RA41211EN10GLA1

LTE Functionalities & Features Overview

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LTE Functionalities and Features Overview
LTE Radio Parameters RL10
RA41211EN10GLA1
LTE Functionalities & Features Overview
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Nokia Siemens Networks Academy
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RA41211EN10GLA1
LTE Functionalities & Features Overview
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1. LTE Functionalities and Overview
2. Channel Configuration
3. General parameter DB structure and System Information
Broadcast
4. Random Access
5. Radio Admission Control (RAC)
6. Radio Bearer Control & DRX /DTX Management
7. LTE Mobility Management
8. UL/DL Scheduler
9. MIMO Mode Control (MIMO-MC)
10.Power Control
Contents
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LTE Functionalities & Features Overview
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LTE in 3GPP Release 8
3GPP and Operator Requirements
Packet Switched Domain Optimized
RTT <10 ms
Access Delay <300 ms
Peak Rates UL/DL 50/100 Mbps
Good Mobility and Security
Improve Terminal Power Efficiency
Frequency Allocation Flexibility with 1.4,3, 5,
10, 15 and 20 MHz Allocations
WCDMA evolution work to continue
3-4 times higher capacity expected than with
Release 6 HSDPA/HSUPA reference case
Study Phase
2004: 3GPP workshop on UTRAN Long Term
Evolution
03/2005 Start of the study
12/2005 Multiple Access selected
03/2006 eNB/Core functional split selected
09/2006 Close of the study item & approval of
work plan
Release 8 Stage 3 Output
06/2008 baseline
09/2008 baseline: Major PHY updates.
12/2008 baseline: Major MAC updates.
03/2009 baseline: Major L3 updates.
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LTE/EPC Network Elements
Main references to architecture in 3GPP specs.: TS23.401,TS23.402,TS36.300
NOTE: Interface names are from draft specification and may not be the final interface names
LTE-UE
Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)
MME S10
S6a
Serving
Gateway
S1-U
S11
PDN
Gateway
PDN
Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
S
1
-
M
M
E
PCRF
S7 Rx+
SGi S5/S8
Evolved Node B
(eNB)
X2
LTE-Uu
HSS
Mobility
Management
Entity
Policy &
Charging Rule
Function
S-GW /P-GW
eNB
HSS: Home subscriber server ( part of IMS)
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LTE Radio Interface and the X2 Interface
LTE-Uu interface
Air interface of LTE
Based on OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in
UL
FDD and TDD duplex methods
Scalable bandwidth 1.4MHz to currently
20 MHz
X2 interface
Inter eNB interface
X2AP: special signalling protocol
Functionalities:
For an inter- eNB HO to facilitate
handover and provide data forwarding.
In RRM to provide e.g. load information
to neighbouring eNBs to facilitate
interference management
Logical interface: It does not need direct
site-to-site connection, i.e. it can be
routed via core network as well
(E)-RRC
(E)-RRC User PDUs
User PDUs
User PDUs
User PDUs
PDCP
PDCP
..
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
LTE-L1 (FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA)
LTE-L1 (FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA)
TS 36.300
eNB
LTE-Uu
eNB
X2
User PDUs
User PDUs
GTP-U
GTP-U
UDP
UDP
IP
IP
L1/L2
L1/L2
TS 36.424
X2-UP
(User Plane)
X2-CP
(Control Plane)
X2-AP
X2-AP
SCTP
SCTP
IP
IP
L1/L2
L1/L2 TS 36.421
TS 36.422
TS 36.423
TS 36.421
TS 36.420
UDP: User Datagram Protocol ( L4 Transport Layer) . Similar to TCP but only
provides connectionless service.
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S1-MME & S1-U Interfaces
S1-MME interface
Control interface between eNB and
MME
S1AP:S1 Application Protocol
MME and UE will exchange non-
access stratum signaling via eNB
through this interface ( i.e.
authentication, tracking area updates)
S1-U interface
User plane interface between eNB and
serving gateway
Pure user data interface (U=User plane)
MME
Serving
Gateway
S1-MME
(Control Plane)
S1-U
(User Plane)
NAS Protocols
NAS Protocols
S1-AP
S1-AP
SCTP
SCTP
IP
IP
L1/L2
L1/L2
User PDUs
User PDUs
GTP-U
GTP-U
UDP
UDP
IP
IP
L1/L2
L1/L2
TS 36.411
TS 36.411
TS 36.412
TS 36.413
TS 36.414
TS 36.410
[currently in TS 36.300 19]
eNB
S1 interface is divided into two parts:
SCTP: Stream Control Transmission Protocol. For IP signalling. Ensures reliable, in-
sequence transport of messages with congestion control Similar to TCP but with
advantages:
Multi-homing support, where one (or both) endpoints of a connection can consist of
more than one IP address, enabling transparent fail-over between redundant network
paths.
