1.1 7 .10 l.00.17
7.12 -11.07 7.14 -78.95 7 .16 - 140.06 7.18 -63. 5 4
7.20 -- 25.37
7 '')'')
. ...:... ...:... -51.56 7.24 -109.63 7.26 --95. 50
7.28 --100. 99 7,30 -59 .30 7.32 -12 .01 7,34 -31.23
7.36 40.77 7.38 -23.58 7,40 - 115.30 7.42 -52.41
7. 44 - 23.08 7.46 -22.39 7.48 74.83 7.50 83.46
7.52 94.45 7.54 95.63 7.56 2.24 7.58 37.75
7.60 37.36 7.62 - 1 c; 34 7.64 71.90 7.66 147.14
7.68 219.44 7.70 220.12 7.72 222.09
7,74 138.31
7.76 206.49 7.78 212.57 7.80 100.73 7.82 97.30
784 1'41. 34 7.86 9.7. 49 7.88 60,21 7.90 195.00
7.92 258.56 7,94 189.89 7.96 54.81 7.98 -45. 75
a.oo 46. 76 a.02 69.81 8.04 27.43 8.06 124.44
a.oa --116.69 a.10 -248.05 a.12 -332 . 52 8.14 -347.63
8.16 -57 85 a.10 75.96 a.20 -45.59 a.22 -58.84
54
J
J
J
J
I
I
J
I

J
i
J
J
_I
J
., TtME
1
ACC. TIME: ACC.
1 ... a.24 -2a.43 a.26 -100.60
\ ,
I
a.34 a.32
8.40
8.48
207.96
40.88
-10.85
' .t 8.42
8.50
265.54
121.12
-97 .18
75. 35 t
55.90
56.25
8.58 127.63
8.66 116.81
B.74 -188.42
B.56
8.64
8.72
a.ao
B.88
8.96
9.04
9.12
9.20
9.28
9.36
9.44
-99 . 57 8.82 55.81
8.90 -33.10
41 52 I' 8. 98 20. 22
-318.94 9.06 -242.63
228.11 9.14 128.92
137.52
236.45
- 40 . 05
191.
9.52 5 :L42
9. t.>(J 269. 48
9 6 8 -- 7 1 2 8
9.76 - 1 78.67
9 B 4 -- l 1 2 7 1
9.92 34.37
10 00 75 29
1 o . on 2 o . 2 1
10.1t.. 3 7 '9.17
10.24 578.83
10.32 - 588.05
10.40 - 647.37
10.48 - 84.26
10.56 :i 33.98
10.64 -83.45
10.72 -573.54
10.80 551.09
10. BEl -- 733. 42
10. 96 - 482. 76
11.04 708.08
11.12 - 692.28
11.20 -192.85
11 28 - 519. 71
11 3'b ? 1 80
11.44 1:').63
- 101. 7 9
11. 6 0 --157.81
11.6El 147.19
11.76 39.38
11.84 - 334.B7
11.92 149.45
12.00 -161.92
12.08 -224.01
12.16
12 .24 439 .34
12.3? 5 .35
12.40 222 .34
12.48 -212.73
12.56 -- flS.53
9.22 135.05
9.30 66.33
9.38 42.73
9.46 92.31
9.54
9.62
9.70
9.78
9.86
9.94
10.02
10.10
10. 18
222.73
9<7.06
--116.62
-- 257. 46
- 107.14
- 153.80
492.11
199.21.
3 2 3.73
10.26 -- 29.90
10.34 - 532.64
10.42 - 476.90
10.50 184.61
10. 5 8 595.95
10.66 -151.75
10.74 -250.42
l0.82 --37.04
10.90 - 633.77
10.98 - 234.00
11.06 480.07
11.14 - 545.16
11.::>2 - 142.25
1i.30 - 159.61
11.38 -145.38
l 1. 46 --13:1.. 45
11. 5 4 -21. .87
11.62 - 117.02
11.70 254.19
1.1.78 -124.86
11.8& -285.45
ll.94 2 02.30
1 2 0 2 - 2 6 0 3
:1.2.10 -55.80
12.18 306.29
1.2.26 335.82
12.34 3.95
12 .42 377.51.
1.2.50 - 410.03
12. - 136. 14
55
TIHE ACC.
8.28 29.83
8.36 122.70
8.44 86.68
a.52 37.09
8.60 39.23
8.68 71.18
8.76 -75.12
8.84 238.76
B.92 -50.67
9.00 77.99
9.08 -313.77
9.16 184.24
9.24 205.18
9.32 -30.70
9.40 172.80
9.48 144.69
9.56 223.70
9 6 4 -- 6 2 7 2
9.72 -151.36
9.80 --382.35
9.88 32.93
9.96 -399.56
10.04 555.37
10.12 -524.58
10.20 228.65
10.28 -377.09
10.36 -584.06
10.44 -380.88
10.52
10.60
10.68
10.76
10.84
l.37.99
673.33
-371.31
78
- 149.88
10.92 -545.50
11.00 34.08
11.oe - 1e2.32
11.16 - 460.13
11.24 - 41.8.72
11.32 "76.t.>9
11.40 45.60
1 l 4 8 -- 1 3 8 0 4
ll.56 2 .44
11. 64 - 95. 5 6
11. 7 2 56.89
11.80 -272.82
11.88 -336.09
11.96 230.04
12.04 -240.15
12.12 -54.64
12.20 420.26
1?. 28 201. 89
12.36 184.33
12.44 161.67
12.52 - 364.14
12.60 - 227.39
\
.
.
I :Y-IHE
ACC.
8.30 125.66
8.38 -130.30
8.46 -54.89
.. , a.54 -29.41
8.62 86.12
8.70 194.09
8.78 -93.(7
a.e6
8.94
9.02
9. 10
9.18
9.26
9.34
9.42
4.68
115.40
-243.89
63.61
97.11
138.95
-43.96
228.11
9.50 - 62.12
9.58 150.50
9.66 --119.53
9.74 -121.85
9.82 -300.56
9.90 220.58
9.98 -104.30
10.06
10.14
10.22
10;30
10.38
10.46
10.54
10.62
10.70
10.78
10.86
10.94
626.28
-0.65
144.76
-327.18
-534.93
-275.54
305.03
722.56
-606.77
780.07
-619.01
-370. 32
11.02 915.39
11.10 -702.36
11.18 -314.27
11.26 -454.94
11.34 135.03
11.42 143.28
1.1.50
11.58
11..66
11 7'4
-102.95
-140.71
- 136.00
-30.64
11 e: - 300. 1
11.90 - 99.8()
l.1.9B 160.86
12.06
12.14
12.22
12.30
12.38
12.46
-255.48
123.78
451. 23
108.47
.268.18
34.21
12.54 -195.63
12.62 - 264.30
1
T TME AC1.: . fIML Ai.: C. TIM[ t .. c1 . TIME ACC.
12.64 -357.91 12.66 -253.95 12.68 -64.74 12.70 448.20
L
12.72 38{,.47 :1.2.74 159.44 12.76 - 192.37 12.7B -302 . 2t>
12.BO -397.84 12.82 -329.68 :12. 84 - 134.:1. 9 12.fll> 160.97
1.2.88 459. T5 12.
1
;0 326.41 12.92 303.73 12.94 :.:.>5().
!
12.96 94.B3 12.98 -3.89 13.00 282. 15 13.02 337.06
13.04 259.44 13.06 255. 13.08 13().79 13.10 1.02.31
t3.12 70.02 13.14 115.61 13 .16 .92 . 14 13 .18 110.85
l
l3.20 44.52 13.22 13. 2 4 242.63 13.26 116.45
.l 3. 2B -72.02 13.30 -171.52 13.32 -- 174.48 1.3.34 --195.11
l3.36 -209.45 13.3fl -54.87 13.40 -81. 87 13.42 -118.6f:l
13.44 -1-23.3:1. 13.46 --429.31 l.3.48 13. 50 --602.