Transaction-oriented, it transports data in one or more messages instead of in byte
streams ( TCP)
GTP: GPRS Tunnelling Protocol ( same as for UMTS Rel 99): user plane traffic
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Physical Layer Technologies
Downlink: OFDM (Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiplexing).
Uplink: SC-FDMA (Single-Carrier
Frequency Division Multiple Access).
Both FDD and TDD modes available.
Subcarrier spacing 15 kHz.
Scalable bandwidth.
Only FDD with 5, 10 and 20 MHz
Bandwidth supported in RL10
FDD Carrier
Bandwidth
[MHz]
Number of
Resource
Blocks
1.4 6
3 15
5 25
10 50
15 75
20 100
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7 symbols
(0.5 ms)
1
2

s
u
b
c
a
r
r
i
e
r
s
(
1
8
0

k
H
z
)
Symbol rate = 168 ksps
QPSK => 2 bits per symbol => 336 kbps
16QAM => 4 bits per symbol => 672 kbps
64QAM => 6 bits per symbol => 1.008 Mbps
Resource Block (RB)
Basic unit of resource
12 subcarriers wide in the frequency domain
7 symbols long in the time domain
Thus, 84 symbols per resource block
Bit Rate per Resource Block depends upon
modulation scheme
Exercise - Theoretical RB Capacity
(normal cyclic prefix case)
Bit Rates per
Resource Block
Based upon
3GPP TS 36.211
TTI is 1 ms, i.e.
duration of 2
resource blocks
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Channel Bandwidth
1.4 MHz 3 MHz 5 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz
QPSK 2.016 5.040 8.400 16.800 25.200 33.600
16QAM 4.032 10.080 16.800 33.600 50.400 67.200
64QAM 6.048 15.120 25.200 50.400 75.600 100.800
64QAM (2+2 MIMO) 12.096 30.240 50.400 100.800 151.200 201.600
64QAM (4+4 MIMO) 24.192 60.480 100.800 201.600 302.400 403.200
Bit Rates per Resource Block Number of Resource Blocks
These bit rates are applicable to the bottom of the Physical Layer,
i.e. coding rate has not been taken into account
Also requirement to account for the overheads generated by
Reference and Synchronisation Signals + other Physical Channels
Exercise - Theoretical LTE Bit Rates - Downlink
Figures in Mbps
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LTE Peak Layer 1 Data Rates
Downlink: Peak Rate 172 Mbps with 2x2 MIMO and 20 MHz
Modulation coding 1.4 MHz 3.0 MHz 5.0 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz
QPSK 1/2 Single stream 0.7 2.1 3.5 7.0 10.6 14.1
16QAM 1/2 Single stream 1.4 4.1 7.0 14.1 21.2 28.3
16QAM 3/4 Single stream 2.2 6.2 10.5 21.1 31.8 42.4
64QAM 3/4 Single stream 3.3 9.3 15.7 31.7 47.7 63.6
64QAM 4/4 Single stream 4.3 12.4 21.0 42.3 63.6 84.9
64QAM 3/4 2x2 MIMO 6.6 18.9 31.9 64.3 96.7 129.1
64QAM 1/1 2x2 MIMO 8.8 25.3 42.5 85.7 128.9 172.1
64QAM 1/1 4x4 MIMO 16.6 47.7 80.3 161.9 243.5 325.1
Modulation coding 1.4 MHz 3.0 MHz 5.0 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz
QPSK 1/2 Single stream 0.7 2.0 3.5 7.1 10.8 14.3
16QAM 1/2 Single stream 1.4 4.0 6.9 14.1 21.6 28.5
16QAM 3/4 Single stream 2.2 6.0 10.4 21.2 32.4 42.8
16QAM 1/1 Single stream 2.9 8.1 13.8 28.2 43.2 57.0
64QAM 3/4 Single stream 3.2 9.1 15.6 31.8 48.6 64.2
64QAM 1/1 Single stream 4.3 12.1 20.7 42.3 64.8 85.5
64QAM 1/1 V-MIMO (cell) 8.6 24.2 41.5 84.7 129.6 171.1
20 MHz
Uplink: Peak Rate 57 Mbps with 20 MHz and 16QAM
Downlink
Normal Cyclic Prefix considered and 10MHz BW
Following overheads not reduced: CRC, L2/L3 headers, IP headers
Following overheads reduced
Synchronization, reference, PBCH, PCFICH, PHICH and 1 PDCCH symbol
Relative overheads
Reference symbol overhead 9.5% with 2x2 MIMO
PDCCH overhead 4.76% with single symbol (two symbols with 1.4
MHz)(12*Numpdcch symbol-4*RS)/(12*7*2subframes)
Other overheads <1% with 10 MHz bandwidth
UPLINK
Following overheads not reduced: CRC, L2/L3 headers, IP headers
Following overheads reduced
1 symbol for reference symbol
1 resource block for PUCCH
Relative overheads
Reference symbol overhead 14.3%
PUCCH overhead =2/50 (or best case 1/50)= 4% or (2%)
RACH overhead = (not present in peak?)= 6 * 84 /(2*84*50*10)=0.6%
When calculating peak rate is it considering that only factors of 2, 3 or 5 can
be assigned in the UL?