13.52 --21 4.43 t 119 .. 13.5b 34/.83 13.50
13.60 128.R3 13 .1.,2 l. 97. 13.64 13?.32 1 3 .t-6 235.98
13.68 667.BO 13. 7() 587.04 13.72 339. 13.74 278 . 18
j
13.76 se 13. 70 309.63 13.80 157.06 13. 1.34.77
13.84
274 .. @!':i
13.fJ6 371. 74 13.88 409.90 13.90
1:3.92 109.07 13.94 46. 13.96 -9. 13.9fJ - 4 4
L
14.00 -67 .49 14.02 268 . 19 14.04 303 . / ; (I 14.06 57
14.08 396.05 1.4.10 293.32 14.12 65. 1.4.14 202 .34
I
14.16 262.26 14.18 205. 14.20 14f:I. 14 14.22 92. 79
I
t
14.24 30.77 14.26 -46. 14.28 14.30 -r;B. 3B
14.]2 188.54 14.34 190.88 14.36 20B.91 14. 38. 106 . !El
14.40 25.43 14.42 101.03 14.44 17 .84 14.46 - B3.61
14.48 -155.53 l4.50 -230 . 10 14.52 -342 . 25 14.54 -306 .07
14.56 36.38 14.'.:-ifl
255. ;:.\
14.60 122. 19 14.62 -D. 99
I 14.64 -56.78 14.66 -- 62. 09 14.68
,') 1 j 14.70
I-
14.72 66.08 14.74 11.23 14.76 -!Ml. 'JO 14.7El --3 :13 .02
14.80 t 4. fl? - 60. t 14.84 -5c.>. 0 8 14. 8t.. 7 7.65
14.88 12B. 75 l 1 . ?O 63.40 14.92 -2<.>S> . . 14.94 -325. 00
I 14.96 08 14.<;>B -243. 11 15.00
7 . 15. 02 Hl2 .12
15.04 310.62 15 .. 06 23b.45 15.08 72 .51 f5. 10
....
15 .12 -205.04 15 . 1 4 - 132. 26 15 .16 1().1 7 1 5 .lf.l 106.5S'
15.20
0
159.06 15. 20. :14 15.24 -114.46 15.26 -200.01
15.28 -171.28 15.30 --122 . 73 15.32 -7f.I. B9 15.34 -28 .97
15.36 -59.09 15.38 -80.00 15.40 69 15.42 5.23
15.44 -67.47 15.4f.> -47.66 15.48 --46. ?O 15.50 -132.()4
15.52 -213.18 -290.39 15. 56 74 15.58 3B
15.60 -287.57 :1.5. 62 - 329.17 15. 6 4 - 366. 26 15.66 -33:':). 56
15.68 -280.34 15.70 -1 22 15.72 -48.83 15.74 41.61
15.76 167.95 15.7B 88.9B 15.BO 96. 24 15.82 -9B . 50
15.84 117.12 15.86 18!:1. 72 15.BB f.10. 81 15.90 27.24
15.92 - 10. 56 15.94 116.31 15.96 56.07 15.98 -5.73
16.00 121.50 16.02 149.45 16.04 -7 .51 16.06 -- 114.24
-
16.08 -154.37 16.10 17. 2 1 16 .12 35.75 16. 1'4 60.66
16.16 104.61 16.l.8 53.79 16.20 --:!2.14 16.22 -<'J3 . 46
16.24 43.00 16. 21J 87.53 16.28 60.07 16.30 El4.49
16.32 -3.21 16.34 6.99 16.36 20.93 16.38 --51.37
16.40 - 136.42 16.42 -95.51 16.44 -12.42 16.46 -78. 15
16.48 -138.58 16.50 -124.25 16.52 -76.57 16.54 -167.31
l.6.56 -214.79 16.58 - 192.03 16.60 -77.34 16.62 3.0()
16.64 15. 16.66 41.27 16.68 59.72 16.70 79.73
16.72 -14.34 16.74 -89.38 16.76 -24.43 16.78 140.87
16.80 104.68 16.82 165.21 16.84 -6. 75 16.86 -6.26
16.88
_:96.01 16.90 -149.17 16.92 -149.66 16.94 -10.15
16.96 -e.3a 16.98 -S.23 17.00 62.17
,-
17.02 -52.50
S6
L
L
l.
I
j
J
J
J
J
J
J
_l
l
' l'lMF
At.:C. l' TIHf. 1
1
ACC.
--80. 35

17.06
17.14
17.22
17.04
17. 12
17.20
17.28
17.36
17.44
17.52
17.6()
17.6fl
17.76
t7.84
17.92
ULOO
t8.08
18. l 6
J8.24
18.32
75.45 17.30
-84.86
144.83
-28.67
121.37 .
168.99 ') 17.38 60.30
-70. 02
-- 66. 72
-65.03 17.46
-136.00 17.54
23.28 17.62 -36. 16
- 204.74 17.70 -244.06
38.90 17.78 - 28.0El
-2.82 17.06 15.25
18.40
18.48
18.56
18.64
18.72
18.80
:18. 88
l.EI, 96
l.9.04
19.:1.2
19.20
1 <,;>.
l 9.
19.44
19.52
:19.60
J9,6B
:19. 76
19. 04
73
45.70
- 60.17
72\45
-1 t6.0l
84.40
70.37
:?32 .14
l 6'.:"i . 2 4
247.94
-5. 04
2 .13
- J 2. 7 6
93.50
- 14 2. 50
15.28
--'5 1. 89
134.63
11 7 .31

189.40
ltl.06
- 1"24. 03
69.67
-- 3 l.. :51
1 9 9 ::.' - t 2 2 6 8
20.00 :1.14.48
20 .on
2 () 1 <!>
:.!O. 24
20.
20.40
20.4B
20.56
20.64
20.72
20.80
277 .39
- 49.11
3.93
-257.53
-39. 77
-388 .63
-61. 00
-152.05
-91. 93
-33 .27
20.88 -72 .92
20.96 105.72
::>l. .04 - .l46.50
:? :l. . l 2 :! 1.74
'.:> :I 2 0 8 8 2 5
:?. l. 2 f:l 3 0 0 8
:..> :1 3 "" - 7 4 f, 6
17.94 -40.20
18.02 46.80
18.10 - 140.98
18.18 - 137.27
18.26 - 201.73
18.34 8!:J.50
18.42
l.8.50
18.58
18.66
18.74
18.02
18.90
18.98
l <J, 06
19.14
19.22
19.30
l.9.38
19.46
19.54
19.62
19.70
19.78
19.86
4.86
316.92
158.40
279.26
139.29
-133.90
60.35
12.60
51.97
...-28. 05
_ .. 95,21
2 48 .l\b
l.91.31
-81.76
275.17
-20 ./6
-- 33.64
85.70
30.43
19.94 - 102 .B3
20. 02 -- 83. :.!4
20.l.O
20.18 - 80.36
20.26 51.75
20.34 - 146.83
20.42
20.50
20.58
2 0.6'6
20.74
20.82
20.90
20.98
21.06
21.l.4
21.30
2 l
64.75
-267.34
-1.50
--242. 65
36.24
17 .19
- 19.ll.
166. 10
-99. 17
- 27. 17
103.
43.37

57
T IHE f ACC.
17.08
17.16
17.24
17.32
17.40
17.48
17..56
17.64
-88.58
135.42
48.65
144.44
18.23
-35. 28'
-9.42
-98.53
17.72 -83.95
17.80 22.56
17.88 -118.93
17.96
1a.04 - 10.oa
18.12 -1 46.45
18.20 - 96.83
18.28 -202.39
18.36 62. 28
:t.B.44 169.70
18.52 205.41
18.60 200.80
18.68 222.10
:l.8.76 127.05
18.84 -1 36.82
l.8.92 151.22
19.00 -72.22
19.08 6.19
1 9 16 - 1 7 4 0 9
19.24 - 95.68
19.32 196.70
19.40 -129.84
19.48 - 130.77
19.56 283.74
l.9.64 - 142.45
19.72 - 28.01
19.80 - 40.61
l. 9. 88 -4 2. 13
19.96 -151.t'14
20.04 6? .38
20.12 12l.ll 9
20.20 -53.44
20.28 15.50
20.36 -75.27
20.44 66.36
20.52 -132.31
20.60 5.21
20.68 -123.90
20.76 -3 .25
20.84 -95.08
20.92 -61.54
21.00 61.57
21.08 11.24
21.16 -40.85
2l..24 72.26
21.32 45 .77
:?1 .40 - 22.79
TIHE ACC
17.10 -112.31
17.18 77.26
17.26 30.80
l f 17.34 150.43
17.42 -44.05
t 17.50 -77.74
::')
17.58 66 . 13
17.66 -142.17
17.74 33.20
17.02 30.91
17.90
17.98
18.06
18.14
30.87
-37.33
3.86
18.22 -102.30
18.30 47.00
18.38 52.59
18.46
18.54
l.8.t12
18.70
18.78
18.86
181.69
197.78
171.40
61.64
105.60
-41.43
1a.c14 1t,o.23
19.02 -- 148.12
-34.98
19.18 -102.84
19.26

19.42
19.50
19.58
19.66
19.74
- 51.69
126.89
- 39.75
60.07
88.76
-199.90
32.55
l.9.82 12.10
19.90 -153.43
19.98 - 101.57
20.06 216.04
20.14 -39.44
20.22 -14.75
20.30 -BS.01
20.38 32.00
20.46 -229.46
20.54
20.62 -94.02
20.70 -152.99
20.78 -32.93
20.86 -160.47
20.94 44.26
21.02 -27.85
21.10 9.62
21.HI
21.26 43.37
21.34 l5.0?