VIRTUAL MIMO: (multi user MIMO) 2 UEs with 1Tx antenna each can communicate with an
eNodeB simultaneously using the same resource blocks simultaneously ( A way for operators
to increase capacity). As UEs are assumed to be physically distant from each other the
resulting combined transmissions arrive at the eNodeB as multipath and can be processed in
the same way as separate MIMO streams. It doubles capacity of the UL.
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LTE UE Categories
All categories support 20 MHz
64QAM mandatory in downlink, but not in uplink (except Class 5)
2x2 MIMO mandatory in other classes except Class 1
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5
10/5 Mbps 50/25 Mbps 100/50 Mbps 150/50 Mbps 300/75 Mbps Peak rate DL/UL
20 MHz RF bandwidth 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz
64QAM Modulation DL 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM
16QAM Modulation UL 16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 16QAM
Yes Rx diversity Yes Yes Yes Yes
1-4 tx BTS tx diversity
Optional MIMO DL 2x2 4x4 2x2 2x2
1-4 tx 1-4 tx 1-4 tx 1-4 tx
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RRM Framework
UE scope:Handover control, power control, Adaptive
Modulation and Coding, outer link quality control, MIMO
Cell scope:Radio Admission Control, Congestion
Control
eNode B scope: Packet Scheduler (cell scope for
simpler implementation)
RAN scope:Load Balancing, Inter-cell Interference
Coordination
Multi-RAT scope: Interworking with GSM/EDGE and
UMTS, inter-RAT HO
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Layer 3
RRM
Connection Mobility Control
Layer 2
RRM
Time Scale
Call
Duration
Interhandover
Time
Channel
Fading Time
Burst or Packet
Duration
Traffic, Channel and
Location Variations
Traffic, Channel and
Location Variations
Radio Admission Control
Intercell Interference Coordination
Fast DL AMC
1 ms
10 ms
100 ms
1 s
10 s
100 s
Load Balancing , Congestion Control
Packet Scheduling (UL/DL), fast ATB
ATB = Adaptive Transmission Bandwidth
L3 Signaling
Delay
Slow UL
Power Control
(open/closed
Loop)
Slow UL
Power Control
(open/closed
Loop)
Outer Link Quality Control (OLQC)
UE
DRX/DTX
Control
UE
DRX/DTX
Control
LTE TTI
Slow UL LA/AMC,
Slow UL ATB
Slow UL LA/AMC,
Slow UL ATB
Dynamic
MIMO
Control
Dynamic
MIMO
Control
RRM Framework: Time Scale of RRM Functions
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RRM Framework
Radio Admission Control : Admission control will be encharged of
deciding when new users (or mobility users) are allowed to establish
bearers in the cell
Packet Scheduler: Is encharged of UL and DL scheduling every
TTI. PS will dedice which users are scheduled on a TTI basis and
the amount of resources allocated to each user.
Power control: For DL it will be a semi static configuration where
as for UL RRM will provide feedback for closed loop power control to
reduce UL interference.
AMC (OLQC, OLLA) : AMC will perform link adaptation tasks to
ensure radio resources are used in the most effiecient way possible.