21.42 38.1EI
IT Mf: tit.: 1.: r.1.m
ACC. TTML AL:f'
TIME ACC.
21.44 39.60 21.46 126.76 21.48 123. 18 21.50 83.21
21.52 70.70 21.54 74.29 21.56 3B.04 21.58 -8.02
21.60 -63.88 21.62 -152.81 21.64 -140.10 21.66 -91.68
21.68 -48.17 21.70 78.03 21. 72 98.69 21.74 110.71
21.76 21.78 -14.36 21.80 -85.04 21.82 -181.72
21.84 -42. 17 21.86 23.71 21.88 -88.66 21.90 -37.59
21.92 -26.65 21.94 -50.24 21.96 -80.89 21. 98 -25.71
22.00 28.30 2:?. 02 28.55 22.04 -112.37 22.06 -63.46
22.08 -42.41 22. 10 22.12 -56.92 22. 14 -56.38
22 .16 -6B.29 22.18 - 106.89
-135.97 22.22 -140.92
22.24 -101.03 22.26 57.74 22.28 192.69
22.30 212.07
22.32 146.00 22.34 44.72 22.36 -4.47 22.38 -34.24
22.40 71.86 22.42 137.54 22.44 195.58 22.46 216.33
22.48 217.27 22.50 150.81 22.52 108.49 22.54 53.90
22.56 o.59 22.58 -31.14 22.60 -35.00 22.62 84.73
22.64 57.71 22.66 129.87 22.68 163.77 22.70 189.73
.
22.72 92."76 22.74 83.40 22.76 72.27 22.78 6.51
22.ao -86. 14 22. -- 141.32 22.84 -78.28 22.86 -43 .10
,-
22.0s -92.BS 22.90 -?5.46 22.92 -71.48 22. S'4 -115.27
I
22.96 -194.58 22.98 23.00 -178.48 23.02 -50.59
l
23.04 17.'74 23.06 136.50 23.08 59.45 23. 10 A.08
-
23. 12 34.45 23.14 84.93 23 .16 112.65 23. 18 107.12
23.20 76.47 23.22 31.50 23.24 -46.53 23.26 -47.75
23.28 61.89 23.30 142.09 32 184.43 23.34 215.8H
1-
23.36 20:L.62 23. 145.37 23.40 91.37 23.42 106.44
I
23.44 23.46 54.96 23.48 29.21 23.50 - 10. 75
I
23.52 -61.90 23.54 - to:=: ;. 99 23. - 43.64 23.58 - B7.43
l
23.60 -91.20 23. 84.66 23.64 103.36 23.66 21.80
I -
23.68 -50.64 23.70 - 46.76 23.72 -,63. 96 23.74 95
23.76 23. 17 23.78 97.59 23.80 46.83
23.82 - 29.04
23.84 -44.38 23.86 - 9 .10 23.88 19.11 23.90 39.97
23.92 64.85 23.94 92.37 23.96 51 .13 23.98 -31.01
24.00 -65.09 24.02 8.54 24.04 23.32 24.06 36.82
24.08 2 .15 24 .,10 58.81 24 .12 59.95 24.14 63.84
24.16 107.65 24.18 129. 19 24.20 12.71 24.22 -22.74
24.24 -92.63 24.26 -95.90 24.28 -75.63 24.30 ..:. 37. 70
24.32 40.54 24.34 88.38 24.36 63.52 24.38 38.56
24.40 10.67 24.42 8.27 24.44 -56.90 24.46 -91.86
24.48 -128.69 24.50 -139.91 24.52 -157.60 24.54 - 188.34
24.56 - 1 26 24.58 -- 101.30 24.60 -27.37 24.62 34 .10
24.64 51.42 24.66 10.77 24.68 - 46. 85 24.70 -111.24
24.72 -166.11 24.74 -175.86 24.76 -143.23 24.78 -111.68
24.80 -85. 13 24.82 -57.01 24.84 -100.02 24.86 -125.07
24.88 -11.25
24.90 - 55. 68 24.92 -48.46 24.94 - 39.87
24.96 -28.82 24.9B -- 66. 23 25.00 -101.19
Corrected accelerogram of the Tabas ( Iran ) earthquake of 16th September 1978
Component
.
tH6W } .
1000
z,....
OU
_....,
-Vl
cc .......
a:u
0 ....,....,

f
............. ,,
U%
.
uu
'" 1".
cc --
t
1000
\
s
'
1 s zo 2S
l l ME( SECONDS)
t .:'
58

. , { .
J t
NAGHAN EARTHQUAKE APR 6 1977 (1356/1/17)
COMPONENT
LONGITUDINAL DURATION=S.00 SECONDS

'
">
f
,,
PEAK VALUE=-709.46
CH/SEC/SEC
1. 1.


I
CORRECTED ACCELEROGRAM: UNIT IS CM/SEC/SEC
.
,
TIME ACC. TIME
ACC. TIME ACC. TIME ACC.
'
o.oo 14.68 0.02
14.51
0 .04 24.25 0.06 ' 27.0S
o.oe 30.63 0.10 26.57 0 .12 16.67 0.14 16.69
0.16 21.22 0.18 13.26 0.20 20.84 0.22 20.96
0.24 24.80 0.26 21. 27
0.20 2.70 o.3o 31.60
0.32 30.68 0.34 21.88
0.36 29.11 o.38 17.49
<>.40 13.1:? 0.42 15.00 0.44 34.68 o.46 26.56
0.48 8.45 o.5o 4.66 o.s2 27.86 o.s4 49.49
0.56 64', 0.58 28.83 0.60 18.46 0.62 -0.15
0.64 -23,.67 0.66 -13.19 0.68 20.32 0.70 26.85
0.72 40.85 0.74 69.86 o.76 31.93 o.78 -1.41
0.80 -0.57 0.82 12 .10 0.84 58.28 0.86 38.04
0.88 27.37 0.90 11.40 0.92 11. 47 o.94 -7.00
0.96 14.54 0.9B 21.10 1.00 46.66 1.02 51.12
1. 04 56.67 1.06 9.29 1.08 -2.40 1.10 32.01
1.12 76.75 1.14 131.55 1.16 232.65 1.10 298 .16
1.20 325. 19 1.22 364.39 1.24 293.34 t.26 323.53
1.28 333.67 1.30 394.41 1.32 328.25 1.34 62.06
1.36 -200.78 1.38 -412.21 1.40 -494.85 1.-42 -464.28
1. 44 - 460.84 1.46 -42'7.63 1.48 -352.00
1.50.-195.35
1.52 -206.94 1. 54 -424. 1.56 -328.27
1.58 166.4-4
l..60 301..69 1.62 283.30 1.64 277.28 1.66 -322.96
- I
1.68 - 406.68 1. 70 -73.22 1.72 205.98 1.74 -14.38
1. 76 .. -412.44 1 '78 -1.2.3() 1.80 341.72 1. 82 40.56
1. 84 --190. 38 1.B6 -306.36 1.00 -66.94
1.90 608.34
:l. 9::> 707.44 1.94 268. 10 1.96 -21.s2 1. 98 -246.20
2.00 - 498. 51 2.02 -562.32 2.04 -80.83 2.06 503.32
2.08 --506. 06 2. 10 -709.46 2.12 -397.97 2 .14 -126.83