MIMO: This module is encharged of selecting whether Transmit
diversity, Spatial multiplexing or dynamic switching between
previous two modes will be emplyed for every user based on UE
feedback
RL10
Functional Description of the different RRM Modules
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RRM / Telecom
Open Loop UL Power Control and DL
Power Setting
CQI Adaptation (DL)
Link Adaptation by AMC (UL/DL)
Support of 64 QAM in DL
Fair Scheduler (UL/DL)
Cell Selection and Re-Selection
Intra Frequency Handover via X2
Transmit Diversity for Two Antennas
Downlink Adaptive Open Loop MIMO
for Two Antennas
O&M
SON -Automatic Adjacent Cell
Configuration
NetAct -Fault Management
LTE BTS Site Manager
Remote Electrical Tilt (RET)
Management
BTS Site Solutions
Flexi System Module: FSME
13 km Cell Range
Bandwidth: 5, 10 and 20 MHz
Frequency: 700 and 2600 MHz
Transport
Flexi Transport Sub-Modules: FTLB
Ethernet Transport
Synchronization from GPS
LTE FDD Release Roadmap
RL10
Ready for Contract
RL09
Available
RL20
Under Planning
RL30
Study Items
RRM / Telecom
Rate Capping per UE (UL/DL)
Ciphering / Integrity Protection
Inter RAT Handover to WCDMA
Closed Loop UL Power Control
S1 Flex
Multi-Operator Core Network (MOCN)
O&M
SON -BTS Auto Connectivity
SON -BTS Auto Configuration
SON -NetAct Optimizer for LTE
SON -ANR
SON -ANR InterRAT UTRAN
SON -Self Healing I
LTE Security
BTS Site Solutions
Flexi System Module: FSMD
77 km Cell Range
Frequency: 800EU*, 900*, 1800*,
1700/2100 and 2100 MHz
Transport
Flexi Transport Sub-Modules: FTIB
Traffic Prioritization on IP Layer
Traffic Prioritization on Ethernet Layer
VLAN Based Traffic Differentiation
Traffic Shaping
LTE IPSec Support
Synchronization from Ethernet
RRM / Telecom
Support of Multiple EPS Bearers
Support of GBR EPS Bearer
Inter RAT Handover to eHRPD
DRX in RRC Connected Mode
SRVCC to WCDMA
SRVCC to GSM
CS Fallback to WCDMA
CS Fallback to GSM
Intra LTE Handover via S1
Inter Frequency Handover
NACC to GSM
Service Differentiation for Non-GBR
EPS Bearer
O&M
SON -ANR Fully UE Based
SON -ANR InterRAT GERAN/HRPD
SON -Self Healing II
Trace Support
BTS Site Solutions
Up to 6 Cells with One System Module
RF Sharing GSM - LTE
100 km Cell Range
Bandwidth: 1.4, 3 and 15 MHz
Frequency: 850 and 1900 MHz
Transport
QoS Aware Ethernet Switching
Ethernet OAM
RRM / Telecom
Transmit Diversity for Four Antennas
Downlink Adaptive MIMO for Four
Antennas
TTI Bundling
O&M
SON - ANR Inter RAT UE Based
SON - Mobility Robustness Optimization
Online Performance Monitoring
BTS Site Solutions
RF Sharing WCDMA - LTE
System Sharing WCDMA - LTE
4-Way RX Diversity (MRC)
180W Flexi Multiradio Remote RF
Frequency: 1500 MHz
Transport
CESoPSN
Transport Link Redundancy
IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stack
IP Transport Network Measurements
Note: Availability and order of different RF
Module and Remote RF Head frequency
variants pending on market need and
customer orders
(* RL10 ED
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Basic functionality
S1/X2 Data Path Management
S1, X2 and RRC Common Signaling
EPS Bearer Establishment and Release
Admission Control
System Information Broadcast
Physical & Transport Channels
PDCP, MAC & RLC Support
Fair Scheduler (UL/DL)
Paging
UE State Management
Single TX Path
Capacity / Coverage
Open Loop UL Power Control and DL
Power Setting
Link Adaptation by AMC (UL/DL)
Transmit Diversity for Two Antennas
Downlink Adaptive Open Loop MIMO for
Two Antennas
Support of 64 QAM in DL
CQI adaptation (DL)
Mobility
Cell Selection and Re-Selection
Intra Frequency Handover via X2
LTE (FDD) RRM & Telecom Roadmap
Network Architecture
S1-Flex
Multi-Operator Core Network (MOCN)
Services
Rate Capping per UE (UL/DL)
Capacity / Coverage
Downlink Adaptive Closed Loop MIMO
for Two Antennas
Closed Loop UL Power Control
PUCCH Blanking
PDCCH Link Adaptation
Security
Ciphering
Integrity Protection
Mobility
Inter RAT Handover to WCDMA
Inter RAT Cell Re-Selection
Redirect to LTE or Other Technology
Services
Support of Multiple EPS Bearers
Support of GBR EPS Bearer
Robust Header Compression
DRX in RRC Connected Mode
Service Differentiation for Non-GBR
EPS Bearer
UE AMBR Modification
Mobility
Inter RAT Handover to eHRPD
SRVCC to WCDMA
SRVCC to GSM
CS Fallback to WCDMA
CS Fallback to GSM
Intra LTE Handover via S1
Inter Frequency Handover
NACC to GSM
Capacity / Coverage
Support of 64 QAM in UL
Transmit Diversity for Four Antennas
Downlink Adaptive Closed Loop MIMO
for Four Antennas
Channel Aware Scheduler (UL)
TTI Bundling
Extended Cyclic Prefix
Mobility
Inter RAT Handover from WCDMA
Support of High Speed Users
SRVCC to 1xRTT
CS Fallback to 1xRTT
Service Based Handover
Load Based Handover
Services
Support of Cell Based Location Service
E911
RL10 RL09 RL20 RL30 RL10
Ready for Contract
RL09
Available
RL20
Under Planning
RL30
Study Items