2. 16 - 476.40 2. 18 - 383.60 2.20 181.61 2.22 315.35
2.24 343.45 2.26 -4.27 2.20 -218.43 2.30 82.55
2.32 127.99 2.34 -295.64 2.36 -539.70 2. 38. -605.92
2.40 -394.09 2.42 81.63 2.44 510.00 2.46 334.23
2.48 144.07 2.50 106.08 2.52 218.83 2.54 244.34
2.56 115.16 2.58 55.67 2.60 107.17 2.62 120.79
2.64 2.93 2.66 84.32 2.68 23.08 2.70 -146.83
2.72 1. 73 2.74 2.76 55.59 2.78 -129.34
2.80 -74.1 2 2 .82 23.00 2.84 71. 2.86 111.61
2.8!3 32.23 2.90 46.95 2.92 116.53 2.94 -10.75
2.96 -34.23 2.98 -22.88 3.00 -20.34 3.02 -34 .-20
3.04 - 46.88 3. 06. - 43.36 3.08 61.97 3 .10 95 .16
3. l. 2 138.67 3 .14 - 9.94 3 .16 -118.33 3 .18 39.37
3. ::?o 67.43 3. -55.50 3.24 -26. 00 3.26 80.37
3. 149.29 3. 30 67.36 3.32 -65.13 3.34 -11.16
3.36 19. 16 3. -21.69 3.40 56.01 3.42 216.65
3.44 169.04 3. 41.1 57 .09 3.48 50.38 3.50 80.52
3. '.-; 2
9?..66 3. -64. 79 56 - 86. 15 3.58 -60.9l.
3.6() -- 4 17 3.62 32.33 3.64 31.99 3.66 39.11
3.6B 136.59 3.70 104.57 3.72 30.51 3.74 12.89
3.76 -26 .. 81 3.78 - 50. 74 3.80 -47.88 3.82 19.41
59
I
I
I
1
I
I
I

l(MF: ri ce. flME ACC . TIME
8 4 50. ::) -<.> O, 1 5 3. RG
3. -90. 9B 3. 9 1 -l,5 . 3. 9,5
4.00 20. 4. (>2
33 .3l 4.04
4.08
8 2 ... )0
4. 10 2 0 . 7 1 4.1 2
4. t 6 -:L03.84 4 . 1 n -l.03.43 4. ::!o
4. 21 60.?3 4. '?b 1 30 . 6 1 4. 28
4. -27 .:10 4. 3 4 - 1 l 34 4+36
1. -10 -1l'7.24 4.4?. -- l
4.44
4. 4!3 6 .S
4 c:' j
+ _ I L
4. 84. :>3 .1 0 4 .60
4.64 16 .02 4 . 66 -62. '70 4.68
4.72 13. 1 1 4 .7 4 42 .3H 4.76
4.80 90. '.2 l 4 , - 49. 59 4. 84
4, H>3 -29. (, .q
4.90 69. 4.92
4. 96 2"7. 4.98 -0.22 5 .00
Corrected accelerogram of the Naghan ( Iran }
(Component : Longitudinal }
z-
ou
....... w
1-- U"I
ex: .........
800
.x u 0
w w ..... ...
-' U"I
w-.......

uu
ex: __,
1 2 3 4 s
TIME(SEC)
60
ACC. THiE ACC.
- 1 2 .8R 3.90 -32 .5H
1.4.40 3, 9fl "72
46.07 4.06 1HJ.64
45
4.14
- 146.B9 4.22 -84.49
4.30 - 13.74
19. i'4 4.38 -16.7B
4.46 -102.33
','?. . 67 4 .54 92 .12
--40. B6 4 . :S '2 6 .19
- 43.60 4. 70 1.94
118.69 4. 7B
-1 ?? .84 4.06 - :I. f3 5
:L 04. 3!'.'i 4.94 2.37
:L. 80
earthquake of 6th April 1977
..
" .
. (.,
'r